A
_Alatri_, its alliance with Rome, 206; its special interest
to be found in its primæval remains, 207; not named in the
Itineraries, _ib._; its walls, 209, 212 _et seq._; position
of the _arx_, 210, 213; its cathedral church on the site of
the primæval temple, 211, 212, 219; gateway of the _arx_,
215; contrasted with Mykênê, 216; mediæval remains at,
298; church of Sta. Maria Maggiore at, _ib._; its domestic
architecture, _ib._
_Alba_, its destruction, 110, 112, 120; use of the name,
_ib._; Roman villas at, 111, 112; analogy of its relation to
Albano with that of Spalato and Salona, 112. See _Albano_.
_Alban Lake_, the, 110, 114, 119, 165
_Alban Mount_, the, 110, 119, 165; remains of temple of
Jupiter Latiaris on, 111, 122, 142
_Albania_, use of the name, 108, 109
_Albano_ (Alba), imperial dwelling-place, 112; its relation
to Alba contrasted with that of Spalato and Salona, _ib._;
tomb of Pompeius at, 113; so-called tomb of Aruns at, _ib._
_Ἀλβανοί_, use of the name, 109, 110, 222
_Albanum_. See _Albano_.
_Alexander III._, Pope, consecrated at Ninfa, 147
_Anagni_ (Anagnia), its position beyond Rome, 167; the city
of Boniface VIII., 168; the halting-place of Pyrrhos and
Hannibal, 169; head of the Hernican confederation, _ib._,
172; joins the Triple League, 172; physical position of, 173;
its ancient walls, _ib._; how they differ from those at Cori
and Segni, 174, 175, 179; Hernican Anagnia not in Macaulay's
catalogues, 174; variety of construction in its walls,
175-177; question as to their earliest date, 177-180; decline
of its power, 179; separate wall of the _arx_, 180; special
character of derived from its walls, _ib._, 181; historically
famous for its mediæval Popes, 181; rich mediæval remains in,
_ib._, 182; compared with Avignon, 181; cathedral church at,
183; the _Locanda d'Italia_ no longer exists at, 219
_Ancona_, triumphal arch of Trajan at, 268
_Anselm_, at Telesia, 256; defends the _Filioque_ at the
Council of Bari, 305; sheltered at _Schiavia_, 307
_Antemnæ_, lack of remains at, 88, 94-96; its legendary
story, 92; derivation of its name, 93
_Antivari_, Eastern Bari, 280, 295
_Anxur_ (Terracina), 120, 121, 128
_Appian Way_, the, its namesake at Perugia, 28; remains of,
115; arch of Trajan at Beneventum commemorates the repair of,
269
_Apulia_, plain of, 251, 282; mixture of architectural styles
in, 293, 294
_Aquileia_, its special position in history, 239, 240
_Arch_, the, early striving after, at Norba, 145; at Signia,
160-162; its principle known at Anagni, 175, 179, 180; the
true form not found at Alatri, 215; the pointed arch in
Southern Italy, Sicily, and Aquitaine Romanesque, not Gothic,
243
_Arches_, triumphal, their purely monumental character, 268,
269
_Arco Gotico_, at Tusculum, origin of the name, 161, 162
_Arezzo_, its historical and physical position, 1-7, 13; its
Medicean walls, 4, 5; lack of domestic architecture in, 8;
the _Duomo_ and church of Sta. Maria della Pieve, 6, 7, 9-11
_Aricia_, old and new, 114, 115, 126, 165
_Arles_, Roman theatre at, compared with that at Ostia, 103
_Assisi_, præ-Franciscan, its analogy with præ-academic
Oxford, 48; the birth-place of Propertius and Metastasio, 48,
49; Roman and mediæval remains in, 49, 52-57; its physical
position, 50-52; so-called temple of Minerva at, 52-54; its
dedication to Castor and Pollux, _ib._; Roman inscriptions,
54
_Athens_, her sea-port of later origin than Ostia, 99
_Aurelius_, Marcus, Emperor, at Anagnia, 178
_Aversa_, Norman county of, 241
_Avignon_, its papal buildings compared with those of Anagni,
181
B
_Bari_, Western, as opposed to Antivari, 279, 280, 295; under
Mussulman rule, 296; won back by both Empires in 871, _ib._;
under the Eastern Empire, _ib._; protected by Venice, 297;
Norman conquest of, _ib._; council at, held by Pope Urban,
_ib._, 305; Greek character of, 298; mixed Norman and Italian
style of architecture in, _ib._; Abbey of St. Nicolas and
cathedral church of St. Sabinus at, 299-305; its cosmopolitan
character, 306; tomb of Bona, Queen of Poland, in church of
St. Nicolas, 306, 307
_Barletta_, 285, 287
_Basilicas_, 238-241
_Belisarius_, at Beneventum, 273
_Beneventum_ (Benevento), the battle-ground of Pyrrhos and
Manfred, 262, 272, 278; its position in history, 264 _et.
seq._; principality of, _ib._; Lombardy duchy of, 266;
papal possession of, _ib._; its change of name, _ib._, 267;
described by Procopius, _ib._, 279; arch of Trajan at, 268,
271, 272; among the Thirty Cities, 273; Belisarius at, _ib._;
taken by Totilas, _ib._; monumental records preserved in its
metropolitan church, _ib._, 274; overthrown by Frederick the
Second, 274, 275; Canterbury cope worn by archbishop of, 276,
305; the castle, 277; _Quaranta Santi_, 278
_Bitonto_, mixture of Norman and Italian elements in its
cathedral church, 288-294
_Bona_, wife of Sigismund, King of Poland, her tomb at Bari,
306, 307
_Boniface VIII._, Pope, his end at Anagni, 164, 168; his
vestments kept at Anagni, 183
_Brundisium_ (Brindisi), 285; final point in the journey of
Horace and Mæcenas, 307; whence the meaning of _Brentesium_?
_ib._, 308
_Bunbury_, Sir E. H., on Anagnia, 177
C
_Calor_ (Calore), tributary stream of Vulturnus, 256, 264
_Campo di Annibale_, 119, 122
_Capua_ (Vulturnum), old and new, 226, 227, 240;
amphitheatre, 227-229; contrasted with the Roman coliseum,
228, 229; date of the ancient city, 230; its Roman
citizenship, 231; its revolt, 232; Roman conquest of, _ib._,
242; taken by the Saracens, _ib._
_Caserta_, 226, 227
_Casilinum_, new Capua, ancient Capua moved to, 226, 232,
241; Norman principality of, 241, 242
_Cassius_, Spurius, wins over Anagnia to the Triple League,
170, 172
_Castel Gandolfo_, 118, 119
_Castel Giubeleo_, 77, 83. See _Fidenæ_.
_Castiglione Fiorentino_, 13
_Chiana_, tributary of the Arno, 3; valley of the, local
tradition assigned to its fossil elephants, 8, 9
_Circeii_ (Monte Circello), 120, 128, 143
_Colline Gate_, the, its historical associations, 79-81, 259,
261
_Constantine Porphyrogenêtos_, his description of the Sultan
of Bari, 296
_Cora_ (Cori), its primæval walls, 129, 132, 166, 174; later
walls, 131; temple of Hercules, 132, 133, 166; supplanted by
church of St. Peter, 132, 134, 135; church of St. Oliva at,
135; its physical position contrasted with Norba, 140, 141
_Corinth_, later stage of her havens, 98; her colonies,
_ib._, 99
_Cortona_, its physical position compared with that of
Argos and Corinth, 13, 14; compared with Perugia, Laon, and
Girgenti, _ib._; owes its distinctive character to its walls,
15, 16, 19-21; its early greatness, 15; its decline, 16;
ecclesiastical and municipal buildings in, 17-19; Mykênaian
character of its Etruscan gate, 20; the Etruscan Muse, 21,
22; contrasted with Perugia, 23-28
_Cosmo de' Medici_, Duke of Florence and Siena, his
inscription at Arezzo, 6; his later title, _ib._
_Creighton_, M. (present Bishop of Peterborough), quoted, 123
D
_Documents_, official, errors in, 200, 201
E
_Eadmer_, at Bari, 305
_Emissarius_, the, of the Alban Lake, 117; contrasted with
that of the Fucine Lake, _ib._
_Etruscans_, their cities remain free until the days of
Sulla, 20; their analogy with Freemasons, 34, 35; their
tongue remains a riddle, 36; their sculpture derives more
force from the absence of literature, 37-40; analogy of
Etruscan and Roman change of nomenclature with English and
Norman, 43, 44; Christian and modern character of their
sculpture, 44, 45
F
_Felimna_, Avle, Etruscan tomb of, 42, 43, 197
_Ferentinum_ (Ferentino), whether a Thirty-city, 186, 187,
188; its position, 188; its walls and gateways, 189-192, 202;
monument of Aulus Quinctilius at, 193; question as to the
date of its walls, 194 _et seq._; inscriptions on the _arx_,
195, 197; alliance of with Rome, 198, 199, 205, 206; wrongly
called a _municipium_ by Aulus Gellius, 200, 201; cathedral
church at, 202, 205; inner buildings of the _arx_, 204;
church of Sta. Maria Maggiore, _ib._
_Fidenæ_, the ally of Veii, 78; destroyed by Rome, _ib._, 85;
position of its _arx_, 83, 84; desolation of, 85, 87
_Foggia_, the capital of Apulia, 282; palace of Frederick
_II._ at, 283; death of Empress Isabel at, _ib._; church at,
_ib._
_Frederick II._, Emperor, destroys Benevento, 274, 275;
remains of his palace at Foggia, 283
_Freemasons_, modern, their analogy with ancient Etruscans,
34, 35
_Frosinone_ (Frusino), 208
G
_Gavignano_, 155, 163, 172
_Gellius_, Aulus, his story about Ferentinum, 199
_Girgenti_, compared with Cortona, 14
_Gracchus_, Gaius, his speech quoted by Aulus Gellius, 199
_Gracchus_, Tiberius, his reception at Beneventum, 272, 273
_Gregoriopolis_, 105
_Gsell-fels_, guidebook of, referred to, 59, 152, 167, 283
H
_Hannibal_, son of Hamilkar Barak, at Anagnia, 169, 179; at
Capua, 226, 236; revolt of the city to, from Rome, 232, 234;
his camp at Tifata, 233, 234; scanty records concerning, 235
_Harpur_, Sir William, Aulus Quinctilius compared to, 192
_Hernicans_, the, scanty records concerning, 170, 255;
importance of their geographical position, 170, 171, 172
_Hirtius_, Aulus, censor of Ferentinum, 197, 199, 202
I
_Innocent III._, Pope, his birthplace, whether at Segni or
Gavignano, 163; his vestments kept at Anagni, 183
_Isabel_, wife of Frederick II., dies at Foggia, 283
_Italy_, Southern, a part of Hellas, 224, 225; use of the
pointed arch in, 243; interest maintained in its cities, 284
K
_Korkyra_ (Corfu), held by Pyrrhos and Manfred, 279; never
under the Turk, _ib._, 308
L
_Laon_, compared with Cortona, 14
_Lollius_, Marcus, censor of Ferentinum, 197, 199, 202
M
_Macaulay_, Lord, his verses on the Thirty Cities, 151, 152;
Signia not named by, _ib._; Anagnia not in his catalogues,
174; whether Ferentinum is rightly placed by, 187;
fittingness of his epithet for Ferentinum, 188
_Manfred_, King of Sicily, 253, 262, 272, 278, 279
_Marcellus_, Marcus Claudius, his triumph by the Alban Mount,
111, 166
_Marcius_, Ancus, traditional founder of Ostia, 97, 98
_Maxim_, Volscian or Hernican, on beggars, 220
_Member of Parliament_, misuse of the name, 201
_Milvian Bridge_, the, its historical associations, 89
_Monte Cavo_, see _Alban Mount_.
_Monte Parioli_, 91
_Muse_, the, of Cortona, 21, 22
N
_Nemi_, Lake of, 114-116, 234, 235
_Ninfa_, 126, 140, 142, 146; its striking desolation,
146-150, 166; its mediæval wall, 147
_Norba_, its ancient wall, 137 _et seq._, 147, 149, 166;
its position contrasted with Cora, 140, 141; early strivings
after the arch at, 145
_Norma_, 140-142
O
_Opus Signinum_, theory suggested as to its origin, 152
_Ostia_, the haven of Rome, 96, 97, 99, 121; its traditional
foundation, 98; an integral part of Rome, 99, 100; its
remains endangered by the Tiber, 100, 101, 106, 107;
contrasted with Pompeii, 101, 102; _not_ destroyed by the
Saracens in the fifth century, 102; Roman remains in, 103;
how described by Procopius, _ib._; its early walls, 104; new
Ostia, 105
_Otranto_, the entrance-place of the Turk into Western
Europe, 223; view of enslaved Epeiros from, 307
_Oxford_, præ-academic, its importance, 47; its analogy with
præ-Franciscan Assisi, 48
P
_Parthenôn_, the, its continuance as such, 237
_Perugia_, contrasted with Cortona, 23-28; its historical
position, 23-25; physical position, 26; walls of, _ib._, 28;
Roman gateways at, 28-31; barbarous treatment of mediæval
houses in, 31; the interest of its churches not only due to
their paintings, 31-33
_Pius IX._, Pope, his viaduct between Albano and Aricia, 114
_Pompeii_, contrasted with Ostia, 101, 102
_Pompeius Magnus_, Cnæus, his villa and tomb at Alba, 111,
113
_Pomptine Marshes_, the, 128
_Ponte Sodo_, the, at Veii, 74
_Pontius_, Gaius, spares the Roman army in the second Samnite
War, 257, 262; whether the Pontius of the triumph of Quintus
Fabius, 258, 259
_Porta Saracenesca_, at Segni, 157, 159; shows the arch in
its constructive form, 160-161; origin of its name uncertain,
161, 162
_Portus_, harbour of Rome transferred to, from Ostia, 102
_Procopius_, his description of Ostia, 103; of Beneventum,
267, 279
_Puff-stone_ of Gloucestershire, its likeness to the stone of
Anagnia's walls, 176
_Pyrrhos_, King of Epeiros, 169, 179, 262, 272, 278, 279
Q
_Quinctilius_, Aulus, his foundation of nuts to Ferentinum,
192; his monument, 193
R
_Robert_, son of Godwin, his analogy to Publius Volumnius,
son of Felimna, 44
_Robert Wiscard_, takes Bari, 297
_Rocca di Papa_, 119
_Roman_, use of the word, 194, 197, 202
_Roman Empire_, the, important era marked by Trajan's reign,
270, 271
_Rome_, how her local history should be studied, 67; rivalry
of Veii with, 69-72; her conquest of Veii, 68, 75, 76; her
origin, 70, 72, 143; Fidenæ destroyed by, 78, 85; taken by
Alaric, 80; her incorporation of Antemnæ with, 92; her haven
of Ostia, 96, 97, 99; contrasted with Corinth and Athens, 98,
99; her harbour removed from Ostia to Portus, 102; Alba Longa
destroyed by, 110, 120; her physical and historical position,
119-122; alliance of Ferentinum with, 198, 199, 205; her
arbitrary dealing with her Italian allies, 199, 200; her
wars with the Samnites, 251, 252; her army spared by Gaius
Pontius, 257; final struggle of the Samnites against, 259-261
_Ῥωμαῖοι_, use of the name, 109, 110
S
_Saint Ambrose_, cathedral church of Ferentino dedicated to,
204
_Saint Angelo in Formis_, basilica of, near Capua, 238, 240
_et seq._; frescoes at, 247-249
_Saint Apollinaris in Classe_, basilica of, 240
_Saint Francis of Assisi_, 48, 49
_Saint Nicolas_ of Myra in Lykia, patron saint of Bari, 297,
298
_Saint Peter in Grado_, basilica of, near Pisa, 238, 239,
240; contrasted with Saint Angelo in Formis, 239; frescoes
at, 247
_Salarian Gate_, the, its historical associations, 79-81
_Salona_, its relation to Spalato contrasted with that of
Alba to Albano, 112
_Samentum_, meaning of the word, 178
_Samnites_, the, 248, 251, 254, 259-262
_Schiavia_, Samnite, Anselm at, 307
_Segni_ (Signia), whether a Thirty-city? 151-154; its
physical position analogous with that of Norba, 155; the
_arx_ of Signia forms the modern _Passegiata_, 156; fragments
of mediæval work in, 157; ancient walls and gateways of,
_ib._, _et seq._, 172, 174; Roman remains on the arx, 162,
163; whether the birthplace of Innocent III., 163; _locandæ_
at, recommended by Gsell-fels, 167
_Sicily_, use of the pointed arch in, 243; the architectural
characteristics of Norman rule in Apulia not found in, 293
_Signia_. See _Segni_.
_Social War_, the, its significance, 261
_Spalato_, its relation to Salona contrasted with that of
Albano to Alba, 112
_Spello_ (Hispellum), its local description, 58; its walls
and towers, 60; Romanesque churches and Roman remains at,
61-63; Roman gateways, 63, 64
_Stewart_, Henry, Cardinal of York, temple of Jupiter
Latiaris destroyed by, 111, 166
_Strabo_, his description of Fidenæ, 85; on Ostia, 102
_Sulla_, restores Cora, 133; Norba destroyed by, 139
T
_Talleyrand_, Bishop of Autun and Prince of Benevento, 265
_Tarlati_, Guy, Bishop and Lord of Arezzo, his tomb, 7, 8
_Telesia_ (Telese), the home of Gaius Pontius, 256, 257, 262;
Anselm at, _ib._
_Terracina_. See _Anxur_.
_Thêseion_, re-dedicated to Saint George, 237
_Tiber_, the, its early importance as a boundary stream, 90;
its destructiveness, 100-103, 106, 107
_Tifata_, Hannibal at, 233, 234; meaning of the name, 234;
whether the scene of Semitic worship, 236; worship of Diana
and Jupiter at, 237; church of Sant' Angelo in Formis at,
233, 238, 240 _et seq._
_Topography_, historical, variety of interest offered by, 86
_Totilas_, Beneventum taken by, 273
_Trajan_, his arch at Rome survives in the arch of
Constantine, 267, 268; his arch at Benevento, 268-273;
important era of the Roman Empire marked by his reign, 270,
271
_Trani_, special interest of its metropolitan church, 286,
287, 290, 291; church of All Saints at, 287
U
_Urban II._, Pope, council at Bari held by, 297, 305
V
_Veii_, its site and desolation, 68, 69, 72-75, 87; conquered
by Rome, _ib._, 75; rivalry of with Rome, 69-72; Etruscan
tombs at, 74, 75
_Velletri_ (Velitræ), 126-129, 166, 167
_Venice_, vassal of the Eastern Empire, protects Bari against
the Saracen, 297
_Veroli_, 210
_Volumnian Tomb_, the, 40 _et seq._
_Volumnius Avle Felimna_, Publius, his analogy to Robert, son
of Godwin, 44, 197
W
_Willis_, Professor, his use of the phrase _mid-wall_ shaft,
245