has recently been identified by Professor Palmieri in the spectrum of
lava from Vesuvius—a highly interesting discovery, if verified.
[15] The Sun, p. 193.
[16] R. D. Cutts, “Bulletin of the Philosophical Society of
Washington,” vol. i. p. 70.
[17] This instrument may be described as an electric balance of the
utmost conceivable delicacy. The principle of its construction is
that the conducting power of metals is diminished by raising their
temperature. Thus, if heat be applied to one only of the wires
forming a circuit in which a galvanometer is included, the movement
of the needle instantly betrays the disturbance of the electrical
equilibrium. The conducting wires or “balance arms” of the bolometer
are platinum strips 1/120th of an inch wide and 1/25000 of an inch
thick, constituting metallic _antennæ_ sensitive to the chill even of
the fine dark lines in the solar spectrum, or to changes of temperature
estimated at 1/100000 of a degree Centigrade.
[18] Defined by the tint of the second hydrogen-line, the bright
reversal of Fraunhofer’s F. The sun would also seem—adopting a medium
estimate—three or four times as brilliant as he now does.
[19] Annales de Chimie et de Physique, t. x. p. 360.
[20] S. P. Langley, “Nature,” vol. xxvi. p. 316.
[21] Sir J. Herschel’s estimate of the “temperature of space” was
239°F.; Pouillet’s 224°F. below zero. Both are almost certainly much
too high. See Taylor, “Bull. Phil. Soc. Washington,” vol. ii. p. 73;
and Croll, “Nature,” vol. xxi, p. 521.
[22] This is true only of the “normal spectrum,” formed by reflection
from a “grating” on the principle of interference. In the spectrum
produced by refraction, the red rays are _huddled together_ by the
distorting effect of the prism through which they are transmitted.
[23] Am. Jour. of Science, vol. xx. p. 36.
[24] Am. Jour. of Science, vol. xx. p. 41.
[25] Report of the Paris Observatory, “Astronomical Register,”
Oct. 1883; and “Observatory,” No. 75.
[26] Hipp. ad Phaenomena, lib. i. cap. xiv.
[27] Cosmos, vol. iii. p. 272 _note_.
[28] Am. Jour. of Science, vol. xx. p. 437.
[29] Nature, vol. xxiii. p. 19.
[30] An expression used by Mr. Warren de la Rue.
[31] Optice, p. 107 (2nd ed. 1719.) “Author’s Monitio”
dated July 16, 1717.
[32] “Der grosse Mann, der edle Pedagog, Der, sich zum Ruhm,
ein Heldenvolk erzogen.”
[33] “Zwar sind sie an das Beste nicht gewöhnt, Allein sie
haben schrecklich viel gelesen.”
[34] “Zwanzig Jahre liess sich gehn
Und genoss was mir beschieden;
Eine Reihe völlig schön
Wie die Zeit der Barmeciden.”
—_West. Div._
[35] “Sicherlich es muss das Beste Irgendwo zu finden sein.”
[36] “Dass die Welt, wie sie auch kreise,
Liebevoll und dankbar sei.”
[37] “Will ich in Kunst und Wissenschaft,
Wie immer, protestiren.”
[38] “An diese Religion halten wir fest, aber auf eine eigene Weise.”
[39] “Was kann der Mensch im Leben mehr gewinnen,
Als dass ihm Gott-Natur sich offenbare?”
[40] “Von der Société St. Simonien bitte Dich fern zu halten;” so he
writes to Carlyle.
[41] “Usi Natalizi, Nuziali e Funebri del Popolo Siciliano
descritti da G. Pitrè.”
[42] Edward, second Earl. His father, Robert Harley, first Earl, was
Treasurer under Queen Anne.
[43] The friend and correspondent of Dean Swift, Mrs. Delany, and other
people of note in her day.
[44] This criticism was passed in reference to the comic scenes in
“Henry IV.” and “Henry V.”
[45] A Cornish borough, now disfranchised.
[46] See Eclectic Magazine for December, 1884.
[47] Egypt, No. 1, 1878.
[48] Egypt, No. 9, 1884.
[49] See Egypt, No. 12, p, 132-133.
[50] _Times_, September 12.
[51] See Egypt, No. 12, p. 226.
[52] Egypt, No. 8, 6.
[53] Ibid., No. 12, 169.
[54] I learn that the Committee has now been formed for the purpose of
raising a statue to the memory of Schopenhauer. The following is a list
of members:—Ernest Rénan; Max Müller of Oxford; Brahmane Ragot Rampal
Sing; Von Benningsen, formerly President of the German Reichstag;
Rudolf von Thering, the celebrated Romanist of Göttingen; Gyldea, the
astronomer from Stockholm; Funger, President of the Imperial Court
(Reichsgericht) of Vienna; Wilhelm Gentz of Berlin; Otto Böhtlingk of
the Imperial Academy of Russia; Karl Hillebrand of Florence; Francis
Bowen, Professor at Harvard College in the United States; Professor
Rudolf Leuckart of Leipzig; Hans von Wolzogen of Bayreuth; Professor F.
Zarncke of Leipzig; Ludwig Noiré of Mayence; and Emile de Laveleye of
Liège.
[55] On April 20, 1731, the English vessel _Rebecca_, Captain Jenkins,
is visited by the coast-guards of Havanna, who accuse the captain of
smuggling military goods. They find none on board, but they ill-treat
him by hanging him first to the yard and fastening the cabin boy to his
feet. The rope breaks, however, and they then proceed to cut off one of
his ears, telling him to take it to his king. Jenkins returns to London
and claims vengeance. Pope writes verses about his ear, but England
did not choose to quarrel with Spain just then, and all is apparently
forgotten. Eight years after, some insults offered by the Spaniards
to English vessels brought up again the topic of Jenkins’s ear. He
had preserved it in wadding. The sailors went about London wearing
the inscription “ear for ear” on their hats. The large merchants
and shipowners espoused their cause. William Pitt and the nation in
general desire war with Spain, and Walpole is forced to declare it. The
consequences are but too well-known. Bloodshed all over the world on
land and sea. Jenkins’s ear is indeed avenged. If the English people
were poetical, says Carlyle, this ear would have become a constellation
like Berenice’s crown.
[56] The writer of these pages had the honor of delivering the annual
Oration in the Sanders Theatre of Harvard University, under the
auspices of the Φ. Β. Κ. Society, on June 26, 1884. The following paper
is the substance of the address then spoken, with such modifications as
appeared appropriate to the present form of publication.
[57] In an essay on “Pindar” in the _Journal of Hellenic Studies_
(vol. iii.), from which some points are repeated in this paragraph,
I have worked this out more in detail.
[58] Saintsbury’s _Short History of French Literature_, p. 405.
[59] In the _Attic Orators_, vol. ii. p. 42, I pointed out this analogy.
[60] Professor Sellar’s rendering, _Roman Poets of the Republic_, p. 55.
[61] Sir Walter Scott, Fenimore Cooper, Miss Sedgwick, and Hawthorne in
his story of “The Gray Champion,” have all made use of this striking
incident.
[62] Elsewhere Mr. Harrison contemptuously refers to the _Descriptive
Sociology_ as “a pile of clippings made to order.” While I have been
writing, the original directions to compilers have been found by my
present secretary, Mr. James Bridge; and he has drawn my attention to
one of the “orders.” It says that all works are “to be read not with a
view to any particular class of facts but with a view to all classes of
facts.”
[63] _Journal of Asiatic Society of Bengal_, xxiv. part ii., p. 196.
[64] Ellis, _Polynesian Researches_, vol. i. p. 525.
[65] _Journ. As. Soc. of Ben._, xv. pp. 348-49.
[66] Bastian, _Mensch_, ii. 109, 113.
[67] _Supernatural Religion_, 2nd ed., vol. i. p. 12.
[68] Dr. Henry Rink, _Tales and Traditions of the Eskimo_, p. 37.
[69] Tylor, _Primitive Culture_, vol. ii. p. 133.
[70] _Ibid._ p. 139.
[71] _Ibid._ p. 137.
[72] Tylor, _Primitive Culture_, vol. ii. p. 144.
[73] _Harrison contre Spencer sur la Valeur Religieuse de
L’Inconnaissable_, par le C^[te]. Goblet D’Alviella. Paris, Ernest
Leroux.
[74] _Essays_, vol. iii. pp. 293-6.