SPENCER, Herbert, on the dawn of intelligence, i. 37;

on the origin of the belief in spiritual agencies, i. 66;

on the origin of the moral sense, i. 101;

on the influence of food on the size of the jaws, i. 118;

on the ratio between individuation and genesis, i. 318;

on music, ii. 336.

SPERM-WHALES, battles of male, ii. 240.

SPHINGIDAE, coloration of the, i. 396.

SPHINX, Humming-bird, i. 399.

_Sphinx_, Mr. Bates on the caterpillar of a, i. 416.

SPIDERS, i. 337;

male, more active than female, i. 272;

proportion of the sexes in, i. 314;

male, small size of, i. 338.

_Spilosoma menthrasti_, rejected by turkeys, i. 398.

SPINE, alteration of, to suit the erect attitude of man, i. 143.

SPIRITS, fondness of monkeys for, i. 12.

SPIRITUAL agencies, belief in, almost universal, i. 65.

SPOONBILL, ii. 60;

Chinese, change of plumage in, ii. 179.

SPOTS, retained throughout groups of birds, ii. 131;

disappearance of, in adult mammals, ii. 303.

SPRENGEL, C. K., on the sexuality of plants, i. 260.

SPRING-BOC, horns of the, ii. 251.

SPROAT, Mr., on the extinction of savages in Vancouver Island,

i. 239;

on the eradication of facial hair by the natives of Vancouver

Island, ii. 348;

on the eradication of the beard by the Indians of Vancouver Island,

ii. 380.

SPURS, occurrence of, in female fowls, i. 280, 284;

development of, in various species of Phasianidae, i. 290;

of Gallinaceous birds, ii. 44, 46;

development of, in female Gallinaceae, ii. 162.

_Squilla_, different colours of the sexes of a species of, i. 335.

SQUIRRELS, battles of male, ii. 239;

African, sexual differences in the colouring of, ii. 286;

black, ii. 294.

STAG, long hairs of the throat of, ii. 268;

horns of the, i. 279, 282;

battles of, ii. 240;

horns of the, with numerous branches, ii. 252;

bellowing of the, ii. 274;

crest of the, ii. 282.

STAG-BEETLE, large size of male, i. 347;

weapons of the male, i. 375;

numerical proportion of sexes of, i. 313.

STAINTON, H. T., on the numerical proportion of the sexes

in the smaller moths, i. 310;

habits of _Elachista rufocinerea_, i. 311;

on the coloration of moths, i. 397;

on the rejection of _Spilosoma menthrasti_, by turkeys, i. 398;

on the sexes of _Agrotis exclamationis_, i. 399.

STALLION, mane of the, ii. 268.

STALLIONS, two, attacking a third, i. 75;

fighting, ii. 241;

small canine teeth of, ii. 258.

STANSBURY, Capt., observations on pelicans, i. 77.

STAPHYLINIDAE, hornlike processes in male, i. 374.

STARFISHES, bright colours of some, i. 322.

STARK, Dr., on the death-rate in towns and rural districts, i. 175;

on the influence of marriage on mortality, i. 176;

on the higher mortality of males in Scotland, i. 302.

STARLING, American field, pugnacity of male, ii. 51.

STARLING, red-winged, selection of a mate by the female, ii. 116.

STARLINGS, three, frequenting the same nest, i. 269, ii. 106;

new mates found by, ii. 105.

STATUES, Greek, Egyptian, Assyrian, &c., contrasted, ii. 350.

STATURE, dependence of, upon local influences, i. 114.

STAUDINGER, Dr., his list of Lepidoptera, i. 312;

on breeding Lepidoptera, i. 311.

STAUNTON, Sir G., hatred of indecency a modern virtue, i. 96.

STEALING of bright objects by birds, ii. 112.

STEBBING, T. R., on the nakedness of the human body, ii. 375.

_Stemmatopus_, ii. 278.

_Stenobothrus pratorum_, stridulating organs of, i. 357.

STERILITY, general, of sole daughters, i. 170;

when crossed, a distinctive character of species, i. 214.

_Sterna_, seasonal change of plumage in, ii. 228.

STICKLEBACK, polygamous, i. 271;

male, courtship of the, ii. 2;

male, brilliant colouring of, during the breeding season, ii. 14;

nidification of the, ii. 20.

STICKS used as implements and weapons by monkeys, i. 51.

STING in bees, i. 254.

STOKES, Capt., on the habits of the great Bower-bird, ii. 70.

STONECHAT, young of the, ii. 220.

STONE IMPLEMENTS, difficulty of making, i. 138;

as traces of extinct tribes, i. 237.

STONES, used by monkeys for breaking hard fruits and as missiles,

i. 140;

piles of, i. 233.

STORK, black, sexual differences in the bronchi of the, ii. 60;

red beak of the, ii. 227.

STORKS, ii. 226, 230;

sexual difference in the colour of the eyes of, ii. 128.

STRANGE, Mr., on the Satin Bower-bird, ii. 69.

STRETCH, Mr., on the numerical proportion in the sexes of chickens,

i. 306.

_Strepsiceros kudu_, horns of, ii. 255;

markings of, ii. 300.

STRIDULATION, by males of _Theridion_, i. 339;

of the Orthoptera and Homoptera discussed, i. 360;

of beetles, i. 378.

STRIPES, retained throughout groups of birds, ii. 131;

disappearance of, in adult mammals, ii. 303.

_Strix flammea_, ii. 105.

STRUCTURE, existence of unserviceable modifications of, i. 153.

STRUGGLE for existence, in man, i. 180, 185.

STRUTHERS, Dr., on the occurrence of the supra-condyloid foramen

in the humerus of man, i. 28.

_Sturnella ludoviciana_, pugnacity of the male, ii. 51.

_Sturnus vulgaris_, ii. 105.

SUB-SPECIES, i. 227.

SUFFERING, in strangers, indifference of savages to, i. 94.

SUICIDE, i. 172;

formerly not regarded as a crime, i. 94;

rarely practised among the lowest savages, i. 94.

SUIDAE, stripes of young, ii. 184.

SUMATRA, compression of the nose by the Malays of, ii. 352.

SUMNER, Archb., man alone capable of progressive improvement, i. 49.

SUN-BIRDS, nidification of, ii. 169.

SUPERSTITIONS, i. 182;

prevalence of, i. 99.

SUPERSTITIOUS customs, i. 68.

SUPERCILIARY ridge in man, ii. 316, 318.

SUPERNUMERARY digits, more frequent in men than in women, i. 276;

inheritance of, i. 285;

early development of, i. 292.

SUPRA-CONDYLOID foramen in the early progenitors of man, i. 206.

SUSPICION, prevalence of, among animals, i. 39.

SULIVAN, Sir B. J., on two stallions attacking a third, ii. 241.

SWALLOW-TAIL Butterfly, i. 393.

SWALLOWS deserting their young, i. 84, 90.

SWAN, black, red beak of the, ii. 227;

black-necked, ii. 230;

white, young of, ii. 211;

wild, trachea of the, ii. 59.

SWANS, ii. 226, 230;

young, ii. 208.

SWAYSLAND, Mr., on the arrival of migratory birds, i. 259.

SWINHOE, R., on the common rat in Formosa and China, i. 50;

on the sounds produced by the male Hoopoe, ii. 62;

on _Dicrurus macrocercus_ and the Spoonbill, ii. 179;

on the young of _Ardeola_, ii. 190;

on the habits of _Turnix_, ii. 202;

on the habits of _Rhynchaea bengalensis_, ii. 203;

on Orioles breeding in immature plumage, ii. 214, 215.

_Sylvia atricapilla_, young of, ii. 219.

_Sylvia cinerea_, aerial love-dance of the male, ii. 68.

SYMPATHY, i. 168;

among animals, i. 77;

its supposed basis, i. 82.

SYMPATHIES, gradual widening of, i. 100.

SYNGNATHOUS fishes, abdominal pouch in male, i. 210.

_Sypheotides auritus_, acuminated primaries of the male, ii. 64;

ear-tufts of, ii. 73.

T.

TABANIDAE, habits of, i. 254.

_Tadorna variegata_, sexes and young of, ii. 206.

_Tadorna vulpanser_, ii. 114.

TAHITIANS, i. 183;

compression of the nose by the, ii. 352.

TAIL, rudimentary, occurrence of, in man, i. 29;

convoluted body in the extremity of the, i. 30;

absence of, in man and the higher apes, i. 150, 194;

variability of, in species of _Macacus_ and in baboons, i. 150;

presence of, in the early progenitors of man, i. 206;

length of, in pheasants, ii. 156, 164, 166;

difference of length of the, in the two sexes of birds, ii. 164.

TAIT, Lawson, on the effects of natural selection on civilised

nations, i. 168.

TANAGER, scarlet, variation in the male, ii. 126.

_Tanagra aestiva_, ii. 180;

age of mature plumage in, ii. 213.

_Tanagra rubra_, ii. 126;

young of, ii. 220.

_Tanais_, absence of mouth in the males of some species of, i. 255;

relations of the sexes in, i. 315;

dimorphic males of a species of, i. 328.

TANKERVILLE, Earl, on the battles of wild bulls, ii. 240.

_Tanysiptera_, races of, determined from adult males, ii. 190.

_Tanysiptera sylvia_, long tail-feathers of, ii. 165.

_Taphroderes distortus_, enlarged left mandible of the male, i. 344.

TAPIRS, longitudinal stripes of young, ii. 184, 303.

TARSI, dilatation of front, in male beetles, i. 343.

_Tarsius_, i. 200.

TASMANIA, half-castes killed by the natives of, i. 220.

TATTOOING, i. 232;

universality of, ii. 339.

TASTE, in the Quadrumana, ii. 296.

TAYLOR, G. on _Quiscalus major_, i. 307.

TEA, fondness of monkeys for, i. 12.

TEAR-SACKS, of Ruminants, ii. 280.

TEEBAY, Mr., on changes of plumage in spangled Hamburgh fowls, i. 281.

TEETH, rudimentary incisor, in Ruminants, i. 17;

posterior molar, in man, i. 25;

wisdom, i. 26;

diversity of, i. 108;

canine, in the early progenitors of man, i. 206;

canine, of male mammals, ii. 241;

in man, reduced by correlation, ii. 325;

staining of the, ii. 339;

front, knocked out or filed by some savages, ii. 340.

TEGETMEIER, Mr., on the abundance of male pigeons, i. 306;

on the wattles of game-cocks, ii. 98;

on the courtship of fowls, ii. 117;

on dyed pigeons, ii. 118.

TEMBETA, ii. 341.

TEMPER, in dogs and horses, inherited, i. 40.

TENCH, proportions of the sexes in the, i. 308, 309;

brightness of male, during breeding season, ii. 13.

TENEBRIONIDAE, stridulation of, i. 379.

TENNENT, Sir J. E., on the tusks of the Ceylon Elephant, ii. 248, 258;

on the frequent absence of beard in the natives of Ceylon, ii. 321;

on the Chinese opinion of the aspect of the Cingalese, ii. 345.

TENNYSON, A., on the control of thought, i. 101.

TENTHREDINIDAE, proportions of the sexes in, i. 314;

fighting habits of male, i. 364;

difference of the sexes in, i. 365.

_Tephrodornis_, young of, ii. 190.

TERAI, i. 237.

_Termites_, habits of, i. 364.

TERNS, white, ii. 228;

and black, ii. 230.

TERNS, seasonal change of plumage in, ii. 228.

TERROR, common action of, upon the lower animals and man, i. 39.

_Testudo nigra_, ii. 28.

_Tetrao cupido_, battles of, ii. 50;

sexual difference in the vocal organs of, ii. 56.

_Tetrao phasianellus_, dances of, ii. 68;

duration of dances of, ii. 100.

_Tetrao scoticus_, ii. 170, 185, 194.

_Tetrao tetrix_, ii. 170, 185, 194;

pugnacity of the male. ii. 45.

_Tetrao umbellus_, pairing of, ii. 49;

battles of, ii. 50;

drumming of the male, ii. 61.

_Tetrao urogalloides_, dances of, ii. 100.

_Tetrao urogallus_, pugnacity of the male, ii. 45.

_Tetrao urophasianus_, inflation of the oesophagus in the male,

ii. 57.

_Thamnobia_, young of, ii. 190.

_Thaumalea picta_, display of plumage by the male, ii. 89.

_Thecla_, sexual differences of colouring in species of, i. 389.

_Thecla rubi_, protective colouring of, i. 392.

_Theridion_, i. 337;

stridulation of males of, i. 339.

_Theridion lineatum_, variability of, i. 338.

_Thomisus citreus_, and _T. floricolens_, difference of colour

in the sexes of, i. 337.

THOMPSON, J. H., on the battles of sperm-whales, ii. 240.

THOMPSON, W., on the colouring of the male char during the breeding

season, ii. 14;

on the pugnacity of the males of _Gallinula chloropus_, ii. 41;

on the finding of new mates by magpies, ii. 103;

on the finding of new mates by Peregrine falcons, ii. 104.

THORAX, processes of, in male beetles, i. 370.

THORELL, T., on the proportion of the sexes in spiders, i. 315.

THORNBACK, difference in the teeth of the two sexes of the, ii. 6.

THOUGHTS, control of, i. 101.

THRUSH, pairing with a blackbird, ii. 113;

colours and nidification of the, ii. 170.

THRUSHES, characters of young, ii. 185, 269.

THUG, his regrets, i. 94.

THUMB, absence of, in _Ateles_ and _Hylobates_, i. 140.

THURY, M., on the numerical proportion of male and female births

among the Jews, i. 301.

_Thylacinus_, possession of the marsupial sack by the male, i. 208.

THYSANURA, i. 348.

TIBIA, dilated, of the male _Crabro cribrarius_, i. 343.

TIBIA and femur, proportions of, in the Aymara Indians, i. 119.

TIERRA del Fuego, marriage-customs of, ii. 373.

TIGER, colours and markings of the, ii. 302.

TIGERS, depopulation of districts by, in India, i. 134.

_Tillus elongatus_, difference of colour in the sexes of, i. 368.

TIMIDITY, variability of, in the same species, i. 40.

TINEINA, proportion of the sexes in, i. 310.

_Tipula_, pugnacity of male, i. 349.

TITS, sexual difference of colour in, ii. 174.

TOADS, ii. 25;

male, treatment of ova by some, i. 210;

male, ready to breed before the female, i. 260.

TOE, great, condition of, in the human embryo, i. 17.

TOMTIT, blue, sexual difference of colour in the, ii. 174.

TONGA Islands, beardlessness of the natives of, ii. 322, 349.

TOOKE, Horne, on language, i. 55.

TOOLS, flint, i. 183;

used by monkeys, i. 51;

use of, i. 137.

TOP-KNOTS in birds, ii. 74.

_Tomicus villosus_, proportion of the sexes in, i. 314.

TORTOISE, voice of the male, ii. 331.

TORTURES, submitted to by American savages, i. 95.

_Totanus_, double moult in, ii. 81.

TOUCANS, colours and nidification of the, ii. 171;

beaks and ceres of the, ii. 227.

TOWNS, residence in, a cause of diminished stature, i. 115.

TOYNBEE, J., on the external shell of the ear in man, i. 21.

TRACHEA, convoluted and imbedded in the sternum, in some birds,

ii. 59;

structure of the, in Rhynchaea, ii. 203.

TRADES, affecting the form of the skull, i. 147.

_Tragelaphus_, sexual differences of colour in, ii. 288.

_Tragelaphus scriptus_, dorsal crest of, ii. 282;

markings of, ii. 299, 300.

TRAGOPAN, i. 270;

swelling of the wattles of the male, during courtship, ii. 72;

display of plumage by the male, ii. 91;

markings of the sexes of the, ii. 134.

_Tragops dispar_, sexual difference in the colour of, ii. 30.

TRAINING, effect of, on the mental difference between the sexes

of man, ii. 329.

TRANSFER of male characters to female birds, ii. 193.

TRANSMISSION, equal, of ornamental characters, to both sexes

in mammals, ii. 297.

TRAPS, avoidance of, by animals, i. 49;

use of, i. 137.

TREACHERY, to comrades, avoidance of, by savages, i. 88.

_Tremex columbae_, i. 365.

TRIBES, extinct, i. 160;

extinction of, i. 236.

_Trichius_, difference of colour in the sexes of a species of,

i. 368.

TRIMEN, R., on the proportion of the sexes in South African

butterflies, i. 310;

on the attraction of males by the female of _Lasiocampa quercus_,

i. 312;

on _Pneumora_, i. 358;

on difference of colour in the sexes of beetles, i. 367;

on moths brilliantly coloured beneath, i. 397;

on mimickry in butterflies, i. 412;

on _Gynanisa Isis_, and on the ocellated spots of Lepidoptera,

ii. 132;

on _Cyllo Leda_, ii. 133.

_Tringa_, sexes and young of, ii. 216.

_Tringa canutus_, ii. 82.

_Triphaena_, coloration of the species of, i. 395.

TRISTRAM, H. B., on unhealthy districts in North Africa, i. 244;

on the habits of the chaffinch in Palestine, i. 307;

on the birds of the Sahara, ii. 172;

on the animals inhabiting the Sahara, ii. 224.

_Triton cristatus_, ii. 24.

_Triton palmipes_, ii. 24.

_Triton punctatus_, ii. 24, 25.

_Troglodytes vulgaris_, ii. 198.

TROGONS, colours and nidification of the, ii. 171, 173.

TROPIC-BIRDS, white only when mature, ii. 228.

TROPICS, freshwater fishes of the, ii. 17.

TROUT, proportion of the sexes in, i. 308;

male, pugnacity of the, ii. 3.

_Trox sabulosus_, stridulation of, i. 380.

TRUTH, not rare between members of the same tribe, i. 95;

more highly appreciated by certain tribes, i. 100.

TULLOCH, Major, on the immunity of the negro from certain fevers,

i. 243.

TUMBLER, almond, change of plumage in the, i. 294.

_Turdus merula_, ii. 170;

young of, ii. 219.

_Turdus migratorius_, ii. 185.

_Turdus musicus_, ii. 170.

_Turdus polyglottus_, young of, ii. 219.

_Turdus torquatus_, ii. 170.

TURKEY, swelling of the wattles of the male, ii. 72;

variety of, with a top-knot, ii. 74;

recognition of a dog by a, ii. 110;

wild, pugnacity of young male, ii. 48;

wild, notes of the, ii. 60;

male, wild, acceptable to domesticated females, ii. 119;

wild, first advances made by older females, ii. 121;

wild, breast-tuft of bristles of the, ii. 179.

TURKEY-COCK, scraping of the wings of, upon the ground, ii. 61;

wild, display of plumage by, ii. 87;

fighting habits of, ii. 98.

TURNER, Prof. W., on muscular fasciculi in man referable to

the panniculus carnosus, i. 19;

on the occurrence of the supra-condyloid foramen in the human

humerus, i. 28;

on muscles attached to the coccyx in man, i. 29;

on the _filum terminale_ in man, i. 30;

on the variability of the muscles, i. 109;

on abnormal conditions of the human uterus, i. 123;

on the development of the mammary glands, i. 209;

on male fishes hatching ova in their mouths, i. 210.

_Turnix_, sexes of some species of, ii. 201, 207.

TURTLE-DOVE, cooing of the, ii. 60.

TUTTLE, H., on the number of species of man, i. 226.

TYLOR, E. B., on emotional cries, gestures, &c., of man, i. 54;

on the origin of the belief in spiritual agencies, i. 66;

on the primitive barbarism of civilised nations, i. 181;

on the origin of counting, i. 181;

on resemblances of the mental characters in different races of man,

i. 232.

TYPE of structure, prevalence of, i. 211.

_Typhoeus_, stridulating organs of, i. 378;

stridulation of, i. 380.

TWINS, tendency to produce, hereditary, i. 133.

TWITE, proportion of the sexes in the, i. 307.

U.

UGLINESS, said to consist in an approach to the lower animals,

ii. 354.

UMBRELLA-BIRD, ii. 58, 59.

_Umbrina_, sounds produced by, ii. 23.

UNITED States, rate of increase in, i. 131;

influence of natural selection on the progress of, i. 179;

change undergone by Europeans in the, i. 246.

_Upupa epops_, sounds produced by the male, ii. 62.

URANIIDAE, coloration of the, i. 396.

_Uria troile_, variety of, (= _U. lacrymans_), ii. 127.

URODELA, ii. 24.

_Urosticte Benjamini_, sexual differences in, ii. 151.

USE and disuse of parts, effects of, i. 116;

influence of, on the races of man, i. 247.

UTERUS, reversion in the, i. 123;

more or less divided, in the human subject, i. 123, 130;

double, in the early progenitors of man, i. 206.

V.

VACCINATION, influence of, i. 168.

VANCOUVER Island, Mr. Sproat on the savages of, i. 239;

natives of, eradication of facial hair by the, ii. 348.

_Vanellus cristatus_, wing tubercles of the male, ii. 48.

_Vanessae_, i. 387;

resemblance of lower surface of, to bark of trees, i. 392.

VARIABILITY, causes of, i. 111;

in man, analogous to that in the lower animals, i. 112;

of the races of man, i. 225;

greater in men than in women, i. 275;

period of, relation of the, to sexual selection, i. 296;

of birds, ii. 124;

of secondary sexual characters in man, ii. 320.

VARIATION, correlated, i. 30;

laws of, i. 113;

in man, i. 185;

analogous, i. 194;

analogous, in plumage of birds, ii. 74.

VARIATIONS, spontaneous, i. 131.

VARIETIES, absence of, between two species, evidence of their

distinctness, i. 215.

VARIETY, an object in nature, ii. 230.

VARIOLA, communicable between man and the lower animals, i. 11.

VAUREAL, i. 29.

VEDDAHS, monogamous habits of, ii. 363.

VEITCH, Mr., on the aversion of Japanese ladies to whiskers, ii. 349.

VENGEANCE, instinct of, i. 89.

VENUS Erycina, priestesses of, ii. 357.

VERMES, i. 327.

VERMIFORM appendage, i. 27.

VERREAUX, M., on the attraction of numerous males by the female

of an Australian _Bombyx_, i. 312.

Vertebrae, caudal, number of, in macaques and baboons, i. 150;

of monkeys, partly imbedded in the body, i. 151.

VERTEBRATA, ii. 1;

common origin of the, i. 203;

most ancient progenitors of, i. 212;

origin of the voice in air-breathing, ii. 331.

_Vesicula prostatica_, the homologue of the uterus, i. 31, 208.

VIBRISSAE, represented by long hairs in the eyebrows, i. 25.

_Vidua_, ii. 181.

_Vidua axillaris_, i. 269.

VILLERME, M., on the influence of plenty upon stature, i. 115.

VINSON, Aug., on the male of _Epeira nigra_, i. 338.

VIPER, difference of the sexes in the, ii. 29.

VIREY, on the number of species of man, i. 226.

VIRTUES, originally social only, i. 93;

gradual appreciation of, i. 165.

VISCERA, variability of, in man, i. 109.

VITI Archipelago, population of the, i. 225.

VLACOVICH, Prof., on the ischio-pubic muscle, i. 127.

VOCAL music of birds, ii. 51.

VOCAL organs of man, i. 58;

of birds, i. 59; ii. 163;

of frogs, ii. 28;

of the Insessores, ii. 55;

difference of, in the sexes of birds, ii. 56;

primarily used in relation to the propagation of the species,

ii. 330.

VOGT, Carl, on the origin of species, i. 1;

on the origin of man, i. 4;

on the semilunar fold in man, i. 23;

on the imitative faculties of microcephalous idiots, i. 57;

on microcephalous idiots, i. 121;

on skulls from Brazilian caves, i. 218;

on the evolution of the races of man, i. 230;

on the formation of the skull in women, ii. 317;

on the Ainos and negroes, ii. 321;

on the increased cranial difference of the sexes in man with

race-development, ii. 329;

on the obliquity of the eye in the Chinese and Japanese, ii. 344.

VOICE in mammals, ii. 274;

in monkeys and man, ii. 319;

in man, ii. 330;

origin of, in air-breathing vertebrates, ii. 331.

VON BAER, definition of advancement in the organic scale, i. 211.

VULPIAN, Prof., on the resemblance between the brains of man and

of the higher apes, i. 11.

VULTURES, selection of a mate by the female, ii. 116;

colours of, ii. 229.

W.

WADERS, young of, ii. 217.

WAGNER, R., on the occurrence of the diastema in a Kafir skull,

i. 126;

on the bronchi of the black stork, ii. 60.

WAGTAIL, Ray's, arrival of the male before the female, i. 260.

WAGTAILS, Indian, young of, ii. 190.

WAIST, proportions of, in soldiers and sailors, i. 117.

WAITZ, Prof., on the number of species of man, i. 226;

on the colour of Australian infants, ii. 318;

on the beardlessness of negroes, ii. 321;

on the fondness of mankind for ornaments, ii. 338;

on the liability of negroes to tropical fevers after residence

in a cold climate, i. 243;

on negro ideas of female beauty, ii. 346;

on Javanese and Cochin Chinese ideas of beauty, ii. 347.

WALCKENAER and Gervais, on the Myriapoda, i. 340.

WALDEYER, M., on the hermaphroditism of the vertebrate embryo, i. 207.

WALES, North, numerical proportion of male and female births in,

i. 301.

WALKER, Alex., on the large size of the hands of labourers' children,

i. 117.

WALKER, F., on sexual differences in the diptera, i. 348.

WALLACE, Dr. A., on the prehensile use of the tarsi in male moths,

i. 256;

on the rearing of the Ailanthus silk-moth, i. 311;

on breeding Lepidoptera, i. 311;

proportion of sexes of _Bombyx cynthia_, _B. yamamai_,

and _B. Pernyi_, reared by, i. 313;

on the development of _Bombyx cynthia_ and _B. yamamai_, i. 346;

on the pairing of _Bombyx cynthia_, i. 401;

on the fertilisation of moths, i. 406.

WALLACE, A. R., on the origin of man, i. 4;

on the power of imitation in man, i. 39;

on the use of missiles by the orang, i. 52;

on the varying appreciation of truth among different tribes, i. 100;

on the limits of natural selection in man, i. 137, 158;

on the occurrence of remorse among savages, i. 165;

on the effects of natural selection on civilised nations, i. 168;

on the use of the convergence of the hair at the elbow in the orang,

i. 193;

on the contrast in the characters of the Malays and Papuans, i. 216;

on the line of separation between the Papuans and Malays, i. 218;

on the sexes of _Ornithoptera Croesus_, i. 310;

on protective resemblances, i. 322;

on the relative sizes of the sexes of insects, i. 346;

on _Elaphomyia_, i. 349;

on the Birds of Paradise, i. 269;

on the pugnacity of the males of _Leptorhynchus angustatus_, i. 375;

on sounds produced by _Euchirus longimanus_, i. 381;

on the colours of _Diadema_, i. 388;

on _Kallima_, i. 392;

on the protective colouring of moths, i. 394;

on bright coloration as protective in butterflies, i. 395;

on variability in the Papilionidae, i. 402;

on male and female butterflies inhabiting different stations, i. 403;

on the protective nature of the dull colouring of female butterflies,

i. 403, 405, 414;

on mimickry in butterflies, i. 412;

on the mimickry of leaves by Phasmidae, i. 414;

on the bright colours of caterpillars, i. 416;

on brightly-coloured fishes frequenting reefs, ii. 17;

on the coral snakes, ii. 31;

on _Paradisea apoda_, ii. 74, 78;

on the display of plumage by male Birds of Paradise, ii. 88;

on assemblies of Birds of Paradise, ii. 101;

on the instability of the ocellated spots in _Hipparchia Janira_,

ii. 132;

on sexually limited inheritance, ii. 155;

on the sexual coloration of birds, ii. 166, 196, 197, 200, 206;

on the relation between the colours and nidification of birds,

ii. 166, 171;

on the coloration of the Cotingidae, ii. 177;

on the females of _Paradisea apoda_ and _papuana_, ii. 193;

on the incubation of the cassowary, ii. 204;

on protective coloration in birds, ii. 223;

on the hair of the Papuans, ii. 340;

on the Babirusa, ii. 264;

on the markings of the tiger, ii. 302;

on the beards of the Papuans, ii. 322;

on the distribution of hair on the human body, ii. 375.

WALRUS, development of the nictitating membrane in the, i. 23;

tusks of the, ii. 241, 248;

use of the tusks by the, ii. 257.

WALSH, B. D., on the proportion of the sexes in _Papilio Turnus_,

i. 310;

on the Cynipidae and Cecidomyidae, i. 314;

on the jaws of _Ammophila_, i. 342;

on _Corydalis cornutus_, i. 342;

on the prehensile organs of male insects, i. 342;

on the antennae of _Penthe_, i. 343;

on the caudal appendages of dragon-flies, i. 344;

on _Platyphyllum concavum_, i. 356;

on the sexes of the Ephemeridae, i. 361;

on the difference of colour in the sexes of _Spectrum femoratum_,

i. 361;

on sexes of dragon-flies, i. 361;

on the difference of the sexes in the Ichneumonidae, i. 365;

on the sexes of _Orsodacna atra_, i. 368;

on the variation of the horns of the male _Phanaeus carnifex_,

i. 370;

on the coloration of the species of _Anthocharis_, i. 393.

WAPITI, battles of, ii. 240;

traces of horns in the female, ii. 245;

attacking a man, ii. 253;

crest of the male, ii. 282;

sexual difference in the colour of the, ii. 289.

WARBLER, Hedge-, ii. 198;

young of the, ii. 209.

WARBLERS, Superb, nidification of, ii. 169.

WARINESS, acquired by animals, i. 50.

WARINGTON, R., on the habits of the sticklebacks, ii. 2, 20;

on the brilliant colours of the male stickleback during

the breeding season, ii. 14.

WART-HOG, tusks and pads of the, ii. 265.

WATCHMAKERS, short-sighted, i. 118.

WATER-HEN, ii. 40.

WATERHOUSE, C. O., on blind beetles, i. 367;

on difference of colour in the sexes of beetles, i. 367.

WATERHOUSE, G. R., on the voice of _Hylobates agilis_, ii. 332.

WATER-OUZEL, autumn song of the, ii. 54.

WATERTON, C., on the pairing of a Canada goose with a Bernicle gander,

ii. 114;

on hares fighting, ii. 239;

on the Bell-bird, ii. 79.

WATTLES, disadvantageous to male birds in fighting, ii. 98.

WEALTH, influence of, i. 169.

WEALE, J. Mansel, on a South African caterpillar, i. 416.

WEAPONS, employed by monkeys, i. 51;

use of, i. 137;

offensive, of males, i. 257;

of mammals, ii. 241 _et seq._

WEAVER-BIRD, ii. 54.

WEAVER-BIRDS, rattling of the wings of, ii. 62;

assemblies of, ii. 101.

WEBB, Dr., on the wisdom teeth, i. 25.

WEDGWOOD, Hensleigh, on the origin of language, i. 56.

WEEVILS, sexual difference in length of snout in some, i. 255.

WEIR, Harrison, on the numerical proportion of the sexes in pigs

and rabbits, i. 305;

on the sexes of young pigeons, i. 306;

on the songs of birds, ii. 52;

on pigeons, ii. 109;

on the dislike of blue pigeons to other coloured varieties, ii. 118;

on the desertion of their mates by female pigeons, ii. 119.

WEIR, J. Jenner, on the nightingale and blackcap, i. 259;

on the relative sexual maturity of male birds, i. 261;

on female pigeons deserting a feeble mate, i. 262;

on three starlings frequenting the same nest, i. 269;

on the proportion of the sexes in _Machetes pugnax_ and other birds,

i. 306, 307;

on the coloration of the _Triphaenae_, i. 395;

on the rejection of certain caterpillars by birds, i. 417;

on sexual differences of the beak in the goldfinch, ii. 40;

on a piping bullfinch, ii. 52;

on the object of the nightingale's song, ii. 52;

on song-birds, ii. 53;

on the pugnacity of male fine-plumaged birds, ii. 93;

on the courtship of birds, ii. 94;

on the finding of new mates by Peregrine-falcons and Kestrels,

ii. 104;

on the bullfinch and starling, ii. 105;

on the cause of birds remaining unpaired, ii. 107;

on starlings and parrots living in triplets, ii. 107;

on recognition of colour by birds, ii. 110;

on hybrid birds, ii. 113;

on the selection of a greenfinch by a female canary, ii. 115;

on a case of rivalry of female bullfinches, ii. 121;

on the maturity of the Golden pheasant, ii. 213.

WEISBACH, Dr., measurement of men of different races, i. 216;

on the greater variability of men than of women, i. 275;

on the relative proportions of the body in the sexes of different

races of man, ii. 320.

WELCKER, M., on Brachycephaly and Dolichocephaly, i. 148;

on sexual differences in the skull in man, ii. 317.

WELLS, Dr., on the immunity of coloured races from certain poisons,

i. 243.

WESTRING, on the stridulation of _Reduvius personatus_, i. 350;

on the stridulating organs of the Coleoptera, i. 382;

on sounds produced by _Cychrus_, i. 382;

on the stridulation of males of _Theridion_, i. 339;

on the stridulation of beetles, i. 379;

on the stridulation of _Omaloplia brunnea_, i. 381.

WESTPHALIA, greater proportion of female illegitimate children in,

i. 301.

WESTROPP, H. M., on the prevalence of certain forms of ornamentation,

i. 233.

WESTWOOD, J. O., on the classification of the Hymenoptera, i. 188;

on the Culicidae and Tabanidae, i. 254;

on a Hymenopterous parasite with a sedentary male, i. 272;

on the proportions of the sexes in _Lucanus cervus_ and _Siagonium_,

i. 313;

on the absence of ocelli in female mutillidae, i. 341;

on the jaws of _Ammophila_, i. 342;

on the copulation of insects of distinct species, i. 342;

on the male of _Crabro cribrarius_, i. 343;

on the pugnacity of male _Tipulae_ i. 349;

on the stridulation of _Pirates stridulus_, i. 350;

on the Cicadae, i. 351;

on the stridulating organs of the crickets, i. 354;

on _Pneumora_, i. 357;

on _Ephippiger vitium_, i. 355, 358;

on the pugnacity of the Mantides, i. 360;

on _Platyblemnus_, i. 361;

on difference in the sexes of the Agrionidae, i. 362;

on the pugnacity of the males of a species of Tenthredinae, i. 364;

on the pugnacity of the male stag-beetle, i. 375;

on _Bledius taurus_ and _Siagonium_, i. 375;

on lamellicorn beetles, i. 378;

on the coloration of _Lithosia_, i. 396.

WHALE, Sperm-, battles of male, ii. 240.

WHALES, nakedness of, i. 148.

WHATELY, Archb., language not peculiar to man, i. 53;

on the primitive civilisation of man, i. 181.

WHEWELL, Prof., on maternal affection, i. 40.

WHISKERS, in monkeys, i. 192.

WHITE, Gilbert, on the proportion of the sexes in the partridge,

i. 306;

on the house-cricket, i. 352;

on the object of the song of birds, ii. 52;

on the finding of new mates by white owls, ii. 105;

on spring coveys of male partridges, ii. 107.

WHITENESS, a sexual ornament in some birds, ii. 232;

of mammals inhabiting snowy countries, ii. 298.

WHITE-THROAT, aerial love-dance of the male, ii. 68.

WIDOW-BIRD, polygamous, i. 269;

breeding plumage of the male, ii. 84, 97;

female, rejecting the unadorned male, ii. 120.

WIDOWS and widowers, mortality of, i. 176.

WIGEON, pairing with a pintail duck, ii. 114.

WILCKENS, Dr., on the modification of domestic animals in mountainous

regions, i. 120;

on a numerical relation between the hairs and excretory pores

in sheep, i. 248.

WILDER, Dr. Burt, on the greater frequency of supernumerary digits

in men than in women, i. 276.

WILLIAMS, on the marriage-customs of the Fijians, ii. 374.

WILSON, Dr., on the conical heads of the natives of North-Western

America, ii. 351;

on the Fijians, ii. 352;

on the persistence of the fashion of compressing the skull, ii. 353.

WING-SPURS, ii. 162.

WINGS, differences of, in the two sexes of butterflies

and Hymenoptera, i. 345;

play of, in the courtship of birds, ii. 95.

WINTER, change of colour of mammals in, ii. 298.

WITCHCRAFT, i. 68.

WIVES, traces of the forcible capture of, i. 182.

WOLF, winter change of the, ii. 298.

WOLFF, on the variability of the viscera in man, i. 109.

WOLLASTON, T. V., on _Eurygnathus_, i. 344;

on musical curculionidae, i. 378;

on the stridulation of _Acalles_, i. 384.

WOLVES learning to bark from dogs, i. 44;

hunting in packs, i. 75.

WOLVES, black, ii. 294.

WOMBAT, black varieties of the, ii. 294.

WOMEN distinguished from men by male monkeys, i. 13;

preponderance of, in numbers, i. 302;

effects of selection of, in accordance with different standards

of beauty, ii. 355;

practice of capturing, ii. 360, 364;

early betrothals and slavery of, ii. 366;

selection of, for beauty, ii. 372;

freedom of selection by, in savage tribes, ii. 372.

WONDER, manifestations of, by animals, i. 42.

WONFOR, Mr., on sexual peculiarities in the wings of butterflies,

i. 345.

WOOLNER, Mr., observations on the ear in man, i. 22.

WOOD, J., on muscular variations in man, i. 109, 128, 129;

on the greater variability of the muscles in men than in women,

i. 275.

WOOD, T. W., on the colouring of the orange-tip butterfly, i. 394;

on the habits of the Saturniidae, i. 398;

on the habits of _Menura Alberti_, ii. 56;

on _Tetrao cupido_, ii. 56;

on the display of plumage by male pheasants, ii. 89;

on the ocellated spots of the Argus pheasant, ii. 144;

on the habits of the female Cassowary, ii. 204.

WOODCOCK, coloration of the, ii. 226.

WOODPECKER, selection of a mate by the female, ii. 116.

WOODPECKERS, ii. 56;

tapping of, ii. 62;

colours and nidification of the, ii. 171, 174, 223;

characters of young, ii. 185, 199, 209.

WORMALD, Mr., on the coloration of _Hypopyra_, i. 397.

WOUNDS, healing of, i. 13.

WREN, ii. 198;

young of the, ii. 209.

WRIGHT, C. A., on the young of _Orocetes_ and _Petrocincla_, ii. 220.

WRIGHT, Chauncey, on correlative acquisition, ii. 335;

on the enlargement of the brain in man, ii. 391.

WRIGHT, Mr., on the Scotch deerhound, ii. 261;

on sexual preference in dogs, ii. 271;

on the rejection of a horse by a mare, ii. 272.

WRIGHT, W. von, on the protective plumage of the Ptarmigan, ii. 81.

WRITING, i. 182.

WYMAN, Prof., on the prolongation of the coccyx in the human embryo,

i. 16;

on the condition of the great toe in the human embryo, i. 17;

on variation in the skulls of the natives of the Sandwich Islands,

i. 108;

on the hatching of the eggs in the mouths and branchial cavities

of male fishes, i. 210, ii. 20.

X.

XENARCHUS, on the Cicadae, i. 350.

_Xenorhynchus_, sexual difference in the colour of the eyes in,

ii. 129.

_Xiphophorus Hellerii_, peculiar anal fin of the male, ii. 9, 10.

_Xylocopa_, difference of the sexes in, i. 366.

Y.

YARRELL, W., on the habits of the Cyprinidae, i. 309;

on _Raia clavata_, ii. 2;

on the characters of the male salmon during the breeding season,

ii. 4, 14;

on the characters of the rays, ii. 6;

on the gemmeous dragonet, ii. 8;

on the spawning of the salmon, ii. 19;

on the incubation of the Lophobranchii, ii. 21;

on rivalry in song-birds, ii. 53;

on the trachea of the swan, ii. 60;

on the moulting of the anatidae, ii. 85;

on an instance of reasoning in a gull, ii. 108;

on the young of the waders, ii. 217.

YELLOW fever, immunity of negroes and mulattoes from, i. 243.

YOUATT, Mr., on the development of the horns in cattle, i. 284.

YURA-CARAS, their notions of beauty, ii. 347.

Z.

ZEBRA, rejection of an ass by a female, ii. 295;

stripes of the, ii. 302.

ZEBUS, humps of, i. 284.

ZIGZAGS, prevalence of, as ornaments, i. 233.

ZINCKE, Mr., on European emigration to America, i. 179.

_Zootoca vivipara_, sexual difference in the colour of, ii. 36.

ZYGAENIDAE, coloration of the, i. 396.

THE END.

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