divided by colons or semi-colons, may be separated into two or more
parts by periods. The second part will begin with _for_, _therefore_,
_and_, _as_, or some other introductory word. [This dividing up of
long sentences must be sparingly practised.]
Use brackets, and not parentheses, when, in a quotation, you wish
to insert words improperly omitted by the author, or when you wish
to explain something, or to correct an error in your own writing.
[In the last two cases parentheses may be employed, but brackets are
preferable.] So: “The man [Mr. Jones] was very rich.” [When brackets
are thus used in a quotation, additional quotation marks are not
required after the word preceding, and before the word following, the
brackets.]
When both brackets and parentheses are employed, the brackets enclose
the parentheses: [(--)].
Parentheses, brackets and dashes do not affect the ordinary
punctuation of the sentence; _i.e._, the points which would be
required in the rest of the sentence if the parentheses, brackets, or
dashes, were omitted, are still used.
A punctuation mark may be used _before_, but not after, a dash.
Mark with an interrogation point a question expressed in the form of
an assertion: _e.g._; “I suppose, Sir, you are his physician?”
The plurals of _two_, _three_, &c., are written without the
apostrophe: _twos_, _threes_, &c. [Written as figures, these words
will have the apostrophe: 2’s, 3’s, &c.]
A hyphen is used between two substantives expressing a compound
idea, when the second substantive has lost or changed its accent.
Thus: _ship-builder_, _iron-worker_; but _master builder_, _lord
chancellor_. The omission of the hyphen may cause confusion when the
compound expression is qualified by an adjective or an adjectival
phrase. _E.g._: “A large mill owner,” may be taken to mean, _the owner
of a large mill_, instead of, _an extensive owner of mills_, some of
which may be small. If the former sense is intended, say, “An owner
of a large mill [_or_, of large mills].” If the latter, say, “An
extensive [_or_, important] owner of mills;” or else use a hyphen: “A
large mill-owner.”
A hyphen is used between an adjective and its noun when the two, taken
together, form a compound adjective. _E.g._: “High-church principles.”
[A similar remark may be made of adjectives, one qualifying the other,
as: _a red-hot poker_; also of an adjective (or an adverb) qualifying
a participle used as an adjective, when the compound expression
precedes the noun, as: a _slow-sailing vessel_. When it follows the
noun, the hyphen is not required; as in: “A vessel slow (_or_, slowly)
sailing o’er the sea.” In the latter case, the participle cannot be
said to be used as an adjective.]
In writing, it is better to divide syllables according to sound than
according to derivation. _E.g._: Epiph-any, pref-ace.
When a quotation contains several paragraphs, inverted commas should
be used at the beginning of each paragraph, but the apostrophes should
be omitted after all the paragraphs except the last one. The same rule
will apply to several stanzas of poetry in one quotation. When the
poetical quotation consists of verses not separated into stanzas, some
writers use inverted commas before each line. This is unnecessary:
inverted commas before the first line, and apostrophes after the last,
being sufficient.
Do not write the plural of proper names with an apostrophe. Write: “I
have seen the Smiths” [not, _Smith’s_]. “I know the three Marys” [not,
_Mary’s_].
INDEX
Apparent, 1
Anticipate, 1
All of them, 1
Analyse, 1
Ale, 1
Accord, 1
Accident, 1
Aggravate, 2
Alternation, 2
Alternative, 2
Antiquarian, 2
Abortive, 2
Adopted, 2
Antecedents, 2
Appreciate, 2
At auction, 3
Accompanied, by 3
Anniversary, 3
Affable, 3
Alike, 3
Afraid, 3
Admit, 3
Allude, 3
Around, 3
Avoided, 4
All over, 4
Above, 4
At best, at most, at least, 4
Auxiliary verbs alone, 7
Advisable, 8
Anxiety of mind, 10
Ascend up, 13
Among the others, the rest, 22
Apposition, 34
Any, 34
Auxiliary verb omitted, 34
Adverb with compound auxiliary verb, 34
Although, with the subjunctive mood, 36
As follows, 37
Awkward constructions, 38, 48
Adjective for adverb, 39
Article with appositive nouns, 40
Article with titles, names, 40
Article (definite), repetition of, 40, 41
Article (indefinite) after _no greater_, 42
Adjectives and adverbs after intransitive verbs, 46
Antecedent to relative pronoun, repeated, 52
Advantage, 55
Also, 55
Ability, 56
Answer, 56
Amid, amidst, 56
Among, 56
Abandon, 56
Assist, 56
Aid, 56
Anger, 57
Accurate, 57
Authentic, 57
Admittance, 57
Admission, 57
Allow, 57
Appear, 58
Aware, 59
Accidental, 60
Acknowledge, 61
Address, 63
And so forth, 64
Almost, 70
Announce, 72
Alleviate, 74
Abjure, 74
Approve, 80
Agriculturist, 80
Aside, 80
Alone, 80
Arise, 80
Advance, 80
Acquaintanceship, 80
A day or two, a man or two, 84
Authoress, 84
Anyhow, 84
Anyway, 84
Accountable, 85
Answerable, 85
Antagonize, 85
Aborigene, 85
Both of them, 1
Both, 4
Balance, 4
Benefited, 4
Beat, 4
Bound, 4
By, 5
By the bye, 5
By-law, 5
Banister, 5
Bad cold, bad wound, 5
Badly, 5
Beg, 5
Between, 5
Bad orthography, orthoepy, caligraphy, 15
Bona fide, 28
Been to, 29
Brevity, 50
Benefit, 55
Bountiful, 58
Bravery, 58
Beneficent, beneficence, 58
Benevolent, benevolence, 58
Brevity, brief, 59
Blameless, 65
But, 65
Begin, 80
Become, 80
Believe, 80
Body, 80
Buy, 80
Backward, 81
Bit, a; not a bit, 85
Brackets, use of, 90, 91
Collect, 6
Commence, 6
Condone, 6
Climax, 6
Constantly, 6
Celebrity, 6
Consequence, 6
Capricious, 6
Claim, 6
Call upon, 6
Catch, 6
Consider, 7
Curious, 7
Caption, 7
Citizen, 7
Circumstance, 7
Couple, 7
Calibre, 7
Contention, 7
Contradistinction, 8
Can help, 14
Caligraphy, 15
Came near, 20
Collective nouns, 35
Conditional clause, place of, 48
Connective sentence, 54
Capacity, 56
Courage, 58
Concise, conciseness, 59
Continuous, 59, 72
Continual, 59, 72
Character, 59
Conscious, 59
Crime, 59
Courteous, 60
Catalogue, 60
Casual, 60
Compel, compulsion, 60
Coerce, coercion, 60
Confess, 61
Conjecture, 61
Con-, co-, 61
Complete, 61
Custom, 61
Cost, costly, 64
Consequence, 64
Concealed, 66
Cheap, 68
Completely, 70
Converse, 73
Contented, 75
Coffin, 80
Cannot but, 80
Come into collision, 81
Correct, 81
Converser, conversationist, 81
Controverter, controversionist, 81
Church, 81
Contend against, 81
Corpulent, 81
Confirmed invalid, 85
Cablegram, 85
Comma, use of, 88, 89
Colon, use of, 90
Cardinal numbers, plurals of, 91
Dilemma, 7
Distinction, 8
Desirable, 8
Demean, 8
Description, 8
Detect, 8
Dangerous, 8
Deprecate, 8
Denuded, 8
Die with, 8
Directly, 9
Donate, 9
Dirt road, 9
Divine, 9
Depreciate, 9
Differ with, 9
Distance, 9
Differentiate, 9
Disdain, 27
Dare, 36
Do, 37
Double meanings, words with, 47
Doubtful parts of speech, 47
Different expressions for same thing, 53, 54
Descriptive writing, 54
Desert, 56
Discriminate, 62
Distinguish, 62
Despotism, 62
Determine, 62
Directed, 62
Deduction, 62
Direct, 63
Drive, 63
Diligent, diligence, 67
Delusion, 67
Dumb, 70
Due, 71
Deadly, 81
Dwell, 81
Diverse, 83
Down East, down South, 85
Desirability, 85
Direful, 85
Defalcate, defalcation, 85
Desiderate, 85
Deceased, 85
Dash, use of, 91
Essay, 6
Expect, 9
Ever so many, 10
Equally as well as, 10
Equanimity of mind, 10
Every, 10
Executed, 10
Enact, 10
Endorse, 10
Embrace, 10
Empty, 10
Experiment, try an, 11
Every hand, 11
Either, 11
Else, 11
Exemplary, 11
Experience, 11
Excessively, 11
Effluviums, effluviae, 11
Each, 23
Every, 23
Emphatic words, place of, 49
Emphasis, 49
Exact, 57
Evidence, 63
Epidemic, 63
Endemic, 63
Expense, expensive, 64
Effect, 64
Eternal, 64
Everlasting, 64
Etc., 64
Error, 70
Entirely, 70
Enough, 76
Entire, 78
Earth, 79
Exponental, 81
Earthen, 81
Enlarge on, upon, 81
Every once in a while, 85
Electropathy, 85
Effectuate, 85
Enjoy oneself, 85
Eventuate, 85
Environment, 86
Emasculate, 86
Few, a few, 11
Fault, at; in, 12
Faithfully promise, 12
Future, 12
Fetch, 12
Forbid, 12, 81
Ful [adjectives ending in], 12
Female, 13
Fall down, 13
Fix, 13
Fly, 13
Foreign adjectives, 13
First person preferred to third, 47
Force in construction, 48, 49, 50
Figures of speech, 53
Forsake, 56
Fortuitous, 60
Finished, 61
Ferment, 64
Foment, 64
Faultless, 65
Falsehood, 65
Falsity, 65
Further, 65
Farther, 65
Fleeting, 77
Foregoing, 81
Factory, 81
Forward, 81
Good bye, 5
Graphic, 13
Going to, 13
Grow, 13
Grow small, 13
Get to, 13
Gubernatorial, 13
Gratuitous, 13
Gerundial infinitive, 32
Gerundial noun, 42
Genuine, 57
Guided, 62
Goodness, 65
Globe, 79
Golden, 81
Graceful, 81
Go ahead, 86
Got, 86
Humanitarian, 14
Hardly, 14
Help-meet, 14
High calibre, 14
Higher stage of perfection, 15
Highest, 17
Hereabouts, 28
Habit, 61
However, 65
Hidden, 66
Haste, 66
Hurry, 66
Hindrance, 66
Hardly, 70
Humor, 79
Heavy, 81
Hebrew, 81
House, 81
Hydropathy, 85
Help, 14, 86
Hyphen, use of, 91, 92
If, 15, 16
Invest, 15
Incorrect orthography, orthoepy, caligraphy, 15
Individual, 15
Infallible, 15
Inaugurate, 16
Implicit, 16
In six months, a year, 16
Illy, 16
Identified with, 16
Interested in, 17
In so far as, 17
Infinitive mood used absolutely, 36
If, with the subjunctive mood, 36
I, your brother, who begs, 38
Infinitive with to, 43
It, antecedent of, 46
It, prospective use of, 47
Imperative mood, 50
Infinitive expressing a purpose, 51
Introductory expressions, 54
Induction, 62
In spite of, 65
Impediment, 66
Informed, 66
Instructed, 66
Indecent, 67
Immodest, 67
Instant, 67
Industrious, industry, 67
Import, 67
Illusion, 67
In- [prefix], 68
Inexorable, 68
Inflexible, 68
Idle, 69
Intent, intention, 72
Indigence, 72
Immodest, immodesty, 78
Incorrect, 82
Iced-water, iced-cream, 82
Inform, 82
Ignore, 86
Impute, 86
Interrogation mark, use of, 91
Just going to, 13
Journal, 17
Jewelry, 17
Join issue, 66
Jar, 68
Jug, 68
Knight Templar, 17
Kinsman, kinswoman, 82
Lowest, 17
Left it alone, 17
Lit, 17
Leave, 18
Lay, 18
Limited, 18
Loan, 18
Loud, 18
Length, at, 18
Like, 38
Lesser, 46
Likewise, 55
List, 60
Low-priced, 68
Lazy, 69
Laudable, 69
Last, 69
Latest, 69
Leave, 69
Language, 77
Loquacious, 78
Live, 81
Last two weeks, last six months, 82
Lenity, 82
Land, 82
Leading article, leader, 82
Lengthwise, 82
Lose oneself, 86
Line of goods, 86
Lots, 86
Less guilty, least guilty, 86
Myself, 18
Masses, 18
More of, 19
Mistaken, 19
Miasma, 19
Make, 19
Multitude, nouns of, 35
Mathematics, 35
Metaphysics, 35
Minimizing expressions, 49
Monotonous final emphasis, 50
Metaphors, 50
Mistake of subject, 53
Moment, 67
Meaning, 67
Malice, 69
Marital, 70
Matrimonial, 70
Mistake, 70
Mute, 70
Merely, 70
Meed, 73
Mitigate, 74
Morrow, the, 82
Months, the, 82
Much, 82
Muscular, 82
Malaprop, 86
More guilty, most guilty, 86
Neither, 11
No good, no use, 14
Novitiate, 19
Name, 19
No one, 19
No--or, 19
Not as, 20
No--no--are, 20
Nasty, 20
Never remember, 20
Next Sunday, 20
Never, 20
Not think, 20
Nothing like so, 20
Near, 20
New beginners, 21
Nobody’s else, 33
Not--or, 33, 34
None, 34
Need, 36
Not only--but also, 38
New construction, 54
Notwithstanding, 65
Nevertheless, 65
Nearly, 70
Neglectful, 71
Negligent, 71
Necessitate, 86
One of the greatest, if not the greatest, 14
Orthography, 15
Orthoepy, 15
On the street, 21
Old news, 21
One, one’s, ones, 21, 22
Over and above, 21
Over his signature, 21
Observe, 21
Ovation, 21
Other than, 21
Old veterans, 21
Omission of present participle, 50
One and only one subject of thought, 54
Object place of, 49
Obstacle,66
Owing, 71
On, 71
Obstinate, 76
Origin, 77
Oppose, 81
One to another, 82
Oneself, 83
Oversee, 83
Offensive, 83
Ordinal numbers, 83
Opine, 86
Out West, 86
Out of, 86
Paralyse, 1
Proposition, 22
Pocket-hand-kerchief, 22
Pretend, 22
Preposterous, 22
Previous, 22
Partially, 22
People, 23
Plural forms, 23
Privilege, 23
Present participle, 23, 50
Plastic, 23
Pell-mell, 24
Providing, 24
Presume, 24
Period, 24
Persuaded, 24
Partake, 24
Per, 24
Past tense, 24
Point of view, 27
Prefer to walk to ride, 29
Position of adverbs, prepositions, conjunctions, 32
Position of _of_, _both_, _even_, 33
Possessive case, 34
Physics, 35
Participle used absolutely, 36
Preposition, sentence ending with, 47, 50
Particular terms for general, 48
Participial phrase, place of, 48
Pronouns at end of proposition, 50
Participial constructions, 51
Pronouns, agreement of, in metaphorical language, 53
Permit, 57
Plentiful, 58
Polite, 60
Polished, 60
Pitcher, 68
Praiseworthy, 69
Perspicacity, perspicacious, 71
Perspicuous, perspicuity, 71
Perpetually, perpetual, 72
Proclaim, 72
Purpose, 72
Poverty, 72
Pauperism, 72
Piety, 74
Powerful, 76
Poetess, 84
Ponder over, 87
Practitioner, 87
Presidential, 87
Proven, 87
Particle, a; not a particle, 87
Period, use of, 90
Parentheses, use of, 91
Proper names, plurals of, 92
Quite, 24
Quarter to ten, 28
Question, for emphasis, 50
Quit, 69
Quotation marks, use of, 92
Refer, 3
Rise up, 13
Reflexive pronouns, 13
Replace, 25
Right, 25
Rarely, 25
Recommend, 25
Rendition, 25
Reverend, 25
Road takes, 25
Remit, 25
Repetition of subject 39, 50
Relative pronoun, 43, 44, 45, 46, 52
Repetition of preposition, 51
Repetition of sign of the infinitive, 51
Repetition of subordinate conjunctions, 51
Relative clause, 52
Repetition of meaning, 54
Reply, 56
Reputation, 59
Resolve, 62
Ride, 63
Result, 64
Reticence, reticent, 73
Reserve, reserved, 73
Reverse, 73
Recompense, 73
Reward, 73
Robbery, 74
Remember, 74
Recollect, 74
Religion, 74
Relieve, 74
Recant, 74
Rend, 74
Rich, 83
Railway, 83
Rostrum, 87
Rehabilitate, 87
Recuperate, 87
Right off, 87
Right away, 87
Reliable, 87
Repudiate, 87
Sugar, 1
Sink down, 13
Subsequent, 22
Scarce, 25
Species, 25
Shall have the pleasure, 25
Seldom or ever, 26
Spare, 26
Sensation, 26
Since, 26
So much so, 26
Summons, 26
Such another, 26
Superior, 26
Supposititious, 26
Settle, 26
Such, 26
Storms, 26
Splendid, 27
Summer’s Morning, 27
Strata, 27
Stand-point, 27
Sincere, 27
Scorn, 27
Small, 28
Statu quo, 28
Statics, 35
Subjunctive mood, 30, 36
Some, 37
Subject pronoun repeated, 39
Shall and will, 42, 43
Sentence, end of, 47
Suspense, 48
Subject, place of, 49
Short, “chippy” endings, 50
Synonyms, 54
Seem, 58
Sin, 59
Surmise, 61
Still, 65
Secret, 66
Sense, 67
Slothful, 69
Spite, 69
Simply, 70
Scarcely, 70
Sewerage, 75
Sewage, 75
Spontaneous, 75
Sociable, 75
Social, 75
Satisfied, 75
Sufficient, 76
Strong, 76
Stubborn, 76
Safety, 76
Security, 76
Subdue, 77
Subjugate, 77
Source, 77
Sidewise, 82
Seeming, 83
Self-same, 83
Say, 83
Station, 83
Sympathy, 83
Should rather, 84
Short words and phrases, 84
Spread, 87
Suicide, 87
Scientist, 87
Stump, 87
Seeming paradox, 87
Semi-colon, use of, 89
Syllabication, 92
Tea, 1, 29
Than, 4
Take some meat, dinner, 28
Taxes, 28
Though, 28
Thereabouts, 28
That far, much, many, 28
The more, 29
This seven years, 35
That [relative], 44, 45, 46
Than whom, 44
This sort, kind, way, manner, 47
There is, are, will be, 48
Twice, making statement, 54
Technical terms, 55
Tyranny, 62
Testimony, 63
Taught, 66
Take issue, 66
Theft, 74
Tear, 74
Tongue, 77
Transient, 77
Transitory, 77
Trivial, 77
Trifling, 77
Talkative, 78
Totally, 79
Toward, 81
Truthfulness, 83
Tangental, 83
Thus, 83
Tiresome, 87
That much, that little, 88
Unanimity of mind, 10
Underhanded, 29
Utter, 29
Ultimate, 29
Unemphatic word at end of proposition, 49
Usage, 61
Un- [prefix], 68
Upon, 71
Unexpressed, 83
Unaccountable, 85
Unanswerable, 85
Undesirability, 85
Unreliable, 87
Up North, 88
Valuable, 29
Very, 30
Vicinity, 30
Verb, number of, 41
Verbal clauses, 53
Valor, 58
Vice, 59
Virtue, 65
Voluntary, 75, 78
Vulgar, vulgarity, 78
Variance, at, 81
Violoncello, 83
Various, 83
Vacant, 83
Voice, 88
Whether, 11, 30
Wrong orthography, orthoepy, caligraphy, 15
Winter’s morning, 27
Whereabouts, 28
Whomsoever, 30
Where--to, 31
Witness, 31
What for, 31
Widow woman, 31
We, 31
Whether or no, 31
Whole of, 31
Winsome, 32
Worse, 32
Want, 32
Whether--or, 39
Will and shall, 42, 43
Who, which, that, 44, 45, 46
Word for phrase, 50
Wrath, 57
Willing, 78
Whole, 78
Wit, 79
World, 79
Wholly, 79
Wast, 84
Would rather, 84
With reference to, 84
Yesterday’s Times, 32
Yours &c., 32, 88
You, 38
Yet, 65
Zeugma, 53
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persons deceased since this manual first appeared.”--_Evening Post._
=CHINA.= TRAVELS AND INVESTIGATIONS IN THE MIDDLE KINGDOM. A Study of
Its Civilization and Possibilities. WITH A GLANCE AT JAPAN. By JAMES
HARRISON WILSON, late Major-General United States Volunteers, and
Brevet Major-General United States Army. 12mo. Cloth, $1.50.
=ROUNDABOUT TO MOSCOW.= AN EPICUREAN JOURNEY. By JOHN BELL BOUTON,
author of “Round the Block.” 12mo. Cloth, ornamented cover, Russian
title-page, 421 pages, $1.50.
“This genial book gives the first truly American view of the land of
Nihilists and Novelists. The author exposes and playfully ridicules
the current English misrepresentations of Russia. His epicurean
circuit for getting into and out of the empire includes nearly every
country of Europe. He keeps on the track of all the comforts and
luxuries required by American travelers. Tourists will find the
volume a boon companion. But it is no less designed to please those
who stay at home and travel only by book.”
=BRAZIL=: ITS CONDITION AND PROSPECTS. By C. C. ANDREWS,
ex-Consul-General to Brazil; formerly U. S. Minister to Norway and
Sweden. 12mo. Cloth, $1.50.
CONTENTS: Prefatory. Voyage to Brazil. Getting to Housekeeping.
Rio and its People. Life and Manners. The Emperor of Brazil.
Tijuca--Pedra Bonita. Situation, Resources, and Climate.
American-Brazilian Relations. A Trip into the Interior. Visit to
a Coffee-Plantation. Public Instruction. Local Administration.
Parliamentary Government. Brazilian Literature. Agriculture and
Stock-raising. The Amazon Valley. Beasts of Prey. Slavery and
Emancipation. The Religious Orders. Public Lands and Immigration.
“I hope I may be able to present some facts in respect to the present
situation of Brazil which will be both instructive and entertaining
to general readers. My means of acquaintance with that empire are
principally derived from a residence of three years at Rio de
Janeiro, its capital, while employed in the service of the United
States Government, during which period I made a few journeys into the
interior.”--_From the Preface._
=A STUDY OF MEXICO.= By DAVID A. WELLS, LL.D., D.C.L. 12mo. Cloth,
$1.00; paper cover, 50 cents.
“Mr. Wells’s showing is extremely interesting, and its value is
great. Nothing like it has been published in many years.”--_New York
Times._