_Water Lilly_, with yellow Flowers, the _Indians_ Eat the Roots,
which are long a boiling, they tast like the Liver of a Sheep, the
_Moose Deer_ feed much upon them, at which time the _Indians_ kill
them, when their heads are under water.[138]
_Dragons_, their leaves differ from all the kinds with us, they come
up in _June_.[139]
_Violets_ of three kinds, the White Violet which is sweet, but not so
strong as our Blew Violets; Blew Violets without sent, and a Reddish
Violet without sent; they do not blow till _June_.[140]
{45} _For swell’d Legs._
_Wood-bine_, good for hot swellings of the Legs, fomenting
with the decoction, and applying the _Feces_ in the form of a
_Cataplasme_.[141]
_Salomons-Seal_, of which there is three kinds; the first common
in _England_, the second, _Virginia Salomons-Seal_, and the third,
differing from both, is called _Treacle Berries_, having the perfect
tast of Treacle when they are ripe; and will keep good along while;
certainly a very wholsome Berry, and medicinable.[142]
_Doves-Foot._[143]
_Herb Robert._[143]
_Knobby Cranes Bill._[143]
_For Agues._
_Ravens-Claw_, which flowers in _May_, and is admirable for
Agues.[143]
_Cinkfoil._[144]
_Tormentile._[144]
_Avens_, with the leaf of _Mountane-Avens_, the flower and root of
_English Avens_.[145]
_Strawberries._[146]
_Wild Angelica_, _majoris_ and _minoris_.[147]
_Alexanders_, which grow upon Rocks by the Sea shore.[148]
{46} _Yarrow_, with the white Flower.[149]
_Columbines_, of a flesh colour, growing upon Rocks.[150]
_Oak of Hierusalem._[151]
_Achariston is an excellent Medicine for stopping of the Lungs upon
Cold, Ptisick_, &c.
_Oak of Cappadocia_, both much of a nature, but Oak of _Hierusalem_
is stronger in operation; excellent for stuffing of the Lungs upon
Colds, shortness of Wind, and the Ptisick; maladies that the Natives
are often troubled with: I helped several of the _Indians_ with a
Drink made of two Gallons of _Molosses wort_, (for in that part of
the Country where I abode, we made our Beer of Molosses, Water, Bran,
chips of _Sassafras_ Root, and a little Wormwood, well boiled,) into
which I put of Oak of _Hierusalem_, Cat-mint, Sowthistle, of each one
handful, of _Enula Campana_ Root one Ounce, Liquorice scrap’d brused
and cut in pieces, one Ounce, Sassafras Root cut into thin chips, one
Ounce, Anny-seed and sweet Fennel-seed, of each one Spoonful bruised;
boil these in a close Pot, upon a soft Fire to the consumption of one
Gallon, then take it off, and strein it gently; you may if you will
{47} boil the streined liquor with Sugar to a Syrup, then when it is
Cold, put it up into Glass Bottles, and take thereof three or four
spoonfuls at a time, letting it run down your throat as leasurely as
possibly you can; do thus in the morning, in the Afternoon, and at
Night going to Bed.
_Goose-Grass_, or _Clivers_.[152]
_Fearn._[153]
_Brakes._[153]
_Wood sorrel_, with the yellow flower.[154]
_Elm._[155]
_Line Tree_, both kinds.[156]
_A way to draw out Oyl of Akrons, or the like_, &c.
_Maple_; of the Ashes of this Tree the _Indians_ make a lye, with
which they force out Oyl from Oak Akorns that is highly esteemed by
the _Indians_.[157]
_Dew-Grass._[158]
_Earth-Nut_, which are of divers kinds, one bearing very beautiful
Flowers.[159]
_Fuss-Balls_, very large.[160]
_Mushrooms_, some long and no bigger than ones finger, others jagged
flat, round, none like our great Mushrooms in _England_, of these
some are of a Scarlet colour, others a deep Yellow, _&c._[160]
{48} Blew flowered _Pimpernel_.[161]
Noble _Liver-wort_, one sort with white flowers, the other with
blew.[162]
_Black-Berry._[163]
_Dew-Berry._
_Rasp-Berry_, here called _Mul-berry_.
_Goose-Berries_, of a deep red Colour.[164]
_Haw-thorn_, the Haws being as big as Services, and very good to eat,
and not so astringent as the Haws in _England_.[165]
_Toad flax._[166]
_Pellamount_, or Mountain time.[167]
_Mouse-ear Minor._[168]
_The making of Oyl of Akrons. To strengthen weak Members. For
Scall’d-heads._
There is _Oak_ of three kinds, white, red and black, the white is
excellent to make Canoes of, Shallopes, Ships, and other Vessels
for the Sea, and for Claw-board, and Pipe-staves, the black is good
to make Waynscot of; and out of the white Oak Acorns, (which is the
Acorn Bears delight to feed upon): The Natives draw an Oyl, taking
the rottenest Maple Wood, which being burnt to ashes, they make
a strong Lye therewith, wherein they boyl their white Oak-Acorns
until the Oyl swim on the top in great quantity; this {49} they
fleet off, and put into bladders to annoint their naked Limbs, which
corrobarates them exceedingly; they eat it likewise with their Meat,
it is an excellent clear and sweet Oyl: Of the Moss that grows at
the roots of the white Oak the _Indesses_ make a strong decoction,
with which they help their _Papouses_ or young Childrens scall’d
Heads.[169]
_Juniper_, which _Cardanus_ saith is Cedar in hot Countries, and
Juniper in cold Countries; it is hear very dwarfish and shrubby,
growing for the most part by the Sea side.[170]
_Willow._[171]
_Spurge Lawrel_, called here _Poyson berry_, it kills the _English_
Cattle if they chance to feed upon it, especially Calves.[172]
_Gaul_, or noble Mirtle.[173]
_Elder._[174]
_Dwarf Elder._[175]
_For a Cut with a Bruse._
_Alder_; An _Indian_ Bruising and Cutting of his Knee with a fall,
used no other remedy, than Alder Bark, chewed fasting, and laid to
it, which did soon heal it.[176]
_To take Fire out of a Burn._
The decoction is also excellent to take {50} the Fire out of a Burn
or Scalld.
_For Wounds and Cuts._
For Wounds and Cuts make a strong decoction of Bark of Alder, pour of
it into the Wound, and drink thereof.
_Hasel._[177]
_For sore Mouths, falling of the Pallat._
_Filberd_, both with hairy husks upon the Nuts, and setting hollow
from the Nut, and fill’d with a kind of water of an astringent taste;
it is very good for sore Mouths, and falling of the Pallat, as is the
whole green Nut before it comes to Kernel, burnt and pulverized. The
Kernels are seldom without maggots in them.[177]
[Illustration: _The Figure of the Walnut._]
_Walnut_; the Nuts differ much from ours in _Europe_, they being
smooth, much like a Nutmeg in shape, and not much bigger; some three
cornered, all of them but thinly replenished with Kernels.[178]
{51} _Chestnuts_; very sweet in taste, and may be (as they usually
are) eaten raw; the _Indians_ sell them to the _English_ for twelve
pence the bushel.[179]
_Beech._[180]
_Ash._[181]
_Quick-beam_, or _Wild-Ash_.[182]
_Coals of Birch pulverized and wrought with the white of an Egg to
a Salve, is a gallant Remedy for dry scurfy Sores upon the Shins;
and for Bruised Wounds and Cuts._
_Birch_, white and black; the bark of Birch is used by the _Indians_
for bruised Wounds and Cuts, boyled very tender, and stampt betwixt
two stones to a Plaister, and the decoction thereof poured into the
Wound; And also to fetch the Fire out of Burns and Scalds.[183]
_Poplar_, but differing in leaf.[184]
_Plumb Tree_, several kinds, bearing some long, round, white, yellow,
red, and black Plums; all differing in their Fruit from those in
_England_.[185]
_Wild Purcelane._[186]
_Wood-wax_, wherewith they dye many pretty Colours.[187]