Bellini, Charles, professor at William a_The Life of John Marshall, Volume 4: The building of the nation, 1815-1835

Bentham, Jeremy, and Burr, =3=, 537 _n._

Benton, Thomas H., duelist, =3=, 278 _n._;

counsel in Craig _vs._ Missouri, =4=, 512.

Berkeley, Sir William, M. on, =3=, 242 _n._

Berlin Decree, =4=, 6 _n._

Berrien, John M., practitioner before M., =4=, 237 _n._

Beverly, Munford, grand juror on Burr, =3=, 413 _n._

Biddeford, Me., and Ratification, =1=, 340.

Biddle, Nicholas, management of the Bank, =4=, 529;

conduct, 529 _n._

Biddle, Richard. _See_ Green _vs._ Biddle.

Bill of Rights, and Virginia's extradition act (1784), =1=, 238-41;

and National Government, 239;

contest over lack of Federal, 334, 439;

first ten Federal amendments, =2=, 57-59.

_See also_ Government.

Bingham, William, wealth, =2=, 202 _n._

Binghamton Bridge case, =4=, 280 _n._

Biography of Washington,

M. undertakes, financial motive, =2=, 211 _n._, =3=, 223, 224;

importance in life of M., 223;

estimate of financial return, negotiations with publishers, 224-27;

agreement, 227, 228;

delay in beginning, 227, 235;

M.'s desire for anonymity, 228, 236, 237;

Jefferson's plan to offset, 228, 229, 265, 266;

solicitation of subscriptions, postmasters as agents, 230, 234;

Weems as agent, popular distrust, 230-34, 252;

small subscription, 235;

list of subscribers, 235 _n._;

financial problem, change in contract, 236, 250, 251;

problems of composition, delay and prolixity, 236-39, 241, 246-49,

251;

publication of first two volumes, 239;

M. and praise and criticism, 240, 241, 245-47, 271;

revised edition, 241, 247, 247 _n._, 272;

character of first volumes, 242-45, 249;

royalty, 247, 251;

mistake in plan, compression of vital formative years, 249,

250, 258;

volumes on American Revolution, 253-56;

without political effect, 256, 257;

character of final volume (1783-99), 257-65;

Federalists on last volume, 265;

Jefferson on biography, 265-69;

other criticism, 269-71;

edition for school-children, 273 _n._

Bishop, Abraham, pamphlet on Yazoo lands, =3=, 570.

Bissel, Daniel, and Burr conspiracy, =3=, 361, 462.

Black, George, practitioner before M., =4=, 237 _n._

Blackstone, Sir William, M. and Commentaries, =1=, 56.

_Blackwood's Magazine_, on M.'s biography of Washington, =3=, 271.

Blain, ----, and Attorney-Generalship, =2=, 132.

Blair, John, Commonwealth _vs._ Caton, =3=, 611.

Blair, John D., at Barbecue Club, =2=, 183.

Bland, Theodoric, on Randolph's apostasy (1788), =1=, 378.

Blennerhassett, Harman, beginning of Burr's connection, =3=, 291;

joins enterprise, 301, 310, 313;

newspaper letters, 311;

island as center, gathering there, 324, 425-27, 484, 488-91;

attack by militia, flight, 325;

joins Burr, 361;

indicted for treason, 465;

on Martin's intemperance, 501 _n._;

attempt to seduce, 514;

_nolle prosequi_, 515, 524;

on Wilkinson at trial, 523 _n._;

on Jefferson's hatred of M., 525;

commitment for trial in Ohio, 527;

on M., 528, 531;

and Baltimore mob, 538;

Wirt's speech on, 616-18.

_See also_ Burr Conspiracy.

Blennerhassett, Mrs. Harman, warns Burr, =3=, 316.

Blockade, M.'s protest on paper, =2=, 511.

Blomfield, Samuel, =1=, 23 _n._

Bloomington, Ohio, bank (1820), =4=, 192 _n._

Boarding-houses at Washington (1801), =3=, 2, 7.

Bollmann, Justus E., takes Burr's letter to Wilkinson, =3=, 307;

career, 307 _n._

arrested, 332, 334;

brought to Washington, 343;

held for trial, 344-46;

discharged by Supreme Court, 346-57;

interview with Jefferson, Jefferson's violation of faith, 391, 392;

question of evidence and pardon, 392, 430, 431, 450-54;

not indicted, 466 _n._

Bonus Bill, Madison's veto, =4=, 418;

further attempt, 419.

Boone, Daniel, and British debts, =1=, 229 _n._

Boston, Jacobin enthusiasm, =2=, 35, 36;

protest on Jay Treaty, 115, 116;

Yazoo land speculation, =3=, 567.

Boston _Columbian Centinel_. _See_ _Columbian Centinel_.

_Boston Commercial Gazette_, on obligation of contracts, =3=, 558.

_Boston Daily Advertiser_,

on Dartmouth College case, =4=, 254 _n._, 255 _n._

_Boston Gazette_, on bribery in Ratification, =1=, 353 _n._;

on French Revolution, =2=, 5.

_Boston Gazette-Commercial and Political_,

on Republican Party (1799), =3=, 12.

_Boston Independent Chronicle_, on the Cincinnati, =1=, 293;

on Publicola papers, =2=, 19;

seditious utterances, =3=, 43-46;

on repeal of Judiciary Act, 94, 99;

on Marbury _vs._ Madison and impeachment, 112 _n._, 113 _n._

_Boston Palladium_, on repeal of Judiciary Act, =3=, 93;

threatens secession, 97.

Botetourt, Lord, fate of Virginia statue, =2=, 35.

Botta, Carlo G. G., Jefferson on history, =3=, 266.

Botts, Benjamin, counsel for Burr, =3=, 407;

and motion to commit Burr for treason, 415, 424;

on subpoena to Jefferson, 438;

on overt act, 497-500;

on popular hatred, 516.

Boudinot, Elias, on Adams for Chief Justice, =2=, 554.

Bowles, William A., M. and activity, =2=, 497-99.

Bowman _vs._ Middleton, =3=, 612.

Boyce, Robert, suit, =4=, 478.

Boyce _vs._ Anderson, =4=, 478.

Brackenridge, Hugh H., and Addison, =3=, 47 _n._

Braddock, Edward, defeat, =1=, 2-5;

reputation, 2 _n._;

effect of defeat on colonists, 5, 6, 9.

Bradford, William, Attorney-General, death, =2=, 122, 123.

Bradley, Stephen R., and Pickering impeachment, =3=, 168 _n._

at Chase trial, 183 _n._;

votes to acquit Chase, 218, 219.

Braintree, Mass., denounces lawyers, =3=, 23 _n._

Brandywine campaign, =1=, 93-98.

Brearly, David, Holmes _vs._ Walton, =3=, 611.

Breckenridge, John,

and Kentucky Resolutions, =2=, 398, 398 _n._, =3=, 58 _n._;

in debate on repeal of Judiciary Act of 1801, 58, 59, 66, 68-70;

Attorney-General, 58 _n._

Brig Wilson _vs._ United States, =4=, 428, 429.

Bright, Michael, and Olmstead case, =4=, 21.

Brightwell, Theodore, and Burr conspiracy, =3=, 367.

Brigstock, William, case, =2=, 464.

Briscoe _vs._ Bank of Kentucky,

facts, currency of State-owned bank, =4=, 582;

equal division of Supreme Court, 583, 584;

State upheld, Story voices M.'s dissent, 584 _n._

British debts,

conditions and controversy in Virginia, =1=, 215, 223-31;

amount in Virginia, 295 _n._;

in Ratification debate, 441, 444, 464;

before Federal courts, Ware _vs._ Hylton, =2=, 83, 186-92;

in Jay Treaty, 114, 121 _n._;

disruption of commission on, 500-02;

M. on disruption and compromise, 502-05;

settlement, =3=, 103.

Brockenbrough, John, grand juror on Burr, =3=, 413 _n._;

political control, =4=, 174;

and redemption of his bank's notes, 194;

and stock of Bank of the United States, 318.

Brooks, John, and Ratification, =1=, 347 _n._

Broom, James M., and Burr conspiracy, =3=, 358.

Brown, Adam, and Livingston steamboat monopoly, =4=, 411.

Brown, Alexander. _See_ Brown _vs._ Maryland.

Brown, Ethan A., counsel in Osborn _vs._ Bank, =4=, 385.

Brown, Francis, elected President of Dartmouth, =4=, 229;

and Kent, 258 _n._

Brown, Henry B., on Dartmouth College case, =4=, 280.

Brown, John, of R.I., and slave trade (1800), =2=, 449.

Brown, John, of Va. and Ky., on lack of patriotism (1780), =1=, 157;

on Wythe as professor, 158;

dinner to, =2=, 131 _n._;

and Pickering impeachment, =3=, 168 _n._;

Indiana Canal Company, 291 _n._;

and Burr conspiracy, 292.

Brown, Noah, and Livingston steamboat monopoly, =4=, 411.

Brown _vs._ Maryland, facts, =4=, 454;

counsel, 455;

M.'s opinion, 455-59;

State license on importers an import duty, 455-57;

and a regulation of foreign commerce, 457-59;

as precedent, 459, 460.

Bruff, James, testimony in Burr trial, =3=, 523 _n._

Bryan, George, and Centinel letters, =1=, 335 _n._

Bryan, Joseph, and Randolph, =3=, 566.

Buchanan, J., Barbecue Club, =2=, 183.

Buchanan, James, and attack on Supreme Court, =4=, 515.

Bullitt, William M., book of M.'s possessed by, =1=, 186 _n._

Burford, _ex parte_, =3=, 154 _n._

Burgess, John W., on revolutionary action of Framers, =1=, 323 _n._

Burke, Ædanus, and the Cincinnati, =1=, 293;

shipwrecked, =3=, 55 _n._

Burke, Edmund, on French Revolution, =2=, 10-12.

Burling, Walter, and Burr conspiracy, =3=, 329.

Burnaby, Andrew, plea for reunion with England, =1=, 130, 131.

Burr, Aaron, and X. Y. Z. Mission, =2=, 281;

suppresses Wood's book, 380 _n._;

and Hamilton's attack on Adams, 528;

character, and appearance, 535, =3=, 371, 372;

presides over Senate, 67;

and repeal of Judiciary Act, personal effect, 67, 68 _n._, 279;

and Pickering impeachment, 168 _n._;

arranges Senate for Chase trial, 179 _n._;

as presiding officer of trial, 180, 183, 218, 219;

effort of Administration to conciliate, 181;

farewell address to Senate, 274;

plight on retirement from Vice-Presidency, 276-78, 285;

Hamilton's pursuit, 277 _n._;

the duel, 278 _n._;

Jefferson's hostility, isolation, 279, 280;

toast on Washington's birthday, 280;

candidacy for Governor, 281;

and Federalist secession plots, 281;

and Manhattan Company charter, 287 _n._;

gratitude to Jackson, 405;

later career, 537 _n._, 538 _n._;

and Martin, 538 _n._;

death, monument, 538 _n._;

report on Yazoo lands, 570.

_See also_ Burr Conspiracy; Elections (_1800_).

Burr, Levi, _ex parte_, =3=, 537 _n._

Burr conspiracy, and life of M., =3=, 275;

Burr's plight on retirement from Vice-Presidency, 276-78;

Jefferson's hostility and isolation of Burr, 279-81;

Burr and Federalist Secessionists, 281;

West and Union, 282-84;

popular desire to free Spanish America, 284, 286;

expected war with Spain, 285;

West as field for rehabilitation of Burr, 286;

his earlier proposal to invade Spanish America, 286;

Burr's intrigue with Merry, real purpose, 287-90, 299;

first western trip, 290;

conference with Dayton, 290;

Wilkinson's connection, he proposes Mexican invasion, 290, 294,

297, 460;

and Blennerhassett, 291;

conference at Cincinnati, 291;

in Kentucky, 291, 296;

plan for Ohio River canal, 291 _n._;

in Tennessee, Jackson's relationship, 292-96;

Burr and Tennessee seat in House, 292;

no proposals for disunion, 292, 297, 303, 312;

invasion of Mexico, contingent on war, 292 _n._, 294-96, 298,

301-03, 306-09, 312, 313, 319, 460-62, 523, 527;

settlement of Washita lands, 292 _n._, 303, 310, 312, 313, 314 _n._,

319, 324 _n._, 361 _n._, 362, 461, 462, 523, 527;

Burr at New Orleans, 294, 295;

disunion rumors, Spanish source, 296, 298, 299;

Wilkinson plans to abandon Burr, 298, 300 _n._, 320;

Casa Yrujo intrigue, purpose, 300, 300 _n._;

and Miranda's plans, 300, 301, 306, 308;

hopes, 301, 302;

Wilkinson on frontier, expected to precipitate war, 302, 307,

308, 314;

Burr requests diplomatic position, 302;

Burr's conferences with Truxton and Decatur, 302, 303;

and with Eaton, Eaton's report of it, 303-05, 307, 345;

Jefferson and reports of plans, 305, 310, 315, 317, 323, 338 _n._;

Burr's letter to Jackson for military preparation, 306;

Burr begins second journey, 307, 309;

cipher letter to Wilkinson by Swartwout and Bollmann, 307-09,

614, 615;

Morgan visit, report of it to Jefferson, 309, 310;

Blennerhassett's enthusiasm, his newspaper letters mentioning

disunion, 310, 311;

gathering at his island, 311, 324, 325, 425-27, 484, 488-91;

recruits, 311, 313, 324, 326, 360;

Wilkinson's letters to Adair and Smith, 314;

renewal of disunion reports, 315, 316;

Burr denies disunion plans, 316, 318 _n._, 319, 326;

arrest and release of Burr in Kentucky, 317-19;

Administration's knowledge of Burr's plans, 318 _n._;

Wilkinson and Swartwout, 320, 465;

Wilkinson's revelations to Jefferson, 321-23, 334, 341, 352-56;

Jefferson's action on revelations, proclamation against expedition,

324, 327;

seizure of supplies, 324;

militia attack on Blennerhassett's island, flight of gathering

there, 325;

Burr afloat, 326, 360-62;

popular belief in disunion plan, 327;

Wilkinson's pretended terror, 328;

his appeal for funds to Viceroy, 329;

and to Jefferson, 330;

his reign of terror at New Orleans, 330-37;

Jefferson's Annual Message on, 337;

mystery and surmises at Washington, 338;

House demand for information, 339;

Special Message declaring Burr guilty, 339-41;

effect of message on public opinion, 341;

Wilkinson's prisoners brought to Washington, 343, 344;

Swartwout and Bollmann held for trial, 344-46;

payment of Eaton's claim, 345 _n._;

Supreme Court writ of habeas corpus for Swartwout and Bollmann, 346;

attempt of Congress to suspend privilege of writ, 346-48;

discharge of Swartwout and Bollmann, M.'s opinion, 348-57;

constitutional limitation of treason, 349-51;

necessity of overt act, 351, 442;

presence at overt act, effect of misunderstanding of M.'s opinion,

350, 414 _n._, 484, 493, 496, 502, 504-13, 540, 619-26;

lack of evidence of treasonable design, 353-56, 377-79, 388;

Judiciary and Administration and public opinion, 357, 376, 388;

House debate on Wilkinson's conduct, 358-60;

Burr's assembly on island at mouth of Cumberland, 361;

boats, 361 _n._;

Burr in Mississippi, grand jury refuses to indict him, 363-65;

release refused, flight and military arrest, 365-68, 374;

taken to Richmond, 368-70;

M.'s warrant for civil arrest, 370;

preliminary hearing before M., 370, 372, 379;

Burr and M. contrasted, 371, 372;

bail question, 372, 379, 380, 423, 424, 429, 516;

Burr's statement at hearing, 374;

M.'s opinion, commits for high misdemeanor only, 375-79;

M.'s conduct and position at trials, 375, 397, 404, 407, 408,

413 _n._, 421, 423, 480, 494, 517, 526;

public opinion, appeal to it, Jefferson as prosecutor, 374, 379-91,

395-97, 401, 406, 411, 413, 414, 416-22, 430-32, 435, 437,

439, 441, 471, 476, 477, 479, 480, 497 _n._, 499, 499 _n._,

503, 516 _n._;

M.'s reflection on Jefferson's conduct, 376;

collection of evidence, time question, 378, 385-90, 415, 417, 418,

425, 473;

Wilkinson's attendance awaited, 383, 393, 415, 416, 429, 431, 432,

440;

supposed overt acts, 386 _n._;

money spent by Administration, 391, 423;

Jefferson's violation of faith with Bollmann, 391, 392;

pardons for informers, 392, 393;

Dunbaugh's evidence, 393, 427, 462, 463;

development of Burr support at Richmond, 393, 415, 470, 478, 479;

M. and Burr at Wickham's dinner, 394-97;

appearance of court, crowd, 398-400;

M. on difficulty of fair trial, 401;

Jackson's denunciation of Jefferson and Wilkinson, 404, 405, 457;

Burr's conduct and appearance in court, 406, 408, 456, 457, 479,

481, 499, 518;

Burr's counsel, 407, 428;

prosecuting attorneys, 407;

M. and counsel, 408;

selection of grand jury, 408-13, 422;

Burr's demand for equal rights, 413, 414, 418;

instruction of grand jury, 413-15, 442, 451;

Hay's reports to Jefferson, 415, 431;

new motion to commit for treason, 415-29;

Jefferson and publication of evidence, 422, 515;

legal order of proof, 424, 484-87;

conduct of Eaton at Richmond, 429;

Bollmann and pardon, 430, 431, 450-54;

demand for Wilkinson's letter to Jefferson, subpoena _duces tecum_,

433-47, 450, 454-56, 518-22;

M.'s admonition to counsel, 439;

M.'s statement on prosecution's expectation of conviction, 447-49;

Wilkinson's arrival, conduct and testimony, just escapes indictment,

456, 457, 463, 464;

testimony before grand jury, 458-65;

indictment of Burr and Blennerhassett for treason and misdemeanor,

465, 466;

other indictments, 466 _n._;

attacks on Wilkinson, 471-75, 477;

confinement of Burr, 474, 478, 479;

selection of petit jury, 475, 481-83;

M. seeks advice of Justices on treason, 480;

Hay's opening statement, 484;

testimony on Burr's expressions, 487, 488;

on overt act, 488-91;

argument of proof of overt act, 491-504;

unprecedented postponement, 494;

Wirt's famous passage, 497, 616-18;

poison hoax, 499 _n._;

irrelevant testimony, 512, 515, 542;

attacks on M., threats of impeachment, Jefferson's Message, 500,

501, 503, 516, 525, 530-35, 540;

judgment of law and fact, 500, 531;

irregular verdict of not guilty, 513, 514;

prosecution's advances to Blennerhassett and others, 514 _n._;

_nolle prosequi_, 515, 524;

reception of verdict in Richmond, 517;

trial for misdemeanor, 522-24;

commitment for trial in Ohio, 524, 527, 528, 531 _n._;

Burr's anger at M., 524, 528;

and Daveiss's pamphlet, 525;

Burr on drawn battle, 527;

prosecution dropped, 528;

M. on trial, 530;

Baltimore mob, 535-40;

bibliography, 538 _n._;

attempt to amend law of treason, 540;

attempt to expel Senator Smith, Adams's report, 540-44.

Burrill, James, Jr., on bankruptcy frauds, =4=, 202.

Burwell, Rebecca, and Jefferson, =1=, 149.

Burwell, William A.,

and attempt to suspend habeas corpus (1807), =3=, 348.

Butchers' Union _vs._ Crescent City, =4=, 279 _n._

Butler, Elizur, arrest by Georgia, =4=, 548;

pardoned, 552 _n._

_See also_ Worcester _vs._ Georgia.

Byrd, William, library, =1=, 25.

Cabell, Benjamin W. S.,

in Virginia Constitutional Convention, =4=, 500.

Cabell, Joseph, at William and Mary, =1=, 159.

Cabell, Joseph C., grand juror on Burr, =3=, 413 _n._;

on Swartwout, 465.

Cabell, William, at William and Mary, =1=, 159;

in the Legislature, 203;

and Henry-Randolph quarrel, 407 _n._

Cabell, William H.,

opinion in Martin _vs._ Hunter's Lessee, =4=, 158-60.

Cabinet, dissensions in Washington's, =2=, 82;

changes in Washington's, his offers to M., 122-25, 147;

disruption of Adams's, 485-88;

M.'s appointment as Secretary of State, 486, 489-91, 493;

Republican comment on Adams's reorganized, 491;

salaries (1800), 539 _n._

Cabot, George, on democratic clubs, =2=, 38;

on policy of neutrality, 94 _n._;

and M. (1796), 198;

on Gerry, 364, 366;

on M.'s views on Alien and Sedition Acts, 391-93;

on reopening of French negotiations, 424, 426;

on M. in Congress, 432;

on Adams and Hamiltonians, 488;

on M. as Secretary of State, 492;

opposition to Adams, 517 _n._;

in defeat, =3=, 11;

on Republican success, 11;

political character, 11 _n._;

on attack on Judiciary, 98;

on protest on repeal of Judiciary Act, 123 _n._;

on Louisiana Purchase, 150;

and secession, 152;

and Hartford Convention, =4=, 52;

and Story, 98.

Calder _vs._ Bull, =3=, 612.

Caldwell, Elisha B., Supreme Court sessions in house, =4=, 130.

Calhoun, John C., and War of 1812, =4=, 29;

Bonus Bill, 417;

Exposition, 538;

and non-intercourse with tariff States, 538 _n._

Call, Daniel, as lawyer, =1=, 173;

M.'s neighbor, =2=, 171;

counsel in Hunter _vs._ Fairfax's Devisee, =4=, 151.

Callender, James T., on M.'s address (1798), =2=, 405;

on M.'s campaign, 409;

later attacks on M., 541 _n._, 556, 560 _n._;

trial for sedition, =3=, 36-41, 189-96, 202-05, 214;

proposed public appropriation for, 38 _n._;

popular subscription, 38 _n._;

pardoned, 40 _n._

Camillus letters, =2=, 120.

Campbell, Alexander, as lawyer, =1=, 173;

and Richmond meeting on Jay Treaty, =2=, 151, 152;

Ware _vs._ Hylton, 188, 189, 192;

Hunter _vs._ Fairfax's Devisee, 207;

in Virginia Constitutional Convention, =4=, 501 _n._

Campbell, Archibald, as M.'s instructor, =1=, 57;

as Mason, =2=, 176.

Campbell, Charles, on frontier (1756), =1=, 7 _n._

Campbell, George W., argument in Chase trial, =3=, 198;

on Burr conspiracy, 339.

Campbell, William, in Virginia Constitutional Convention, =4=, 492.

Campo Formio, Treaty of, M. on, =2=, 271;

and X. Y. Z. Mission, 272, 273.

Canal, Burr's plan for, on Ohio River, =3=, 291 _n._

_See also_ Internal Improvements.

Canning, George, letter to Pinkney, =4=, 23.

Capital, Federal, deal on assumption and location, =2=, 63, 64;

proposed removal to Baltimore, =3=, 8.

_See also_ District of Columbia; Washington, D.C.

Capitol, of Virginia (1783), =1=, 200;

Federal, in 1801, =3=, 1, 2;

religious services there, 7 _n._;

quarters for Supreme Court, 121 _n._

Card playing in Virginia, =1=, 177 _n._

Carlisle, Pa., Ratification riot, =1=, 334.

Carr, Dabney, and Cherokee Indians controversy, =4=, 542.

Carrington, Edward, supports Jay Treaty, =2=, 121;

and M.'s advice on Cabinet positions, 124-26, 132;

on Virginia and Jay Treaty, 131, 132, 134, 137, 138 _n._, 142, 143;

inaccuracy of reports to Washington, 131 _n._;

and Richmond meeting on Jay Treaty, 149, 154;

M.'s neighbor, 171;

verdict in Burr trial, =3=, 513, 514.

Carrington, Eliza (Ambler), on Arnold's invasion, =1=, 144 _n._;

on first and later impressions of M., 150-54;

on Richmond in, 1780, 165;

M.'s sympathy, 188;

on prevalence of irreligion, 221;

on attacks on M.'s character, =2=, 101, 102;

on Mrs. Marshall's invalidism, 371 _n._;

M.'s sister-in-law, =4=, 67 _n._

Carrington, Paul, as Judge, =1=, 173, =4=, 148;

candidacy for Ratification Convention, =1=, 359.

Carroll, Charles, opposition to Adams, =2=, 517 _n._;

on Hamilton's attack on Adams, 528 _n._

Carter, John, and tariff, =4=, 384 _n._, 536.

Carter, Robert, landed estate, =1=, 20 _n._;

character, 21 _n._;

library, 25.

Cary, Mary, courtship, =1=, 150 _n._

Cary, Wilson M., on M.'s ancestry, =1=, 15.

Casa Yrujo, Marqués de, and Burr, =3=, 289, 296 _n._, 300;

on Wilkinson, 320 _n._

Cecil County, Md., and Burr trial, =3=, 479 _n._

Centinel letters in opposition to Federal Constitution, =1=, 335-37;

probable authors, 335 _n._

Centralization. _See_ Nationalism.

Chancery. _See_ Equity.

Chandler, John, case, =3=, 130 _n._

Channing, Edward, on Washington, =1=, 121;

on origin of Kentucky Resolutions, =2=, 398 _n._;

on attacks on neutral trade, =4=, 7 _n._;

on purpose of Orders in Council, 12 _n._;

on Minister Jackson, 23 _n._;

on causes of War of 1812, 29 _n._

Chapman, H., on opposition to Ratification, =1=, 338.

Chapman, Nathaniel, on death of M., =4=, 588.

Charleston, S.C., Jacobin enthusiasm, =2=, 35.

Charters. _See_ Dartmouth College _vs._ Woodward.

Chase, Samuel, and Adams, =2=, 495 _n._;

and common-law jurisdiction, =3=, 28 _n._;

conduct in sedition trials, 33, 36, 41;

Fries trial, 35;

on the stump, 47;

on declaring acts void, 117, 612;

House impeaches, 169;

anti-Republican charge to grand jury, 169, 170;

arousing of public opinion against, 171;

articles of impeachment, 171, 172;

despair of Federalists, 173;

effect of Yazoo frauds on trial, 174;

opening of trial, 175;

arrangement of Senate, 179, 180;

Burr as presiding officer, efforts of Administration to win him,

180-83;

seat for Chase, 183;

appearance, 184;

career, 184 _n._, 185 _n._;

counsel, 185;

Randolph's opening speech, 187-89;

testimony, 189-92;

M. as witness, 192-96;

Giles-Randolph conferences, 197;

argument of Manager Early, 197;

of Manager Campbell, 198;

of Hopkinson, 198-200;

indictable or political offense, 199, 200, 202, 207-13;

arguments of Key and Lee, 201;

of Martin, 201-06;

trial as precedent, 201;

trial as political affair, 206;

argument of Manager Nicholson, 207-10;

of Manager Rodney, 210-12;

and Chief Justiceship, 211 _n._;

argument of Manager Randolph, 212;

Randolph's praise of M., 214-16;

trial and secession, 217;

vote and acquittal, 217-20;

trial as crisis, 220;

effect on Republicans, 220-22;

on M., 222;

Chase and Swartwout and Bollmann case, 349 _n._;

and Fletcher _vs._ Peck, 585 _n._;

death, =4=, 60.

Chastellux, Marquis de, on William and Mary, =1=, 156 _n._;

on hardships of travel, 262;

on drinking, =2=, 102 _n._

Chatham, Earl of, fate of Charleston statue, =2=, 35.

Checks and balances of Federal Constitution,

Ratification debate on, =1=, 389, 417;

and repeal of Judiciary Act of 1801, =3=, 60, 61, 65.

_See also_ Division of powers; Government; Separation of powers;

Union.

Cherokee Indians, power, =3=, 553;

origin of Georgia contest, =4=, 539, 540;

Jackson's attitude, 540, 541, 547, 548, 551;

first appeal to Supreme Court, 541;

popular interest and political involution, 541, 548;

and removal, 541;

monograph on contest, 541 _n._;

Tassels incident, Georgia's defiance of Supreme Court, 542-44;

Cherokee Nation _vs._ Georgia, Georgia ignores, 544;

M.'s opinion, Cherokees not a foreign nation, 544-46;

M.'s rebuke of Jackson, 546;

dissent from opinion, 546 _n._;

origin of Worcester _vs._ Georgia, arrest of missionaries, 547, 548;

Georgia refuses to appear before Court, 548;

counsel, 549;

M.'s opinion, no State control over Indians, 549-51;

mandate of Court ignored, 551;

final defiance of Court, Graves case, 552 _n._;

removal of Indians, 552 _n._

Cherokee Nation _vs._ Georgia. _See_ Cherokee Indians.

_Chesapeake-Leopard_ affair, Jefferson and, =3=, 475-77, =4=, 9.

Chester, Elisha W., counsel in Worcester _vs._ Georgia, =4=, 549.

Cheves, Langdon, and War of 1812, =4=, 29.

Children, M.'s fondness for, =4=, 63.

Chisholm _vs._ Georgia, =2=, 83 _n._, =3=, 554 _n._

Choate, Rufus, on Marbury _vs._ Madison, =3=, 101;

on Webster's tribute to Dartmouth, =4=, 248.

Choctaw Indians, power, =3=, 553.

Christie, Gabriel, and slavery, =2=, 450.

Church ----, and X. Y. Z. Mission, =2=, 254.

_Cincinnati_, first steamboat, =4=, 403 _n._

Cincinnati, Order of the, popular prejudice against, =1=, 292-94.

Cipher, necessity of use, =1=, 266 _n._

Circuit Courts, Supreme Court Justices in, =3=, 55, 56;

rights of original jurisdiction, =4=, 386.

_See also_ Judiciary; Judiciary Act of 1801.

Circuit riders, work, =4=, 189 _n._

Citizenship, Virginia bill (1783), =1=, 208.

_See also_ Naturalization.

Civil rights, lack, =3=, 13 _n._

_See also_ Bill of Rights.

Civil service, M. and office-seekers, =2=, 494;

Adams and partisan appointments, =3=, 81;

Jefferson's use of patronage, 81 _n._, 208.

_See also_ Religious tests.

Claiborne, William C. C.,

and election of Jefferson, reward, =3=, 81 _n._;

and Wilkinson and Burr conspiracy, 326, 331, 363, 366;

and Livingston, =4=, 102;

and steamboat monopoly, 414.

Clark, Daniel, and Burr, =3=, 294, 295;

and disunion rumors, 296.

Clark, Eugene F., acknowledgment to, =4=, 233 _n._

Clark, George Rogers, surveyor, =1=, 210 _n._;

Indiana Canal Company, =3=, 291 _n._

Classes, in colonial Virginia, =1=, 25-28;

after the Revolution, 277, 278.

Clay, Charles, in Virginia Ratification Convention, =1=, 472.

Clay, Henry, duelist, =3=, 278 _n._;

and Burr conspiracy, 296, 318, 319 _n._;

on Daveiss and Burr, 317 _n._;

as exponent of Nationalism, =4=, 28, 29;

as practitioner before M., 95, 135;

and Green _vs._ Biddle, 376;

counsel in Osborn _vs._ Bank, 385;

in debate on Supreme Court, 395;

Kremer's attack, 462 _n._;

Randolph duel, 463 _n._;

and report on M. and election of 1828, 464;

and American Colonization Society, 474;

and recharter of Bank of the United States, 530;

Compromise Tariff, 574.

Clayton, Philip, and Yazoo lands act, =3=, 547, 548.

Clayton, Samuel, in Virginia Constitutional Convention, =4=, 501 _n._

_Clermont_, Fulton's steamboat, =4=, 401 _n._

Clinton, De Witt, presidential candidacy (1812), =4=, 47.

Clinton, George, letter for second Federal convention, =1=, 379-81,

477, =2=, 49, 57 _n._;

elected Vice-President, =3=, 197;

defeats recharter of Bank of the United States, =4=, 176.

Clopton, John, deserts Congress (1798), =2=, 340 _n._;

candidacy (1798), 414.

Clothing. _See_ Dress.

Cobbett, William,

on American enthusiasm over French Revolution, =2=, 5 _n._;

as conservative editor, 30 _n._

Cockade, black, =2=, 343.

Cocke, William, on Judiciary Act of 1801, =3=, 57 _n._;

at Chase trial, 194.

Cohens _vs._ Virginia,

conditions causing opinion, its purpose, =4=, 342-44, 353;

facts, 344, 345;

as moot case, 343;

counsel, argument, 346;

M.'s opinion on appellate power, 347-57;

statement of State Rights position, 347;

supremacy of National Government, 347-49;

Federal Judiciary as essential agency in this supremacy, 349-52;

resistance of disunion, 352, 353;

State as party, Eleventh Amendment, 354-56;

hearing on merits, 357;

Roane's attack on, 358, 359;

rebuke of concurring Republican Justices, 358, 359;

M. on attacks, 359-62;

other Virginia attacks, 361 _n._;

Jefferson's attack on principles, M. on it, 362-66, 368-70;

attack as one on Union, 365;

Taylor's attack on principles, 366-68.

Coleman, _vs._ Dick and Pat, =2=, 180 _n._

Colhoun, John E., and repeal of Judiciary Act, =3=, 62 _n._, 72 _n._

College charters as contracts. _See_ Dartmouth College _vs._ Woodward.

Collins, Josiah, Granville heirs case, =4=, 154.

Collins, Minton, on economic division on Ratification, =1=, 313;

on opposition to Ratification, 322.

Colston, Rawleigh,

purchase of Fairfax estate, =2=, 203 _n._, 204, =4=, 149, 150 _n._;

M.'s debt, =3=, 224.

_Columbian Centinel_, on Republicans (1799), =3=, 43;

on Judiciary debate (1802), 65 _n._, 72 _n._, 99.

Commerce, effects of lack of transportation, =1=, 262;

Madison on need of uniform regulation, 312;

Jefferson's dislike, 316;

Federal powers in Ratification debate, 427, 477;

foreign, and South Carolina negro seamen act, Elkison case,

=4=, 382, 383;

power to regulate, and internal improvements, 417;

power over navigation, Brig Wilson _vs._ United States, 428, 429;

doctrine of common carrier and transportation of slaves, 478.

_See also_ Bankruptcy; Brown _vs._ Maryland; Communication; Economic

conditions; Gibbons _vs._ Ogden; Internal improvements;

Navigation acts; Neutral trade, New York _vs._ Miln;

Slave trade; Tariff.

Common carrier, doctrine, and transportation of slaves, =4=, 478.

Common law, Federal jurisdiction, =2=, 549 _n._, =3=, 23-29, 30 _n._,

78, 84, 89.

Commonwealth _vs._ Caton, =3=, 611.

Communication, roads of colonial Virginia, =1=, 36 _n._;

at period of Confederation and later, hardships of travel, 250,

255-64, =3=, 5 _n._, 55 _n._;

lack as index of political conditions, =1=, 251, 255;

sparseness of population, 264;

mails, 264-67;

character of newspapers, 267-70;

conditions breed demagogism, 290-92;

local isolation, =4=, 191.

_See also_ Commerce.

Commutable Act of Virginia, =1=, 207.

Concurrent jurisdiction of Federal and State courts, =1=, 452.

_See also_ Appellate jurisdiction.

Concurrent powers, M.'s exposition in Ratification debate, =1=, 436;

and State bankruptcy laws, =4=, 208-12;

commercial, 409.

Confederation, Washington on State antagonism, =1=, 206 _n._;

effect of British-debts controversy, 228, 228 _n._;

financial powerlessness, 232, 295-97, 304, 387, 388, 415-17;

effort for power to levy impost, 233;

debt problem, 233-35, 254;

proposed power to pass navigation acts, 234, 235;

social conditions during, 250-87;

popular spirit, 253, 254;

opportunity for demagogism, 288-92, 297, 309;

Shays's Rebellion, 298-304;

impotence of Congress, 305;

prosperity during, 306;

responsibility of masses for failure, 307;

responsibility of States for failure, 308-10;

antagonistic State tariff acts, 310, 311;

economic basis of failure, 310-13;

Jefferson on, 315;

Randolph on, 377;

Henry's defense, 388, 389, 399;

M.'s biography of Washington on, =3=, 259-61.

Congress,

Ratification debate on character, =1=, 344, 416, 419, 422, 423;

M. on discretionary powers (1788), 454;

_First_: titles, =2=, 36;

election in Virginia, 49, 50;

amendments, 58, 59;

funding, assumption, and National Capital, 59-64;

Judiciary, =3=, 53-56;

_Third_: Yazoo lands, 560, 569, 570;

_Fourth_: Jay Treaty, =3=, 148, 155;

Yazoo lands, =3=, 570;

_Fifth_: Adams's address on French depredations, =2=, 225, 226;

X. Y. Z. dispatches, 336, 338, 339;

war preparations, 355;

Alien and Sedition Acts, 381;

Georgia's Western claims, =3=, 573;

_Sixth_: M.'s campaign for, =2=, 374-80, 401, 409-16;

M.'s importance to Federalists, 432, 436, 437;

Adams's address at first session, 433;

reply of House, 433-36;

and presidential campaign, 438;

and death of Washington, 440-45;

M.'s activity, 445;

cession of Western Reserve, 446;

powers of territorial Governor, 446;

insult to Randolph, 446;

Marine Corps, 446-48;

land grants for veterans, 448;

and slavery, 449;

Sedition Law, 451;

M.'s independence, 451, 452;

Disputed Election Bill, 452-58;

Jonathan Robins case, 460-75;

reduction of army, 476-81;

Bankruptcy Bill, 481, 482;

results of first session, 482;

French treaty, 525;

M. and Adams's address at second session, 530, 531;

Jefferson-Burr contest, 532-47;

Judiciary Bill, 548-52, =3=, 53, 56;

reduction of navy, 458 _n._;

Georgia cession, 574;

_Seventh_: Judiciary in Jefferson's Message, 51-53;

repeal of Judiciary Act of 1801, 58-92;

Supreme Court, 94-97;

_Eighth_: impeachment of Pickering, 164-68;

Chase impeachment, 169-222;

electoral vote counting, 197;

Burr's farewell address, 274;

Yazoo claims, 575-82;

_Ninth_: Jefferson's Annual Message on Burr conspiracy, 337;

demand for information and Special Message, 339;

payment of Eaton's claim, 345 _n._;

attempt to suspend habeas corpus, 346-48;

Burr conspiracy debate, 357-60;

non-importation, =4=, 9;

_Tenth_: _Chesapeake-Leopard_ affair, =3=, 477;

attempt to amend law of treason, 540;

attempt to expel Senator Smith, 540-44;

Embargo, =4=, 11, 13, 14, 22;

Force Act, 16;

non-intercourse, 22;

_Eleventh_: Yazoo claims, =3=, 595-97;

Jackson resolution, =4=, 24;

Louisiana, 27;

bank, 173-76;

_Twelfth_: Yazoo claims, =3=, 597-600;

war, =4=, 29;

_Thirteenth_: Yazoo claims, =3=, 600;

St. Cloud Decree resolution, =4=, 48;

bank, 179;

_Fourteenth_: bank, 180;

salaries, 231 _n._;

Bonus Bill, 417;

_Fifteenth_: bank, 196 _n._, 288, 289;

internal improvements, 418;

_Sixteenth_: bankruptcy, 201, 302;

Missouri, 340-42;

_Seventeenth_: Judiciary, 371-79;

_Eighteenth_: Judiciary, 379, 380, 394, 450, 451;

internal improvements, 418-21;

presidential election, 462 _n._;

tariff, 536;

_Nineteenth_: Supreme Court, 451-53;

_Twentieth_: tariff, 537;

_Twenty-first_: Supreme Court, 514-17;

Cherokee Indians, 541;

Hayne-Webster debate, 552-55;

_Twenty-second_: Judiciary, 517 _n._;

recharter of Bank, 529-33;

river and harbor improvement, 534;

tariff, 559, 567, 574.

Conkling, Roscoe, resemblance to Pinkney, =4=, 133 _n._

Connecticut, Ratification, =1=, 325;

cession of Western Reserve, =2=, 446, =3=, 578;

and Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions, 105 _n._;

and Embargo, =4=, 17;

and War of 1812, 48 _n._;

and Livingston steamboat monopoly, 404.

Connecticut Reserve, cession, =2=, 446;

Granger's connection, =3=, 578.

Conrad and McMunn's boarding-house, =3=, 7.

Conscription, for War of 1812, =4=, 51.

Conservatism, growth, =1=, 252, 253;

M.'s extreme, =3=, 109, 265, =4=, 4, 55, 93, 479-83, 488.

_See also_ Democracy; Nationalism; People.

Consolidation. _See_ Nationalism.

Constitution, question of amending Virginia's (1784), =1=, 216;

attack on Virginia's (1789), =2=, 56 _n._;

Massachusetts Convention (1820), =4=, 471.

_See also_ Federal Constitution; Virginia Constitutional Convention.

Continental Congress, denunciation by army officers, =1=, 90;

flight, 102;

and intrigue against Washington, 122, 123;

decline, 124;

Washington's plea for abler men and harmony, 124-26, 131.

_See also_ Confederation.

Contraband, in Jay Treaty and X. Y. Z. Mission, =2=, 306;

M. on British unwarranted increase of list, 509-11.

Contracts, obligation of,

M.'s first connection with legislative franchise, =1=, 218;

and with ideas of contract, 223, 224;

in debate on Ratification, 428;

M. on, as political factor under Confederation, =3=, 259-61;

M. on (1806), and new National Government, 263;

importance of M.'s expositions, 556, 593-95, =4=, 213, 219, 276-81;

legal-tender violation, =3=, 557;

origin of clause in Federal Constitution, 557 _n._, 558 _n._;

effect of constitutional clause on public mind, 558;

and repeal of Yazoo land act, 562, 563, 586;

discussions of repeal, 571, 572;

congressional debate on Yazoo claims, 575, 579, 580;

M.'s interest in stability, 582;

M.'s opinion in Fletcher _vs._ Peck, repeal of Yazoo act as

impairment, 586-91;

and corrupt legislation, 587;

involved in Sturges _vs._ Crowninshield, =4=, 209, 212;

meaning in Constitution, 213;

contract of future acquisitions and insolvency laws, 214;

not limited to paper money obligations, 214;

not necessary to enumerate particular subjects, 215;

humanitarian limitations, 215, 216;

broad field without historical limitations, 216-18, 269, 271;

New Jersey _vs._ Wilson, exemption of lands from taxation, 221-23;

Dartmouth College case, right to change charter of public

institution, 230 _n._, 235, 243;

limitation to private rights, 234, 263;

colleges as eleemosynary not civil corporations, 241-44, 247,

263, 264;

Terrett _vs._ Taylor, private rights under grants to towns,

243 _n._, 246;

precedents in Dartmouth College case, 245-47;

college charters as contracts, 262;

purpose of college does not make it public institution, 264;

nor does act of incorporation, 265-68;

rights of non-profiting trustees, 268, 269;

and public policy, 270-72;

as element in strife of political theories, 370;

and Kentucky occupying claimant law, 375-77, 380-82;

Ogden _vs._ Saunders, future, not violated by insolvency laws, 480;

M.'s dissent, 481.

Conway Cabal, =1=, 121-23.

Cook, Daniel P., on Missouri question, =4=, 342.

Cooke, ----, tavern at Raleigh, =4=, 65.

Cooke, John R., in Virginia Constitutional Convention, =4=, 502 _n._

Cooper, Thomas, sedition trial, =3=, 33, 34, 86.

Cooper, William, on Jefferson-Burr contest, =2=, 546 _n._

Cooper _vs._ Telfair, =3=, 612.

Corbin, Francis,

and calling of Virginia Ratification Convention, =1=, 245;

in Ratification Convention; characterized, 396;

in the debate, 396, 435;

on detailed debate, 432;

on badges of aristocracy, =2=, 78.

Cornwallis, Earl of, Brandywine, =1=, 95.

Corporations, M.'s definition, =4=, 265;

M.'s opposition to State regulation, 479;

presumptive authorization of agency, M.'s dissent, 482, 483.

_See also_ Contracts.

Correspondence, M.'s negligence, =1=, 183 _n._, =4=, 203 _n._

Cotton, effect of invention of gin, =3=, 555.

Council of State of Virginia, M.'s election to, =1=, 209;

as a political machine, 210, 217 _n._;

M. forced out, 211, 212.

Counterfeiting, of paper money, =1=, 297, =4=, 195.

County court system of Virginia,

political machine, =4=, 146, 147, 485-88;

debate in Constitutional Convention on (1830), 491-93.

Court days, as social event, =1=, 284.

_See also_ Judiciary.

Court martial, M. on jurisdiction, =2=, 447, 448.

Coxe, Tench, on British depredations on neutral trade, =2=, 506 _n._

Craig, Hiram. See Craig _vs._ Missouri.

Craig _vs._ Missouri, facts, State loan certificates, =4=, 509;

M.'s opinion, certificates as bills of credit, 510-12;

his reply to threat of disunion, 512;

dissenting opinions, 513;

and renewal of attack on Supreme Court, 514-17;

repudiated, 584 _n._

Cranch, William, and trial of Swartwout and Bollmann, =3=, 344, 346.

Crawford, Thomas H., and attack on Supreme Court, =4=, 515.

Crawford, William H., and Yazoo frauds, =3=, 552;

and recharter of first Bank of the United States, =4=, 174, 175;

and Treasury portfolio (1825), 462 _n._;

and American Colonization Society, 474.

Creek Indians, power, =3=, 553.

Crèvecoeur, Hector St. John de, on frontier farmers, =1=, 30 _n._

Crime, M. on jurisdiction over cases on high seas, =2=, 465-67;

Federal punishment of common-law offenses, =3=, 23-29.

_See also_ Alien and Sedition Acts; Extradition.

Crisis of 1819, banking and speculation, =4=, 176-85;

bank suits to recover loans, 185, 198;

popular demand for more money, 186;

character of State bank notes, 191-96;

early mismanagement of second Bank of the United States, 196;

its reforms and demands on State banks force crisis, 197-99;

popular hostility to it, 198, 199, 206;

lax bankrupt laws and frauds, 200-03;

influence on M., 205;

distress and demagoguery, 206;

movement to destroy Bank of United States through State taxation,

206-08;

M.'s decisions as remedies, 208, 220.

_See also_ Dartmouth College _vs._ Woodward; M'Culloch _vs._

Maryland; Sturges _vs._ Crowninshield.

Crissy, James, publishes biography of Washington, =3=, 273 _n._

Crouch, Richard, on M., =4=, 67 _n._

Crowninshield, Richard. See Sturges _vs._ Crowninshield.

Culpeper County, Va., minute men, =1=, 69.

Curtius letters on M.'s candidacy (1798), =2=, 395, 396;

recalled, =3=, 534.

Cushing, William, and Chief Justiceship, =3=, 121 _n._;

Fletcher _vs._ Peck, 584, 585 _n._;

death, =4=, 60, 106.

Cushman, Joshua, on expansion, =4=, 342 _n._

Cutler, Manasseh,

on Chase trial, =3=, 183 _n._, 212 _n._, 217 _n._, 221.

Daggett, David, counsel in Sturges _vs._ Crowninshield, =4=, 209;

on Holmes in Dartmouth College case, 253 _n._

Dallas, Alexander J., in Fries trial, =3=, 36;

and Burr, 68 _n._;

counsel in _Nereid_ case, =4=, 131.

Dana, Edmund P., testimony in Burr trial, =3=, 491.

Dana, Francis, and X. Y. Z. Mission, =2=, 227;

sedition trial, =3=, 44-46;

on declaring acts void, 117.

Dana, Samuel W., Jonathan Robins case, =2=, 472, 475;

in Judiciary debate (1802), =3=, 90, 91;

on Chandler case, 130 _n._;

and Eaton's report on Burr's plans, 305 _n._

Dandridge, Julius B., case, =4=, 482.

Daniel, Henry, attack on Supreme Court, =4=, 515.

Daniel, William, grand juror on Burr, =3=, 413 _n._

Dartmouth, Earl of, and Dartmouth College, =4=, 224.

Dartmouth College _vs._ Woodward,

origin of college, charter, =4=, 223-26;

troubles, 226-29;

political involution, 229;

State reorganization and annulment of charter, 230, 231;

rival administrations, 231-33;

Story's relationship, 232, 243 _n._, 251, 252, 257, 259 _n._,

274, 275;

counsel, 233, 234, 237-40, 259;

case, 233;

story of recruiting Indian students, 233 _n._;

State trial and decision, 234-36;

appeal to Supreme Court, lack of public interest there, 236;

argument, 240-55;

effort to place case on broader basis, 244, 251, 252;

Webster's tribute to Dartmouth, 248-50;

continued, 255;

influences on Justices, Kent, 255-58, 258 _n._, 259 _n._;

fees and portraits, 255 _n._;

value of Shirley's book on, 258 _n._, 259 _n._;

Pinkney's attempt to reopen, frustrated by M., 259-61, 274;

M.'s opinion, 261-73;

judgment _nunc pro tunc_, 273;

later public attention, 275;

far-reaching consequences, modern attitude, 276-81;

recent discussions, 280 _n._

_See also_ Contracts.

Daveiss, Joseph Hamilton, Federal appointment, =2=, 560 _n._;

and Burr conspiracy, =3=, 315-19;

middle name, 317 _n._;

pamphlet, 525.

Davis, ----, on "Hail, Columbia!" =2=, 343 _n._

Davis, David, on Dartmouth College case, =4=, 280.

Davis, John, and M.'s candidacy for President, =4=, 33;

identity, 34 _n._

Davis, Judge John, United States _vs._ Palmer, =4=, 126.

Davis, Sussex D., anecdote of M., =4=, 83 _n._

Davis, Thomas T., in debate on repeal of Judiciary Act, =3=, 74.

Davis, William R., on Judiciary Act of 1789, =3=, 54;

Granville heirs case, =4=, 154;

report on Supreme Court, 515.

Dawson, Henry B.,

on bribery in Massachusetts Ratification, =1=, 354 _n._

Dawson, John, in Virginia Ratification Convention, =1=, 470.

Dawson's Lessee _vs._ Godfrey, =4=, 54 _n._

Dayson, Aquella, sells land to M., =1=, 196.

Dayson, Lucy, sells land to M., =1=, 196.

Dayton, Jonathan, support of Adams (1800), =2=, 518;

in debate on repeal of Judiciary Act, =3=, 67;

and Pickering impeachment, 167, 168 _n._;

and Burr conspiracy, 290, 291, 300, 308;

career, 290 _n._;

Indiana Canal Company, 291 _n._;

_nolle prosequi_, 515;

security for Burr, 517.

Deane, Silas, and Beaumarchais, =2=, 292 _n._

Dearborn, Henry, and Ogden-Smith trial, =3=, 436 _n._

Debating at William and Mary, =1=, 158.

Debts, spirit of repudiation of private, =1=, 294, 298;

imprisonment for, =3=, 13 _n._, 15 _n._, =4=, 215, 216;

and hostility to lawyers, =3=, 23 _n._;

M. on political factor under Confederation, 259-61.

_See also_ British debts;

Contracts; Crisis of 1819; Finances; Public debts.

Decatur, Stephen, and Burr conspiracy, =3=, 302, 303;

at trial of Burr, testimony, 452, 458, 488 _n._;

career and grievance, 458 _n._

Declaration of Independence, anticipated, =3=, 118;

M.'s biography of Washington on, 244.

Declaring acts void, Henry on, =1=, 429;

M. on, in Ratification debate, 452, 453, =2=, 18;

Jefferson's suppressed paragraph on (1801), =3=, 52;

congressional debate on judicial right (1802), 60, 62, 64, 67-71,

73, 74, 82, 85, 87, 91;

M.'s preparation for assertion of power, 104, 109;

Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions and State Rights doctrine, 105-08;

effect of this, 108;

necessity of decision on power, 109, 131;

problem of vehicle for assertion, 111, 121-24;

dangers involved in M.'s course, 111-14;

question in Federal Convention, 114-16;

importance of Marbury _vs._ Madison, unique opportunity, 116, 118,

127, 131, 142;

no new argument in it, M.'s knowledge of previous opinions, 116-20,

611-13;

condition of Supreme Court as obstacle to M.'s determination, 120;

dilemma of Marbury _vs._ Madison as vehicle, solution, 126-33;

opinion on power in Marbury _vs._ Madison, 138-42;

effect of decision on attacks on Judiciary, 143, 153, 155;

Jefferson and opinion, 143, 144, 153;

lack of public notice of opinion, 153-55;

M. suggests legislative reversal of judicial opinions, 177, 178;

bibliography, 613;

M.'s avoidance in Federal laws, =4=, 117, 118;

his caution in State laws, 261;

Supreme Court action on State laws, 373, 377;

proposed measures to restrict it, 378-80.

_See also_ Judiciary; and, respecting State laws, Appellate

jurisdiction; Contracts; Eleventh Amendment, and the

following cases: Brown _vs._ Maryland; Cohens _vs._ Virginia;

Craig _vs._ Missouri; Dartmouth College _vs._ Woodward;

Fletcher _vs._ Peck; Gibbons _vs._ Ogden; Green _vs._ Biddle;

M'Culloch _vs._ Maryland; Martin _vs._ Hunter's Lessee;

New Jersey _vs._ Wilson; Osgood _vs._ Bank;

Sturges _vs._ Crowninshield; Terrett _vs._ Taylor;

Worcester _vs._ Georgia.

Dedham, Mass., denounces lawyers, =3=, 23 _n._

Delaware, Ratification, =1=, 325.

Delaware Indians, New Jersey land case, =4=, 221-23.

Demagogism,

opportunity and tales under Confederation, =1=, 290-92, 297, 309;

J. Q. Adams on opportunity, =2=, 17;

and crisis of, 1819, =4=, 206.

_See also_ Government.

Democracy,

growth of belief in restriction, =1=, 252, 253, 300-02, 308;

union with State Rights, =3=, 48;

M.'s extreme lack of faith in, 109, 265, =4=, 4, 55, 93, 479-83,

488;

chaotic condition after War of 1812, =4=, 170.

_See also_ Government; People; Social conditions.

Democratic Party, as term of contempt, =2=, 439 _n._, =3=, 234 _n._

_See also_ Republican Party.

Democratic societies, development, =2=, 38;

opposition and support, 38-41;

decline, 41;

and Whiskey Insurrection, 88;

and Jay's negotiations, 113.

Denmark, and Barbary Powers, =2=, 499.

Dennison, ----, and Yazoo lands act, =3=, 547.

De Pestre, Colonel, attempt to seduce, =3=, 515 _n._

Despotism, demagogic fear, =1=, 291;

feared under Federal Constitution, 333;

in Ratification debate, 352, 398, 400, 404, 406, 409-11, 417, 427,

428.

Dexter, Samuel, and M. (1796), =2=, 198;

Secretary of War, 485, 493, 494;

_Aurora_ on, 492;

seals M.'s commission, 557;

and M.'s logic, =4=, 85;

as practitioner before M., 95;

counsel in Martin _vs._ Hunter's Lessee, 161;

as court orator, 133.

Dickinson, John,

in Federal Convention, on declaring acts void, =3=, 115 _n._

Dickinson, Philemon, and intrigue against Adams, =2=, 529 _n._

_Diligente, Amelia_ case, =3=, 16.

Dinners, as form of social life in Richmond, =3=, 394;

of Quoit Club, =4=, 77;

M.'s lawyer, 78, 79.

Direct tax,

Fries's Insurrection and pardon, =2=, 429-31, 435, =3=, 34-36.

_See also_ Taxation.

Directory, M. declines mission to, =2=, 144-46;

18th Fructidor, 230, 245 _n._, 246 _n._;

M. on it, 232, 236-44;

M.'s analysis of economic conditions, 267-70;

English negotiations (1797), 295;

preparations against England (1798), 321, 322;

need of funds, 322, 323.

_See also_ Franco-American War;

French Revolution; X. Y. Z. Mission.

Discipline, in Revolutionary army, =1=, 87, 120.

Disestablishment, Virginia controversy, =1=, 221, 222;

in New Hampshire, =4=, 227, 230 _n._

Disputed Elections Bill (1800), =2=, 452-58.

District-attorneys, United States, plan to remove Federalist, =3=, 21.

District of Columbia, popular fear of, =1=, 291, 438, 439, 456, 477.

_See also_ Capital; Washington, D.C.

_Divina Pastora_ case, =4=, 128.

Division of powers, arguments on, during Ratification, =1=, 320, 334,

375, 382, 388, 405, 438;

supremacy of National powers, =4=, 293, 302-08, 347-49, 438.

_See also_ Nationalism.

Divorce, by legislation, =2=, 55 _n._

Doddridge, Philip,

in Virginia Constitutional Convention, =4=, 502 _n._;

on attack on Supreme Court, 515.

Domicil in enemy country, enemy character of property, =4=, 128, 129.

Dorchester, Lord, Indian speech, =2=, 111.

Drake, James, and sedition trial, =3=, 32.

Dred Scott case, and declaring Federal acts void, =3=, 132 _n._

Dress, frontier, =1=, 40;

of Virginia legislators, 59, 200;

contrast of elegance and squalor, 280;

of early National period, =3=, 396, 397.

Drinking, in colonial and later Virginia, =1=, 23;

rules of William and Mary College on, 156 _n._;

extent (c. 1800), 186 _n._, 281-83, =2=, 102 _n._, =3=, 400,

501 _n._;

M.'s wine bills, =1=, 186;

distilleries, =2=, 86 _n._;

at Washington, =3=, 9;

frontier, =4=, 189 _n._

Duane, William, prosecution by Senate, =2=, 454 _n._;

trial for sedition, =3=, 46 _n._;

advances to Blennerhassett, 514.

_See also_ _Aurora_.

Duché, Jacob, beseeches Washington to apostatize, =1=, 105.

Duckett, Allen B., and Swartwout and Bollmann, =3=, 346.

Dueling, prevalence, =3=, 278 _n._

Dunbar, Thomas, in Braddock's defeat, =1=, 5.

Dunbaugh, Jacob, and trial of Burr, evidence, =3=, 393, 459, 462, 463;

credibility destroyed, 523.

Dunmore, Lord, Norfolk raid, =1=, 74-79.

Dutrimond, ----, and X. Y. Z. Mission, =2=, 326.

Duval, Gabriel, appointed Justice, =4=, 60;

and Dartmouth College case, 255;

dissent in Ogden _vs._ Saunders, 482 _n._;

resigns, 582, 584;

and Briscoe _vs._ Bank and New York _vs._ Miln, 583.

Dwight, Theodore, on Republican rule (1801), =3=, 12.

Early, Peter, argument in Chase trial, =3=, 197.

Eaton, John H., on Supreme Court, =4=, 451.

Eaton, William, on Jefferson, =3=, 149 _n._;

antagonism to Jefferson, 302;

career in Africa, 302 _n._, 303 _n._;

conference with Burr, report of it, 303-05, 307;

affidavit on Burr's statement, 345, 352;

claim paid, 345 _n._;

at trial of Burr, testimony, 429, 452, 459, 487;

loses public esteem, 523.

Economic conditions, influence on Federal Convention and Ratification,

=1=, 241, 242, 310, 312, 429 _n._, 441 _n._;

prosperity during Confederation, 306;

influence on attitude towards French Revolution, =2=, 42;

and first parties, 75, 96 _n._, 125 _n._

_See also_ Banking; Commerce;

Contracts; Crisis of 1819; Land; Prices; Social conditions.

_Edinburgh Review_, on M.'s biography of Washington, =3=, 271;

on United States (1820), =4=, 190 _n._

Education, of colonial Virginia women, =1=, 18 _n._, 24 _n._;

in colonial Virginia, 24;

M.'s, 42, 53, 57;

condition under Confederation, 271-73;

M. on general, =4=, 472.

_See also_ Dartmouth College _vs._ Woodward; Social conditions.

Eggleston, Joseph, grand juror on Burr, =3=, 412.

Egotism, as National characteristic, =3=, 13.

Eighteenth Fructidor _coup d'état_, =2=, 230, 245 _n._, 246 _n._;

M. on, 232, 236-44;

Pinckney and, 246 _n._

Elections, Federal, in Virginia (1789), =2=, 49, 50;

(1794), 106;

State, in Virginia (1795), 129-30;

Henry and presidential candidacy (1796), 156-58;

M.'s campaign for Congress (1798), 374-80, 401, 409-16;

issues in 1798, 410;

methods and scenes in Virginia, 413.

_1800_:

Federalist dissensions, Hamiltonian plots, =2=, 438, 488, 515-18,

521, 526;

issues, 439, 520;

influence of campaign on Congress, 438;

Federalist bill to control, M.'s defeat of it, 452-58;

effect of defeat of bill, 456;

effect of Federalist dissensions, 488;

Adams's attack on Hamiltonians, 518, 525;

Adams's advances to Jefferson, 519;

Republican ascendancy, 519, 521;

and new French negotiations, 522, 524;

M.'s efforts for Federalist harmony, 526;

Hamilton's attack on Adams, 527-29;

campaign virulence, 529;

size of Republican success, 531;

Federalist press on result, 532 _n._;

Jefferson-Burr contest in Congress, 532-47;

Jefferson's fear of Federalist intentions, 533;

reasons for Federalist support of Burr, 534-36;

Burr and Republican success, 535 _n._;

M.'s neutrality, 536-38;

his personal interest in contest, 538, 539;

influence of his neutrality, 539;

Burr's refusal to favor Federalist plan, 539 _n._;

_Washington Federalist's_ contrast of Jefferson and Burr,

541 _n._;

question of deadlock and appointment of a Federalist, 541-43;

Jefferson's threat of armed resistance, 543;

Federalists ignore threat, 544, 545 _n._;

effect of Burr's attitude and Jefferson's promises, 545-47,

=3=, 18;

election of Jefferson, =2=, 547;

rewards to Republican workers, =3=, 81 _n._

_1804_:

Campaign and attacks on Judiciary, =3=, 184.

_1812_:

M.'s candidacy, =4=, 31-34;

Clinton as candidate, 47;

possible victory if M. had been nominated, 47.

_1828_:

M. and, 462-65.

_1832_:

Bank as issue, 532 _n._, 533;

M.'s attitude, 534.

Electoral vote, counting in open session, =3=, 197.

Eleventh Amendment, origin, =2=, 84 _n._, =3=, 554;

purpose and limitation, =4=, 354;

and suits against State officers, 385, 387-91.

Elkison, Henry, case, =4=, 382.

Elliot, James, on Wilkinson's conduct, =3=, 358.

Elliot, Jonathan, inaccuracy of _Debates_, =1=, 388 _n._

Ellsworth, Oliver, and presidential candidacy (1800), =2=, 438;

on Sedition Law, 451;

resigns Chief Justiceship, 552;

and common-law jurisdiction on expatriation, =3=, 27, =4=, 53;

and Judiciary Act of 1789, =3=, 53, 128;

on obligation of contracts, 558 _n._

Ellsworth, William W., and attack on Supreme Court, =4=, 515.

Emancipation,

as involved in Nationalist development, =4=, 370, 420, 536.

Embargo Act, =4=, 11;

effect, opposition, 12-16;

M.'s opinion, 14, 118;

Force Act, 16;

repeal, 22.

_See also_ Neutral trade.

Emmet, Thomas A., as practitioner before M., =4=, 95, 135 _n._;

counsel in _Nereid_ case, 131;

appearance, 133;

counsel in Gibbons _vs._ Ogden, 424, 427.

Eppes, John W., and attempt to suspend habeas corpus (1807), =3=, 348;

and amendment on Judiciary, =4=, 378 _n._

Eppes, Tabby, M.'s gossip on, =1=, 182.

Equality, demand for division of property, =1=, 294, 298;

lack of social (1803), =3=, 13.

Equity, M. and Virginia act on proceedings (1787), =1=, 218-20.

_See also_ Judiciary.

Erskine, David M., non-intercourse controversy, =4=, 22.

Everett, Edward, and Madison's views on Nullification, =4=, 556.

_Exchange case_, =4=, 121-25.

Excise, unpopularity of Federal, =2=, 86;

New England and, 86 _n._

_See also_ Taxation; Whiskey Insurrection.

Exclusive powers, and State bankruptcy laws, =4=, 208-12.

_See also_ Gibbons _vs._ Ogden.

Expatriation, Ellsworth's denial of right, =3=, 27;

and impressment, 27 _n._

_See also_ Impressment.

Exterritoriality of foreign man-of-war, =4=, 122-25.

Extradition, foreign, Virginia act (1784), =1=, 235-41;

Jonathan Robins case, =2=, 458-75.

"Faction," as a term of political reproach, =2=, 410 _n._

Fairfax, Baron, career and character, =1=, 47-50;

influence on Washington and M.'s father, 50.

_See also_ Fairfax estate.

Fairfax, Denny M., M.'s debt, =3=, 223;

and Hunter's grant, =4=, 147;

sale of land to M.'s brother, 150 _n._

Fairfax estate, M.'s argument on right, =1=, 191-96;

M.'s purchase and title, 196, =2=, 100, 101, 203-11, 371, 373,

=3=, 582;

in Reconstruction debate, =1=, 447-49, 458;

Jay Treaty and, =2=, 129;

controversy over title, Virginia Legislature and compromise, 206,

209, =4=, 148-50;

and Judiciary Bill (1801), =2=, 551;

M.'s children at, =4=, 74;

M.'s life at, 74.

Bellini, Charles, professor at William and Mary, =1=, 155 _n._