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Rockets, Missiles, and
Spacecraft of the
National Air and Space Museum
_SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION_
_LYNNE C. MURPHY_
_Published by the Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D.C.,
1976_
[Illustration: Museum Logo]
Welcome to the National Air and Space Museum, part of the Smithsonian
family. The flight of the Wrights in 1903 opened the door to ever more
rapid and powerful ascents into the third dimension. This country,
putting its scientific and technical talents to work, has produced an
array of fascinating and complex machines. Fortunately, nearly all of
the most significant ones have been preserved, and a sampling of them is
included in this booklet. I hope that you will enjoy it, and that it
will add to your understanding of what air and space progress has meant
to all of us.
[Illustration: Michael Collins]
Michael Collins
Director, National Air and Space Museum
[Illustration: _Viking 2_—bound for Mars—is launched aboard Titan
Centaur on September 9, 1975.]
_Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data_
National Air and Space Museum.
Rockets, missiles, and spacecraft of the National Air and Space
Museum, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C.
Bibliography: p.
1. Astronautics—United States—Exhibitions.
2. National Air and Space Museum.
I. Murphy, Lynne C.
II. Title: Rockets, missiles, and spacecraft of the National Air and
Space Museum ... TL506.U6W376 1976 629.4′0973′0740153 76-6961
Printed in the U.S.A.
Designed by Elizabeth Sur
_Negative numbers and photo credits_
1, A-42103 (SI); 2, 74-H-1066 (NASA); 3, 74-H-1244 (NASA); 4, A-3757
(SI); 5, 72-8670 (SI); 6, 58-Explorer I-1 (NASA); 7, 62-Mariner II-34
(NASA); 8, 63-Mariner II-26 (NASA); 9, 62-MA 6-74 (NASA); 10, 62-MA6-111
(NASA); 11, 65-H-934 (NASA); 12, 65-H-937 (NASA); 13, 69-H-1199 (NASA);
14, 69-H-1367 (NASA); 15, 76-4880-81 (SI); 16, P-14054 (JPL, NASA,
Pasadena, California); 17, 73-H-993 (NASA); 18, 74-H-239 (NASA); 19,
75-15926 (SI); 20, 74-H-1220 (NASA); 21, A-50483 (SI); 22, 65-H-817
(NASA); 23, 76-1706 (SI); 24, 76-1705 (SI); 25, 71-H-413 (NASA); 26,
62-NC-2 (NASA); 27, 63-ARCAS-1 (NASA); 28, 75-16094 (SI); 29, 75-16228
(SI); 30, 75-16276 (SI); 31, 61-DELTA-4-6 (NASA); 32, 66-H-223 (NASA);
33, VAN-11 (NASA); 34, 67-H-1008 (NASA); 35, 66-H-28 (NASA); 36,
60-TIROS-5 (NASA); 37, 69-H-1915 (NASA); 38, 68-H-111 (NASA); 39,
62-RELAY-17 (NASA); 40, 71-H-1414 (NASA); 41, 69-H-285 (NASA); 42,
66-H-871 (NASA); 43, 76-H-1182 (NASA); 44, 69-H-1986 (NASA); 45, 76-1704
(SI); 46, A-459994 (SI); 47, A-5293 (SI); 48, A-1085 (SI); 49, 75-11488
(SI); 50, A-4554 (SI); 51, 72-H-1240 (NASA); 52, 63-CENTAUR-15 (NASA);
53, 75-13753 (SI); 54, 76-2756 (SI); 55, 76-2687 (SI); 56, 75-H-461
(NASA); 57, 76-4479-6 (SI); 58, 62-MA6-109 (NASA); 59, 71-H-1380 (NASA);
60, 65-H-1021 (NASA); 61, A-5367 (SI); 62, 75-10232 (SI); 63, A-5073
(SI); 64, 75-16091 (SI); 65, 76-1625-11 (SI); 66, 73-733 (SI); 67,
SPACE-12 (NASA); 68, 67-H-1609 (NASA); 69, 64-H-2795 (NASA); 70,
65-H-674 (NASA); 71, 76-1707 (SI); 72, 76-1708 (SI); 73, 73-H-928
(NASA); 74, 71-H-398 (NASA); 75, 68-H-423 (NASA); 76, 68-H-422 (NASA);
77, 75-H-248 (NASA); 78, 75-H-1081 (NASA); 79, 75-H-891 (NASA); 80,
75-H-1077 (NASA); 81, 71-H-525 (NASA); 82, 61-MR3-76 (NASA); 83,
65-H-2355 (NASA); 84, 72-H-734 (NASA); 85, 62-F1-2 (NASA); 86, 67-H-1205
(NASA); 87, 71-H-1416 (NASA); 88, 70-H-1392 (NASA); 89, 71-H-335 (NASA);
90, 74-H-63 (NASA); 91, S-71-45480 (NASA, Johnson Space Center); 92,
72-H-1571 (NASA).
Contents
Introduction 6
_Milestones of Flight_ Gallery 100
Robert H. Goddard’s Rockets: March 16, 1926, and 1941 7
_Sputnik 1_ 8
_Explorer 1_ 9
_Mariner 2_ 10
_Friendship 7_ 11
_Gemini 4_ 12
Apollo 11 Command Module, _Columbia_ 13
_Life in the Universe_ Gallery 107
Ponnamperuma Experiments 14
Photomosaic Globe of Mars 15
_Mariner 10_ 16
U.S.S. _Enterprise_ 17
_Satellites_ Gallery 110
Goddard A-Series Rocket, 1935 18
WAC Corporal 19
Aerobee 150 20
Farside 21
Nike-Cajun 22
ARCAS 23
Cricket 24
Viking 12 25
MOUSE 26
Agena-B 27
Science Satellites 28
Meteorological Satellites 30
Communications Satellites 32
_East Gallery_ Gallery 112
Lunar Module 34
Lunar Orbiter 35
Surveyor 36
_Rocketry and Space Flight_ Gallery 113
Goddard Rockets: May 1926 and “Hoopskirt,” 1928 37
19th-Century Rockets: Congreve and Hale 38
American Rocket Society: Engines and Parts 39
H-1 Engine 40
RL-10 Engine 41
JATO Units 42
LR-87 Engine 43
Toward 2076: The Future of Rocket Propulsion 44
Project Orion 45
Space Suits 46
_Space Hall_ Gallery 114
V-2 (A-4) 48
V-1 49
German Antiaircraft Missiles 50
Jupiter-C 51
Vanguard 52
Scout 53
Minuteman III 54
Poseidon C-3 55
Skylab 56
Apollo-Soyuz Test Project 58
M2-F3 Lifting Body 60
_Apollo to the Moon_ Gallery 210
_Freedom 7_ 61
_Gemini 7_ 62
F-1 Engine 63
Lunar Roving Vehicle 64
Apollo Lunar Tools and Equipment 65
Apollo Command Module: _Skylab 4_ 66
Moon Rocks 67
Suggested Reading 68