Citizen of New York, pseudonym of John Jay, 67; 410.
Citizen of Philadelphia, pseudonym of P. Webster, 118; 424.
Civil list, 7.
Civil service, 189;
want of rotation in, 11.
Civis, pseudonym of Jonathan Jackson, 410;
pseudonym of David Ramsay, 380; 420.
Clinton, George, 418.
Clymer, George, biographies of, 432.
Columbian Patriot, pseudonym of E. Gerry, 1; 407.
Commerce, (_see also, Navigation, Shipping, Treaties._) 73; 265; 357;
condition of, 358;
control of, by a few states, 62;
impositions on, 264;
improper power to enact laws relating to, 331;
powers of congress over, 357;
right of English parliament over colonial, 136;
should not be submitted to a mere majority of congress, 275;
wretched condition of, 265.
Confederation (_see also, Congress, Continental, United States
government._)
compared with constitution, 148; 379;
defective nature of, 136; 228; 261;
dissolution of, 268; feebleness of, 272;
government under the, 72;
history of, 262; 283;
impossibility of suitably amending, 267;
necessity of amending, 96; 136;
positions of the states under, in reference to the new constitution,
97; 267.
Confederacies, separate, 120; 127; 204; 247; 269;
southern, 270;
evils of, 278.
Congress, Continental (_see also Confederation, Impost, Paper Money._)
156;
absurd measures of, 32;
bad constitution of, 267;
lack of power of, 78;
merging of powers in, 268;
misrepresentation in, 267;
omitted in consideration of new government, 14;
origin of, 70;
powers of, 70; 72; 374;
power to amend constitution, 284;
proposition to vest with impost, 283;
requisitions of, 263;
unsuitable to lodge powers in, 267.
Congress, (_see also, Armies, Commerce, Constitution, Election,
Judiciary, Jury, Impost, Paper Money, Press, Representation,
Representatives, Senate, Treaties, United States government._)
33; 107;
abuse of powers of, 122;
attendance in, 376;
binding effects of acts of on its own members, 124;
checks on, 125;
definition of necessary powers, 45;
delegates to, 40;
division into two branches, 30;
extensive powers of, 45; 122; 233;
formed of the best men, 123;
great expense of, 47;
interference of with states, 46;
length of term, 170;
limited powers of, to deal with common law, 336;
members of, remarks on, 123;
method of passing laws, 44;
necessary powers only given to, 173; 374;
necessity of a line between states and, 273;
objection to two branches in, 47;
powers conceded by anti-federalists to, 126;
powers of, limited to what the people allow, 127;
powers of taxation of, 49; 303;
powers over elections, 44;
powers over printing, 316;
powers to define and punish crime, 359;
powers to grant monopolies, 357;
power to provide for the general interest and welfare, 121;
probable misuse of their power, 123;
representation in, 12; 289;
right of the people to control delegates to, 6;
to determine their own salaries, 11;
unnecessary power over elections, 61.
Connecticut, adopted from local causes, 104;
adoption of the constitution by, 98;
and the constitution, 439;
construction of Senate of, 41;
disagreement in legislature of, 33;
hostile feelings towards New York, 84; 96;
imports of, from New York, 62;
legislative action on act of Congress, 33;
probable refusal to attend second convention, 81;
reasons for her ratification, 21;
representation in House of Representatives, 293.
Constitution, (_see also Army, Bills of Rights, Congress, Continental
Congress, Conventions, Elections, Judiciary, Jury, Militia, Navy,
Press, Ratification, Representation, Representatives, Senate, United
States government._)
——Adoption of, danger of delay in, 93;
necessity of 62;
should not be precipitate in, 280.
——Advantages of, 61; 64; 319;
control over states clearly defined, 121;
diverse representation in, 204;
increase of values if adopted, 47;
mutual checks in the departments of government as, 222;
no qualification in wealth or birth under, 146;
plan of accommodation, 80; 285;
security in, from federal servants, 189.
——Amendments to, 15; 34; 103;
adoption before making, 93;
agreement in, 102;
dangers of, 226;
difficulty of agreeing to, prior to adoption, 99; 245;
methods for obtaining, 111; 317;
necessity of, prior to adoption, 99; 101; 274;
necessity of, 93; 106; 273; 324;
power of making, 209;
state conventions should make, 322;
unreasonableness of, 104.
——Compared with other constitutions, compared with articles of
confederation, 148; 379;
compared with Roman and English, 35;
compared with Great Britain, 137;
difference between the state constitutions and the, 155.
——Defects of, 318;
a consolidated fabric of aristocratic tyranny, 17;
agreement in, 93;
a heterogeneous phantom, 7;
complicated nature of, 7;
contains no feature of democracy or republicanism, 8;
designed for the rich, 254;
executive and legislative powers dangerously blended in, 9;
ignorance of the people in its formation, 284;
impracticable over so vast a territory, 13;
impossibility of suiting all, 63;
lack of declaration of rights in, 73; 329;
neither federal nor national, 279;
unequal advantages enjoyed by different localities, 298;
want of title, 8.
——Powers of, 156;
amount delegated by, 313;
divisions of, 75;
fundamental rights of, 313;
general clauses of, 233; 312; 331;
general, 356;
guarantee against ex post facto laws, 147; 314; 332; 368.
——Ratification of, _see ratification_.
——Tendencies of; consolidating, 14; 102; 121; 127; 129; 282; 286;
289; 294; 299; 320;
dangers of corruption of, 129;
construction with reference to state constitutions, 159; 314;
founded on monarchy and aristocracy, 7;
guarded against excesses, 184;
liable to result in monarchy, 195;
partly federal but tending towards consolidation, 286;
possibility of ending in tyranny, 169;
probable encroachments under, 122;
will end in monarchy or aristocracy, 254; 285.
——Absurd prospects in case of adoption, 106;
character of the supporters of, 5;
classes interested in, 283;
division of legislature into two branches, 30;
documentary sources of the history of the adoption of, 428;
editions of, 386;
general histories of the, 427;
partizan pamphlets pro and con, 437;
possibility of obtaining a better, 78;
sources of objections to, 166.
Conventions, ease in obtaining, 317.
Convention, Annapolis, 284.
Convention, Federal, (_see also Constitution, States._) 271; 285;
biographies of attending members of, 432;
character of members, 114;
composition of, 74;
compromises in, 76; 158;
dangers of discord in, 222;
debates and proceedings of, 431;
diverse interests in, 166;
drafts and plans of constitutions in, 431;
histories of, improper secrecy of, 15; 18;
journal of, 410;
list of members of, 406;
local interest in, 75;
members of, 221;
non-attendance of members, 285;
not limited, 224;
opinion of, 74;
origin of, 284;
quality of the delegates of, 285;
secrecy in proceedings, 101;
unauthorized powers assumed by, 14; 16; 224;
want of authority, 101.
Convention, Second, 21; 210; 272;
evils of, 166;
great delay in obtaining, 83;
impossible to agree upon a better plan, 82;
necessity of, 19; 274;
possibility of a successful, 80; 246;
probability that the states which have already ratified will refuse
to attend, 81.
Conventions, State, (_see also each State and Ratification._) 17; 274;
ratifications against the wish of the people, 19;
should be allowed to amend constitution, 272; 322;
value of, 322.
Council, (_see also Executive._)
necessity of, 230;
objections to, 341.
Courts, _see Judiciary_.
Coxe, Tench, pamphlet by, 134; 391.
Curtis, G. T., History by, 391.
Dallas, A. J., 425.
Davie, W. R., biographies of, 433;
pamphlet by, 333; 391.
Dawson, H. B., editor of The Federalist, 404;
correspondence about The Federalist, 404.
Debt, federal, change of system for paying, 378;
condition of, 95;
equalization of, 147;
failure to meet, 73;
probable treatment of, 105;
responsibility of, 317.
Decius, pseudonym of J. Montgomery, 415; 417.
Declaration of Rights _see Bill of Rights_.
De Costa, B. F., review by. 386.
Delaware and the constitution, 433;
probable refusal to attend second convention, 81;
representation of, 223;
selfish motives in adopting the constitution, 21.
Democracy, disapproval of, 319.
Despotism, methods of, 9.
Dickinson, John, biographies of, 433;
cited, 318;
pamphlet by, 163; 392.
Duties, _see Export, Import, Taxation_.
Eastern States, _see States, Eastern_.
Elections, (_see also Constitution, Congress, Representatives, House
of, Senate._)
biennial found by Massachusetts, 8;
control of, by congress, 103; 151; 227; 295;
frequency of, 8; 11; 13;
great barrier to corruption, 61;
probable misuse of the power granted over, 103.
Elliot, Jonathan, debates of, 392.
Ellsworth, Oliver, biographies of, 433;
cited, 341.
English Constitution, _see Great Britain_.
Entail, dangerous to liberty, 60.
Executive, (_see also Appointment, Constitution, Impeachment, Pardon,
Treaty, Vice President._)
——Council, 230; 330;
lack of, 333;
objections to, 345;
unnecessary, 346.
——National, 64;
advantage of single, 352;
American compared with English, 137;
composition of, 225;
election of, 35; 171; 298;
entailment of, 233;
exclusion of the people in the choice of, 12;
nominating power of, 228;
pardoning power of, 275; 338; 351;
powers of, 36; 171; 225; 232;
requisite age of, 36;
should be ineligible after a certain time, 275;
should not fill vacancies, 275;
should not nominate judiciary offices, 275;
small probability of treason of, 352;
term of, 231; tool of the Senate, 330;
veto power of, 45.
——State, (_see also State_,) restrictions on, 351.
Export duties, restraint on, 331;
restriction of states from, 366.
Ex post facto laws, desirability of restrictions on, 368;
guarantee against, 147; 314; 336;
restraint from, 332.
Fabius, pseudonym of John Dickinson, 163; 392.
Federal administration, 394.
Federal city, advantage to middle states, 319;
jurisdiction of, improperly used, 18;
resolution for, by the continental congress, 32.
Federal convention, see _Convention, Federal_.
Federal Constitution, pseudonym, 385. _see Constitution, Federal_.
Federal Farmer; pseudonym of Richard Henry Lee, 277; 411.
Federalist, The, authorship of, 395;
list of editions, 394;
opinions concerning, 395;
original publication of, 395.
Federal Republican, A, 420.
Federal Republic, title invented by James Wilson, 8.
Federal requisitions, 105.
Few, William, biographies of, 433.
Fitzsimons, Thomas, 25; biographies of, 433.
Ford, P. L., list of editions of The Federalist, 395;
list of members of federal convention, 406.
Foreign affairs, indifference to, 72.
Foreign goods, excessive importation of, 95.
Franklin, Benjamin, 27; 64;
biographies of, 433.
Fur trade, loss of, 73.
Georgia, accession of, to insure protection, 20;
amendment of constitution of, 34;
and the constitution, 441;
probable refusal to attend second convention, 81.
Gerry, Elbridge, biographies of, 433;
failure to sign constitution, 271;
pamphlet by, 1; 407.
Gilman, Nicholas, biographies of, 433.
Gorham, Nathaniel, biographies of, 433.
Greenleaf, T., 1.
Great Britain, House of Commons, 42; 143; 211;
constitution of, compared with the American, 35; 137;
House of Peers of, 42;
paper money would destroy the credit of, 243;
Privy Council of, 345;
right of the colonists to constitution of, 135;
standing army of, 235;
union of, 195; 213.
Government, (_see also under each country_,)
dangers of all strong, 131;
effect on character and manners, 5;
elements of, 263;
instituted for protection and happiness, 6;
must not be lodged in a single body, 182;
nature of, 92;
origin of, 174;
primary principles of, 373;
the result of fraud or violence, 18.
Hale, Charles, 415.
Hale, Sir Mathew, cited, 10.
Hall, Aaron, 408.
Hamilton, Alexander, biographies of, 433;
The Federalist, 395;
proposition in convention, 408.
Hamilton. J. A., correspondence about The Federalist, 404.
Hamilton, J. C., editor of The Federalist, 405.
Hanson, Alexander Contee, pamphlet by, 217; 408.
Helvetius, cited, 5.
Henry, Patrick, attack on, 415; 417.
Hillsborough, Lord, 8.
Hitchcock, Enos, 408.
Hopkinson, Francis, 409.
Hutchinson, Gov. T., recommends triennial elections, 8; 13.
Impeachment, (_see also Constitution, Executive, Senate_), 342;
improperly lodged with senate, 300.
Imports, 62; foreign, 95.
Impost, (_see also Congress, Taxation_), 104; 283;
Connecticut and New Jersey share of, 319;
general acceptance of the five per cent., 253;
the great source of revenue in the U. S., 160.
Imprimatur, danger of, 9.
Ingersoll, Jared, biographies of, 433.
Insurgents, party of, in the U. S., 321.
Iredell, James, pamphlet by, 327; 333; 392; 410.
Jackson, Jonathan, 410.
Jay, John, pamphlet by, 67; 410;
reply to his pamphlet, 111;
The Federalist, 395.
Jay, John, (Jr.) correspondence about The Federalist, 404.
Johnson, W. S., 390;
biographies of, 433.
Judiciary, National (_see also Appointment, Executive, Jury, Senate_,)
275;
analysis of, 343;
appellate jurisdiction of, 12; 236; 308; 311;
coersive powers of, 343;
dangers from jurisdiction as to both law and fact, 308;
discussion of, 236;
impossibility of trial by jury in, 310;
necessity of national, 122;
power to decide law and fact, 114;
powers of, 53; 149; 236; 298; 306;
want of limitation in, 9; 102.
Judiciary, State, (_see also Jury, State_,) 289; 307;
absorption of by national, 53; 329;
position under constitution, 343.
Jury, Trial by, absence in state courts, 361;
discussion of, 157;
impracticable in national courts, 289;
necessity of, 184; 315;
not altered by constitution, 148;
not a universal practice, 361;
not secured in civil cases, 9; 103; 114; 307;
reply to insinuations concerning, 52;
should be left to wisdom of congress, 362;
the birthright of Americans, 241;
under Pennsylvania constitution, 148.
King, Rufus, biographies of, 434;
on Elbridge Gerry, 1.
Land, (_see also Western Territory_),
decline in the price of, 74.
Langdon, John, biographies of, 434.
Lansing, John, 425; biographies of, 434.
Law, (_see also Congress, Constitution, Judiciary, Ex post facto,
Treaties_),
multiplication of, 302;
necessity of supreme, 312;
people entitled to common, 336.
Lee, Richard Henry, pamphlet by, 277; 411.
Legislature, _see Congress and State Legislatures_.
Livingston, William, biographies of, 434.
Lloyd, Thomas, 412; 418.
Lodge, H. C., editor of The Federalist, 406.
Mablé, Ablé, cited, 4.
M’Henry, James, biographies of, 434.
McClurg, James, biographies of, 434.
M’Kean, Thomas, speeches of, 412.
Maclaine, Archibald, pamphlet by, 333; 392; 412;
opinion of The Federalist, 395.
MacMaster, John Bach, 412.
Madison, James, 327; 390;
biographies of, 434;
debate of, 394; 413;
quotation from, 259;
The Federalist, 395.
Marcus, pseudonym of James Iredell, 333; 391; 410.
Martin, Luther, biographies of, 434;
cited, 18;
Genuine Information of, 413; 425.
Maryland and the constitution, 440;
construction of senate of, 41;
declaration of rights, 229;
delay in appointing convention, 250;
local actions in courts of, 239;
method of electing federal representatives, 225;
omnipotence of legislature of, 226;
position toward Europe, 251;
position under new constitution, 251;
probable rejection of the constitution by, 28;
proposed emission of paper money, 33;
representation of, 223;
resistance of the people to paper money, 244.
Mason, George, 390;
biographies of, 434;
failure to sign constitution, 271;
pamphlet by, 327; 413;
reply to, 255; 333; 391.
Massachusetts, 13;
adoption of the constitution by, 98;
ambiguous expressions in ratification of, 6;
amendments of the convention of, 15; 103;
and the constitution, 438;
debates in the convention, 414;
hostile feeling towards New York, 96;
means used to obtain ratification of, 19;
ratification by, 6.
Mediterranean, exclusion of Americans from, 73.
Mercer, J. F., biographies of, 435.
Mifflin, Thomas, biographies of, 435.
Militia, congressional power over, 52; 305;
necessary general powers over, 122; 306;
no longer under civil control, 11;
subject to president and senate, 11.
Minot, G. R., 410.
Monarchy, (_see also Aristocracy_), 7;
advocates for, 19;
dangers of, 195; 254; 285;
partisans of, in the state conventions, 17;
spirit of, in America, 5.
Money, (s_ee also Paper Money, Representatives, Senate, Taxation_),
power to raise, necessary to general government, 122;
scarcity of, 73; 113.
Monopolies, congressional power to grant. 357.
Montesquien, cited, 59.
Montgomery, J., pamphlet by, 415; 417.
Morris, Robert, biographies of, 435.
Morris, Gouverneur, biographies of, 435.
Native of Boston, pseudonym of J. Jackson, 410.
Navigation laws, necessity of, 377.
Navy, power of congress to form, 374;
will be obtained by constitution, 379.
New England, commerce of, 357.
New Hampshire and the constitution, 438.
New Jersey, adopted from local causes, 104;
and the constitution, 439;
hostile feelings towards New York, 84; 96;
imports of, from New York, 62;
journal of the convention of, 416;
probable refusal to attend second convention, 81;
selfish motives in adopting the constitution, 21.
New York, address to the people of, 67; 87; 111;
and the constitution, 439;
anti-federal committee of, 1;
constitution of, 114;
dangers from contiguous states, 96;
debates of the convention of, 416;
failure to guarantee liberty of the press in constitution of, 76;
ill feeling towards, of New Jersey and Connecticut, 84;
imports for other states, 62;
imports, 104;
journal of the convention of, 416;
lack of bill of rights, 114;
position, in case nine states ratify, 86;
undoubted rejection of constitution by, 21.
North Carolina and the constitution, 441;
debates in the convention of, 417;
forbids standing army in time of peace, 51; 365.
Nicholas, J., 415; 417.
Paine, Thomas, The Rights of Man, 164.
Paper money, 33;
baneful effects of, 243;
conduct of the state legislatures concerning, 244; 284;
congress not restricted from issuing, 374;
only the states restricted in issuing, 374;
renunciation of the right to issue, 243;
the secret reason of opposition to the constitution, 243.
Pardon, (_see also Executive_,)
power of executive to, 351.
Parker, J., review of The Federalist, 402.
Paterson, William, biographies of, 435.
Peabody, A. P., review by, 391.
Pennsylvania, 33;
address to the citizens of, 385;
and the constitution, 412;
advantages from new constitution, 161;
aristocratic delegates in Federal convention from, 285;
debates in convention of, 418;
dissent of minority of convention, 102: 385;
forbids standing army in time of peace, 51; 365;
general assembly under her constitution 152;
hasty conduct due to construction of legislature, 33;
hostile feeling towards New York, 96;
journal of the convention of, 419;
legislature of, 34;
opposition to division of congress, 30;
ratification by, 20;
trial by jury under constitution of, 148.
People, desire for union of the, 17;
equal representation necessary in free government, 168; 288;
position in adoption of constitution, 311;
real power with the, 6; 57; 147;
true influence of, 60; 168; 316.
Pickering, Timothy, Life of, cited, 277.
Pierce, B. K., 415.
Pinckney, Charles, biographies of, 435;
pamphlet by, 419.
Pinckney, Charles C., biographies of, 435.
Plebeian, pseudonym of Melancthon Smith, 67; 87; 421.
Police, internal, 292.
President, _see Executive_.
Press, Liberty of, 9; 76;
congress without power over, 361;
failure to guarantee liberty of, 9; 48; 76; 113;
needless to guarantee, 156;
powers of congress over, 316;
power to tax, 114.
Printers, refusal of, to print against the constitution, 323.
Production, difficulty in disposing of surplus, 73.
Property, equal distribution of, the foundation of a republic, 61;
the basis of freedom, 60;
the real power, 57.
Publicola, pseudonym of W. R. Davie, 391.
Quakers, influenced by slave trade, 54.
Ramsay, David, pamphlet by, 371; 421.
Randolph, Edmund, biographies of, 435;
cited, 343;
failure to sign constitution, 261; 271;
independence of, 20; 271;
motion of, 272;
pamphlet by, 259; 418; 420.
Ratification of the constitution, (_see also Conventions, and each
state_.) 420;
celebrations of the ratifications of, 441;
improperly hurried, 18;
influences that cause opposition to, 165;
methods used to aid acceptance, 7;
of nine states improper, 14;
probability of, by each state, 20;
probability of nine states agreeing to, 104;
submittal to state legislatures and conventions, 272.
Read, George, biographies of, 436.
Religion, free exercise of, should be guaranteed, 315.
Religious sentiment of America, 135.
Religious test, none required, 146.
Representation (_see also Congress, Constitution_,) 8; 12; 289;
and taxation inseparable, 148;
advantages of eastern states in, 375;
basis for, 263;
by wealth or population, 39;
direct taxation apportioned by, 310;
equality of the states in, 206;
inadequacy of, 12; 300; 303;
inequality in, 223;
improvement of, in constitution, 206;
origin of, 30;
possibilities of equal, 296;
in the constitution a compromise, 206;
superior in state governments, 293;
too small to secure liberty, 102;
treble method in, 178.
Representatives, House of (_see Congress, Constitution, Representation,
Senate, Treaties,_) 293;
comparison with house of commons, 42; 143;
composition and powers of, 143; 170; 225; 295;
difficulties in formation of, 297;
election of members of federal convention to, 221;
expense of, 299;
money bills in, 340;
no state to have less than one member in, 143;
proportion of members to population, 143;
qualifications of, 144;
reply to Mason’s opinion of, 255;
representation in, 12; 337;
shadow of representation in, 329;
share in treaties, 355; 376;
term of, 43;
the seat of local interests and parties, 41;
the voice of the separate states, 41.
Republics, constitution of ancient, 189.
Revenue (_see also Impost, Taxation_,)
all sources of, subject to general government, 11;
necessity of equalizing, 62.
Revolutionary war caused by a difference concerning rights, 136.
Rhode Island and the constitution, 438;
failure to choose representatives, 151;
senate of, 32.
Robertson, David, 418; 422.
Rome, colonies of, 208;
constitution compared with proposed constitution, 35;
senate of, 42.
Rowland, Kate M., 390.
Russell, Benjamin, report of debates, 414.
Rutledge, John, biographies of, 436.
Sablière, T. de la, editor of The Federalist, 396.
Sarum, English borough of, 143.
Senate, (_see also Congress, Constitution, Executive, Representation,
Treaties_,)
a compromise between contending interests, 158;
advantages of, 30;
appointing power of, 341;
a restraint on the House of Representatives, 141;
aristocratic tendencies in, 158;
compared with Roman and English senates, 148; 371;
composition and powers of, 37; 140; 297; 338;
conservative nature of, 340;
constitution of ancient, 189;
dangers from, 172; 203;
dangerous powers of, 173; 297; 329;
detached from local prejudices, 142;
equal suffrage in, 38; 40; 207; 275;
federal formation of, 297;
frequency of election of, 338;
House of Representatives a check on, 338;
irresponsibility of, 12;
length of term, 12; 170;
mixture of functions in, 103; 229; 231; 299;
money bills in, 340;
necessity to be small, 169;
power to remove officers, 142;
qualifications for, 42; 141;
reply to Mason’s objections to, 255;
representation in the, 40; 206;
the representatives of state sovereignties, 169; 224;
uselessness of the, 34;
useless power of impeachment, 300;
vacancies in, 170.
Sherman, Roger, biographies of, 436;
cited, 341.
Shipping, (_see also Commerce_,) 73;
cessation of, 73;
decline of, 73;
necessities of encouraging, 377.
Slavery, abolition of, would bring ruin, 54;
legislation left to the states, 54.
Slaves, representation of, 319.
Slave trade, desire of South Carolina and Georgia for continuance of,
367;
foundation for prevention of, 146;
interest of the eastern states to allow, 378;
lack of restriction on, 54;
necessity of the evil of, 367;
power to prohibit after twenty-one years, 378;
weakening effect of, 331.
Smith, C. C., review by, 391.
Smith, Melancthon, pamphlet by, 67; 87; 421.
South Carolina, address to the freemen of, 371;
and the constitution, 440;
debates of legislature, 421;
local weakness of, 373;
protection of, 377.
Southern confederacy, (_see also Confederacy_,)
proposition for, 270.
Southern states, _see States_.
Spraight, R. D., biographies of, 436.
State Conventions, _see Conventions, State_.
State Legislatures, (_see also Constitution and each state_,)
absorption of, 48; 252;
a check on senators, 142;
control of commerce, 265;
division of, 30; 32; 33;
misbehaviour of, 254;
omitted in consideration of constitution, 14;
restraints on, 243.
State Sovereignty, _see Congress, Constitution, States_.
States, (_see also Congress, Constitution, Judiciary, Jury,
Representation, Senate, United States government, and each state_,)
a check on the general government, 126; 152;
all necessary for present exigencies, 96;
Bills of Rights in constitutions, 359;
boundaries of, 62;
cases between citizens and, 307;
civil war during the, 97; 264; 373;
constitution of, 286; 289; 294; 299; 320;
constitutional control of, 46; 120; 129; 145; 292;
constitutions and laws of, 262;
contention between, adjusted by general government, 120; 267;
controversies between the, in the convention, 297;
delusory promise to guarantee republican government to, 11;
differences in the governments of, 291;
dissolution of, 268;
embarrassment of all issuing paper money, 374;
excluded from all agency in national government, 267;
failure to secure liberty and property, 55;
interest of, to unite, 373;
jurisdiction of, as opposed to national, 48; 97; 121; 267; 275; 314;
necessity of coercive power against, 266;
partial confederacies of, 120; 127; 204; 247; 269; 270; 278;
power over their own citizens, 128;
protected from each other, 128;
rebellion in, 264;
reservations in constitutions of, 313;
separate interests of, 39;
sovereignty of, 11; 14; 38; 46; 179; 207; 379.
——Eastern, 357;
advantages from new constitution, 319;
advantages of encouraging the shipping of, 377;
future miserable condition of, 3;
loss of, by revolution, 377;
loss of markets by, 377;
representation of, 375.
——Southern, advantages of navy to, 374;
advantages to, of union, 319; 374;
danger to, from commercial laws, 331;
future hopeless poverty of, 3;
gain of, by revolution, 377;
position of, if constitution is rejected, 378;
probable ascendency over eastern, 375;
representation of, 375.
Stone, Frederick D., 412.
Strong, Caleb, biographies of, 436.
Taxation, absorption of production by national, 3;
and representation inseparable, 148; 186;
certainty of increase under proposed government, 108;
direct, 160; 253; 310;
internal, 48; 302;
laws of, interfering with state laws, 302;
method of collection, 49; 253; 310;
powers of congress over, 48; 102; 301; 303;
relief from, 106; 108.
Tender laws, conduct of the state legislatures concerning, 284.
Territories, _see Constitution, Western Territory_.
Trade, (_see also Commerce, Treaties_,) 73; 379;
balance against the U. S., 107;
congressional power over, 107;
necessity of government to, 7;
regulation of, approved by the eastern states, 319.
Treaties, (_see also Commerce, Congress, Executive, Representatives,
Senate_,)
dangers arising from, 312;
dangers of making them the supreme law, 311;
necessity of commercial, 358;
of the confederation not binding under, 317;
power of Executive and Senate in, 376;
powers to make, 356;
safer in new government than under the confederation, 376;
should not be trusted to House of Representatives, 376;
the supreme law of the land, 355;
undue influence of Executive and Senate in, 331.
Tucker, J. R., History of the Convention, 422.
Tyler, M. C., 416.
Union, not possible without adequate power, 122;
true friends of opposed to constitution, 7.
United States, condition of, 94; 281;
credit of, 244;
extension of, 203;
future additions to, 248;
future of, 208;
is it too large for one, 13; 122; 127; 204; 247;
necessity of supreme government for, 119;
neglect of laws of, 293;
opulence of, 270;
parties in, 321;
position if constitution is rejected, 378;
suitable government for, 119; 127; 286.
United States, Government of, a moderate aristocracy 332;
checks on, 152;
composition of, 292;
control over the states, 120; 129; 145; 292;
dangers of weak, 119;
division of, 228;
great increase in cost predicted, 108;
institution of, after the separation from England, 136;
lack of, during the revolution, 136;
necessary concessions in order to form, 265;
necessary conditions of, 289;
necessary powers of, 120; 129; 287; 301;
necessity of, 280;
not restricted from issuing paper money, 374;
powers must be equal to territory, 123;
responsibility to foreign nations, 266;
separate functions of, 225;
tendency of, 369;
unreasonable accumulation of powers in, 299;
want of independence in departments of, 103; 229.
Vermont, probable combination with New Jersey and Connecticut in
opposition to New York, 84.
Veto power, _see Executive_.
Vice-President, (_see also Executive_,)
method of selection, 330; 349;
position in Senate, 350;
qualifications of, 310;
necessary, 298.
Virginia, alterations wished by, in constitution, 275;
and the constitution, 441;
debates in convention of, 422;
delay in appointing convention, 250;
delegates to federal convention, 284;
hesitation of, to ratify, 20;
journal of convention of, 423;
possibility of her obtaining a partial confederacy, 269.
Warrants, insecurity from, 12;
protection from, 315.
Washington, George, 64; 67; 390;
biographies of, 436;
dedication to, 218;
letters to, 327;
opinion of, 350;
opinion of The Federalist, 395.
Webb, S. B., 67.
Webster, Noah, pamphlet by, 25; 423;
reply to minority of Pa. convention, 385;
review by, 67; 87; 217.
Webster, Pelatiah, pamphlet by, 118; 424.
Wells, John, editor of The Federalist, 397.
Western posts, method of obtaining, 96.
Western Territory, claims of the states to, 239;
question of ownership, 317.
West Indies, exclusion of American vessels from, 73;
will be opened to trade by new government, 379.
Williamson, Hugh, 424;
biographies of, 436.
Wilson, James, 242; 390; 412;
biographies of, 436;
cited, 336;
invents title of “Federal Republic,” 8;
speech of, 134; 155; 385; 425.
Witherspoon, D., quotation from letters of, 333.
Writs of Assistance in Massachusetts, 13.
Wyoming, action of Pennsylvania legislature in reference to, 33.
Wythe, George, biographies of, 437.
Yates, Robert, 425; 424;
biographies of, 437.