DOG-TOOTH, BALL-FLOWER AND TUDOR-FLOWER
The dog-tooth ornament is profusely used in rich thirteenth-century
buildings, and is one of the clearest indications of date. It is often
placed in the deep Early English mouldings as on the Galilee Porch at
Ely (Pl. 104). It consists of a pyramid formed of four leaves, usually
with a hole drilled where they divide. The example from Lincoln
ambulatory doorway (Pl. 66) shows their character plainly. Sometimes
they are curved, as in Hereford transept (Pl. 34), sometimes there are
only two leaves, the other two being suppressed, as in the Lichfield
triforium (Pl. 49). At Soham there are three leaves (Pl. 105). Sometimes
they are elaborately enriched as at St Cross (Pl. 106) and Dunstable
(Pl. 107). The most elaborate example of this sort of treatment is on
the west doorway at Wells (Pl. 108).
The ball-flower ornament is to the fourteenth-century work what the
dog-tooth is to the thirteenth. A window at Leominster (Pl. 109) shows
this well. Sometimes, as on the screen at Exeter (Pl. 110) the
ball-flowers are united by stalks. The character of the ornament is
shown plainly in our example from Tewkesbury (Pl. 111). The ball is a
bud form with three enclosing leaves, and there are three deep
indentations between them.
The Tudor ornament fulfils a similar part in late Perpendicular work. It
is well shown on the watching loft of the shrine at Oxford (Pl. 84), and
in detail in our illustration from Purse Caundle (Pl. 112).
TOPOGRAPHICAL INDEX
OF PLATES
Abergavenny _Plate_ 100
Aldenham 79
Aylesbury 8
Beverley 71, 73
Black Bourton 19
Bledlow 27
Boxgrove 1
Broadwater 16
Bury St Edmunds 1
Cambridge 70, 85
Canterbury 15, 18
Christchurch 5, 94
Crowcombe 103
Cuddington 23
Deerhurst 10, 11
Dunstable 107
Durham 12
Eaton Bray 36
Ely 54, 74, 75, 81, 104
Erwarton 69
Exeter 63, 64, 77, 87, 91, 92, 93, 110
Fountains 28
Fyfield (Essex) 67
Hemel Hempstead 6
Hereford 25, 34, 60
Iffley 65
Ivinghoe 37
Kimpton 4, 20, 29, 30
King’s Lynn 48, 95, 96
King’s Walden 13, 21, 24
Leominster 109
Lichfield 49
Lincoln 33, 40, 44, 45, 46, 47, 66, 76, 86
Llandaff 55
London (Tower) 1
Minster (Thanet) 31
Mullion 102
Northampton 7
North Cerney 82
Norwich 101
Oxford 3, 9, 14, 62, 83, 84
Patrington 78
Peterborough 90
Purse Caundle 112
Rochester 68, 89
Romsey 22
St Albans 80
St Cross 106
St David’s 26
Salisbury 50, 51
Soham 105
Sompting 2, 17
Southwell 57, 58, 59
Stone (Kent) 38
Teversham 35
Tewkesbury 111
Tong 98, 99
Wells 32, 41, 42, 43, 52, 53, 108
Weobley 56
Westminster 39
Winchelsea 61, 72
Winchester 1, 97
York 88
SHAPES OF CAPITALS
[Illustration: PLATE I
SHAPES OF CAPITALS
i Cushion
ii Scalloped
iii Bell
iv Cup
(pp. 14, 15, 20, 39)]
[Illustration: PLATE 2
SOMPTING. A.S. (pp. 11, 23, 25)]
[Illustration: PLATE 3
OXFORD. A.S.(?) (pp. 11, 26, 48)]
[Illustration: PLATE 4
KIMPTON. _c._ 1180. (pp. 13, 22)]
[Illustration: PLATE 5
CHRISTCHURCH. _c._ 1100. (p. 15)]
[Illustration: PLATE 6
HEMEL HEMPSTEAD. _c._ 1140. (pp. 15, 36, 41, 42, 50)]
[Illustration: PLATE 7
NORTHAMPTON. _c._ 1160. (p. 16)]
[Illustration: PLATE 8
AYLESBURY. _c._ 1160. (p. 16)]
[Illustration: PLATE 9
OXFORD. _c._ 1160. (p. 16)]
[Illustration: PLATE 10
DEERHURST. A.S. (p. 17)]
[Illustration: PLATE 11
DEERHURST. _c._ 1200. (p. 17)]
[Illustration: PLATE 12
DURHAM. _c._ 1170. (p. 17)]
[Illustration: PLATE 13
KING’S WALDEN. _c._ 1180. (p. 18)]
[Illustration: PLATE 14
OXFORD. _c._ 1165. (p. 18)]
[Illustration: PLATE 15
CANTERBURY. _c._ 1180. (p. 19)]
[Illustration: PLATE 16
BROADWATER. _c._ 1160. (p. 19)]
[Illustration: PLATE 17
SOMPTING. A.S. (p. 19)]
[Illustration: PLATE 18
CANTERBURY. _c._ 1150. (p. 20)]
[Illustration: PLATE 19
BLACK BOURTON. _c._ 1150. (p. 21)]
[Illustration: PLATE 20
KIMPTON. _c._ 1180. (pp. 21, 24)]
[Illustration: PLATE 21
KING’S WALDEN. _c._ 1180. (pp. 21, 24)]
[Illustration: PLATE 22
ROMSEY. _c._ 1150. (p. 21)]
[Illustration: PLATE 23
CUDDINGTON. _c._ 1160. (p. 21)]
[Illustration: PLATE 24
KING’S WALDEN. _c._ 1180. (p. 22)]
[Illustration: PLATE 25
HEREFORD. _c._ 1100. (pp. 2, 23)]
[Illustration: PLATE 26
ST DAVID’S. _c._ 1190. (pp. 23, 28, 31)]
[Illustration: PLATE 27
BLEDLOW. _c._ 1190. (p. 23)]
[Illustration: PLATE 28
FOUNTAINS. _c._ 1160. (p. 23)]
[Illustration: PLATE 29
KIMPTON. _c._ 1185. (p. 23)]
[Illustration: PLATE 30
KIMPTON. _c._ 1185. (p. 24)]
[Illustration: PLATE 31
MINSTER. _c._ 1190. (p. 24)]
[Illustration: PLATE 32
WELLS. _c._ 1190. (pp. 25, 28)]
[Illustration: PLATE 33
LINCOLN. _c._ 1220. (p. 25)]
[Illustration: PLATE 34
HEREFORD. _c._ 1250. (pp. 25, 28, 53)]
[Illustration: PLATE 35
TEVERSHAM. _c._ 1220. (p. 26)]
[Illustration: PLATE 36
EATON BRAY. _c._ 1205. (p. 26)]
[Illustration: PLATE 37
IVINGHOE. _c._ 1220. (p. 26)]
[Illustration: PLATE 38
STONE (KENT). _c._ 1265. (p. 27)]
[Illustration: PLATE 39
WESTMINSTER. _c._ 1255. (p. 27)]
[Illustration: PLATE 40
LINCOLN. _c._ 1230. (pp. 27, 28)]
[Illustration: PLATE 41
WELLS. _c._ 1230. (p. 27)]
[Illustration: PLATE 42
WELLS. _c._ 1190. (p. 28)]
[Illustration: PLATE 43
WELLS. _c._ 1190. (p. 28)]
[Illustration: PLATE 44
LINCOLN. _c._ 1270. (p. 28)]
[Illustration: PLATE 45
LINCOLN. _c._ 1270. (pp. 29, 39, 50)]
[Illustration: PLATE 46
LINCOLN. _c._ 1260. (p. 29)]
[Illustration: PLATE 47
LINCOLN. _c._ 1270. (pp. 24, 29)]
[Illustration: PLATE 48
KING’S LYNN. _c._ 1240. (pp. 29, 40)]
[Illustration: PLATE 49
LICHFIELD. _c._ 1250. (pp. 30, 53)]
[Illustration: PLATE 50
SALISBURY. _c._ 1270. (p. 30)]
[Illustration: PLATE 51
SALISBURY. _c._ 1260. (p. 30)]
[Illustration: PLATE 52
WELLS. _c._ 1230. (p. 30)]
[Illustration: PLATE 53
WELLS. _c._ 1230. (p. 31)]
[Illustration: PLATE 54
ELY. _c._ 1250. (pp. 32, 50)]
[Illustration: PLATE 55
LLANDAFF. _c._ 1200. (p. 32)]
[Illustration: PLATE 56
WEOBLEY. _c._ 1220. (p. 32)]
[Illustration: PLATE 57
SOUTHWELL. _c._ 1290. (pp. 35, 40)]
[Illustration: PLATE 58
SOUTHWELL. _c._ 1290. (p. 35)]
[Illustration: PLATE 59
SOUTHWELL. _c._ 1290. (p. 35)]
[Illustration: PLATE 60
HEREFORD. _c._ 1285. (p. 36)]
[Illustration: PLATE 61
WINCHELSEA. _c._ 1300. (pp. 36, 41, 42, 50)]
[Illustration: PLATE 62
OXFORD. _c._ 1290. (p. 36)]
[Illustration: PLATE 63
EXETER. _c._ 1295. (p. 36)]
[Illustration: PLATE 64
EXETER. _c._ 1295. (p. 36)]
[Illustration: PLATE 65
IFFLEY. _c._ 1160. (p. 37)]
[Illustration: PLATE 66
LINCOLN. _c._ 1270. (pp. 37, 53)]
[Illustration: PLATE 67
FYFIELD. _c._ 1290. (p. 37)]
[Illustration: PLATE 68
ROCHESTER. _c._ 1330. (p. 37)]
[Illustration: PLATE 69
ERWARTON. _c._ 1450. (p. 38)]
[Illustration: PLATE 70
CAMBRIDGE. _c._ 1510. (p. 38)]
[Illustration: PLATE 71
BEVERLEY. _c._ 1325. (p. 39)]
[Illustration: PLATE 72
WINCHELSEA. _c._ 1320. (p. 40)]
[Illustration: PLATE 73
BEVERLEY. _c._ 1325. (p. 40)]
[Illustration: PLATE 74
ELY. _c._ 1340. (p. 41)]
[Illustration: PLATE 75
ELY. _c._ 1340. (p. 41)]
[Illustration: PLATE 76
LINCOLN. _c._ 1300. (p. 41)]
[Illustration: PLATE 77
EXETER. _c._ 1330. (p. 41)]
[Illustration: PLATE 78
PATRINGTON. _c._ 1370. (p. 41)]
[Illustration: PLATE 79
ALDENHAM. _c._ 1410. (pp. 36, 41, 42, 50)]
[Illustration: PLATE 80
ST ALBANS. _c._ 1520. (p. 42)]
[Illustration: PLATE 81
ELY. _c._ 1500. (p. 43)]
[Illustration: PLATE 82
NORTH CERNEY. _c._ 1500. (p. 43)]
[Illustration: PLATE 83
OXFORD. _c._ 1500. (p. 43)]
[Illustration: PLATE 84
OXFORD. _c._ 1500. (pp. 43, 54)]
[Illustration: PLATE 85
CAMBRIDGE. _c._ 1515. (pp. 37, 38, 44, 45)]
[Illustration: PLATE 86
LINCOLN. _c._ 1270. (p. 48)]
[Illustration: PLATE 87
EXETER. _c._ 1210. (p. 49)]
[Illustration: PLATE 88
YORK. _c._ 1255. (p. 49)]
[Illustration: PLATE 89
ROCHESTER. _c._ 1220. (p. 49)]
[Illustration: PLATE 90
PETERBOROUGH. Capitals _c._ 1220. (p. 49)]
[Illustration: PLATE 91
EXETER. _c._ 1225. (p. 50)]
[Illustration: PLATE 92
EXETER. _c._ 1230. (p. 50)]
[Illustration: PLATE 93
EXETER. _c._ 1240. (p. 50)]
[Illustration: PLATE 94
CHRISTCHURCH. _c._ 1220. (p. 50)]
[Illustration: PLATE 95
KING’S LYNN. _c._ 1300. (pp. 36, 41, 42, 43, 50)]
[Illustration: PLATE 96
KING’S LYNN. _c._ 1300. (p. 50)]
[Illustration: PLATE 97
WINCHESTER. _c._ 1305. (p. 50)]
[Illustration: PLATE 98
TONG. _c._ 1500. (p. 51)]
[Illustration: PLATE 99
TONG. _c._ 1500. (p. 51)]
[Illustration: PLATE 100
ABERGAVENNY. _c._ 1500. (p. 51)]
[Illustration: PLATE 101
NORWICH. _c._ 1420. (p. 51)]
[Illustration: PLATE 102
MULLION. _c._ 1580. (p. 52)]
[Illustration: PLATE 103
CROWCOMBE. _c._ 1550. (p. 52)]
[Illustration: PLATE 104
ELY. _c._ 1210. (p. 53)]
[Illustration: PLATE 105
SOHAM. _c._ 1240. (p. 53)]
[Illustration: PLATE 106
ST CROSS. _c._ 1240. (p. 53)]
[Illustration: PLATE 107
DUNSTABLE. _c._ 1240. (p. 53)]
[Illustration: PLATE 108
WELLS. _c._ 1230. (p. 53)]
[Illustration: PLATE 109
LEOMINSTER. _c._ 1330. (p. 53)]
[Illustration: PLATE 110
EXETER. _c._ 1320. (p. 53)]
[Illustration: PLATE 111
TEWKESBURY. _c._ 1320. (pp. 40, 54)]
[Illustration: PLATE 112
PURSE CAUNDLE. _c._ 1500. (p. 54)]
* * * * *
FOOTNOTES:
[1] Freeman’s _Norman Conquest of England_.
[2] This question is argued at considerable length in Prior and
Gardner’s _English Medieval Figure Sculpture_, Book II, Chapter
<small>I</small>, and by Professors Baldwin Brown and Lethaby and Sir
Martin Conway in various numbers of _The Burlington Magazine_.
[3] _The Burlington Magazine_, “A Dangerous Archaeological Method.”
[4] A more graceful and further developed specimen occurs on a fragment
at Hereford (Pl. 25).
[5] It may be a later insertion. Compare with Pl. 43.
[6] _A History of Gothic Art in England_, p. 252.
[7] This is as distinguished from a common arrangement in later work in
which the stems take more the form of waves about to break. This form
is shown in the vine string on the Oxford watching loft (Pl. 84).
Typographical errors corrected by the etext transcriber:
Anglian crosses=>
Anglican crosses
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