It was then dark. We had walked rapidly for twenty-four consecutive

hours, excepting the two hours of halt. The rain, which had fallen

during the whole period, came down in torrents at its close. Every

one suffered with fatigue, but some were so overcome by it they

could not proceed at all. Soon the darkness became intense; we had

almost to grope our way; no one could pick his footsteps, and there

were many bruises and scratches of the flesh. But over the rocks and

through the brush we had to go in the gloom of that dreadful night.

At length the joyful sound of “halt!” was heard. Our guide said that

we were five miles from any shelter or habitation. It must have been

a dismal spot at all times. On every side arose high hills which

would almost shut out the light of the mid-day sun. But in the then

impenetrable darkness and pouring rain, the thick forest seemed a

fit abode for evil spirits. Yet it afforded security from enemies,

and we were glad to rest even there. No one of the company would be

apt ever to forget the wretched night we spent at that place. After

supper from our water-soaked haversacks, we lay down to rest as best

we could, without blankets or other means of protection from the wet

ground and drenching rain, having agreed without a dissenting voice

that the place ought to be known for all time as Camp Misery!

As soon as it was light enough the next morning, we again moved

forward and soon began to ascend the highest point of the Cumberland

Mountains, known in that vicinity as “The Smoky Range.” On its

top, alternate snow and rain were substituted for the continuous,

soaking rains of the previous thirty-six hours, and added much to

our discomfort. On the top of that and adjacent peaks we travelled

nearly the whole day,--keeping upon the roughest and highest surfaces

to prevent successful pursuit on horses. Our experience during the

remainder of the journey was like that already related. The enemy

tried to intercept us, when in passing from one hill to another we

crossed over the valley roads, as we were obliged to do. On such

occasions one or two of our number would first advance cautiously

and reconnoitre. If no danger appeared, the whole company would then

pass over the road swiftly, making as little trail as possible, and

sometimes by walking backwards, leaving deceptive impressions on the

soil.

One incident of the trip will show after what manner the people of

Scott county were organized to resist their enemies. They were most

thoroughly loyal to the United States and both determined and active.

Through one of the narrow and deep vallies among the hills over which

we traveled, runs New River. Usually it is little more than a creek,

but at that Spring-time because of the heavy and steady rains, it

was a formidable stream. When arrived on its southern bank we could

find but one small canoe; and knowing it would be imprudent to wait

until the whole company could be carried in it over the river, the

guns and provisions were placed in the boat, and all who could swim

jumped in and breasted the waters. Upon the hillside about the fourth

of a mile in front of us, could be seen a small cabin, and as our

guide said that the occupant was a Union man, we did not hesitate to

approach it. We saw no one about the house until one of our guns, in

being placed in the canoe, was accidentally discharged. Immediately

a man ran from the house to the stable, mounted a horse and rode

rapidly up the hillside. We thought this a suspicious circumstance,

and on reaching the house and making known who we were, it came to

light that the horseman, in the belief that our company was one of

rebels, had sped over the hills to inform the “Home Guards” of which

he was a member, and that they would probably fire upon us from

every convenient spot, or as it was commonly termed “bush-whack” us.

But upon this a woman of the family went ahead of our party, and let

the “Guards” know their mistake; and the wounds or death they would

have inflicted upon us were averted. Knowing us to be friends of the

Union, we were in their eyes as brothers, and instead of resistance

and blows, they would have given us help and comfort to the utmost

limit of their power.

* * * * *

At the end of the sixth night of this kind of travel we arrived at

the Federal Army Camp at Boston, Kentucky. The second half of our

original company, whom we had left behind at Clinch river, joined us

the day before that termination. This accession made us three hundred

strong. The sight of that camp gave us relief, joy and thankfulness,

which they only can understand who have had complete deliverance from

protracted sufferings and trouble. Beneath the flag of our choice we

found nourishment, rest, protection and a hearty welcome from friends

who had gone before us and were anxious to hear from dear ones at

home. In six hours, three companies of as good soldiers as were ever

dressed in blue were added to the Sixth East Tennessee Regiment and

went forth to do battle for their homes and country. But they all

united afterwards in saying that no week of their lives as soldiers,

would begin to compare in hardships with the one they spent in this

trip over the mountains.

* * * * *

Before closing this narrative, I should state that the supposed spy

whom we captured at our first halting-place and whose capture saved

us from being overtaken by the pursuing cavalry, proved to be one of

a party of Union men who had several days previously been attacked

on their way to Kentucky and all either scattered or captured. Being

lost in the woods, he accidentally came upon us while resting,

and under the supposition that we were Rebel soldiers, he gave us

confused statements. In a short time he learned the true character of

his captors; but fortunately for us, we did not find out that he was

on our side, until we had reached for the night a secure position. He

afterwards carried a musket in the Sixth East Tennessee Regiment and

was called one of its best soldiers.

APPENDIX: NOTE L: Page 185.

Mrs. Edwards, wife of Mr. Edw. C. Edwards, of Campbell county,

carried information, at the cost of exposure to inclement weather

and risk of arrest and punishment, to the Union troops in several

instances. Once she traveled from her home in a buggy to Lenoir’s

Station on the East Tennessee and Georgia Railway and thence by Rail

to Athens, 55 miles southwest of Knoxville, and quickly returned. She

was accompanied by a neighbor’s adult daughter, Miss Bettie Carey, to

whom she did not divulge her purpose. They traveled with passports

from the Confederate authorities, and accomplished the journey of

more than 150 miles with remarkable celerity. Upon arriving again at

home, Mrs. Edwards mounted her horse, and with the valuable knowledge

concerning intended movements of the Confederate troops which she had

obtained on her recent visit among them, she went alone through the

rain over Pine Mountain to the encampment of Gen. J. G. Spears, near

the Kentucky border. He was of Bledsoe county, East Tennessee, and

in May and June, 1861, a member of the Union Convention at Knoxville

and Greeneville. The information given him by Mrs. Edwards, was the

means of saving from capture, him and his soldiers, and also, several

hundreds of East Tennessee refugees who were on their way to the

interior of Kentucky. General Spears thought that she deserved for

her daring, patriotic exploit, so useful in its results to his army,

more than wordy gratitude; and that she should be paid two thousand

dollars by the Federal Government; but the papers he gave her to

prove that reward was justly due her failed of their purpose. The

United States has never paid it in whole or in part; but her work was

not done for the sake of money.

On another occasion, when Winter was about passing into the Spring

of 1863, she went on a patriotic errand to Williamsburg, Kentucky,

accompanied by Miss Bettie Carey,--both on horseback, their cavalier

being a son of Mrs. Edwards, ten years old, mounted on a mule, but

as on the previous trip, she kept her special purpose from her

companion. Their ostensible object was to purchase supplies needed by

their households. As the first night closed in upon the travelers,

they lost their way on Pine Mountain. Mrs. Edwards preserved her

cheerfulness and hopefully said, that by and by they would find

a house. This they did after tedious wandering in the cold and

darkness. Observing a light, they found the hospitality they sought

in a log cabin which had but one apartment. Their supper, consisting

of coffee corn bread and bacon, was kindly provided by the family,

and one of the beds in the room was assigned to their use. The two

women, with the lad nestling at their feet, slept as comfortably as

the cold wind which found entrance through the crevices of the house

would permit.

The journey had several difficulties, not the least of which was

in fording rivers that were in such a swollen condition, that the

horses had almost to swim and their riders were compelled to mount

high in their saddles to escape the waters. Mrs. Edwards alone knew

what communications she had with others at Williamsburg in relation

to the War. In returning home, they were hospitably fed and lodged

at the house of a worthy Union man, of whom, as illustrating the

wanton cruelties inflicted here and there upon country people by the

Confederate soldiery, it has to be said, that not long afterwards, he

was arrested by them at his home, and deliberately shot to death, and

two of his neighbors of like mind, at the same time shared his fate.

“Were the three men charged with any offence?” was the question asked

of the lady who told of the occurrence in connection with the above

narrative. “O, no!” was her reply; “they were only Union men.”

There was an instance of dangerous adventure in behalf of the United

States, which a young lady and a boy who had just entered his teens

undertook during the siege of Knoxville. According to a report made

to the House of Representatives, (50th Congress, 1st Session,) by

its Committee on War Claims, Gen. Grant sent an important dispatch

to Gen. Burnside. So overrun was the territory between Chattanooga

and Knoxville by Confederate troops, that it could only be delivered,

if at all, with great difficulty and hazard. At length, Miss Mary

Love, of Kingston, Tennessee, agreed to take the message through

the Confederate lines. She went, attended by a guide, Thomas F.

Carter, as far as Louisville, Tennessee. Being there compelled to

abandon personally the attempt, she could find but one person who

was willing to prosecute it: and to him, a boy, John T. Brown, only

13 years of age she entrusted the dispatch. He carried it safely to

its destination, but has never received from the Government, any

acknowledgment of his brave and patriotic service.

APPENDIX: NOTE M: Page 194.

[From the Official Report of General Carter.]

A movement of troops into East Tennessee was proposed as early as

November 25, 1862, but was not ordered until December 19, when

arrangements for it had been completed. It was hoped that the force

to be sent on this hazardous but important expedition, would have

been much larger than that which the Commander of the Department felt

could be detached for that service when the time to enter upon it

arrived.

The original design was to divide the force into two columns, and

strike the East Tennessee and Virginia Railroad at two points at the

same time, distant 100 miles apart, and by moving towards the centre,

destroy the road for that distance.

A junction of the forces (consisting of two battalions 2nd Michigan

Cavalry, Lieut. Col. Campbell; the 9th Pennsylvania Cavalry, Major

Russell; and one battalion 7th Ohio Cavalry. Major Raimey) was made

near the mouth of Goose Creek, Clay County, Kentucky. As ordered by

Gen. Burnside, Col. Charles J. Walker of the 10th Kentucky Cavalry

was placed in command of the cavalry brigade.

The troops were ordered to move without baggage, with ten days

rations, and 100 rounds of ammunition; but as it was feared some

difficulty would be met with in obtaining forage, a supply train

was ordered to proceed some 60 miles on the route and then transfer

forage and rations to a train of pack mules. On the 22nd December

Gen. Carter, who left Lexington on the 20th, came up with the two

battalions of the 2nd Michigan and the 9th Pennsylvania at McKee,

Jackson county, Kentucky, and after one day’s necessary detention,

they effected a junction on the 26th with the remainder of the

troops, (1st Battalion of 7th Ohio Cavalry) at Heard’s on Goose

Creek. The whole force amounted only to about 1,980 men, and of that

number a considerable portion were in the field for the first time.

The marches, owing to the roughness and narrowness of the roads,

(being merely bridle paths along the banks of creeks and over steep

and rugged mountains) were of necessity slow and tedious, and their

length had to be governed by the distance to the several points at

which forage could be obtained. It was not until about meridian of

the 28th, that they reached the foot of the Cumberland mountain (on

the north side,) opposite “Crank’s Gap,” 12 miles to the southward

and eastward of Harlan Court House. The pack train was sent back in

charge of a detachment of the Kentucky State Guard.

A little before sunset they reached the summit of the Cumberland

mountain, and had the field of their operations, with its mountains

and vallies spread out before them. Gen. Carter then consulted with

the officers of his command, and it was the unanimous opinion that

the force was entirely too small to venture on a division according

to the original plan. This decision seemed to be the more necessary

from the news they had received through East Tennessee refugees at

the foot of the mountain, relative to the disposition of the rebel

forces along the line of the railroad.

Soon after dark, the advance commenced the descent of the mountain,

hoping to make a long march before sunrise, but owing to the

steepness, narrowness and roughness of the way, the rear of the

column did not reach the foot of the mountain, until 10 p. m., having

consumed four hours on the way. Gen. Carter was told there were

400 rebel cavalry in the vicinity of Jonesville one mile distant.

As it was important to move through Lee County, Virginia, without

exciting suspicion, he moved down Cane Creek, and passing through a

Gap in Poor Valley ridge, crossed Powell’s Valley about five miles

east of Jonesville. On leaving the valley road, his guides were at

fault and valuable time was lost in finding the way. The march was

continued through the night and at daylight the troops reached the

top of Wallen’s Ridge, 22 miles distant from the foot of Cumberland

Mountain, and halted. Thus far they had advanced without giving

any alarm, or even exciting any suspicion as to their character.

The village of Shelbyville lay immediately below, and but for the

imprudence of an officer in allowing the men to visit the village,

they could have passed on as rebel cavalry. A number of rebel

soldiers belonging to Trigg’s battalion were within Carter’s lines,

supposing they were among friends and were captured.

In a short time the U. S. troops were again in the saddle,--passed

through Stickleyville, across Powell’s Mountain, and through

Pattonsville. Before sunset, they crossed Clinch River 12 miles

from Estillville, Scott County, Virginia, and halted for a couple

of hours. News of their approach had gone before them, but few of

the rebels were disposed to credit it, believing it impossible that

a Government force would venture so far within their territory.

Upon arriving at Estillville at 10 P. M., they were told that a

considerable rebel force was in possession of “Moccasin Gap,”

prepared to resist their passage. Gen. Carter could not afford to

lose time. The Michigan Battalions were dismounted, and under Lieut.

Colonel Campbell, a portion was deployed and moved through the Gap.

Being unacquainted with the ground, and having to guard against an

ambuscade in this strong pass,--which could have been held by a

strong force against greatly superior numbers--they advanced with

great caution. It was midnight before the rear of the column had

passed through. The enemy, deterred by this resolute advance, fled

towards Kingsport, East Tennessee, without firing a gun. A rebel

Lieutenant and several soldiers with their arms, were captured on the

south side of the Gap, on the Blountville road. During the remainder

of the night the men moved forward as rapidly as was practicable

over unknown roads,--picking up rebel soldiers by the way. Owing

to the darkness of the night, a portion of the command lost their

way and became separated from the main body. A small force of the

enemy’s cavalry, hovering about the rear, killed a Sergeant of the

2nd Michigan, and captured two others who had wandered from the road.

At daylight on the morning of 30th December, the troops reached the

town of Blountville, Sullivan County, East Tennessee, surprised and

took possession of the place, captured some 30 soldiers belonging

to the 4th Kentucky Rebel Cavalry and paroled them. They were there

informed that at Bristol, some eight miles distant, there was a

large amount of stores, besides the meat of a considerable number

of hogs, belonging to the Rebel authorities, but as the place was

guarded, according to the best information obtained, by a regiment

of Infantry under Colonel Slimp, (said to be 900 strong,) a Cavalry

force under Colonel Gettner and a battery, they were reluctantly

compelled to leave it on their left, and move towards the railroad

bridge at Union, six miles from Blountville. The General sent forward

Lieut. Colonel Campbell, with a portion of the 2nd Michigan under the

direction of Col. Jas. P. T. Carter of 2nd East Tennessee Infantry,

towards Union, with orders to take the place and destroy the railroad

bridge across the Holston river. As soon as the remainder of the

troops which had been separated during the night, came up, he moved

them rapidly forward in the same direction. When he reached Union,

he found the town in the possession of his men, and the railroad

bridge, a pine structure some 600 feet in length, slowly burning.

The rebel force, about 150 strong, consisting of two companies of

the 62nd North Carolina troops under command of Major McDowell,

had surrendered without resistance; the Major himself having been

first captured by the advance of the U. S. troops while endeavoring

to learn if there was any truth in the report of their approach.

The prisoners were paroled, and a large number of them were that

afternoon on their way to the mountains of North Carolina, swearing

they would never be exchanged. Their joy at being captured seemed to

be unbounded.

The stores, barracks, tents, a large number of arms and equipments,

a considerable amount of nitre, a railroad car, the depot, &c.,

&c., were destroyed; also a wagon bridge across the river, a few

hundred yards below the railroad bridge. As soon as the work of

destruction was fairly under way. Gen. Carter dispatched Colonel

Walker with detachments from the 2nd Michigan, 9th Pennsylvania and

7th Ohio Cavalry,--in all 180 men, the whole under the guidance of

Col. Carter,--towards the Watauga bridge at Carter Depot, 10 miles

west of Union. On their way they captured a locomotive and tender,

with Col. Love of the 62nd North Carolina troops, who having heard

of the approach of the “Yankees,” had started on the locomotive

to Union, to ascertain the truth of the rumor. On the detachments

reaching the Station about sunset, they found the enemy, consisting

of two companies of North Carolina troops, estimated by Colonel

Walker at nearly 200 men, falling into line. Col. Walker gallantly

attacked them and after a brief but warm resistance, they broke

and fled to the woods. The gallant Major Roper of the 6th Kentucky

Cavalry, with two Companies of the 9th Pennsylvania Cavalry under

Capt. Jones of that Regiment, made a dashing charge and captured

and destroyed many of their number. Maj. Roper’s loss was 1 killed,

1 mortally, 1 severely and 2 slightly wounded. The entire loss of

the enemy, owing to the darkness of the night, could not be learned

with certainty, but it was in killed, 12 to 16. The railroad bridge

across the Watauga River, some 300 feet in length, was soon in flames

and entirely destroyed; also a large number of arms and valuable

stores. The captured locomotive was run into the river and completely

demolished, destroying in its passage one of the piers of the bridge.

The men and horses, especially the latter, were much worn and jaded

from constant travel and want of rest. The alarm had been given. The

rebels had the road open to Knoxville and could move up a strong

force. The General also learned that some 500 cavalry and 4 guns,

under Col. Folks, were within three miles; that an Infantry force

would be concentrated at Johnson’s depot, six miles west of Carter’s

station by daylight; and further, that Humphrey Marshall, who was at

Abingdon, Virginia, was moving his troops to occupy the mountains and

thus cut off his egress. It was deemed prudent therefore to return.

The command left Watauga, and after a hard march, reached Kingsport

at the mouth of the North Fork of the Holston River at sunset on the

31st of December. After feeding and resting a short time and issuing

meat to the men, they were again in the saddle, passed eight miles

north of Rogersville, and reached Looney’s Gap on Clinch Mountain

late in the afternoon, passed through without opposition, and about

11 P. M., January 1st, reached a place on the edge of Hancock County,

Tennessee, where forage could be procured, and bivouaced for the

night. This was the first night’s rest the men had been able to take

since the night of the 27th ult. They had been annoyed during the day

and night by bushwhackers, but Providentially escaped with only two

men slightly wounded.

Soon after daylight on the morning of the 2d inst., the command

proceeded towards Jonesville, Lee County, Virginia, with the

intention of reaching the foot of Cumberland Mountain on the Kentucky

side before halting. Its march was much impeded during the day

by bushwhackers, who constantly annoyed the front and rear. Just

before reaching Jonesville, they endeavored to check Gen. Carter by

occupying the hills in his front with two companies, (supposed to

be Larimore’s and Staley’s); but they were soon driven from their

strong position by the skirmishers of the 2d Michigan. The command

reached Jonesville late in the afternoon; but before its rear guard

had passed, it was attacked by about 200 rebels. Col. Walker took

charge of the rear guard, reinforced by two light companies and

drove the assailants back to the woods. Several of their number

were killed,--one in the village of Jonesville and some twenty were

captured during the day, without suffering any loss. From prisoners

the General learned that the passes in Powell’s and Clinch mountains,

through which he marched in going to Union, had been blockaded and

were occupied by three or four companies of infantry. He reached the

foot of Cumberland Mountain, passing through “Crank’s Gap,” at 11 P.

M., and bivouaced;--men and horses completely jaded and worn, having

been in the last five days and seventeen hours, but thirty hours out

of the saddle.

On the 5th inst., the command reached Manchester, Clay County,

Kentucky, and rested on the following day.

Gen. Carter says in conclusion, that “notwithstanding the inclemency

of the weather, the severity of the march and the scanty supply of

rations, for no inconsiderable portion of the time; both officers

and men bore their hardships without a single murmur or word of

complaint. They returned after a journey of 470 miles, 170 of which

were in the enemy’s country, in high spirits and in good condition,

proud to think they had accomplished a feat which for hazard and

hardship has no parallel in the history of the war.”

APPENDIX: NOTE N: Page 196.

When the United States Army under Burnside approached Knoxville,

September, 1863, Captain S. T. Harris was taken with other prisoners

to Columbia, S. C. He was there put in chains that weighed from 12 to

15 pounds, and cruelly imprisoned. His father applied to President

Davis, and in consequence, he was transferred from the filthy and

almost airless cell where he lay, to a better one.

In the same prison were confined a scaling party of the United States

Naval Officers, who had been captured in a night attack on Fort

Sumter, September, 1863. One of them was Ensign Porter, of whom the

Rev. H. Clay Trumbull says in the Church Magazine, August, 1886;

“Apart of the time he was in irons as one of the hostages for two

Confederate privateersmen who were held by our (the United States)

Government as pirates. He was the life of the party. He was always

taking a cheery view of the situation.... In a room of the jail,

adjoining that of the naval officers, there was confined in irons a

Captain Harris of Tennessee, held as a hostage for some Confederate

prisoner under special charges. It was a delight of Ben. Porter to

put his mouth to the key-hole of the intervening door and whistle a

lively tune, while the Captain danced to it with the accompanying

clanking of his chains. After Porter had been himself in irons,

he taught Captain Harris how to remove and replace his handcuffs

and fetters, without the knowledge of the prison officials. It was

through this instruction, that Captain Harris’s life was saved when

the Columbia jail was burned, early in 1865.”

Captain Harris relates that he was hurried off with other prisoners

under guard from Columbia, that they might not be delivered by Gen.

Sherman’s army, and that, having learned while in prison at Knoxville

the trick of slipping off his chains at pleasure, he released himself

of those with which he had been bound in Columbia and left them in

a swamp. He was paroled at Charlotte, N. C., and in exchange for

Captain Ellison of the C. S. Army, a prisoner at Nashville held

as hostage for him by order of President Lincoln, he was finally

transferred from Wilmington, to the United States authorities. On

his return to Knoxville, where he had forgiven all his enemies when

expecting soon to be executed, he did not fully illustrate the saying

of the poet, that young men “soon forget affronts;” but meeting with

one who had sought his life when a helpless prisoner, he remembered

the wrong, and in a brief interview redressed it to his enemy’s

discontent.

APPENDIX: NOTE O: Page 207.

[From official reports concerning the Sanders raid in East Tennessee,

June 14-24, 1863.]

Colonel William P. Sanders, in obedience to special instructions

from the General Commanding the Department, left Mount Vernon,

Kentucky, June 14, 1863, with a force of 1,500 mounted men, composed

of detachments of different regiments, as follows: Seven hundred of

the 1st East Tennessee mounted Infantry, under Colonel R. K. Byrd;

200 of the 44th Ohio mounted infantry, under Major Moore; 200 of the

112th Illinois mounted infantry, under Major Dow; 150 of the 7th Ohio

Cavalry Volunteers, under Captain Rankin; 150 of the Second Ohio

Cavalry Volunteers, under Captain Welch; 100 of the First Kentucky

cavalry Volunteers, under Captain (G. W.) Drye, and a section of

Captain Konkle’s battery. First Regiment Ohio Artillery Volunteers,

under Lieutenant Lloyd,--for the East Tennessee and Virginia

Railroad. From Mount Vernon to Williamsburg, on the Cumberland river,

a distance of sixty miles, a train of wagons containing forage and

subsistence stores, accompanied the expedition. From this point, he

followed a route known as the Marsh Creek road to near Huntsville,

Tennessee, leaving that place a few miles to his left. He reached

the vicinity of Montgomery, Tennessee, on the evening of the 17th of

June, and learning that a small party of rebels were stationed at

Wartburg, one mile from Montgomery, he sent 400 men from the 1st East

Tennessee to surprise and capture them, following one hour afterward

himself with the remainder of the command. The surprise was complete.

They captured 102 enlisted men and two officers (one of them an aide

to General Pegram,) together with a large number of horses, sixty

boxes artillery ammunition, several thousand pounds of bacon, salt,

flour, and meal, some corn, 500 spades, 100 picks, besides a large

quantity of other public stores, and six wagons with mule teams. The

prisoners were paroled, and the property destroyed.

A small portion of this command, who were out some distance from

the camp, with their horses, escaped and gave the first notice of

Sanders’s approach, at Knoxville, Kingston, Loudon and other places.

From that point he marched toward Kingston. When within eight miles

of it, he learned positively that Scott’s brigade and one battery

were at that place, guarding the ford of Clinch River. For this

reason, leaving Kingston to his right, he crossed the river eight

miles above, at Waller’s Ford on the direct road to Loudon. At

daylight, on the 19th (June), he was within three miles of Loudon,

and about the same distance from Lenoir’s. He there learned that a

force of three regiments was at the Loudon bridge, with eight pieces

of artillery, and that they had been for two weeks strengthening

the works at that place, digging rifle pits, ditches, &c. A courier

was captured from the commanding officer at Loudon, with dispatches

ordering the forces from Kingston to follow in Sanders’s rear, and

stating that the troops from Lenoir’s had been ordered to join them.

Sanders determined to avoid Loudon and started immediately for

Lenoir’s station, which place he reached about 8 A. M., arriving

there about thirty minutes after the departure of the rebel troops.

At that station he captured a detachment of artillerymen, with three

6 pounder iron guns, eight officers and fifty-seven enlisted men,

burned the depot, a large brick building, containing five pieces

of artillery, with harness and saddles, two thousand five hundred

stand of small arms, a very large amount of artillery and musket

ammunition, and artillery and cavalry equipments. The depot was

entirely occupied with military stores, and one car filled with

saddles and artillery harness. He also captured some seventy-five

Confederate States mules and horses. There was a large cotton

factory with a large amount of cotton at the place, and he ordered

that it should not be burned, as it furnished the Union citizens of

the country with their only material for making cloth, but it was

burned by mistake or accidentally. He had the telegraph wire and

railroad destroyed from there on to Knoxville, at points about one

mile apart. He met the enemy’s pickets at Knoxville about 7 P. M.

on the 19th (June,) and drove them to within a mile of the city.

Leaving a portion of the 1st Kentucky Cavalry on the southwest side

of the town, he moved the rest of his command as soon as it was dark

by another road entirely around to the other side, driving in the

pickets at several places, and cut the railroad, so that no troops

could be sent to the bridges above. At daylight he moved up to the

city on the Tazewell road and found the enemy well posted on the

heights and in the adjacent buildings, with eight or nine pieces of

artillery. The streets were barricaded with cotton bales, and the

batteries protected by the same material. Their force was estimated

at 3,000, including citizens who were impressed into service. After

about one hour’s skirmishing Sanders withdrew, capturing near the

city two pieces of artillery, 6 pounders, the tents, and all the camp

equipage of a regiment of conscripts, about eighty Confederate States

horses, and thirty-one prisoners.

He then started for Strawberry Plains, following the railroad, and

destroyed all the small bridges and depots to within four miles of

the latter place at Flat Creek, where he burned a finely built,

covered bridge and also a county bridge. The guard had retreated. He

left the railroad three miles below the town, and crossed the Holston

River, so as to attack the bridge on the same side the enemy were. As

soon as he came in sight they opened on the advance with four pieces

of artillery. He dismounted the infantry and sent the 44th Ohio,

under Major Moore, up the river, and the rest under Colonel Byrd and

Major Dow, to get in their rear. After about an hour’s skirmishing,

the enemy was driven off, and leaving a train and locomotive with

steam up in waiting, a portion of them escaped. All their guns (five

in number), 137 enlisted men and two officers, a vast amount of

stores, ammunition, and provisions, (including 600 sacks of salt)

about seventy tents and a great quantity of camp equipage were left

in his hands. He remained at the place all night and destroyed the

splendid bridge over the Holston River, over 1,600 feet long, built

on eleven piers, the trestle included.

At daylight on the 21st (June) he started up the railroad for the

Mossy Creek bridge, destroying the road at all convenient points. At

Mossy Creek, New Market and vicinity, he captured 120 prisoners and

destroyed several cars, a large quantity of stores, several hundred

barrels of saltpetre, 200 barrels of sugar, and a large amount of

other stores. The bridge burned at Mossy Creek was a fine one, over

300 feet in length. Near this place he also destroyed the machinery

of a gun factory and a saltpetre factory.

He determined to leave the railroad here and endeavor to cross the

mountains at Rogers’ Gap, as he knew every exertion was being made

on the part of the enemy to capture his command. Fording the Holston,

at Hayworth’s Bend, he started for the Powder Spring Gap of Clinch

Mountain. There a large force was found directly in his front, and

another strong force overtook and commenced skirmishing with his rear

guard. By taking country roads he got into the Gap without trouble or

loss, and had all this force in his rear. On arriving within a mile

and a-half of Rogers’ Gap, he found that it was blockaded by fallen

timber, and strongly guarded by artillery and infantry, and that all

the gaps practicable were obstructed and guarded in a similar manner.

He then determined to abandon his artillery and move by a wood path

to Smith’s Gap, three miles from Rogers’ Gap. The guns, carriages,

harness and ammunition were completely destroyed, and left. He had

now a large force, both in front and rear, and could only avoid

capture by getting into the mountains, and thus place all his foes

in the rear, which he succeeded in doing, after driving a regiment

of cavalry from Smith’s Gap. The road through this pass was only a

bridle path, and very rough. He did not get up the mountain until

after night. About 170 of his men and officers got on the wrong road,

and did not rejoin the command until it reached Kentucky.

Owing to the continual march, many horses gave out and were left, and

although several hundred were captured on the march, they were not

enough to supply the men. He reached Boston, Ky., on the 24th, with a

loss of two killed, four wounded and thirteen missing. The number of

prisoners paroled by him was 461.

After acknowledging his indebtedness for the success of the

expedition to several officers of his command, Col. Sanders did

so chiefly to Sergeant Reynolds, First East Tennessee volunteers,

and his guides. He said: “Reynolds’ knowledge of the country was

thorough, reliable and invaluable.” “All the officers and men

deserved great credit and praise for the cheerfulness with which

they submitted to great hardships and fatigue, and their energy and

readiness at all times either to fight or march.”

APPENDIX: NOTE P: Page 207.

[Confederate account of the fight at Knoxville, in the Sanders Raid,

condensed from the Report of Lieut. Col. Milton A. Haynes, C. S.

Artillery, to Maj. Von Sheliha, Chief of Gen. Buckner’s staff.]

DEPARTMENT OF EAST TENNESSEE,

KNOXVILLE, JUNE 21, 1863.

Major General Buckner had marched toward Big Creek Gap with all

the artillery and all the other disposable force at this post,

except Colonel Trigg’s 51st (54th) Virginia Regiment, and Colonel

J. J. Finley’s 7th (6th) Florida Regiment; effective force about

1,000 men; leaving Colonel Trigg temporarily in command at

Knoxville. On the morning of the 19th, Maj. Von Sheliha, Acting

Chief of Staff, was informed that the enemy in large force had

passed by Loudon, and were at Lenoir’s Station, twenty-four miles

from Knoxville, and he requested Lieut. Col. Haynes to take

charge of the artillery defence of the city, and to organize his

force from the convalescents in the hospitals and from citizens,

to man his guns then in the city. At the same time he ordered

Maj. S. H. Reynolds, Chief of Ordnance, to issue to Lieut. Col.

Haynes as many field pieces as could possibly be put in condition

within a few hours, and to furnish him with all necessary

equipments and one hundred rounds of ammunition. This order was

fulfilled as far as was practicable.

In the mean time the citizens of Knoxville had been ordered to

report to Col. Haynes or to Col. (E. D.) Blake for duty for the

defence of the city.

At 3 o’clock in the afternoon of that day it was known that the

enemy was within five miles of the city, and their advance were

skirmishing with thirty-seven of our cavalrymen, being all that

were then in Knoxville. The eight pieces of artillery at the

ordnance department were immediately posted in sections. First,

at College Hill, under Maj. Baker (the exposed point); second,

on McGhee’s Hill, under Capt. Hugh L. McClung, and third, under

Lieut. Patterson and Lieut. J. J. Burroughs, at Summit Hill. This

last battery had been fortified during the afternoon, under the

superintendence of Capt. (W. F.) Foster, of the engineers, with a

cotton bale revetment. During that evening, the enemy failing to

advance, Colonel Trigg removed Major Baker’s battery from College

Hill to a point near the Asylum Hospital. In the evening about

200 persons, citizens and convalescent soldiers from hospitals,

had reported for duty, and each of the batteries was fully

manned, although in the morning of the same day there was no

artillery force whatever in the city.

During the night the pickets of the enemy advanced upon the city,

but the Confederate pickets, thrown out by Col. Trigg, after

an hour’s skirmish, drove them back at about 2 o’clock in the

morning.

At 7 o’clock on the 20th, four pieces of artillery, detached by

Gen. Buckner from his command, reached the ordnance depot, and

were immediately taken to the rear as a reserve. Soon after, the

enemy advanced at double quick time from beyond the workshops

in North Knoxville, where the Confederates had neither battery

nor soldiers to oppose them. Colonel Haynes took “a section of

Wyly’s battery, and moved them at a gallop to a point immediately

in front of the advancing column, and opened fire upon them

with spherical case. The enemy took shelter behind houses and

fences, and threw forward sharp-shooters within 200 yards of the

Confederate Battery which was entirely unsupported by infantry,

and 400 yards from any support. At the same time a battery of

three-inch rifled guns belonging to the enemy opened upon the

Confederates at 800 yards, and during the first two or three

shots killed and wounded some of their men and several horses.

The battery was then advanced and ordered not to fire at the

artillery, but at the infantry. The enemy at this moment forming

a column, advanced rapidly, but after receiving two rounds of

canister, they retreated.” ... “During the same time the battery

under Lieut. J. J. Burroughs and Lieut. Patterson on Summit

Hill, were also engaged and kept up a continual fire, during

which Capt. McClung and Lieut. Fellows were killed. The section

under Lieut. Whelon, before ordered by Col. Trigg to Temperance

Hill, opened fire from there upon the retreating enemy, which,

with the fire from Wyly’s battery, Burroughs’ battery and Maj

Baker’s, completed the victory.” ... “The enemy had one battery

of artillery and about 2,600 men, opposed by about 1,000 men,

part of whom were citizens and convalescent soldiers.”

Col. Haynes says in his report: “Among many citizens who reported

to me that day for duty, I must not forget to mention Hon. Landon

C. Haynes, Hon. Wm. H. Sneed, Hon. John H. Crozier, Rev. Joseph

H. Martin and Rev. Mr. Woolfolk, and many others who do not

desire me to mention their names. With such compatriots and such

fellow-soldiers a man might willingly at any time meet the foe.

“Our loss was two officers and two enlisted men killed and four

enlisted men wounded. Loss of enemy, forty-five.”

APPENDIX: NOTE R: Page 227.

[Gen. Longstreet, concerning the military situation in East

Tennessee, Nov., 1863.]

Whether or not the movement of Longstreet against Burnside originated

with Mr. Jefferson Davis, as Gen. Grant was informed, it appears from

the following letter published in 1871,[64] that Gen. Longstreet was

dissatisfied with the way in which Gen. Bragg had ordered things and

was conducting operations in front of Chattanooga; that he attributed

the idea of his own expedition to Bragg’s mind; that he thought it

was the least favorable of opportunities for relief to the situation,

but that having heard of it, he had proposed, without avail, a plan

to make the movement greatly advantageous. Gen. Grant in his Memoirs,

puts the force with which Longstreet left Chattanooga “to go against

Burnside” at about 15,000 troops besides Wheeler’s Cavalry, 5,000

more.

Extract from a letter written by Gen. Longstreet, dated July 12th,

1871:

“I have just concluded to send you a copy of a letter written by

me just on the point of mounting my horse to start upon the East

Tennessee campaign. It was written after my tent was struck, sitting

in the rain, (a light drizzle) from the head of an empty flour

barrel; but I think that, concise and hurriedly as it was written,

it plainly indicated that I understood what Grant’s campaign would

be; that is, I understood the conditions and situations of the two

armies well enough to know what Grant _should_ do, and it is always

safe to assume, with such a man, that he will do what he should do.

Seeing the letter that I send a copy of, amongst my papers that I

was overlooking. I determined to send it, in order that you might be

assured of our force and of my appreciation of the campaign when it

was projected by General Bragg:”

HEADQUARTERS, CHATTANOOGA, Nov. 5, 1863.

S. B. BUCKNER, MAJOR GENERAL.

MY DEAR GENERAL--I start to-day for Tyner’s Station, and expect

to get transportation to-morrow for Sweetwater. The weather is so

bad, and I find myself so occupied that I shall not be able to

see you to say good-bye.

When I heard the report around camp, that I was to go into East

Tennessee, I set to work at once to try and plan the means of

making the move with security, and the hope of great results.

As every other move had been proposed to the General and

rejected, or put off till time made them more inconvenient, I

came to the conclusion as soon as the report reached me, that

this was to be the fate of our army; to await till all good

opportunities had passed, and then, in desperation, to seize upon

the least favorable one.

As no one had proposed this East Tennessee campaign to the

General, I thought it possible that we might accomplish something

by encouraging his own move, and (I) proposed the following

plan, viz: To withdraw from our present lines, and the forces

now in East Tennessee: the latter to be done in order to give

the impression to the enemy that we were retiring from East

Tennessee, and concentrating here for battle or for some

other movement, and place our army in a strong (concentrated)

position. The moment the army was together, make a detachment

of 20,000 to move rapidly against Burnside and destroy him; and

by continued rapid movements, to threaten the enemy’s rear and

his communications to the extent that might be necessary to draw

him out from his present position. This, at least, is a tedious

process, but I thought it gave promise of some results, and was

therefore better than lying here destroying ourselves.

The move, as I proposed it, would have left this army (Bragg’s)

in a strong position and safe, and would have made sure the

capture of Burnside. That is, the army here could spare 20,000 if

it were in the position that I proposed, better than it can spare

12,000, occupying the lines that it now does. Twenty thousand

men well handled could surely have captured Burnside and forces.

Under present arrangements, however, the lines are to be held as

they now are, and the detachment is to be of say, 12,000. We thus

expose both to failure, and really take no chance to ourselves

of great results. The only notice my plan received was a remark

that General Hardee was pleased to make: ‘I don’t think that

that is a bad idea of Longstreet’s.’ I undertook to explain the

danger of having such a long line under the fire of the enemy’s

batteries, and he concentrated, as it were, right in our midst,

and within twenty minutes march of any portion of our line.

But I was assured that he would not disturb us. I repeated my

ideas, but they did not even receive notice. ’Twas not till I had

repeated my plan, however, that Gen. Hardee even noticed me.

Have you any maps that you can give or lend me? I shall need

every thing of the kind. Do you know any reliable people living

near and east of Knoxville, from whom I might get information of

the condition, strength, &c., of the enemy. I have written in

such hurry and confusion of packing and striking camp, that I

doubt if I have made myself understood.

I remain very sincerely your friend,

(Signed) J. LONGSTREET,

Lieutenant General.

APPENDIX: NOTE S: Page 246.

[The night ride of Refugees to Kentucky.]

One of the party of refugees from Knoxville, as Longstreet approached

it, relates: “The attention of wayside inhabitants, on the occasion

of this escapade was the sharper, because the news of Longstreet’s

advance had already spread through the country; and many were the

questions with which the excited and curious population plied

the fleeing party; such as “What is the matter,” etc., etc. The

discomfort of the travellers was especially relieved by the tongue

of an elderly woman whom they encountered. In order to relish the

amusement her sallies afforded them it should be remembered that

“Parson Brownlow” as he was often called, not only had great popular

notoriety, but was as highly esteemed by one party to the strife as

he was intensely hated by the other. By the rebels he was thought to

be,

“The very head and front of their offending.”

By the Union people he was everywhere known as their fearless and

indomitable champion; and the idea of his giving way before the

coming of their foes, could find place in their minds only along side

of a desperate emergency.

As we plunged along with the north star for our main guide, we

were continually hailed to know what was the trouble, and what was

the state of things at Knoxville? It is specially remembered that

just after entering Anderson County, we were saluted by one of the

numerous families peculiar to that region, headed by the matron,

torch in hand:

‘What in the name of goodness does all this mean? and where are you

men going? Is Burnside retreating? or who are you any how?’

It was mildly answered to her by one of the more polite-mannered

gentlemen of the party, that Gen Burnside, so far from being able to

retreat, was in all probability a prisoner with his whole army.

‘And are you running,’ exclaimed she, ‘without firing a gun?’ ‘Oh

no!’ said an elderly gentleman; ‘we are simply retiring in good

order, to save the country.’

‘Yes!’ said she, as she flamed her torch with a sort of patriotic

fierceness; ‘I expect the next thing I’ll hear will be that Old Bill

Brownlow is running too!’

At this juncture, the reverend gentleman so irreverently referred to,

in a subdued tone of voice, remarked:

‘Gentlemen, this is no place to make a stand; I think I’d rather

encounter Longstreet’s army, or Vaughn’s cavalry, than that

woman.’”[65]

Capt. A. J. Ricks, the military escort of the party says: “One man

of the group, from the beginning of the hazardous ride, impressed me

with the coolness, judgment and courage, with which he confronted

dangers, and advised as to the best means of avoiding them; and

it was soon apparent that the distinguished band looked to him as

leader and adviser. And when, at an hour that all agreed my orders

required me to leave them to their own chances and I parted from them

with many misgivings as to their safety, I noticed that they all

instinctively turned to John Baxter, as pilot and commander.”

They did so with good reason, for he had quick and accurate judgment

and a powerful will. Mr. Ricks, now of Massilon, Ohio, in his address

at a meeting of the bar of northern Ohio, held at Cleveland, Ohio,

April 6, 1886, concerning the recent death of the Hon. John Baxter,

of the U. S. Circuit Court, related some interesting incidents in the

Judge’s personal history during the civil war.

“No one of all the famous Union men of that conspicuously loyal

section, (East Tennessee,) was more fearless, consistent or

aggressive in the struggle against secession than our departed

friend. He was a leader in the historic Union Convention of 1861,

which held its session, planning open opposition to the Confederacy,

while rebel regiments by the train load, destined for Virginia, were

passing by within hailing distance. Johnson, Maynard, Brownlow,

Nelson and Baxter were the leading spirits in its deliberations.

“Although the disposition of many members of that convention to make

organized armed resistance at once, and to put Baxter in command of

the forces was not approved by his knowledge of the environment, he

was recommended from Greeneville to President Lincoln for a Brigadier

General’s commission in the army. This honor was tendered, but for

satisfactory reasons was declined.

“In 1862, while on professional business at Memphis, he was arrested

by the Confederate military authorities and confined to prison

sixteen days, refusing to take the oath of allegiance to the Southern

Confederacy, but finally, he was unconditionally released.

“In 1861, he defended three Union men[66] before a Confederate

Military Commission. They were charged with having burned railroad

bridges in aid of the Union cause. He argued against the jurisdiction

of the tribunal, contending that so long as the civil courts were

open and the due course of legal proceedings was uninterrupted, the

citizens arraigned were entitled to a trial by jury, after indictment

by a grand jury, a doctrine long afterwards affirmed by the Supreme

Court, in the Milligan case.

“In 1862, a gallant band of Ohio soldiers, known as the Mitchell

raiders, who, in a lawful military expedition, had seized some

engines and cars and run them towards the Federal lines, were

captured and tried before a court-martial as spies. Baxter

volunteered to defend them and made a fearless argument for them

before the court-martial at Knoxville, urging that they were not

spies engaged in a sneaking expedition, but that taking the risks

of war, they had made an open venture as soldiers under legitimate

military orders, and were entitled to be treated as prisoners of

war, subject to exchange, &c. But the spirit of animosity was then

so great, that the argument of the Union lawyer was of no avail, and

seven of the brave men were shot as spies, while five others escaped

during the excitement of a retreat. One of them is now a prominent

Methodist clergyman of this State.

“One other incident of this stormy and eventful part of his life,

forcibly illustrates his fearless character. In 1861, happening one

day to step into the Court-house, he found a meeting of citizens

called to devise means for raising troops for the rebel army. A

person in the audience, unfriendly to him, and desiring to provoke

him to talk in the presence of soldiers, suggested that perhaps

Colonel Baxter would make them a speech. He did so, and made quite

a different speech from what they wanted to hear. He compared the

resources of the North and South--told them that superior numbers and

wealth and advantages in arming and equipping forces were sure to

give the North success; and that the war, if prosecuted long, would

end in the liberation of their slaves, loss of life and treasure and

final defeat. He also argued against the policy of conscripting Union

men for the Confederate army, and advised the soldiers present, that

such men would be of no service or aid to them. A garbled report

of the speech was published in a Confederate paper, making it even

more obnoxious than it was as delivered. A Georgia regiment stopped

a few days afterwards, on the way to Virginia, and a few personal

enemies of Baxter supplied them with drink and copies of the paper

containing the garbled speech and suggested that he ought to be

hanged. They proceeded to the Court-house where, it was reported,

that Colonel Baxter was engaged in the trial of a case. His friends,

learning of the danger that threatened him, reached the Court-house

in advance of the soldiers and advised him to flee for his life.

Instead of doing so, he walked out of the Court-house in the midst of

the soldiers and inquired if they were looking for him. One of the

leaders thrust a copy of the rebel paper into his hands and asked

him if he was the man who made that speech? He told them in a cool,

deliberate, fearless manner of the circumstances under which he had

made a speech and of the character of the one actually delivered--of

the spirit that actuated the men in calling on him for the speech,

and of the motive that prompted the publication of it in a garbled

form; and then portrayed the cowardice of those who had incited them

through drink to come by hundreds to take the life of an unarmed

and unprotected man. He asked them if they proposed to be the tools

of such men, who dared not confront him personally? His manner, his

tact, his manly courage, first startled them, then arrested their

attention to his defence and finally won their admiration. Instead of

hanging him, they applauded his pluck and approved his denunciation

of his enemies. And it is believed that he could easily have turned

their fury against his assailants, if he had made the attempt.”

APPENDIX: NOTE T: Page 251.

[The Topography of Knoxville and Its Vicinity.]

“On the north bank of the river, a narrow ridge is formed,

extending from a point about two and a-half miles east of

Knoxville, to Lenoir’s. It has an average base of about one and

a-half miles in width. At Knoxville, the width is about one mile.

This ridge is cut through at short intervals by small streams,

two of which, First and Second creeks, run through the town of

Knoxville at a distance from each other of about three-fourths

of a mile. The main part of the town is built upon that portion

of the ridge bounded on the northwest by the valley, on the

southwest by Second Creek, on the southeast by the Holston River

and on the northeast by First Creek. It has the appearance of

a table, elevated about 150 feet above the river, and about

100 feet above the valley. Again, Third Creek is found about

seven-eighths of a mile below Second Creek, forming a second

similar table. A depression in the ridge about the same distance

east of First Creek, forms still another table upon which is

built East Knoxville. This elevated ground is called Temperance

Hill. From this eastward, the ridge is more broken until it

disappears and other ridges spring up. This last division is

known as Mabry’s Hill, and is the highest ground by some twenty

feet to be found on the north side of the river within cannon

range of Knoxville.”

CAPTAIN O. M. POE,

Chief Engineer, Dept. of the Ohio.

APPENDIX: NOTE U: Page 282.

Gen. Sherman found on Gen. Burnside’s table such a good dinner, that

he exclaimed at its contradiction of statements he had heard, that

the besieged army was starving. Gen. Burnside explained that he had

access to supplies from farmers on the south side of the river. No

doubt the dinner was exceptional in the family and had been provided

at extra pains, in honor of the guest. Had he shared the rations of

the soldiers during the siege, he could have verified the reported

scarcity.

The Comte de Paris seems to have read between the lines of Gen.

Sherman’s Memoirs, for he represents that “Gen. Sherman relates his

astonishment when entering a place (Knoxville) which he believed

to be reduced to the last extremities, he beheld a park of the

finest cattle, and when afterwards, Burnside bade him sit down to

a table abundantly served, he understands that the peril has been

exaggerated.” (History of the Civil War in America: By the Comte de

Paris, Vol. IV., page 329.)

The Count is here distressingly inaccurate. Gen. Sherman does not say

that at Knoxville he beheld a park filled with the finest cattle. He

could not have done so, for they were not there to be seen. The “park

and the finest cattle” are figments of the imagination.

APPENDIX: NOTE V: Page 285.

Will H. Brearley of Michigan quotes from a letter written by Col. E.

P. Alexander, Chief Engineer of Gen. Longstreet, dated October 18,

1870, as follows:

“I believe I know as much or more of the assault on Fort Sanders

than any one living, as I first proposed and planned it--not,

however, as it was carried out, for several days’ delay was

caused by the arrival upon the ground of Bragg’s engineer, Gen.

Leadbetter, who insisted on an attempt _above_ the town, which,

however, he gave up in a _reconnoisance_; and by an additional

delay of one day of bad weather, during which Gen. Leadbetter

suddenly decided to give up the plan we had agreed upon and try

a surprise!!! I was then too young and modest to say a word

of objection, and the attempted surprise ended as you well

know--though doubtless was and will always remain a surprise to

you, in one sense at least.” (See “Recollections of the East

Tennessee Campaign.”)

Mr. Brearley also states in his sketches, that during the truce

ordered at the conclusion of the Fort Sanders fight, Capt. Poe

and Col. Alexander, who had been acquaintances at West Point, had

an interview. “Col. Poe very naturally felt like bantering Col.

Alexander about the morning’s work, and asked him if they ‘intended

to try it again?’ which was answered in the negative. Col. Alexander

then said, ‘We did not know there was a ditch in front of the Fort;’

which was responded to by an invitation from Col. Poe to ‘go up and

see it,’ but was politely declined with, ‘I am fully satisfied on

that point.’”

APPENDIX: NOTE W: Page 298.

Commissioned Officers of the United States Army from Tennessee, in

1861-’65, above the grade of Lieutenant:

_Major Generals by Brevet_--Samuel P. Carter, Joseph A. Cooper, Alvin

C. Gillem.

_Brigadier Generals_--William B. Campbell, Andrew Johnson, James G.

Spears.

_Brigadier Generals by Brevet_--James P. Brownlow, George Spaulding,

William J. Smith.

_Colonels_--Spencer B. Boyd, R. K. Byrd, J. P. Carter, Wm. Cross, L.

C. Houk, Fielding Hurst, Robert Johnson, George McPherson, James M.

Melton, John K. Miller, George W. Moore, John Murphy, Samuel K. N.

Patton, Joseph H. Parsons, William C. Pickens, William F. Prosser,

Daniel M. Ray, Felix A. Reeve, James W. Scully, James T. Shelley,

William B. Stokes, Daniel Stover, Isham Young.

_Lieutenant Colonels_--James T. Abernathy, Joseph H. Blackburn,

Albert F. Beach, Stephen Beard, W. K. M. Breckenridge, George

W. Bridges, J. W. Bowman, Andrew J. Brown, Roderick R. Butler,

John C. Chiles, William J. Cleveland, William J. Clift, William

R. Cook, R. Clay Crawford, James J. Dail, R. A. Davis, Calvin M.

Dyer, John Ellis, John Feudge, Frank F. Fisher, Frank T. Foster,

Robert Galbraith, Abraham E. Garrett, J. W. M. Grayson, George A.

Gowin, Charles C. Halfling, Owen Haney, Isaac R. Hawkins, Charles

C. Holding, William H. Ingerton, John S. Kirwan, George D. La

Vergne, Edward Maynard, John B. Minnis, Charles C. McCaleb, Michael

L. Patterson, Milton L. Phillips, Thomas H. Reeves, Pleasant C.

Rutherford, William M. Sawyers, Orlando H. Shearer, James W.

Spaulding, Brazilian P. Stacy, William P. Story, Duff C. Thornburgh,

Jacob M. Thornburgh, D. C. Trewhitt, Fremontin Young.

_Majors_--John F. Armstrong, William S. Barnett, Benjamin J.

Bingham, Edward Black, Luther M. Blackman, James S. Bradford, Jason

A. Bradshaw, William H. Bean, Sater Boland, James O. Berry, Thomas

H. Boswell, David G. Bowers, Morgan F. Buckhart, D. A. Carpenter,

Favor Cason, Albert C. Catlett, M. Cleaveland, Henry Crumbliss, Ben.

Cunningham, William B. Davis, James E. Deakins, William J. S. Denton,

James M. Dickerson, Oliver M. Dodson, David C. Donett, Robert H.

M. Donnelly, George W. Doughty, R. H. Dunn, Patrick F. Dyer, John

Elliott, John Ellis, Daniel D. Emerson, Henry G. Flagg, A. Marion

Gamble, Joseph Grigsby, Sterling Hambright, Abram Hammon, John S.

Herman, James H. Hornsby, George W. Hutsell, Charles Inman, James

H. Johnson, Christopher C. Kenner, Gaines Lawson, Mack J. Liaming,

William R. McBath, Francis M. McKey, Louis Mandazy, Middleton L.

Moore, John Parr, Samuel W. Pickens, John M. Sawyers, Charles C.

Shoyer, Eldridge S. Sidwell, Burton Smith, Meshac Stevens, Benjamin

F. Taylor, Robert M. Thompson, Russell Thornburgh, Alexander

Thurneck, William R. Tracy, Eli N. Underwood, Joseph H. Wagner, S.

L. Warren, Shelah Waters, Thos. Waters, H. W. Wells, C. C. Wilcox,

Wilson W. Willis, John Wortham, John C. Wright.

_Captains_--James W. Adkisson, William C. Allen, Allen G. Anderson,

Francis M. Anderson, Max H. Andrea, William Ausmus, Alfred C. Aytse,

Julius Aytse, Daniel W. Baker, Frederick W. Baker, R. M. Baldwin, A.

B. Barner, William S. Barnett, Charles L. Barton, Thomas J. Barry,

Ezekiel W. Bass, Albert F. Beach, William H. Bean, William O. Beebe,

James W. Bell, Rufus M. Bennett, Charles S. Berry, James W. Berry,

William S. Bewley, John C. Bible, Thomas Bible, James M. Bishop,

Edward R. Bladen, Joseph H. Blackburn, Leonidas Blizard, Ainsworth

E. Blount, James L. W. Boatman, James S. Bonham, Francis H. Bounds,

James J. R. Boyd, John C. Boyer, John S. Bowers, James W. Branson,

Jacob P. Brient, Davis Brooks, David W. Brown, John D. A. Bryan,

S. S. Buck, Charles H. Burdick, William C. Burnett, John H. Byrd,

Robert E. Cair, David M. Caldwell, William A. Campbell, Thomas J.

Capps, Andrew C. Card, James L. Carter, Landon Carter, Robert C.

Carter, Alfred M. Cate, William L. Cate, Charles D. Champion, Elisha

Chastain, Joseph W. Chockley, William J. Cleveland, James Clift,

Judge R. Clingan, Robert H. Clinton, Samuel S. Cobb, William A.

Cochran, Charles W. Coker, Lafayette Coil, Gillon O. Collins, Joseph

A. Collins, Louis Collins, James E. Colville, George B. Colver,

Albert Cook, Bennett J. Cooper, Alfred Couch, Reuben C. Couch, Adam

T. Cottrell, William J. C. Crandall, Jordan W. Creary, Robert C.

Crawford, Jacob P. Crooker, Charles W. Cross, John H. Cross, Thomas

J. Cypreh, John A. Davis, Ross R. Davis, Thomas Davis, James A.

Davison, John F. DeArmond, Jas. E. Deakins, Spencer Deaton, Risden

D. Deford, John G. Dervan, David J. Dickinson, Dennis Donahue,

Alf. T. Donnelly, Robert H. M. Donnelly, James A. Doughty, John C.

Dougherty, Thomas J. Dougherty, Rufus Dowdy, Thomas P. Duggan, John

C. Duff, James L. Dungan, Pat. F. Dyer, Thomas H. Easley, Thomas D.

Eddington, John H. Edwards, James H. Elkins, Daniel Ellis, John W.

Ellis, Richard Ellis, Peter Engels, Samuel E. Erwin, Samuel P. Evans,

James T. Exenn, William Farmer, Eli G. Fleming, David Floerke, Munro

M. Floyd, Michael Fogarty, Asbury Fowler, Richard B. Freeman, Jacob

Fritts, Fred. F. Fulkerson, James H. Galbraith, Theodore W. Gambee,

A. Marion Gamble, Robert L. Gamble, William A. Garner, Andrew J.

Garrison, Joseph W. Gibson, Homer Gillmore, Ellas Goddard, James

A. Goddard, Pastede L. Good, George W. Gorman, Thomas J. Gorman,

William M. Gourley, John T. Graham, George W. Gray, Benjamin F.

Green, James C. Green, Joseph Grigsby, Gid. R. Griffith, George E.

Grisham, Martin V. Guest, Robert A. Guthrie, Newton Hacker, John N.

Haggard, Jacob S. Hagler, Jonathan H. Hall, Henry D. Hamm, Abram

Hammond, Drury P. Harnell, John W. Harrington, Shadrick Harris,

William Harrison, John Harrold, William L. Hatherway, William C.

Hayworth, George W. Heard, John Heavy, Willis E. Hedgecock, Jacob

M. Hendrickson, James M. Henry, Chester J. Hoag, Elijah J. Hodges,

Harry Hodges, Henry G. Hodges, George W. Holtsinger, Samuel C.

Honeycutt, Robert N. Hood, James Howe, George E. Huckaba, William

Hughes, Levi Hurst, John W. Isbell, Solomon Irick, Otta Jacobi,

Wilson C. Jackson, Alexander J. P. Jarcroy, S. M. Jarvis, David B.

Jenkins, William D. Jenkins, Lafayette Jones, Thomas A. Jones, Wade

Jones, Armine T. Julian, John O’Keefe, Henry C. Kelly, Nathan D.

Kemp, James P. Kendrick, Henry C. Kerner, William A. Kidwell, Jno.

F. Kincheloe, James H. Knight, Alfred Lane, Morgan Lane, Richard S.

Lane, Ephraim Langsley, William L. Lea, James L. Ledgerwood, Wash. L.

Ledgerwood, Henry N. Lee, Samuel Leinart, George Littleton, Jesse M.

Littleton, Henry C. Lloyd, Jacob K. Lones, William S. Long, Richard

H. Luttrell, Alexander Lynch, Vanatta MacAdoo, James R. McBath, J.

T. C. McCaleb, Samuel McCaleb, Oliver P. McCammon, Moses McConnell,

Thos. McDermott, Francis M. McFall, James McGill, John McKay, Francis

M. McKey, Nelson McLaughlin, Thomas McNish, George McPherson, Rufus

McSpadden, Fielding L. McVay, Daniel McWilliam, John W. Magill,

Daniel D. Markwood, James M. Martin, John Martin, John H. Martin,

Samuel H. Martin, George W. Massey, Monroe Matterson, Goldman G.

Meador, Daniel Meador, Bayless A. Miller, John A. Miller, Mitchell

R. Millsaps, James A. Montgomery, William F. Morgan, William W.

Mosier, William W. Mount, W. M. Murray, Archibald Myers, James C.

Myers, Vincent Myers, David M. Nelson, Jacob H. Norris, Samuel E.

Northington, Polasky W. Norwood, George Oatley, David Odell, Will

Odle, William J. Patterson, Robert J. Patty, James P. Patey, William

B. Pearson, E. L. Pennington, John C. Penoyar, Daniel T. Peterman,

George W. Peters, William C. Peterson, W. W. Phillips, Chas. A.

Pickens, Samuel W. Pickens, Levi Pickering, John D. Poston, Pleasant

M. Pryor, William Pryor, James H. Queen, Norton E. Quinn, Robert W.

Ragon, Thomas Rains, David Ressh, Alexander D. Rhea, Elias H. Rhea,

William O. Rickman, Barney J. Riggs, Andrew J. Roberts, James G.

Roberts, John C. Rodgers, John T. Robeson, Harbert S. Rogers, Robert

A. Rogers, Thomas J. Rodgers, Samuel P. Rowan, Samuel W. Scott,

Andrew P. Senter, James B. Sharp, David Sharp, John Sharp, William

C. Shelton, Chas. W. Shipmate, H. N. Y. Shipp, John Simpson, Alex.

P. Slatery, John C. Slover, Francis A. Smith, John W. Smith, Louis

Smith, Samuel H. Smith, Brazilian P. Stacy, Thomas Stephens, Alex. D.

Stone, Van Stuart, Fred Slimp, John B. Tape, Isaac A. Taylor, John

W. Taylor, Spencer J. Tedder, James B. Terry, William P. Testerman,

Samuel Tewls, James R. Thompson, Robert M. Thompson, Samuel W.

Tindell, Thomas D. Tipton, John H. Trent, Jacob F. Tregler, William

A. Tuiggs, Joseph D. Turner, Joseph D. Underdown, John A. Wagner,

James H. Walker, John P. Walker, Theophilus F. Wallace, Henry E.

Warren, Shelah Waters, Thomas Waters, John W. Watkins, William C.

Webb, William D. Webster, Robert Weitmuller, Louis M. Wester, Samuel

West, William O. White, Galyon Wiley, Moses Wiley, Pleasant Williams,

Eli P. Willis, Joseph N. Witt, William R. Willoughby, A. H. Wilson,

John Wilson, Jonathan E. Wood, Martin V. Wood, Robert A. Woolen,

Gideon Wolf, Cushbert B. Word, James Wortham, Edwin F. Wiley, James

B. Wyett, David K. Young.

_Adjutants_--Noah Acuff, Samuel P. Angel, John K. Beckner, Charles

H. Bently, Moses C. Brown, Nathaniel B. Brown, Frank Cameron, James

B. Carpenter, Henry A. Cobin, Lawrence Forkner, Joseph P. Galbraith,

James R. Gettys, Charles C. Haefling, William S. Hall, John M.

Harris, W. R. Harris, John W. Hines, Jacob Leab, William A. McTeer,

George B. Morehead, Spencer Munson, John Murphy, Henry W. Parker,

Jesse S. Reeves, William H. Roberts, William Rule, Eli T. Sawyers,

William J. Scott, Ashley L. Spears, William J. Stokes, Gustavus E.

Teubner, Horace H. Thomas, John Thomas, John H. Thorington, William

B. Tickering, William Van Dorn.

APPENDIX: NOTE X: Page 307.

MARTYRDOM OF UNION PEOPLE.

Mr. N. G. Taylor undertook after the war ended, to collect materials

for its “Unwritten History” in East Tennessee, and they not only

confirmed but enlarged the knowledge he acquired in 1861-’2 and ’3

concerning the cruel treatment of Union people during those years.

His estimate of those unarmed, who were put to death in various

ways throughout that region, is founded upon diligent inquiries. In

writing to a friend, February 22, 1886, he says, “I was at some pains

to gather up from the different counties the facts on this point,

and the result showed an aggregate of 2,500 to 3,000 non-combatants

massacred for their Union sentiments. I had at that time a list of

those thus slaughtered in this (Carter) county, which aggregated 70

or 75; in Greene County over 200; in Washington County over 100, &c.,

&c.”

Hon. C. W. Hall, of Rogersville, Tenn., in 1861-2, in “Threescore

Years and Ten, by a Lawyer” (Cincinnati, 1884), tells of such

atrocities. He says: “Guerilla bands claiming to belong to the Rebel

army, were engaged generally in the plunder of Union families. One

of these bands was commanded by one William Owens. His company was

a band of cut-throats, marauding around, seeking to shed blood.

They found a lad of some sixteen years, whose name was Lizemore.

His father was a Union man and quite aged. This gang of desperadoes

arrested the old man, took the boy into the woods and deliberately

murdered him. Whether the Confederate Commander in East Tennessee

commissioned Owens to plunder and kill in order to subdue the loyal

sentiment of that section, as Reynolds and others were trying to do

in other counties is not stated. One fact is known, viz.: that Owens

was recognized by the Rebel military as a Captain.” After detailing

the cruel treatment to which Union people were subjected, Judge Hall

adds: “These outrages were not confined to the more populous portions

of the counties, but were often perpetrated in the hills and hollows,

and usually upon men reputable at home, but bold enough to confess

their loyalty. Indeed it was a rare thing to find a man who had a bad

character before the war, advocating the Union cause.”

APPENDIX: NOTE Y: Page 317.

The list of contributors to the Boston Fund for the relief of

East Tennessee, is interesting. Some sent their proper names with

their gifts. Mr. George F. Bartlett, of New Bedford, wrote to Mr.

Everett: “In response to Col. Taylor’s touching appeal in behalf of

our suffering loyal brethren in East Tennessee, I cheerfully part

with the only thing saved from the whaleship ‘Lafayette,’ burned by

the pirate ‘Alabama,’ April 15, 1863, off Fernando de Noronha, and

enclose the same to you herewith, viz: (6) six English sovereigns,

worth about forty-three dollars. Captain Lewis was fortunately on

shore with this gold to purchase stores, when Capt. Semmes steamed

around the island and burned his ship. I will regard it as a

_forced_ contribution from Capt. Semmes, in the name of the immortal

Lafayette, who loved our country and its Father, and I am most happy

in being able to make so worthy a bestowal of it.”

Hon. J. L. Motley, Jr., U. S. Minister at Vienna, wrote: “I enclose a

check for $200, and I wish it was in my power to send a much larger

sum. When, in after days, the history of this unexampled insurrection

against Liberty comes to be written, there will be few episodes more

moving or more instructive than the record of those Tennesseeans who

have so long sustained the Republic and its principles, amid such

trial and at such sacrifices. Certainly it is no _charity_ on our

part to assist them, but a sacred duty, which I am sure that all will

fulfill in proportion to their means.”

Master John W. Pierce, Jr., twelve years old, wrote from S. W.

Harbor, Tremont, Maine: “Dear Sir: Enclosed please find twenty-five

dollars, which I have collected for the suffering East Tennesseeans.

I had read and heard so much of these loyal people that I wished very

much to do something for them. I said to my mother, I will give them

my dollar, _all my money_. She said that will do very little good

alone, but I might go round and ask my young friends to give for

this noble cause. I was pleased to do so, and have collected this

sum. I found both old and young ready to give me something; very few

refused. In one family I got almost five dollars. I know this is

a small sum compared with the thousands you are receiving, but if

some little boy in each town in this State would go round among his

friends, the sums thus collected would make thousands of dollars, and

oh! how much suffering would be relieved.”

Some, in transmitting their gifts, substituted for their proper

names, such inscriptions, as “A little boy, six years old, his

own money,”--“A poor ex-teacher,”--“A school girl’s monthly

allowance,”--“A law student at Cambridge, being one-half of all he

has,”--“C. and J., two poor young men,”--“Three little sisters,”--“A

Vermont soldier on the Potomac,”--“One day’s pay of a navy yard

employe,”--“A lady, aged 83,”--“Acts, 11th ch., 26 and 27th

verses,”--“The earnings of a little boy,”--“A poor old duster.” The

citizens of historic Lexington sent $280, and eight little girls,

$80, the proceeds of a fair they held at Plymouth. The Pastor of

the Second Church in Dorchester, in remitting its contribution “for

the patriots of East Tennessee,” said: “We observe a fourth Sabbath

evening of each month as a time for prayer for our country, and last

evening thought it fitting to _act_ as well as _pray_.” The Pastor of

the Congregational Church at Taunton, delivered a special sermon in

the same behalf, and the responsive offerings of his people amounted

to $870. From the Unitarian Society at Watertown, founded in 1630,

its Pastor sent a handsome contribution “for brothers who suffer

for their dear country’s cause and glory.” The 44th Regiment of

Massachusetts volunteers had been given $5,000 by fellow-citizens.

One-fifth of the sum was transferred through the Colonel to the

fund “for the relief of the suffering loyalists of East Tennessee.”

“Anonymous” enclosed $500 in a note, saying: “I have stood in the

fight many a day by the side of those East Tennesseeans, but I see

that there are yet other ways of doing one’s duty towards them, so I

add my contribution to their aid.” Another “Anonymous” wrote: “Fifty

dollars from one, who in days of yore was a short sojourner about

Knoxville, and whose then estimate of East Tennesseeans has been

borne out and tested.” “A Young Ensign” left his gift, as he “went

forth to serve his country.”

The tone of the communications received, showed the ardent patriotism

and abounding liberality of the people. Mr. Everett styled it “a

noble letter,” in which the Selectmen of Dorchester sent about

$3,000--the gifts of its citizens and Churches. Three school-girls at

Chelsea devoted their afternoons to visiting “from house to house in

the little town, which is far from rich, with a subscription paper,

asking from each person the small sum of ten or fifteen cents.”

They wrote to Mr. Everett: “It might be a comforting thought to the

suffering Tennesseans, if they could know how generous and interested

even the poorest people have been in their cause. One poor old woman

gave all the money she had (seven cents), with the earnest wish that

it was a great deal more, and that it might also do a little good.”

Their collections amounted to $45. The boys of Mr. Allen’s School at

New Bedford made their gifts under the caption:

“The loyal boys of Massachusetts, to the loyal boys of Tennessee,

send greeting. Having heard through Col. Taylor of the hardships

and privations that you have endured while your fathers and our

fathers have been struggling side by side for the support of the

Union cause and the defence of Liberty, and feeling that, although

remotely situated, we are brothers and have a united interest in the

prosperity of our glorious country, we wish to manifest to you our

sympathy.”

APPENDIX: NOTE Z: Page 331.

CASH BALANCE SHEET OF THE EAST TENNESSEE RELIEF ASSOCIATION. RECEIPTS.

From the E. T. R. A. at Boston, by Mr. Edward Everett, $100,000 00

From the New England Loyal Relief Society, by M.

Brimmer, Esq. 10,000 00

From the E. T. R. A. of Pennsylvania, at Philadelphia 26,184 55

“ “ “ at New York City 15,675 18

“ “ “ at Portland, Me., $7,641 16; also,

through Governor Cony, $3,518 90 11,160 06

From Stamford, Connecticut 1,200 00

“ Wilkesbarre, Pennsylvania 1,000 00

“ Brooklyn, N. Y.; Packer Institute, $236 36; Boys’

C. and P. Institute, $271 17 507 53

From Utica, New York 500 00

“ Cincinnati, Ohio 402 00

“ Knoxville, Tennessee 211 25

“ Providence, Rhode Island 200 00

“ Springfield, Mass. 156 75

“ Springfield, Ohio 134 00

“ Quincy, Illinois, (Ladies’ Needle Picket) 100 00

-----------

$167,431 32

From sales at Knoxville, from 1864 to 1868, $46,413 82

“ “ by County Agents “ “ “ 37,557 92

“ Loans to poor, 185 00; interest in

Cincinnati, &c., 172 08 357 08

From various sources, 191 55;

cash in excess, 253 82 445 37 84,774 19

-----------

$252,205 51

Boxes and barrels of clothing, &c., were received: From Massachusetts

towns and Boston, 34 packages; N. E. Refugee Aid Society, 15;

American Union Commission, 13; Unknown, 15; Philadelphia Ladies’

Relief Association, 9; Ladies’ Aid Society, Wilmington, Delaware,

Refugee Commission, Cincinnati, and Sag Harbor, New York, 2 each;

Dunkirk, Binghampton, and Saugerties, N. Y., 1 each.

EXPENDITURES OF THE EAST TENNESSEE RELIEF ASSOCIATION.

1864.

Feb.--For supplies of food at Cincinnati, by Philadelphia

Committee; freight, insurance, &c. $8,106 66

Mar.--For supplies of food at Cincinnati, by General

Agent; freight, insurance, &c. 32,759 49

1864 & ’5--For supplies of food from Cincinnati, by

Thos. G. Odiorne; freight, insurance, &c. 90,892 10

Goods made into clothing by Ladies’ Sewing Circle,

Boston 2,000 00

Dry Goods bought by General Agent at Philadelphia

and New York 11,000 00

Dry goods and groceries bought at Cincinnati by

General Agent 45,963 70

Wheat bought at Cincinnati by General Agent 4,133 51

Freight, insurance, &c., on above purchases 4,075 08

Shoes at Boston and woolen goods at Philadelphia

(Mr. Everett and L. P. Smith) 12,041 10

Stipends and expenses of Agents (including

Nashville), buying and forwarding 3,596 56

Supplies bought at Knoxville in successive years

to 1868 2,409 37

-----------

$216,977 57

1864-’5--Salaries and expenses attending contribution

of fund 11,187 57

For 4 Years--Home Agency, officers of the Association,

employes, &c. 10,442 73

Cash for support of refugees and poor at Knoxville,

Nashville and Cincinnati 6,961 15

House rent, labor, drayage, printing, &c. 3,911 31

Gift towards Everett Hospital, Knoxville 2,000 00

Gift for relief of sufferers by fire, Portland, Me. 500 00

-----------

$251,980 33

Balance cash on hand, July, 1868 225 18

-----------

$252,205 51

INDEX.

Arnold, Thomas D., 109

Baxter, John, 106, 108, 119, 156, 246, 323

Bell, John, 83, 102

Benjamin, Lieut., 241, 251, 274, 275, 277, 279

Benjamin, J. P., 140, 155, 157, 313

Blue Springs, fight at, 223

Bragg, Gen. Braxton, 171, 227, 234, 237, 280

Bridges, Hon. George W., 128

Bridges on railways in East Tennessee burned, 133

Brownlow, Wm. G., 83, 106, 147, 153-158, 166, 246, 323, 325

Buckner, Gen. Simon, 201, 208-9

Burnside, Gen. A. E., 201, 210, 211, 212, 214, 215, 217, 219-224,

227, 230-232, 236-238, 241, 250-54, 256, 258, 265, 272-3, 279,

280, 283

Byrd, Col. R. K., 201, 215, 220, 222, 294

Campbell, Col. Wm., 43, 46, 52-5

Campbell’s Station, battle of, 241-2-3

Carroll, Gen., 147, 155, 163

Carter, Gen. Samuel P., 194, 222, 230, 245, 247, 248, 317, 325

Carter, Col. J. P. T., 167, 214, 220

Church Ministers, 180-1-2

Churchwell, Col. Wm. M., 173, 174, 187

Cooper, Col. (Gen.) Joseph A., 116, 119, 294

Cox, Gen. J. D., 214, 293, 296

Crittenden, Gen. (C. S. A.), 155, 156, 163-4

Cumberland Gap, 128, 131, 161, 186, 187, 207, 216, 223, 226

Dana, Charles A., 226, 236, 324

East Tennessee Relief Society, 310, 311, 317, 323

Everett, Edward, 12, 22, 311, 317, 328, 329

Executions, 147, 150, 151

Ferrero, Gen., 223, 241, 252, 276

Foster, Maj. Gen., 286, 289, 291

Foster, Col., 215, 221, 223-’4, 226

Grant, U. S., 225, 226, 227, 234-’5-’6, 237, 267, 281, 288

Halleck, Gen., 220, 221, 222

Hartraupt, Gen., 240, 241, 262, 264

Heiskell, William, 108, 323

Humphreys, Judge W. H., 124, 141, 143

Imprisonments, 145, 146

Johnson, Hon. Andrew, 100, 102, 114, 129, 158, 309

Kirby Smith, Gen. E., 170, 171-’3, 186, 187, 301

Knoxville, 34, 35

Lenoir’s, 201, 225, 238, 239

Lincoln, President A., 92, 94, 235, 286, 309

Longstreet, Gen., 226, 227, 234, 238, 241, 261, 265-’6-’7, 271,

275-’6, 279, 281, 291

Loudon, 134-’5, 201, 222, 225, 236-’7, 239

May, M. R., M. D., 108

Maynard, Horace, 102, 127, 158, 174, 236, 329

Military League, 100, 104, 113

Murphy, J. C., 108

Nelson, Thomas A. R., 100, 102, 108, 128, 323

Pennsylvania Commissioners, 323, 324, 326, 330

Poe, Capt. Orlando M., 250, 253, 256, 263, 284, 285

Potter, Brig. Gen., 223, 225, 236, 241, 271

Reynolds, Robert B., 145, 157

Rosecrans, Gen., 219, 221-2

Sanders, Col. (Gen.) Wm. P., 199, 201-’2, 207, 213, 238, 253, 254,

255, 256

Schofield, Gen., 293, 294, 295-’6

Sevier, Col. John, 42, 43-’4, 46, 53, 59-60, 63, 67-’71-76

Shackelford, Gen., 223, 226, 244

Shelby, Col. Isaac, 42, 43-’4, 46, 50, 52-’3

Sherman, Gen. W. T., 234, 237, 281, 282, 287, 288, 293, 296, 297

Slavery in East Tennessee, 30-34, 78

Smith, Lloyd P., 34, 310, 323, 328

Spears, J. G., 108, 119

Stanford, Dr. R. L., 159-163

Taylor, Nathaniel G., 80, 306, 307, 308, 309, 310, 311, 313, 316,

317, 322, 323

Temple, O. P., 82-’3, 106, 246, 323

Thomas, Gen., 163, 227, 235, 294

Trigg, Connelly F., 101, 106, 109, 153, 158

Union Convention at Knoxville and Greeneville, 105-119

University, East Tennessee, 179-180, 298

Wheeler, Gen., 234, 238, 244, 293

Wheeler, R. D., 108

White, Gen., 214, 222, 236, 241

Wilcox, Gen., 214, 223, 224, 226, 267

Williams, John, 106, 108

Wood, Col. W. B., 131, 132, 136, 139

Woolford, Col., 214, 222, 225, 244

Yancey, Wm. L., 81-85

Zolicoffer, Gen. Felix, 122-126, 131, 139, 153, 163

FOOTNOTES:

[1] Two Brothers Hare--in “_Guesses at Truth_.”

[2] Bancroft. Ch. XLVI.: Ed. 1854.

[3] “A Brief Historical, Statistical and Descriptive Review of

East Tennessee, Developing its Immense Agricultural, Mining and

Manufacturing Advantages. By J. Gray Smith.” ... London, 1842.

[4] Its population was 301,056 in 1860, and 428,929 in 1880.

[5] See Appendix: Note A.

[6] Mr. Balestier.

[7] In 1887 East Tennessee voted in favor of a State prohibition law

by a majority of nearly 13,000.

[8] The mountaineers are innocent of the dialect given them in recent

novels.

[9] Moses White, Esq., in an address to the Tennessee Press

Association, has made these historical statements.

[10] See letter of “Gath” (George Francis Townsend)--Cincinnati

Enquirer, September, 1885.

[11] Hon. Henry R. Gibson.

[12] “History of the Battle of King’s Mountain,” by Dr. Lyman C.

Draper: (the fruit of laborious historical research, and exhaustive

of its subject.)

[13] Dr. Ramsey writes, “Dupoister.”

[14] Haywood’s History of Tennessee: Knoxville, Tenn., 1821. 8vo.

[15] See Appendix: Note B.

[16] See Appendix, Note C.

[17] Note D.

[18] See Appendix: Note E.

[19] See Appendix Note F.

[20] See Appendix: Note G.

[21] See Appendix Note H.

[22] A Union man, who was also an elder of a Presbyterian Church,

was grieved to hear its bell joining with merriest notes in the

chorus of song. He sought with speed to know the reason, and found a

citizen of good social position, whose intimate relations were more

with this present world than with that which is to come, had got into

the Church by a window, and was vigorously applying his gentlemanly

muscle on the rope that led to the steeple.

[23] See Appendix: Note I.

[24] He died in prison.

[25] See Appendix Note J.

[26] NOTE.--The youthful officer was soon after killed in battle for

the Confederacy.

[27] See Appendix: Note K.

[28] See Appendix Note L.

[29] See Note M.

[30] See Appendix: Note N.

[31] See Notes O. and P.

[32] See “A Rebel War Clerk’s Diary at the Confederate States

Capital,” Vol. 2, page 46.

[33] NOTE.--The Comte de Paris charges “guilty neglect” upon Foster:

that while he halted his column under the pretext of allowing his

men time to rest, he sent on the road to Henderson’s Mill the Fifth

Indiana Regiment, through which the Confederate troops easily opened

a way.--_The Civil War in America, Vol. 4._

[34] Gen. Grant, in his “Personal Memoirs” (see Vol. II., page 49)

puts the force with which Longstreet left Chattanooga “to go against

Burnside at about fifteen thousand troops, besides Wheeler’s cavalry,

five thousand men.” For Longstreet’s mind as to the situation, see

Appendix, Note R.

[35] NOTE.--“Near one of the batteries, when the wind would lift the

smoke a little, we could distinguish a pair of (high) boots that

resembled Burnside’s boots, and judging from an occasional glimpse of

an old soft felt hat which seemed to be nearly above them, we knew

that somewhere between the two, our commander had his headquarters

established.--WILL. H. BREARLEY.”

[36] Charles F. Walcott’s History of the 21st Regiment Massachusetts

Volunteers states the Union troops at six thousand, and their losses

twenty-six killed, one hundred and sixty-six wounded and fifty-seven

missing. The Rebellion Record, Vol. VIII, gives the rebel loss as one

thousand killed and wounded.

[37] See Appendix: Note S.

[38] Appendix: Note T.

[39] Major Burrage, of the 36th Massachusetts Regiment.

[40] Dr. Jackson, of Pennsylvania.

[41] Mr. Robt. H. Armstrong’s, over one mile west of Fort Sanders.

[42] Wm. Todd in “History of Seventy-ninth Highlanders, N. Y.

Volunteers,” says that the Second Michigan was a part of the

reinforcement, (page 383.) Chas. F. Walcott in “History of

Twenty-first Regiment, Massachusetts Volunteers,” page 289, states

that the garrison was reinforced by five companies Twenty-ninth

Massachusetts, two companies Twentieth Michigan and a brigade of the

Twenty-third corps.

[43] The boast among the besiegers had been that they “had got Mr.

Burnside and his pet corps into a trap.”

[44] A fact. An intelligent eye witness of the scene, who served in

the United States Army and numerous battles of the period, affirms

that he never witnessed such a spectacle of human slaughter.

[45] Capt. Poe says in his report, four killed and eleven wounded.

[46] NOTE.--At a reception given Gen. Burnside, January, 1864, at

Boston, by the Second Massachusetts Infantry, the General in the

course of his speech, told how he asked a rebel prisoner four or five

days after the attack on Fort Sanders why Gen. Longstreet did not

make a second one. “Well,” said the prisoner “General, I will tell

you. Our men just swear that they are never going into that slaughter

pen again, and when they won’t go, the ball won’t roll.”

(See Chas. F. Walcott’s History of the Twenty-first Regiment

Massachusetts Volunteers.)

[47] NOTE.--One of them relates: “Whenever any of us could get off

duty, we would stroll over to where the teamsters were feeding their

mules; should the teamsters be gone, the mules invariably lost their

rations. Frequently the kernels of corn that the mules and horses

could not help losing, were picked up out of the dirt and eaten by

the nearly famished troops.”

[48] Appendix: Note U.

[49] See Atlantic Monthly, for July, 1866.

[50] See Appendix: Note V.

[51] Bishop Otey was at first in the troubles of 1860-’61, a decided

Union man, but when actual hostilities began, he espoused the cause

of “the South.” Upon the occupation of Memphis by the United States

forces, Gen. Sherman showed him kind and valuable attentions.

[52] Rev. Joseph H. Martin.

[53] Judge Daniel Breck.

[54] Soon after, for gallant conduct, made a Brigadier General.

[55] Capt. William Rule.

[56] See Appendix: Note W.

[57] See Appendix: Note X.

[58] See Appendix: Note Y.

[59] After the siege of Knoxville, soldiers of Burnside’s army had

only half rations of bread. Sergeant White, in his Diary, Walcott’s

History 21st Massachusetts Regiment, says: “I have to-day seen

soldiers scrambling after corn in the ear, as though it was the

greatest of luxuries. We parch it. Officers eat it, as well as

privates. Well, its all for the Union and we are driving the rebels

to the wall, thank God!” A committee of citizens requested Gen.

Foster to send the people out of the country, rather than the U. S.

army should evacuate it.

[60] NOTE.--“To which,” say the Commissioners, “he might have added,

and with more truth than Francis the First at the battle of Pavia,

‘save honor.’”

[61] Hon. Horace Maynard.

[62] See Appendix: Note Z.

[63] Aubrey de Vere.

[64] In a pamphlet, entitled “Recollections of the East Tennessee

Campaign,” by Will H. Brearley, Company E, 17th Michigan Volunteers.

Detroit.

[65] “The Nashville (Tenn.) Union.”

[66] Haun, and the two Harmons, father and son, executed at Knoxville.

TRANSCRIBER’S NOTE

Obvious typographical errors and punctuation errors have been

corrected after careful comparison with other occurrences within

the text and consultation of external sources.

Some hyphens in words have been silently removed, some added,

when a predominant preference was found in the original book.

Except for those changes noted below, all misspellings in the text,

and inconsistent or archaic usage, have been retained.

Pg 14: ‘Bridge Burning’ replaced by ‘Bridge-burning’.

Pg 15: the page number for Chapter XIX was missing; ‘316’ inserted.

Pg 42: ‘Sumpter’s disaster’ replaced by ‘Sumter’s disaster’.

Pg 72: ‘beleagured dwelling’ replaced by ‘beleaguered dwelling’.

Pg 79: ‘Fort Sumpter’ replaced by ‘Fort Sumter’.

Pg 80: ‘a dissaffected State’ replaced by ‘a disaffected State’.

Pg 121: ‘battle of Manasses’ replaced by ‘battle of Manassas’.

Pg 139: ‘Benjamin, Sceretary’ replaced by ‘Benjamin, Secretary’.

Pg 161: ‘the two refgees’ replaced by ‘the two refugees’.

Pg 174: ‘Its fullfilment’ replaced by ‘Its fulfillment’.

Pg 208: ‘department o’ replaced by ‘department of’.

Pg 225: ‘Tennesee River’ replaced by ‘Tennessee River’.

Pg 281: ‘led them them to’ replaced by ‘led them to’.

Pg 325: ‘from the the U. S.’ replaced by ‘from the U. S.’.

Pg 338: ‘non-combattant’ replaced by ‘non-combatant’.

Pg 373: ‘Artillery Volunters’ replaced by ‘Artillery Volunteers’.

Pg 377: ‘immediaiely posted’ replaced by ‘immediately posted’.

Pg 398: ‘railways ln East’ replaced by ‘railways in East’.