_THE MEDIAN WAR--THE LAST NATIVE DYNASTIES OF EGYPT--THE EASTERN WORLD
ON THE EVE OP THE MACEDONIAN CONQUEST._
_The Persians in 512 B.C.--European Greece and the dangers which its
independence presented to the safety of the empire--The preliminaries
of the Median wars: the Scythian expedition, the conquest of Thrace and
Macedonia--The Ionic revolt, the intervention of Athens and the taking
of Sardes; the battle of Lade--Mardonius in Thrace and in Macedonia._
_The Median wars--The expedition of Datis and Artaphernes: the taking
of Eretria, the battle of Marathon (490)--The revolt of Egypt under
Khabbisha; the death of Darius and the accession of Xerxes I.--The
revolt of Babylon under Shamasherïb--The invasion of Greece: Artemision,
Thermopylæ, the taking of Athens, Salamis--Platsæ and the final retreat
of the Persians: Mycalê--The war carried on by the Athenians and the
league of Delos: Inaros, the campaigns in Cyprus and Egypt, the peace of
Oallias--The death of Xerxes._
_Artaxerxes I. (465-424): the revolt of Megabyzos--The palaces of
Pasargadæ. Persepolis, and Susa; Persian architecture and sculpture;
court life, the king and his harem--Revolutions in the palace--Xerxes
I., Sekudianos, Darius II.--Intervention in Greek affairs and the
convention of Miletus; the end of the peace of Gallias--Artaxerxes II.
(404-359) and Gyrus the Younger: the battle of Kunaxa and the retreat of
the ten thousand (401)._
_Troubles in Asia Minor, Syria, and Egypt--Amyrtxus and the XXVIIIth
Saite dynasty--The XXIXth Sebennytic dynasty--Nephorites I, Hakoris,
Psammutis, their alliances with Evagoras and with the states of
Continental Greece--The XXXth Mendesian dynasty--Nectanebo I, Tachôs
and the invasion of Syria, the revolt of Nectanebo II.--The death of
Artaxerxes II.--The accession of Ochus (359 B.C.), his unfortunate wars
in the Delta, the conquest of Egypt (342) and the reconstitution of the
empire._
_The Eastern world: Elam, Urartu, the Syrian kingdoms, the ancient
Semitic states decayed and decaying--Babylon in its decline--The Jewish
state and its miseries--Nehemiah, Ezra--Egypt in the eyes of the Greeks:
Sais, the Delta, the inhabitants of the marshes--Memphis, its monuments,
its population--Travels in Upper Egypt: the Fayum, Khemmis, Thebes,
Elephantine--The apparent vigour and actual feebleness of Egypt._
_Persia and its powerlessness to resist attack: the rise of Macedonia,
Philippi --Arses (337) and Darius Codomannos (336)--Alexander the
Great--The invasion of Asia--The battle of Granicus and the conquest
of the Asianic peninsula--Issus, the siege of Tyre and of Gaza, the
conquest of Egypt, the foundation of Alexandria--Arbela: the conquest
of Babylon, Susa, and Ecbatana--The death of Darius and the last days of
the old Eastern world._
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