Mr. Collier never once refers to Jackson. Mr. Singer, howeve_Notes and Queries, Number 200, August 27, 1853 A Medium of Inter-communication for Literary Men, Artists, Antiquaries, Geneologists, etc.

{189}

NOTES AND QUERIES:

A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES,

GENEALOGISTS, ETC.

* * * * *

="When found, make a note of."=--CAPTAIN CUTTLE.

* * * * *

No. 200.]

SATURDAY, AUGUST 27. 1853.

[Price Fourpence. Stamped Edition, 5_d._

CONTENTS.

NOTES:-- Page

The English, Irish, and Scotch Knights of the Order of St. John

of Jerusalem, by William Winthrop 189

Duport's Lines to Izaak Walton 193

Shakspeare Correspondence, by C. Mansfield Ingleby, James

Cornish, &c. 193

MINOR NOTES:--Sir Francis Drake--Similarity of Idea in St.

Luke and Juvenal--Sincere--Epitaph in Appleby Churchyard,

Leicestershire 195

QUERIES:--

The Crescent, by W. Robson 196

MINOR QUERIES:--The Hebrew Testament--Dr. Franklin--Flemish

Refugees--"Sad are the rose leaves"--References

wanted--Tea-marks--William the Conqueror's

Surname--Old Saying--To pluck a Crow with One--"Well's

a fret"--Pay the Piper--Greek Inscription upon a Font,

mentioned by Jeremy Taylor--Acharis--Attainment of

Majority--Hartman's Account of Waterloo--Henry Chicheley,

Archbishop of Canterbury--Translation of Athenæus--Passages

from Euripides--Anderson's Royal Genealogies 196

MINOR QUERIES WITH ANSWERS:--Louis le Hutin 199

REPLIES:--

Bee-Park--Bee-Hall 199

Milton's Widow, by J. F. Marsh and T. Hughes 200

Peculiar Ornament in Crosthwaite Church 200

Curious Mistranslations, by Henry H. Breen 201

"To speak in lutestring" by the Rev. W. Fraser 202

Burial in Unconsecrated Places, by Wm. T. Hesleden and R. W.

Elliot 202

PHOTOGRAPHIC CORRESPONDENCE:--Mr. Muller's Process--Detail

on Negative Paper--Ammonio-nitrate of Silver 203

REPLIES TO MINOR QUERIES:--"Up, guards, and at them!"--German

Heraldry--The Eye--Canute's Point, Southampton--Symon

Patrick, Bishop of Ely: Durham: Weston--Battle of Villers

en Couché--Curious Posthumous Occurrence--Passage in Job--St.

Paul and Seneca--Haulf-naked--Books chained to Desks in

Churches--Scheltrum--Quarrel--Wild Plants, and their

Names--Jeremy Taylor and Christopher Lord Hatton--Burial

on the North Side of Churches--Rubrical Query--Stone

Pillar Worship--Bad--Porc-pisee--Lowbell--Praying to the

West--Old Dog--Contested Elections--"Rathe" in the Sense

of "early"--Chip in Porridge--"A saint in crape is twice

a saint in lawn"--Gibbon's Library: West's Portrait of

Franklin--Derivation of "Island"--Spur--On the Use of the

Hour-glass in Pulpits--Selling a Wife--Impossibilities of

History--Lad and Lass--Enough 204

MISCELLANEOUS:--

Books and Odd Volumes wanted 210

Notices to Correspondents 210

Advertisements 210

* * * * *

Notes.

THE ENGLISH, IRISH, AND SCOTCH KNIGHTS OF THE ORDER OF ST. JOHN OF

JERUSALEM.

For the following list of the English, Irish, and Scotch knights of the

Order of St. John, who are mentioned in the records of this island when

under its rule, I am in a great measure indebted to Dr. Vella, who, after

having made at my request a diligent search through very many old volumes

and manuscripts, has kindly favoured me with the result of his labours.

The names of the knights and places mentioned in this Note are written,

in every instance, as Dr. Vella and myself have seen them recorded.

Before commencing with the list, I have a few remarks to offer, that the

terms peculiar to the Order which I shall make use of may be understood

by those of your readers who are unacquainted with its history.

The English tongue comprised the priories of England, Ireland, and

Scotland, and thirty-two different commanderies. Its property, which was

seized by Henry VIII. in 1534, was afterwards restored by Queen Mary, and

finally and effectually confiscated by Elizabeth in the first year of her

reign. Her Majesty's order for the seizure of the Irish estates was dated

on the 3rd of June, 1559, and addressed to William Fitzwilliam. Vide the

"Diplomatic Code of the Order," and Rymer, vol. xv. p. 527.

Although Dr. Vella and myself had every wish to classify the knights

of the English tongue under their different languages, still we have

failed in our first attempt, and to enable us to succeed we must ask

for assistance from your correspondents in England. They must be known

by their names; thus, for instance, the Dundas's of 1524 and 1538 were

as evidently of Scotch, as the Russells of 1536, 1537, and 1554 were of

English descent. We might apply the same remark to many other knights

whose names will be found recorded in the following list.

Whenever a vacancy occurred by the death of a grand master, who was

always a sovereign prince, the election for his successor could only take

place in the convent. It was not necessary that the person elected should

be present. Villiers De {190} L'Isle Adam was residing in France in

1521, when his brethren at Rhodes made him their chief. The grand priors,

commanders, and knights, who were absent from Malta, whether employed

in the service of the Order or not, had neither voice nor ballot in the

election; and the more effectually to prevent their interference, as also

that of the Roman pontiff, only three days were allowed to transpire

before a successor was chosen, and proclaimed as the head of the convent.

Henry VIII. addressed L'Isle Adam as follows: "Reverendissimo in Christo

Patri Domini, F. de Villers L. Isleadam, Magno Hierosolymitani Ordinis

Magistro, et consanguineo, et amico nostro carissimo." George II., as the

king of a Protestant country, sent a letter to Emmanuel Pinto, bearing

the following superscription: "Eminentissimo Principi Domino Emanueli

Pinto, Magno Ordinis Melitensis Magistro, Consanguineo, et Amico Nostro

Carissimo."

Boisgelin has stated in the first volume of his _History of Malta_, p.

194., that the--

"King of England addressed the grand master by the following

titles: 'Eminentissime princeps consanguinea et amice noster

carissime.' The King of France gave the Order the title of

'Très chers et bons amis;' and the grand master that of 'Très

cher et très aimé cousin," in the same style as he addressed

the Dukes of Tuscany."

That this note may not occupy too much space in your interesting,

publication, I would now merely remark that the "convent" was known as

the place where the grand master, or his lieutenant, resided, and the

"tongue," according to the code of the Order, was the term applied to a

nation. A grand prior was the chief of his language, who resided in his

native country. A "Turcopolier" was the title of the conventual bailiff

of the venerable language of England, "and it took its name from the

Turcopoles, a sort of light horse mentioned in the history of the wars

carried on by the Christians in Palestine." The English knights won for

themselves this high honour by their gallantry in the Holy Land, and in

remembrance it ever after remained with their tongue. A Turcopolier was

the third dignity in the convent, and the last knight who enjoyed it was

Sir Richard Shelley, Prior of England. At his decease the grand master

assumed the title for himself. The two interesting letters addressed

by Sir Richard Shelley to Henry VIII., in which he complained of his

majesty's treatment to the Order of St. John, and pleaded in its favour,

were published in the English language, and five years ago were to be

seen in the government library of this island. But, on my asking a

short time ago to refer to them, I regretted to find that they had been

taken from the library by a _gentleman_ who was well introduced to the

librarian, and whose conduct in this, and some other transactions where

valuable books are concerned, cannot be too strongly condemned. Before

returning from this brief digression to the subject of my Note, might I

ask if these letters are known in England, and whether copies could be

easily procured for a friend who is desirous of having them inserted in a

forthcoming publication?

The Knights of St. John being members of a masonic institution, termed

each other brothers, is customary with members of the craft at the

present time. And it may not be out of place to remark that several of

the chapels, churches, and fortifications of Malta are ornamented with

masonic signs and emblems, which have been several times referred to,

and cleverly explained within the last three years in different numbers

of the _Masonic Quarterly Review_. Those of your readers who take an

interest in masonry may peruse these papers of a distinguished mason, now

stationed in the West Indies, with instruction and pleasure.

Boisgelin has recorded in the first volume of his _History of Malta_, p.

182., that the Order of St. John of Jerusalem "might with propriety be

considered as being at the same time hospitaller, religious, military,

republican, aristocratical, monarchical," and lastly, as if these

different terms, which, without his explanation, would appear to be

incorrect as applying to one institution, were not sufficient, he has

added in a note, that in the last days of its existence it might also

have been called democratical. He has stated that it was--

"Hospitaller, from having hospitals constantly open for the

reception of the sick of all countries and religions, whom the

knights attended in person. Religious, because the members

took the three vows of chastity, obedience, and poverty, which

last consisted in having no property independent of the Order

at large, and on that account the Pope was their superior.

Military, from being constantly armed, and always at war with

the infidels. Republican, as their chief was chosen from

among themselves, and could not enact laws, or carry them

into execution, without their consent. Aristocratical, since

none but the knights and grand master had any share in the

legislative and executive power. Monarchical, from having a

superior who could not be dispossessed of his dignity, and was

invested with the right of sovereignty over the subjects of the

order, together with those of Malta and its dependencies. And

lastly, Democratical, from the introduction of a language which

did not require any proofs of nobility."[1]

Before taking leave of Boisgelin, it should be recorded that he was a

Knight of Malta; and his history, one of the best now extant, appeared

in {191} those troubled times, when he hoped by conciliating all

governments, to see his Order again restored. Influenced in all things by

this hope, vain as it was, his statements should be received with some

grains of allowance.

Before calling attention to the following list, I have to state that a

knight could not become commander before he had made four cruises in the

galleys, or served five years in the convent. He had also to remain three

years a commander before he could claim a pension. Those knights who are

known to have been at Malta will be distinguished by a †.

†Aylmer, Sir George 1521

Commander of Holstone.

Adfil, George 1524

Albrit, Oliver 1527

Bouth, John 1522

Turcopolier, killed at the siege of Rhodes.

Blasly, Robert 1526

Boydel, Edward 1529

†Babington, John 1531

Bailiff of Aguila, Commander of Dalby.

†Babington, Philip 1531

†Belingham, Edward 1531

Commander of Dynmore.

†Balfard, Richard 1531

†Brown, Edward 1531

†Broke, Richard 1531

Commander of Mount St. John.

Boydel, George 1532

Boydel, Roger 1533

Turcopolier.

†Bentham, Anthony 1536

Boyse, Andrew 1588

Corbet, William 1522

Commander of Templebruer.

Cane, Sir Ambrose 1525

Chanure, John 1525

Campledik, Thomas 1529

Commander of Corbroke.

Chambers, Sir James 1533

Deston, Claude 1522

Docray, Thomas 1523

Prior of the English tongue.

Dundas, George 1524

Commander of Turfichin in Scotland.

†Dingley, Thomas 1531

†Dundas, Alexander 1538

†Dudley, George 1545

Received in the Order at Malta in 1545.

Edward, George 1525

†Eluyn, Edmund 1545

Received in the Order at Malta in 1545.

Fairfax, Nicholas 1522

Commander of Temple Combe.

Fitzmorth, Robert 1527

Fortescue, Adrian 1532

This brave knight perished on the scaffold in

England at the time of the Reformation (vide

"N. & Q.," Vol. vii., p. 628.); was enrolled among

the Saints; and his portrait, with a sprig of palm

in the hand, as an emblem of his martyrdom, is

now to be seen in one of the chapels of St. John's

Church at this island. The 8th of July is the

day now observed in commemoration of his sufferings,

and of those who suffered with him.

Fortescue, Nicholas 1638

This nobleman, of the same family as the preceding,

was received in the Order on his own urgent

application; and with the hope that, by his

assistance, the English language would be restored.

Golings, Thomas 1520

Commander of Bodisford.

†Gonson, Sir David 1533

The last lieutenant of the Turcopolier at Malta.

†Gerard, Sir Henry 1541

Glene, Lewis 1555

Hyerton, George 1523

Hall, Thomas 1526

†Halison, James 1526

Hussey, Edmund 1528

Hussey, Nicholas 1531

Hill, Edward 1531

†Hornebill, Thomas 1536

Irving, James 1569

Solely by the strenuous exertions of this knight it

was decided, in a general chapter held in 1569,

that the Scotch should enjoy the same dignities

and emoluments which had been previously

granted to the English and Irish knights.

Jones, William 1522

Layton, Ambrose 1527

Commander of Beverly.

{192}

Layton, Cuthbert 1528

Lyndesey, Walter 1532

Lambert, Nicholas 1538

Mobysteyn, John 1526

Capellano, and Chancellor, of the Provincial

Chapter of the English Language.

Massinbert, Oswaldus 1527

Newport, Thomas 1528

Bailiff of Aquila, and Commander of Newland.

Nevil, Richard 1528

Commander of Willington.

Newton, Thomas 1529

Newdegatt, Donston 1536

Ozis, John.

On the 16th of March, 1533, this knight obtained

permission to return to England. Vide fol. 168.

Pole, Alban 1520

Commander of Mount St. John.

Philip, Thomas 1521

Plunket, Nicholas 1527

Pool, George 1531

Pool, Henry 1531

Pemperton, Thomas 1533

Commander of Mount St. John.

Ransom, John (Senior) 1521

Prior of Ireland.

Roberts, Nicholas 1522

Roche, Edward 1527

Ransom, William 1527

†Roger, Anthony 1533

†Ransom, John (Junior) 1533

Turcopolier.

†Russell, Philip 1536

†Russell, Anthony 1537

†Russell, Egidius 1554

Governor of the city, and Captain of the forces.

Sheffield, Thomas 1521

Commander of Beverly.

Sand, George 1528

†Sandiland, James 1530

Sutton, John 1530

Salisbury, William 1537

†Starkey, Oliver 1555

Confidential secretary of La Valetta, and buried

in St. John's Church, at the foot of his tomb.

†Shelley, Sir Richard 1566

Prior of England, and last Turcopolier of his

language. On the 25th of June, 1567, Sir Richard

obtained permission to dispose of his property as

he wished.

†Shelley, James 1566

†Shelley, John 1582

†Stuart, Fitzjames 1689

A natural son of James II. A letter is now

existing in which this monarch requested the

Grand Master to receive his son as Grand Prior

of the English language, if it should be agreeable

to the will of the Pope. It may be noted that the

Germans were the only knights in the Convent

who would never admit a natural son of a noble

or monarch among them.

Theril, William 1533

Tyrell, William 1535

Urton, George 1523

Upton, Nicholas 1536

Turcopolier, and greatly distinguished in July,

1551, when, at the head of thirty knights and

four hundred mounted volunteers, he very gallantly

repulsed Dragut's attack on the island.

Returning to the convent he died of his wounds.

On the 20th of June, 1565, Dragut fell mortally

wounded in the famous siege of Malta, and the

point where he was killed still bears his name.

His scimetar is now to be seen in the Maltese

armoury.

Wagor, John 1523

Weston, Sir William 1525

A brief historical description of Sir William

Weston's sufferings, decease, and burial will

be found in the second volume of Sutherland's

Knights of Malta, p. 115., which appears to be a

correct translation from Vertot's History of the

Order.--Vide "N. & Q.," Vol. vii., p. 629.; and

Vertot, lib. 10.

Wyhtt, Sir Rowland 1528

West, Clement 1532

This knight was a Turcopolier, and never placed

his signature to a document without writing

immediately above it "As God wills."

Wise, Andrew 1593

Nominally Prior of England in 1598. Being reduced

to the greatest extremity, the Roman Pontiff

decreed that the language of Castile and Leon

should allow him out of its revenue a thousand

ducats a-year. The Spanish knights objecting to

pay this sum, there was a trial before the Grand

Master to enforce it; a report of which is now in

the Record Office. The Pope's decree was confirmed.

{193}

In looking through the records of the "English tongue," I have met with

the name of only one lady, Catherine Burchier, who was prioress of

Buckland in 1524. Any information respecting her history, or that of

the knights whose names are recorded in the above list, will be most

acceptable.

WILLIAM WINTHROP.

La Valetta, Malta.

[Footnote 1: The language to which Boisgelin refers, was that

of England. A few years after the Reformation, and in 1545, the

council decreed that it was no longer required for those who

joined the English tongue to be noblemen. Vide fol. 35.]

* * * * *

DUPORT'S LINES TO IZAAK WALTON.

Sometime since I met with the following epigrams of the learned scholar,

divine, and loyalist James Duport, written on the fly-leaf of a copy of

his _Musæ Subsecivæ, seu Poetica Stromata_, presented by him to Izaak

Walton. I presume that they have never been printed, and that they were

written in Duport's own hand. If so, they may be thought worthy of a

place in the columns of "N. & Q." They will be read with some interest by

those who respect Duport, and love the memory of good old Izaak Walton. I

may add, that the autograph of I. W. is in the book, thus:

"IZAAK WALTON,

Given by the Author,

3ᴰ May, 1679."

W. H. G.

Winchester.

"Ad virum optimum mihique amicissimum Isaacum Waltonum, de libris a

se editis, mihique dono missis, nec non de vita Hookeri, Herberti, et

aliorum:

Munera magna mihi mittis; nec mittis in hamo

Rex Piscatorum sis licet, atque Pater.

Mutus ego ut piscis semper! nunquamne reponam?

Piscibus immo tuis et tibi mitto Sales:

Sed quid pro vitis Sanctorum? mitto Salutem;

Vita etenim non est vita, Salutis inops.

Tuissimus,

J. D."

"Ad eundem de suâ Episcopi Sandersoni Vitâ.

Quem Juvenis quondam didici, Tutore magistro,

Nunc Sandersonum, te duce, disco Senex.

Macte nove o Plutarche Biographe; dans aliorum

Qui vitas, vitam das simul ipse tibi:

Nempe eris æternum in Scriptis, Waltone, superstes,

Non etenim nôrunt hæc monumenta mori.

J. DUPORT."

* * * * *

SHAKSPEARE CORRESPONDENCE.

_Zachariah Jackson._--"N. & Q." will not, I am sure, refuse to give his

due to Zachariah Jackson, the author of _Shakspeare's Genius Justified_,

by showing to how great an extent the conjectures of Jackson had, by

_thirty-four_ years, anticipated the _Notes and Emendations_. I subjoin

a list of the old corrector's emendations, which are also found in

Jackson's work:

+------------------------+----------------+-----------------+-----+-----+

+------------------------+----------------+-----------------+-----+-----+

| | | | | |

| | | | | |

| | | | | |

| | | | | |

| | | | | |

| | | | | |

| | | | | |

| | | | | |

+------------------------+----------------+-----------------+-----+-----+

Besides these nine verbatim coincidences, the following four are very

approximate.

_Taming of the Shrew_, Induction, Sc. 2:

Folios.--"And when he says he is, say that he dreams."

Collier MS.--"When he says _what_ he is, say that he

dreams."--_Notes and Emendations_, p. 142.

Jackson.--"And what he says he is, say that he

dreams."--_Restorations and Illustrations_, p. 114.

_Taming of the Shrew_, Act II. Sc. 1.:

Folios.--"No such jade, _Sir_, as you, if me you mean."

Collier MS.--"No such jade _to bear_ you, if me you

mean."--_Notes and Emendations_, p. 147.

Jackson.--"No such jade as you,--_bear!_ if me you

mean."--_Restorations and Illustrations_, p. 119.

_1 Henry VI._, Act V. Sc. 3.:

Folios.--"Confounds the tongue, and makes the senses _rough_."

Collier MS.--"Confounds the tongue, and _mocks_ the _sense of

touch_."--_Notes and Emendations_, p. 276.

Jackson.--"Confounds the tongue, and makes the senses

_touch_."--_Restorations and Illustrations_, p. 233.

_Cymbeline_, Act III. Sc. 4.:

Folios.-- ... "Some jay of Italy, _Whose mother was her_

painting, hath betray'd him."

Collier MS.--"Who _smothers her with painting_, hath betray'd

him."--_Notes and Emendations_, p. 495.

Jackson.--"Who _smoother_ was: her painting hath betray'd

him."--_Restorations and Illustrations_, p. 375.

Besides these four emendations, which at any rate are very suggestive

of those in Mr. Collier's folio, I beg to call attention to Jackson's

defence of Theobald's (and his own) proposition to read _untread_ for

_unthread_, in _King John_, Act V. Sc. 4., which is strikingly like

Mr. Collier's defence of the same reading in the margin of the Folio

1632. {194} The whole of Jackson's notes on _King John_ are well worth

reading. I beg to mention two of these, as illustrations of old Jackson's

acuteness, when not under the warping influence of the _cacoëthes

emendandi_. His defence of _untrimmed bride_, in Act II. Sc. 1., is most

convincing. He says,--

"Constance stimulates [Lewis] to stand fast to his purpose,

and not to let the devil tempt him, in the likeness of an

_untrimmed_ bride, to waver in his determination; for that the

influence of the Holy See would strip King John of his present

royalty. Where then would be the great dowry Lewis was to

receive with his wife? At present he has only the _promise_ of

five provinces, and 30,000 marks of English coin; therefore as

the dowry has not been paid, Blanche is still an _untrimmed_

bride."--_Recollections and Illustrations_, p. 179.

His note on the use of _invisible_, in Act V. Sc. 7., is also excellent:

"Death having prayed upon the reduced body of the king, quits

it, and now _invisible_, has laid siege to the mind."

I have elsewhere stated my opinion that "all Jackson's emendations are

bad." I should have added that some few are very plausible and specious,

and worthy of consideration. I will mention one in _King John_, Act IV.

Sc. 2. Pembroke says,--

"If, what _in rest_ you have, in right you hold," &c.

Now, _rest_ and _right_ are no antithesis, nor are they allied in

meaning. Jackson inserts a _t'_ between _in_ and _rest_--

"If, what _int'rest_ you have in right you hold," &c.--

which he supports by admirable parallels from the same play. I will cite

one more example of Jackson's sagacity, from his notes on _1 Henry IV._,

Act I. Sc. 3. Hotspur says,--

"Never did _bare and_ rotten policy," &c.

Jackson reads,--

"Never did _barren_ rotten policy," &c.

Mr. Collier never once refers to Jackson. Mr. Singer, however, talks

familiarly about Jackson, in his _Shakspeare Vindicated_, as if he had

him at his fingers' ends; and yet, at page 239., he favours the world

with an _original_ emendation (viz. "He did _behood_ his anger," _Timon_,

Act III. Sc. 1.), which, however, will be found at page 389. of Jackson's

book. I may be in error, but I cannot but think such ignorance, on the

part of professional Shakspearians, very culpable.

C. MANSFIELD INGLEBY.

Birmingham.

_On Three Passages in "Measure for Measure."_--I have to crave a small

space in your columns, which have already done much good service for

the text of Shakspeare, to make a very few remarks on three passages in

the play of _Measure for Measure_. It is no sweeping change of reading

that I am about to advocate, nor, as I think, anything over ingenious;

inasmuch as, in two of the passages in question, I propose to defend the

reading of the first folio, which, I contend, has been departed from

unnecessarily; while, in the third, I suggest the simple change of an _f_

into an _s_.

In Act II. Sc. 4., these lines occur in Angelo's soliloquy, in my folio

of 1623:

"The state whereon I studied

Is like a good thing, being often read,

Growne feard and tedious."

Mr. Knight, and other editors, read _feard_, as in the original, but give

no explanation; though such a strange epithet would seem to require one.

I propose to read _seared_, _i.e._ dry, the opposite of fresh. This,

as the saying is, "requires," I think, "only to be pointed out to be

admitted."

Lower down in the same scene we find the following passage, in one of

Angelo's addresses to Isabel:

"Such a person,

Whose creadit with the judge, or owne great place,

Could fetch your brother from the manacles

Of the all-building law."

The word _building_ has always been a stumbling-block to editors. Johnson

first proposed to read _binding_, and his successors have adopted it, and

such is now the generally received reading. Mr. Collier's old corrector

is also in favour of the same change. I have always felt convinced,

however, that _building_ was the word which Shakspeare wrote. That

which answers to it in the A.-S. is _bytling_, _bytleing_, a building;

_bytlian_, to build; which are inflected from _byth_, _biotul_, a hammer

or mallet (whence our _beetle_); so that the strict meaning of the verb

is _firmare_, _confirmare_, to fasten, close, or bind together. This will

give much the same meaning to _building_ as that implied in the proposed

substitute _binding_.

Not having met with the word used in this peculiar sense by any old

writer, I could not venture to maintain the reading of the folio on

these grounds, which I have just mentioned, alone. At length, however, I

have been successful, and I am now able to quote a passage from a work

published very shortly before this play, entitled:

"The Jewel House of Art and Nature", &c., "faithfully and

familiarly set downe according to the Author's owne experience,

by Hugh Platte, of Lincoln's Inne, gentleman. London, 1594."

in which this word _building_ is used in precisely the same sense as that

which I defend. In "the Preface of the Author," the following passage

occurs:

"I made a condicionall promise of some farther discouerie in

arteficiall conceipts, then either my health {195} or leisure

would then permit: I am now resolued (notwithstanding the

vnkind acceptation of my first fruits, which then I feared and

hath since falne out, is a sufficient release in law of the

condition) to make the same in some sort absolute (though not

altogether according to the fulnesse of my first purpose), and

to become a _building_ word unto me."

I apprehend that this parallel instance is all that is wanting to

preserve, for the future, the reading of the first folio unimpaired.

The third passage on which I have a remark to offer, is that much

tormented one in Act III. Sc. 1., which stands in my first folio thus:

"_Cla._ The prenzie, Angelo?

_Isa._ Oh, 'tis the cunning liuerie of hell,

The damnest bodie to inuest, and couer

In prenzie gardes."

I need not say a word about the various suggestions of _primzie_,

_priestly_, _princely_, _precise_, &c., which have appeared from time to

time; my business is solely with the original word in the first folio. I

have always felt sure that this is none other than the poet's own word,

and no error of the printer; for how could it be possible to make a

gross mistake in a word which occurs twice within four lines, and one,

moreover, so unusual; the printer must surely have been able to decipher

the letters from _one_ of the two written specimens. It will be observed

that there is a comma after _prenzie_ in the original, indicating that

the word is a substantive, not an adjective. Now what is the Italian for

a prince? Not only _principe_, but also _prenze_; and in like manner we

find _principessa_ and _prenzessa_. I have no doubt that what Shakspeare

_did_ write was--

"The prenzie, Angelo?"

while a little lower down he converted the word into an adjective:

"To inuest and couer

In prenzie gardes."

It is obvious to remark that this meaning of _prenzie_ exactly fits the

sense: Angelo was a prince, and he was clad in robes of office, adorned

with princely "gardes," or trappings. Shakspeare, no doubt, was very well

acquainted with Italian tales and poems; the word may have become quite

familiar to him. His intention here, in putting the term in question

into Claudio's mouth, may have been to give an Italian character to the

scene, introducing thus the _local term of dignity_ of the deputy; thus

recalling the audience, by the occurrence of a single word, to the scene

of the plot; for though this is said to be in Vienna, yet it is to be

observed that not a name throughout the play is German, _everything is

Italian_. And let it not be objected that the use of this word involves

an obscurity which Shakspeare would have avoided; we are hardly able to

judge, now-a-days, whether a particular word was obscure or not in his

time: at all events, there would be no difficulty in adducing instances

of what we should call more obscure allusions, and I think there can be

little doubt that the well-educated in those days well understood the

Italian _prenze_ to mean a prince.

H. C. K.

---- Rectory, Hereford.

_"Hamlet" and G. Steevens._--In Act I. Sc. 4., Horatio asks Hamlet "_What

does this_ mean, my Lord?" (The noise of music within). Hamlet replies:

"The king doth wake to-night, and takes his rouse,

Keeps wassel, and _the swaggering up-spring reels_."

G. Steevens, in a note of this passage, says: "The _swaggering up-spring_

was _a German dance_." Is not the allusion directed to the king, whom

Hamlet describes as "a swaggering _up-spring_," or "_upstart_?" Should

not the line--

_"O horrible, O horrible, most horrible!"_

in the Ghost's narrative in the _fifth scene_, be given to Hamlet?

JAMES CORNISH.

Falmouth.

* * * * *

Minor Notes.

_Sir Francis Drake._--Having traversed the globe within three years, his

travels were thus noticed by a poet of his day:

"Drake, pererrati novit quem terminus orbis,

Quemque semel mundi vidit uterque Polus.

Si taceant homines, faciant te sidera notum,

Sol nescit comitis non memor esse sui."

CLERICUS (D.)

_Similarity of Idea in St. Luke and Juvenal._--Examples of identity of

expression existing between the Scriptures and ancient heathen writers

have already appeared in "N. & Q." Permit me to add the following

passages, which appear to me to afford an instance of similarity of idea:

"Λέγω ὑμῖν, ὅτι ἐὰν οὗτοι σιωπήσωσῖν, οἱ λίθοι

κεκρὰξονται."--_Luc._ cap xix. v. 40.

"Audis,

Jupiter, hæc, nec labra moves, quum mittere vocem

Debueras, vel marmoreus, vel aëneus?"

Juven. _Sat._ xiii. v. 113.

The satirist would seem to say (taking the sceptic's view), that even if

Jupiter existed only in brass and marble, the very statues would "cry

out" against the impious perjury.

I drop my initials, and beg to subscribe myself

ARCH. WEIR.

_Sincere._--Trench, _On the Study of Words_, 4th ed., p. 197., says:

"They would be pleased to learn that 'sincere' may be, I will

not say that it is, without wax (sine cerâ), as the best and

finest honey should be."

{196}

Is not this derivation erroneous? _Sincere_ does not mean "pure, like

virgin-honey;" but it expresses the absence of deception. I doubt not

that it is derived from--

"The practice of Roman potters to rub wax into the flaws of

their unsound vessels when they sent them to market. A sincere

[without wax] vessel was the same as a sound vessel, one that

had no disguised flaw."

So says Bushnell (_God in Christ_, p. 17.). The derivation is no novelty.

I reproduce it merely to correct an error which is obtaining currency

under the name of Mr. French. I should be obliged to any of your

correspondents who would refer me to, or still better cite, any passages

in the Latin classics relating to the practice I have mentioned.

C. MANSFIELD INGLEBY.

Birmingham.

_Epitaph in Appleby Church-yard, Leicestershire._--

"I was a fine young man,

As you would see in ten.

And when I thought of this,

I took in hand my pen,

And wrote it down so plain

That every one might see;

How I was cut down,

Like blossoms from a tree."

J. G. L.

* * * * *

Queries.

THE CRESCENT.

I shall be obliged to any correspondent of "N. & Q." who will point out

the period at which the crescent became the standard of Mahometanism.

Poets and romancers freely bestow it upon any time or scene in which

Mussulmans are introduced; Sir Walter Scott mentions it in the

_Talisman_, but after the strange liberties he has taken with Saladin

and Richard, he becomes, on such a question, no higher authority than

writers of meaner name. I cannot find it in the history of Mahomet, or

in that of his immediate successors. The first time Michaud, in his fine

_Histoire des Croisades_, speaks of it is in the reign of Mahomet II.,

which is many centuries after periods at which modern poets, and even

historians, have named it as the antagonistic standard to the cross. The

crescent is common upon the reverses of coins of the Eastern empire long

before the Turkish conquest, and was, I have reason to believe, in some

degree peculiar to the Sclave nations. Was it the standard of the Turks,

as contradistinguished from other Saracens? or, was it adopted by Mahomet

II. after his conquests of Constantinople and the eastern countries of

Europe? I am aware that if this last idea be substantiated, it will make

it much more modern than it is generally supposed to be, but our ideas of

everything, Turkish were for so long a time mixed with the wonderful and

the romantic, that we must not expect much correctness on such points.

The Turks came into fearful contiguity with the West in the fifteenth

century; Europe had as much to dread from them then as from the Russians

now. This event and the art of printing were almost cotemporary, and the

crescent has been presented to us as the symbol of Mahometanism ever

since; but I much doubt it can be proved to have been so at a far remoter

period.

W. ROBSON.

Stockwell.

* * * * *

Minor Queries.

_The Hebrew Testament._--Having lately completed the above work, so as

to be "ready for the press" without much delay, I should be glad before

I resign the MS. to the hands of the printer, to have the advantage of

the suggestions of those of your erudite readers who have made sacred

criticism their study.

MOSES MARGOLIOUTH.

_Dr. Franklin._--I possess the following lines in the handwriting of Dr.

Franklin, written in the year 1780. Can any of your readers tell me who

was the author of them, and when and where they were first printed?

"When Orpheus went down to the Regions below,

Which men are forbidden to see;

He tun'd up his Lyre, as historians show,

To set his Euridice free.

All Hell was astonish'd, a person so wise

Should so rashly endanger his life,

And venture so far! But how vast their surprise

When they heard that he came for his wife.

"To find out a punishment due to the fault

Old Pluto had puzzled his brain;

But Hell had not torments sufficient he thought,

So he gave him his _wife_ back again.

But pity succeeding, soon mov'd his hard heart,

And, pleas'd with his playing so well,

_He took her again_, in reward of his Art;

Such power had Music in Hell!"

G. M. B.

_Flemish Refugees._--In the troubled times of the Reformation, England

was not seldom the refuge for Flemings who, for the sake of religion,

abandoned their country. Among these was Mr. Joos Tuck, who, according

to a consistorial decision of Dec. 14, 1582, was proposed by G. Van Den

Haute, then pastor at Sluis, to the brethren of the Flemish Class, since

"they had taken knowledge of the sound and good gifts of their brother."

He left Sluis soon after, probably in July, 1583, and withdrew to

England. I should be glad to learn what befell him there.

Peter Lambert was a student of the University of Ghent: though, as far

as I am aware, he is not {197} mentioned in Te Water's _History of the

Reformed Church and University in Ghent_. On July 21, 1583, a student

made known his wish to propose himself as candidate for the ministry;

and on August 4 appeared Peter Lambert, student of the University of

Ghent, before the consistory, requesting the brethren to grant him the

twenty-five guilders which had been promised; because, on account of

the troubled state of the country, he wished to flee to England, on

which request was decided: "Since a well-known and pious brother, who is

compelled to flee, is in need of help, let the deacons and _pensionary_

of the town be addressed thereon." Very probably, therefore, he also took

refuge in England. Can any one give me farther information?--From the

_Navorscher_.

J. H. VAN DALE.

_"Sad are the rose leaves," &c._--Can you or any of your correspondents

tell me whence come the following lines?--

"Sad are the rose leaves which betoken

That there the dead lie buried low;

But sadder, when the heart is broken,

Are smiles upon the lips of woe."

They are quoted from memory from the album of a lady friend.

ISELDUNENSIS.

_Wanted, the original_ habitat _of the following Sentences_:

1. "Ministeriun circa, non magisterium supra, Scriptures."

2. "Virtus rectorem ducemque desiderat, vitia sine magistro discuntur."

3. "In necessariis unitas, in non-necessariis libertas, in omnibus

charitas."

4. "Exiguum est ad legem bonum esse." Wetstein assigns this last to

Seneca, _Epist._ 17.; but there is some error. It very likely is in

Seneca.

5. "Verbum audimus, motum sentimus, præsentiam credimus, modum nescimus."

Durandus is the author.

6. "En rem indignam! nos qui jam tot annos sumus doctores S. Theologiæ,

denuo cogimur adire ludos literarios." Spoken by the adversaries of

Erasmus.

What is the earliest authority for the story of St. John and his

partridge?

Will MR. BOLTON CORNEY be kind enough to explain the occasion of Porson's

notable speech recorded on the last page of his _Curiosities Illustrated_?

His sagacity was not at fault in suspecting a French origin for

D'Israeli's story, p. 89. See Bassompière, in _Retrospective Review_,

xiii. 346.

S. Z. Z. S.

_Tea-marks._--Accident threw in my way lately a catalogue of a large

sale of teas in Mincing Lane; and my attention was drawn to certain

marks against the several lots, which appeared to indicate particular

qualities, but to me, as uninitiated, perfectly incomprehensible. In this

dilemma I asked one of our principal brokers the meaning of all this,

and I was informed that teas are sampled and tasted by the brokers, and

divided in the main into seven classes, distinguished as follows:

[Illustration]

Can any of your correspondents tell us when this classification was

first introduced, or the origin of the first two characters? Can they

be Chinese, and the names given from some fancied resemblance to the

gallows, or the letter _T_ turned sideways? My friend the broker, though

a very intelligent man, could give me no information whatever on these

points.

W. T.

42. Lowndes Square.

_William the Conqueror's Surname._--Had William a surname? If so, what

was it? By surname I mean such as is transmitted from father to son, not

the epithets he used to bestow on himself in documents, as "I, William

the Bastard," "I, William the Conqueror," &c.

TEE BEE.

_Old Saying._--

"Merry be the first

And merry be the last,

And merry be the first of August."

Having frequently heard this old saying, I take the liberty of asking,

through your much valued paper, it any of your readers are able to tell

me its origin?

EDM. L. BAGSHAWE.

Bath Literary Institution.

_To pluck a Crow with One._--It is a common expression in all ranks, I

believe, of this country, to speak of "plucking a crow" with such a one;

meaning to call him to account for some delinquency. Can any of your

correspondents inform me of the origin of the phrase?

W. W.

_"Well's a fret."_--When, after a short pause in conversation, any

one utters the interjection, "Well!" it is a very common practice in

Nottingham to say:

"... and _well's a fret_,

He that dies for love will not be hang'd for debt."

I have asked a great number of persons for an explanation, but they all

use the phrase without any meaning. Can you, or any of your readers, tell

me if it have any; or if it be only nonsensical doggrel?

DEVONIENSIS.

{198}

_Pay the Piper._--This expression surely has a firm foundation. Can any

of your correspondents trace it?

W. T. M.

Hong Kong.

_Greek Inscription upon a Font, mentioned by Jeremy Taylor._--

"This was ingeniously signified by that Greek inscription upon

a font, which is so prettily contrived, that the words may be

read after the Greek or after the Hebrew manner, and be exactly

the same:

'Νίψον ἀνόμημα, μὴ μόναν ὄψιν,'

'Lord, wash my sin, and not my face only.'"--_Life of Christ_,

part i. sect. 9. disc. 6., "On Baptism," vol. ii. p. 235.,

Eden's edition.

Can any reader of "N. & Q." state the bishop's authority for this

ingenious device?

A. TAYLOR.

_Acharis._--The following is extracted from Dugdale's _Monasticon_:

"Radulphus Wicliff armiger tenet in Wicliff duas partes

decimarum de dominicis quondam _Acharis_, quondam ad 5. s.

modò nihil quia ut dicit sunt inclusæ in parco suo, ideo ad

consilium."

What is the meaning of the term _Acharis_, and of the passage? It is an

extract from the _Rentale spiritualium Possessionum atque temporalium

Prioratus Sancti Martini juxta Richmund in agro Eboracensi_.

A. W. H.

_Attainment of Majority._--Professor DE MORGAN will, I am sure, permit me

to put this question to him:

In a short treatise "On Ancient and Modern Usage in Reckoning," written

by him for the _Companion to the Almanac_ of 1850, he explains, at page

9., the usage of attainment of majority in these words:

"Nevertheless in the law, which here preserves _the old

reckoning_, he is of full age on the 9th: though he were born

on the 10th, he is of age to execute a settlement _a minute

after midnight_ on the morning of the 9th."

I want to have this statement reconciled with the opening scene of Ben

Jonson's _Staple of News_, where Pennyboy jun. counts, as his watch

strikes--"one, two, three, four, five, six!"--

"Enough, enough, dear watch,

Thy pulse hath beat enough

--The hour is come so long expected," &c.

Then "the fashioner" comes in to fit on the heir's new clothes; he had

"waited below 'till the clock struck," and gives, as an excuse, "your

worship might have pleaded _nonage_, if you had got 'em on ere I could

make just affidavit of the time."

All these particulars are too _verbatim_ to admit of doubt as to the

peculiar usage of that time; and from other sources I know that Ben

Jonson was right: but it is not alluded to in the treatise first

mentioned, nor is it stated when the usage was altered to "a minute after

midnight."

A. E. B.

Leeds.

_Hartman's Account of Waterloo._--In the note to the 3rd Canto of _Childe

Harold_, Stanza 29, Lord Byron says:

"The place where Major Howard fell was not far from two tall

and solitary trees, which stand a few yards from each other at

a pathway's side. Beneath these he died and was buried. The

body has since been removed to England."

I have a copy on which one has written--

"Hartman's account is full and interesting. He was in

conversation with Major Howard when he was killed; and

afterwards gave directions for his burial. Though no poet, he

could describe graphically what he saw and did."

The position of Hartman, and his apparent familiarity with Major Howard,

seem to take him out of the herd of writers on Waterloo; but I cannot

learn who he was, or what he wrote. Can any of your readers tell me? The

note may have been made in mere wantonness, but it looks genuine.

G. D.

_Henry Chicheley, Archbishop of Canterbury._--When was Henry Chicheley,

Archbishop of Canterbury, born; who, Camden tells us, was the "greatest

ornament" of Higham Ferrers? I have seen his birth somewhere stated to

have taken place in the year 1360; but no day or month was given. I

should also be glad to know to what extent he was a contributor towards

the restoration of Croydon Church, the tower and porch of which bear his

arms?

R. W. ELLIOT.

_Translation of Athenæus._--I find, in the _Classical Journal_, xxxviii.

11., published in 1828, that an English translation of Athenæus had been

completed before his death by R. Fenton, Esq., F.R.S., author of the

_History of Pembrokeshire_. The writer farther says: "We have reason to

believe that the MS. is now in possession of his son, the Rev. S. Fenton,

Vicar of Fishguard in Pembrokeshire." Has this version, or any part of

it, ever been published?

P. J. F. GANTILLON, B.A.

_Passages from Euripides._--Rogers translates two fine passages from

Euripides:

"There is a streamlet issuing from a rock," &c.

and

"Dear is that valley to the murmuring bees," &c.

Where is the original Greek to be found?

_Anderson's Royal Genealogies._--Is there any memoir or biographical

account extant of James Anderson, D.D., the learned compiler of that most

excellent and valuable work bearing the above title, and published in

London, 1732, fol.?

{199}

Minor Queries with Answers.

_Louis le Hutin._--When or for what reason was the _sobriquet_ "Hutin"

attached to Louis X. of France? And what is the meaning of "Hutin?"

F. S. A.

[_Hutin_ is defined by Roquefort, _brusque_, _emporté_, _querelleur_,

from the Low Latin _Hutinus_; and in illustrating the word he furnishes

the following reply to our correspondent's Query: "Mezerai rapporte que

Louis X. fut surnommé _Hutin_, parceque, dès son enfance, il aimait à

quereller et à se battre, et que ce surnom fut lui donné par allusion

à un petit maillet dont se servent les tonneliers, appelé _hutinet_,

parce-qu'il fait beaucoup de bruit."]

* * * * *

Replies.

BEE-PARK--BEE-HALL.

(Vol. v., pp. 322. 498.)

Enjoying as we do the advantages of the extension of scientific

knowledge, and its application to our routine of daily wants, we are

apt to forget that our forefathers were without many things we deem

essentials. Your correspondents C. W. G. and B. B. have touched upon a

curious feature of antiquity, which science and commerce have rendered

obsolete. Yet, before the introduction of sugar, bees were important

ministers to the luxuries of the great, as mentioned at the above-cited

pages. I was struck with the following passage in the first forest

charter of King Henry III.:

"Every freeman ... shall likewise have the honey which shall be

found in his woods."

This, in a charter second only in importance, perhaps, to Magna Charta

itself, sounds strange to our ideas; moderns would not think it a very

royal boon. But the note with which Mr. R. Thomson (_Historical Essay

on the Magna Charta of King John_, p. 352.) illustrates this passage is

interesting, and, though rather long, may be worth insertion in your

columns:

Notes and Queries, Number 200, August 27, 1853 A Medium of Inter-communication for Literary Men, Artists, Antiquaries, Geneologists, etc. · 第 1 / 5 段