The hour of breakfast had arrived, when Walter Prevost returned with
his river spoil; but the party at the house had not yet sat down to
table. The guest who had arrived on the preceding night was standing
at the door, talking with Edith, while Mr. Prevost himself was within,
in conference with some of the slaves. Shaded by the little rustic
porch, Edith was leaning against the doorpost in an attitude of
exquisite grace; and the stranger, with his arms crossed upon his
broad, manly chest, now raising his eyes to her face, now dropping
them to the ground, seemed to watch with interest the effect his words
produced, as it was written on that beautiful countenance. I have said
with interest, rather than with admiration; for although it is hardly
possible to suppose that the latter had no share in his sensations,
yet it seemed, as far as outward manner could indicate inward thought,
that he was reading a lesson from her looks, instead of gazing upon a
beautiful picture. The glance, too, was so calm, and so soon
withdrawn, that there could be nothing offensive in it--nothing that
could even say to herself, "I am studying you," although a looker-on
might so divine.
His words were gay and light indeed, and his whole manner very
different from the day before. A cloud seemed to have passed away--a
cloud rather of reflection than of care; and Walter, as he came up,
and heard his cheerful tones, wondered at the change; for he knew not
how speedily men accustomed to action and decision cast from them the
burden of weighty thought, when the necessity for thought is past.
"I know not," said the stranger, speaking as the young man
approached--"I know not how I should endure it myself for any length
of time. The mere abstract beauty of nature would soon pall upon my
taste, I fear, without occupation."
"But you would make occupation," answered Edith, earnestly; "you would
find it. Occupation for the body is never wanting, where you have to
improve, and cultivate, and ornament; and occupation for the mind
flows in from a thousand gushing sources in God's universe--even were
one deprived of books and music."
"Ay, but companionship, and social converse, and the interchange of
thought with thought," said the stranger,--"where could one find
those?" And he raised his eyes to her face.
"Have I not my brother and my father?" she asked.
"True," said the other; "but I should have no such resource."
He had seen a slight hesitation in her last reply. He thought that he
had touched the point where the yoke of solitude galled the spirit. He
was not one to plant or to nourish discontent in any one; and he
turned at once to her brother, saying, "What, at the stream so early,
my young friend? Have you had sport?"
"Not very great," answered Walter; "my fish are few, but they are
large. Look here."
"I call such sport excellent," observed the stranger, looking into the
basket. "I must have you take me with you some fair morning, for I am
a great lover of the angle."
The lad hesitated, and turned somewhat redder in the cheek than he had
been the moment before; but his sister saved him from reply, saying in
a musing tone,--
"I cannot imagine what delight men find in what they call the sports
of the field. To inflict death may be a necessity, but surely should
not be an amusement."
"Man is born a hunter, Miss Prevost," replied the stranger, with a
smile: "he must chase something. It was at first a necessity, and it
is still a pleasure when it is no longer a need. But the enjoyment is
not truly in the infliction of death, but in the accessories. The
eagerness of pursuit; the active exercise of the faculties, mental and
corporeal; the excitement of expectation, and of success,--nay, even
of delay; the putting forth of skill and dexterity, all form part of
the enjoyment. But there are, especially in angling, a thousand
accidental pleasures. It leads one through lovely scenes; we meditate
upon many things as we wander on; we gaze upon the dancing brook, or
the still pool, and catch light from the light amidst the waters; all
that we see is suggestive of thought,--I might almost say of poetry.
Ah, my dear young lady! few can tell the enjoyment, in the midst of
busy, active, troublous life, of one calm day's angling by the side of
a fair stream, with quiet beauty all around us, and no adversary but
the speckled trout."
"And why should they be your foes?" asked Edith. "Why should you drag
them from their cool, clear element, to pant and die in the dry upper
air?"
"'Cause we want to eat 'em," uttered a voice from the door behind her:
"_they_ eats everything. Why shouldn't _we_ eat _them?_ Darn this
world! it is but a place for eating, and being eaten. The bivers that
I trap eat fish; and many a cunning trick the crafty critters use to
catch 'em: the minkes eat birds, and birds' eggs. Men talk about
beasts of prey. Why, everything is a beast of prey, bating the oxen
and the sheep, and such-like; and sometimes I've thought it hard to
kill them who never do harm to no one, and a great deal of good
sometimes. But, as I was saying, everything's a beast of prey. It's
not lions, and tigers, and painters, and such; but from the fox to the
emmet, from the beetle to the bear, they're all alike, and man at the
top o' them. Darn them all! I kill 'em when I can catch 'em, ma'am,
and always will. But come, Master Walter, don't ye keep them fish in
the sun. Give 'em to black Rosie, the cook, and let us have some on
'em for breakfast afore they're all wilted up."
The types of American character are very few--much fewer than the
American people imagine. There are three or four original types very
difficult to distinguish from their varieties; and all the rest are
mere modifications--variations on the same air. It is thus somewhat
difficult to portray any character purely American, without the risk
of displaying characteristics which have been sketched by more skilful
hands. The outside of the man, however, affords greater scope than the
inside; for Americans are by no means always long, thin, sinewy
fellows, as they are too frequently represented; and the man who now
spoke was a specimen of a very different kind. He might be five feet
five or six in height, and was anything but corpulent; yet he was, in
chest and shoulders, as broad as a bull; and though the lower limbs
were more lightly formed than the upper, yet the legs, as well as the
arms, displayed the strong, rounded muscles swelling forth at every
movement. His hair was as black as jet, without the slightest mixture
of grey, though he could not be less than fifty-four or fifty-five
years of age; and his face, which was handsome, with features somewhat
eagle-like, was browned, by exposure, to a colour nearly resembling
that of mahogany. With his shaggy bear-skin cap, well worn, and a
frock of deer-skin, with the hair on, descending to the knees, he
looked more like a bison or bonassus than anything human; and,
expecting to hear him roar, one was surprised to trace tones soft and
gentle, though rather nasal, to such a rude and rugged form.
While Walter carried his basket of fish to the kitchen, and Mr.
Prevost's guest was gazing at the stranger, in whom Edith seemed to
recognize an acquaintance, the master of the house himself appeared
from behind the latter, saying, as he came,--
"Let me make you acquainted with Mr. Brooks; Major
Kielmansegge--Captain Jack Brooks."
"Pooh, pooh, Prevost," exclaimed the other. "Call me by my right name.
I war Captain Brooks long agone. I'm new christened, and called
Woodchuck now--that's because I burrow, major. Them Ingians are
wonderful circumdiferous; but they have found that, when they try
tricks with me, I can burrow under them; and so they call me
Woodchuck, 'cause it's a burrowing sort of a beast."
"I do not exactly understand you," replied the gentleman who had been
called Major Kielmansegge; "what is the exact meaning of
_circumdiferous?_"
"It means just circumventing like," answered the Woodchuck. "First and
foremost, there's many of the Ingians--the Aloquin, for a sample--that
never tell a word of truth. No, no, not they. One of them told me so
plainly, one day: 'Woodchuck,' says he, 'Ingian seldom tell truth; he
know better than that. Truth too good a thing to be used every day:
keep that for time of need.' I believe, at that precious moment, he
spoke the truth, the first time for forty years."
The announcement that breakfast was ready interrupted the explanation
of Captain Brooks, but appeared to afford him great satisfaction; and,
at the meal, he certainly ate more than all the rest of the party put
together, consuming everything set before him with a voracity truly
marvellous. He seemed, indeed, to think some apology necessary for his
furious appetite.
"You see, major," he said, as soon as he could bring himself to a
pause sufficiently long to utter a whole sentence, "I eat well when I
_do_ eat; for sometimes I get nothing for three or four days together.
When I get to a lodge like this, I take in stores for my next voyage,
as I can't tell what port I shall touch at again."
"Pray do you anticipate a long cruise just now?" asked the stranger.
"No, no," answered the other, laughing; "but I always prepare against
the worst. I am just going up the Mohawk, for a step or two, to make a
trade with some of my friends of the Five Nations--the Iroquois, as
the French folks call them. But I shall trot up afterwards to Sandy
Hill and Fort Lyman, to see what is to be done there in the way of
business. Fort Lyman I call it still, though it should be Fort Edward
now; for, after the brush with Dieskau, it has changed its name. Ay,
that was a sharp affair, major. You'd ha' like to bin there, I guess."
"Were you there, captain?" asked Mr. Prevost. "I did not know you had
seen so much service."
"Sure I was," answered Woodchuck, with a laugh; "though, as to
service, I did more than I was paid for, seeing I had no commission.
I'll tell you how it war, Prevost: just in the beginning of
September--it was the seventh or eighth, I think, in the year afore
last, that is seventeen fifty-five--I was going up to the head of the
lake to see if I could not get some peltry, for I had been unlucky
down westward, and had made a bargain in Albany I did not like to
break. Just on the top o' the hill, near where the King's road comes
down to the ford, who should I stumble upon amongst the trees, but old
Hendrik, as they called him--_why_, I can't tell--the Sachem of the
Tortoise totem of the Mohawks. He was there with three young men at
his feet; but we were always good friends, he and I, and, over and
above, I carried the calumet, so there was no danger. Well, we sat
down and had a talk, and he told me that the general--that is, Sir
William, as he is now--had dug up the tomahawk, and was encamped near
Fort Lyman to give battle to You-non-de-yoh--that is to say, in their
jargon, the French governor. He told me, too, that he was on his way
to join the general, but that he did not intend to fight, but only to
witness the brave deeds of the Corlear's men--that is to say, the
English. He was a cunning old fox, old Hendrik, and I fancied from
that, he thought we should be defeated. But when I asked him, he said
no, that it was all on account of a dream he had had, forbidding him
to fight, on the penalty of his scalp. So I told him I was minded to
go with him and see the fun. Well, we mustered, before the sun was
quite down, well nigh upon three hundred Mohawks, all beautiful
painted and feathered; but they told me that they had not sung their
war song, nor danced their war dance, before they left their lodges,
so I could see well enough they had no intention to fight, and the
tarnation devil wouldn't make 'em. How could we get to the camp where
they were all busy throwing breastworks, and we heard that Dieskau was
coming down from Hunter's in force? The next morning early, we were
told that he had turned back again from Fort Lyman, and Johnson sent
out Williams with seven or eight hundred men to get hold of his
haunches. I tried hard to get old Hendrik to go along, for I stuck
fast by my Ingians, knowing the brutes can be serviceable when you
trust them. But the Sachem only grunted and did not stir. In an hour
and a half we heard a mighty large rattle of muskets, and the Ingians
could not stand the sound quietly, but began looking at their
rifle-flints and fingering their tomahawks. Howsever, they did not
stir, and old Hendrik sat as grave and as brown as an old hemlock
stump. Then we saw another party go out of camp to help the first; but
in a very few minutes they came running back with Dieskau at their
heels. In they tumbled, over the breastworks, head over heels any how;
and a pretty little considerable quantity of fright they brought with
them. If Dieskau had charged straight on that minute, we should have
all been smashed to everlasting flinders; and I don't doubt, no more
than that a _bee_ar's a crittar, that Hendrik and his painted devils
would have had as many English scalps as French ones.
"But Dieskau, like a stupid coon, pulled up short two hundred yards
off, and Johnson did not give him much time to look about him, for he
poured all the cannon-shot that he had got into him as hard as he
could pelt. Well, the French Ingians--and there was a mighty sight of
them--did not like that game of ball, and they squattered off to the
right and left--some into the trees, some into the swamps; and I
couldn't stand it no longer, but up with my rifle, and give them all I
had to give, and old Hendrik, seeing how things was like to go, took
to the right end too, but a little too fast; for the old devil came
into him, and he must needs have scalps. So out he went with the rest;
and just as he had got his forefinger in the hair of a young
Frenchman, whiz came a bullet into his dirty red skin, and down he
went like an old moose. Some twenty of his Ingians got shot too; but,
in the end, Dieskau had to run.
"Johnson was wounded too; and then folks have since said that he had
no right to the honour of the battle, but that it was Lyman's, who
took the command when he could fight no longer. But that's all trash.
Dieskau had missed his chance, and all his irregulars were sent
skimming by the first fire long afore Johnson was hit. Lyman had
nothing to do but hold what Johnson left him, and pursue the enemy.
The first he did well enough; but the second he forgot to do--though
he was a brave man and a good soldier, for all that."
This little narrative seemed to give matter for thought both to Mr.
Prevost and his English guest; and, after a moment or two of somewhat
gloomy consideration, the latter asked the narrator whether the
friendly Indians had, on that occasion, received any special offence
to account for their unwillingness to give active assistance to their
allies, or whether their indifference proceeded merely from a fickle
or treacherous disposition.
"A little of both," replied Captain Brooks. And after leaning his
great broad forehead on his hand for a moment or two, in deep thought,
he proceeded to give his view of the relations of the colonies with
the Iroquois, in a manner and tone totally different from any he had
used before. They were grave and almost stern; and his language had
few, if any, of the coarse provincialisms with which he ordinarily
seasoned his conversation.
"They are a queer people, the Indians," he said, "and not so much
savages as we are inclined to believe them. Sometimes I am ready to
think that in one or two points they are more civilized than
ourselves. They have not got our arts and sciences; and, as they
possess no books, one set of them cannot store up the knowledge they
gain in their own time to be added to by every generation of them that
come after; and we all know that things which are sent down from mouth
to mouth are soon lost or corrupted. But they are always thinking, and
they have a calmness and a coolness in their thoughts that we white
men very often want. They are quick enough in action when once they
have determined upon a thing, and for perseverance they beat all the
world; but they take a long time to consider before they act, and it
is really wonderful how quietly they do consider, and how steadily
they stick in consideration to all their own old notions.
"We have not treated them well, sir; and we never did. They have
borne a great deal, and they will bear more still; yet they feel and
know it, and some day they may make us feel it too. They have not the
wit to take advantage at present of our divisions, and, by joining
together themselves, make us feel all their power; for they hate each
other worse than they hate us. But, if the same spirit were to take
the whole red men, that got hold of the Five Nations many a long year
ago, and they were to band together against the whites, as those Five
Nations did against the other tribes, they'd give us a great deal of
trouble; and though we might thrash them at first, we might teach them
to thrash us in the end.
"As it is, however, you see there are two sets of Indians and two sets
of white men in this country, each as different from the other as
anything can be. The Indians don't say, as they ought, 'The country is
ours, and we will fight against all the whites till we drive them
out;' but they say, 'The whites are wiser and stronger than we are,
and we will help those of them who are wisest and strongest.'
"I don't mean to say that they have not got their likings and
dislikings, or that they are not moved by kindness, or by being talked
to; for they are great haters, and great likers. Still what I have
said is at the bottom of all their friendships with white men. The
Dutchmen helped the Five Nations--Iroquois, as the French call
them--gave them rifles and gunpowder against their enemies, and taught
them to believe they were a very strong people. So the Five Nations
liked the Dutch, and made alliance with them. Then came the English,
and proved stronger than the Dutch, and the Five Nations attached
themselves to the English.
"They have stuck fast to us for a long time, and would not go from us
without cause. If they could help to keep us great and powerful they
would, and I don't think a little adversity would make them turn. But
to see us whipped and scalped would make them think a good deal, and
they won't stay long by a people they don't respect.
"They have got their own notions, too, about faith and want of faith.
If you are quite friendly with them--altogether--out and out--they'll
hold fast enough to their word with you; but a very little turning, or
shaking, or doubting, will make them think themselves free from all
engagements; and then take care of your scalp-lock. If I am quite
sure, when I meet an Indian, that, as the good Book says, '_my_ heart
is right with _his_ heart;' that I have never cheated him, or thought
of cheating him; that I have not doubted him, nor do doubt him--I can
lie down and sleep in his lodge as safe as if I was in the heart of
Albany. But I should not sleep a wink if I knew there was the least
little bit of insincerity in my own heart; for they are as 'cute as
serpents, and they are not people to wait for explanations. Put your
wit against theirs at the back of the forest, and you'll get the worse
of it."
"But have we cheated, or attempted to cheat, these poor people?" asked
the stranger.
"Why, the less we say about that the better, major," replied
Woodchuck, shaking his head. "They have had to bear a good deal; and
now when the time comes that we look as if we were going to the wall,
perhaps they may remember it."
"But I hope and trust we are not exactly going to the wall," pursued
the other, with his colour somewhat heightened; "there has been a
great deal said in England about mismanagement of our affairs on this
continent; but I have always thought, being no very violent politician
myself, that party spirit dictated criticisms which were probably
unjust."
"There has been mismanagement enough, major," replied Woodchuck;
"hasn't there, Prevost?"
"I fear so, indeed," replied his host with a sigh; "but quite as much
on the part of the colonial authorities as on that of the government
at home."
"And whose fault is that?" demanded Woodchuck, somewhat warmly; "why,
that of the government at home too! Why do they appoint incompetent
men? Why do they appoint ignorant men? Why do they exclude from every
office of honour, trust, or emolument the good men of the provinces,
who know the situation and the wants and the habits of the provinces,
and put over us men who, if they were the best men in the world,
would be inferior, from want of experience, to our own people, but
who are nothing more than a set of presuming, ignorant, grasping
blood-suckers, who are chosen because they are related to a minister,
or a minister's mistress, or perhaps his valet, and whose only object
is to make as much out of us as they can, and then get back again. I
do not say that they are all so, but a great many of them are; and
this is an insult and an injury to us."
He spoke evidently with a good deal of heat; but his feelings were
those of a vast multitude of the American colonists, and those
feelings were preparing the way for a great revolution.
"Come, come, Woodchuck," exclaimed Walter Prevost with a laugh, "you
are growing warm; and when you are angry, you bite. The major wants to
hear your notions of the state of the English power here, and not your
censure of the king's government."
"God bless King George!" cried Woodchuck warmly, "and send him all
prosperity. There's not a more loyal man in the land than I am; but it
vexes me all the more to see his ministers throwing away his people's
hearts, and losing his possessions into the bargain. But I'll tell you
how it is, major--at least how I think it is--and then you'll see.
"I must first go back a bit. Here are we, the English, in the middle
of North America, and we have got the French on both sides of us.
Well, we have a right to the country all the way across the
continent--and we _must_ have it, for it is our only safety. But the
French don't want us to be safe, and so they are trying to get behind
us, and push us into the sea. They have been trying it a long time,
and we have taken no notice. They have pushed their posts from Canidy,
right along by the Wabash and the Ohio, from Lake Erie to the
Mississippi; and they have built forts, won over the Ingians, drawing
a string round us, which they will tighten every day, unless we cut
it.
"And what have the ministers been doing all the time? Why, for a long
time they did nothing at all. First, the French were suffered boldly
to call the country their own, and to carry off our traders and
trappers, and send them into Canidy, and never a word said by our
people. Then they built fort after fort, till troops can march and
goods can go, with little or no trouble, from Quebec to New Orleans;
and all that this produced was a speech from Governor Hamilton, and a
message from Governor Dinwiddie. The last, indeed, sent to England,
and made representations; but all he got was an order to repel force
by force, if he could, but to be quite sure that he did so on the
_undoubted_ territories of King George.
"Undoubted! Why, the French made the doubt, and then took advantage of
it. Dinwiddie, however, had some spirit, and, with what help he could
get, he began to build a fort himself, in the best-chosen spot of the
whole country, just by the meeting of the Ohio and the Monongahela.
But he had only one man to the French ten, and not a regular company
amongst them. So the French marched with a thousand soldiers, and
plenty of cannon and stores, turned his people out, took possession of
his half-finished fort, and completed it themselves. That was not
likely to make the Ingians respect us.
"Well, then, Colonel Washington, the Virginian, and the best man in
the land, built Fort Necessity; but they left him without forces to
defend it, and he was obliged to surrender to Villiers, and a force
big enough to eat him up. That did not raise us with our redskins; and
a French force never moved without a whole herd of Ingians, supposed
to be in friendship with us, but ready to scalp us whenever we were
defeated.
"Then came Braddock's mad march upon Fort Duquesne, where he and
a'most all who was with him were killed by a handful of Ingians
amongst the bushes--fifteen hundred men dispersed, killed, and
scalped, by not four hundred savages--all the artillery taken, and
baggage beyond count--think of that! Then Shirley made a great parade
of marching against Fort Niagara; but he turned back almost as soon as
he set out; and, had it not been for some good luck, on the north side
of Massachusetts Bay, and the victory of Johnson over Dieskau, you
would not have had a tribe hold fast to us. They were all wavering as
fast as they could--I could see that, as plain as possible, from old
Hendrik's talk; and the French Jesuits were in amongst them day and
night to bring the Five Nations over. This was the year afore last.
"Well, what did they do last year? Nothing at all, but lose Oswego.
Lord Loudun, and Abercrombie, and Webb, marched and countermarched,
and consulted, and played the fool, while bloody Montcalm was
besieging Mercer, taking Oswego, breaking the terms he had expressly
granted, and suffering his Ingians to scalp and torture his prisoners
of war before his eyes. Well, this was just about the middle of
August; but it was judged too late to do anything more, and nothing
_was_ done. There was merry work in Albany, and people danced and
sang; but the Ingians got a strange notion that the English lion was
better at roaring than he was at biting.
"And now, major, what have we done this year to make up for all the
blunders of the last five or six? Why, Lord Loudun stripped the whole
of this province of its men and guns, to go to Halifax and attack
Louisburg. When he got to Halifax, he exercised his men for a month,
heard a false report that Louisburg was too strong and too well
prepared to be taken, and sailed back to New York. In the meanwhile,
Montcalm took Fort William Henry on Lake George, and, as usual, let
the garrison be butchered by his Ingians.
"So, now the redskins see that the English arms are contemptible on
every part of this continent, and the French complete masters of the
lakes and the whole western country. The Five Nations see their long
house open to our enemies on three sides, and not a step taken to give
them assistance or protection. We have abandoned _them_. Can you
expect them not to abandon _us?_"
The young officer, long before this painful question was asked, had
leaned his elbows on the table, and covered his eyes and part of his
face with his hand. Walter and Edith both gazed at him earnestly,
while their father bent his eyes gloomily down on the table, all three
knowing and sympathizing with the feelings of a British officer while
listening to such a detail. The expression of his countenance they
could not see; but the finely-cut ear, appearing from beneath the
curls of his hair, glowed like fire before the speaker finished.
He did not answer, however, for more than a minute; but then, raising
his head, with a look of stern gravity, he replied,--
"I cannot expect it. I cannot even understand how they have remained
attached to us so long and so much."
"The influence of one man has done a great deal," replied Mr. Prevost.
"Sir William Johnson is what is called the Indian agent; and, whatever
may be thought of his military abilities, there can be no doubt that
the Iroquois trust him, and love him more than they have ever trusted
or loved a white man before. He is invariably just towards them,
always keeps his word with them; he never yields to importunity or
refuses to listen to reason; and he places that implicit confidence in
them which enlists everything that is noble in the Indian character in
his favour. Thus, in his presence, and in their dealings with him,
they are quite a different people from what they are with others--all
their fine qualities are brought into action, and all their wild
passions are stilled."
"I should like to see them as they really are," exclaimed the young
officer, eagerly. And then, turning to Woodchuck, he said--"You tell
me you are going amongst them, my friend; can you not take me with
you?"
"Wait three days and I will," replied the other. "I am first going up
the Mohawk, as I told you, close by Sir William's castle and hall, as
he calls the places. You'd see little there; but, if you will promise
to do just as I tell you, and mind advice, I'll take you up to Sandy
Hill and the creek, where you'll see enough of them. That will be
arter I come back on Friday about noon."
Mr. Prevost looked at the young officer, and he at his entertainer;
and then the former said--
"When will you bring him back, captain? He must be here again by next
Tuesday night."
"That he shall be, with or without his scalp," answered Woodchuck,
with a laugh. "You get him ready to go; for you know, Prevost, the
forest is not the parade-ground."
"I will lend him my Gakaah and Gischa and Gostoweh," cried Walter. "We
will make him quite an Indian."
"No, no!" answered Woodchuck, "that won't do, Walter. The man who
tries to please an Ingian by acting like an Ingian makes naught of it.
They know it's a cheat, and they don't like it. We have our ways, and
they have theirs; and let each keep their own, like honest men. So I
think, and so the Ingians think. Putting on a lion's skin will never
make a man a lion. Get the major some good tough leggins, and a coat
that won't tear; a rifle and an axe and a wood-knife--a bottle of
brandy is no bad thing. But don't forget a calumet and a pouch of
tobacco, for both may be needful. So now good-bye to ye all. I must
trot."
Thus saying, he rose from the table, and, without more ceremonious
adieu, left the room.