Bocconia Cordata.--Ornamental hardy perennials. They do best on a
loamy soil, and may be increased by suckers taken from established
plants in the summer and placed in rich soil; or by cuttings planted
in sand, in a gentle heat under glass; also by seed sown during the
autumn months. They appear to the greatest advantage when grown as
solitary plants, away from other tall-growing flowers. The variety B.
Frutescens has an exceedingly pretty foliage. August is the month in
which they flower. Height, 6 ft.
Bog or Marsh Land.--By planting a few of the more distinct species
adapted for such positions, bogs or marshes may be made interesting.
The following plants are suitable:--Arundo Donax, Bambusa Fortunei,
Cypripedium Spectabile, Dondia Epipactis, Drosera Rotundifolia,
Gunnera Scabra, Iris Kaempferi, Iris pseud-Acorus, Juncus Zebrinus,
Myosotis Palustris, Osmunda Regalis, Parnassia Palustris, Pinguicula
Vulgaris, Polygonum Sieboldi, and Sarracenia Purpurea.
Boltonia Asteroides.--This is a hardy perennial which flowers in
September. The same treatment that is given to Asters is suitable for
this plant. Height, 3 ft.
Bomarea.--A useful greenhouse climber, the flowers of which are
valuable for cutting, as they last a long time in water. It thrives
best in a mixture of sand, peat, and loam.
Borago Laxiflora.--This very choice Boragewort is a trailing hardy
biennial. It produces lovely pale pendent flowers from June to
August, will grow in almost any soil, and can be increased by seed or
division. Height, 1 ft.
Borecole, Kale, or Curled Greens.--Sow towards the end of March or
early in April. Plant out as soon as ready in moderately rich soil in
rows 3 ft. apart, and the plants 2 ft. apart in the rows. If the seed
is sown thickly, the young plants must be pricked off into another bed
until ready for planting, as strong, sturdy plants always produce the
best results. They may succeed peas without any fresh manure.
Boronias.--Greenhouse evergreen shrubs. A single plant of B.
Megastigma is sufficient to perfume a good-sized house. B. Drummondi,
Elatior, Heterophylla, and Serrulata are all good plants. The pots
should be filled with sandy peat and be well drained. They are
propagated by cuttings taken at a joint and placed under glass. May is
their flowering month. Height, 2 ft.
Bougainvillea.--A greenhouse evergreen climber, thriving best in a
loamy soil. It flowers in June, and may be increased by cuttings.
Height, 15 ft.
Bousingaultia Basselloides.--A rapidly growing climber, beautiful both
in flower and foliage, the former of which is pure white, produced in
July in elegant racemes from 6 in. to 8 in. long. It is nearly hardy;
very suitable for a cool greenhouse. Any garden soil suits it. Height,
6 ft.
Bouvardias.--Favourite stove plants. They are propagated by pieces of
the thick fleshy roots, about 2 in. long, inserted in light, rich,
sandy soil, and plunged in a bottom-heat. Plant out in May in rich,
light soil, cutting back all the over-vigorous growth, so as to form a
well-balanced plant. At the approach of cold weather they may be taken
up and potted off, using small pots to prevent them damping off. In a
warm greenhouse they will flower all the winter.
Box Edging.--A deep loam suits the box best. Cuttings should be taken
early in autumn. Dig a trench, and make the bottom firm and even. Set
the young plants thinly and at regular intervals, leaving the tops 1
in. above the surface. Tread the soil firmly against them. Cover with
1 in. of gravel to prevent them growing too luxuriantly. The end of
June is a good time for clipping. May be transplanted early in spring
or late in autumn. (_See also_ "Buxus.")
Brachycome (_Swan River Daisy_).--Beautiful little half-hardy annuals
bearing cineraria-like flowers that open well in the border in summer.
If well watered in autumn and removed to the greenhouse they will
continue to bloom during early winter. Sow the seed as for ordinary
half-hardy annuals in rich, light mould, covering them sparingly.
Bloom in May. Height, 6 in.
Bravoa Geminiflora (_Twin Flower_).--This hardy bulbous plant bears
lovely racemes of coral-coloured flowers in July. A rich loam suits it
best. Height, 1 ft.
Briza (_Quaking Grass_).--There are several varieties of this
ornamental hardy annual grass. Briza Gracillis is slender, and very
pretty both in a green and dried state. Briza Maxima bears large
and handsome panicles. Each variety should be sown in pots, or on a
sheltered bed out of doors, early in spring. Height, 1 ft.
Broccoli.--Requires a heavy, deep, rich soil, and liquid manure during
growth. For earliest crop sow thinly in beds early in March, giving a
little protection if necessary. Successional sowings should be made to
the end of June, to produce a constant supply till Cauliflowers are
ready. Transplant, when large enough to handle, about 2 ft. from each
other. Keep the ground free from weeds, and earth the plants up as
they advance in growth. Sow Purple Sprouting Broccoli in May for late
spring supplies.
Brodiaea Coccinea.--Handsome plants for rock-work or the border. On a
dry, light, sandy soil, with plenty of sunshine, their gorgeous spikes
of brilliant scarlet flowers are very attractive in May. The bulbs may
be planted in November, and left undisturbed.
Broom.--Hardy shrubs thriving in almost any soil. Cuttings will
strike if planted in sand under glass. (_See also_ "Genista" _and_
"Spartium.")
Broussonetia Papyrifera.--A very effective deciduous shrub, with
large, curiously-cut leaves. It likes an open soil, and is propagated
by cuttings. February is its blooming time. Height, 12 ft.
Browallia.--Very handsome half-hardy annuals; will grow readily from
seed in any garden soil, but prefer a sandy one. They bloom in July.
Height, 2 ft.
Brussels Sprouts.--For a first crop sow early in March, and in April
for succession. Transplant as soon as ready into deeply-trenched,
well-manured soil, about 2 ft. apart. Hoe well, and keep clear from
weeds. For exhibition and early use sow in a greenhouse, or in a frame
over a gentle hotbed, about the middle of February; prick off into a
cold frame, gradually harden off, and plant out in May.
Bryanthus Erectus.--A hardy evergreen shrub, which will grow in any
soil if the situation is shady and damp. It thrives without any
sunshine, but will not endure the constant dropping of moisture upon
its leaves from trees. Cuttings strike readily. April is its flowering
time. Height, 1 ft.
Budding.--Budding consists in raising an eye or bud from one part of
a bush or tree and transplanting it to another part, or to any other
plant of the same species. The process is not only more simple and
rapid than that of grafting, but many leading nurserymen contend that
a better union is effected, without the risk of dead wood being left
at the junction. It may be performed at any time from June to August,
cloudy days being most suitable, as the buds unite better in wet
weather. It is chiefly employed on young trees having a smooth and
tender bark. Of the various systems of budding, that known as the
Shield is probably the most successful. Make a small horizontal cut
in the bark of the stock, and also a vertical one about an inch long,
thus forming an elongated T shape. Next select a branch of the current
year's growth on which there is a well-formed leaf-bud. Pass a sharp
knife 1/2 in. above the bud and the same distance below it, taking
about a third of the wood with the bud. If in the process of detaching
it the interior of the bud is torn away it is useless, and a fresh bud
must be taken. Now hold the bud in the mouth, and with as little delay
as possible raise the bark of the stock with a knife, insert the bud,
and bind it on with raffia. When the bud begins to grow the binding
must be loosened. To prevent the shoots being torn away by the wind a
stake may be tied on to the stock, and the new shoot secured to it by
means of raffia. Fruit trees are sometimes budded close to the soil on
stocks 1-1/2 ft. in height. The buds are rubbed off the stock as soon
as they appear, but the stock is not cut away until the following
spring.
Buddlea.--Half-hardy, tall, deciduous greenhouse shrubs, delighting in
a loamy soil mixed with peat. They may be grown out of doors during
the summer, but need the protection of a house in winter.
Bugloss (_Anchusa_).--This showy plant, bearing large blue flowers in
June, may be increased by division of the roots into as many plants as
there are heads, from slips, or from seed sown in the open border in
spring. It is popularly known as Ox-Tongue.
Bulbocodium Trigynum (_Colchicum Caucasium_).--A miniature hardy
bulbous plant, which produces in February and March erect flowers
about the size of snowdrops. Set the bulbs in sandy loam or
leaf-mould, choosing a sunny situation. The bulbs may be divided every
other year. Height, 2 in.
Bulbocodium Vernum (_Spring Saffron_).--This bulb produces early in
spring, and preceding the foliage, a mass of rose-purple flowers close
to the ground. It is perfectly hardy, and valuable for edgings
or rock-work. Plant in autumn in light vegetable mould, and in a
sheltered, well-drained position. It will not grow in stiff, clay
soil. The bulbs may be divided every two years, after the tops have
died down. This dwarf plant flowers from January to March. Height, 6
in.
Buphthalmum Salicifolium (_Deep Golden-yellow Marguerite_).--Showy
and ornamental hardy perennials. They will grow in any good soil, and
flower from May to September; may be increased by suckers. Height,
1-1/2 ft.