us, are the Project of a well-known Gentleman, in whose house they are
exhibited; a Gentleman who has, in several instances, displayed a
most uncommon Vein of Humour. His Burlesque Ode on St Cecilia’s
Day,[735] his Labours in the _Drury Lane Journal_, and other papers,
all possess that singular Turn of Imagination so peculiar to himself.
This Gentleman is perhaps the only Person in England (if we except the
Artist above mentioned) who could have projected, or have carried
tolerably into Execution, this scheme of a Grand Exhibition. There is
a whimsical drollery in all his Plans, and a Comical Originality in
his Manner, that never fail to distinguish and to recommend all his
Undertakings. To exercise his Wit and Humour in an innocent Laugh, and
to raise that innocent Laugh in others, seems to have been his chief
Aim in the present Spectacle. The Ridicule or Exhibition, if it must
be accounted so, is pleasant without Malevolence; and the general
Strokes on the common Topics of Satire are given with the most
apparent Good-humour. . . . . .
On entering the Grand Room, . . . . you find yourself in a large and
commodious Apartment, hung round with green Bays, on which this
curious collection of Wooden Originals is fixt flat, (like the Signs
at present in Paris,) and from whence hang Keys, Bells, Swords, Poles,
Sugar-Loaves, Tobacco-Rolls, Candles, and other ornamental Furniture,
carved in Wood, that commonly dangle from the Penthouses of the
different Shops in our streets. On the Chimney-Board (to imitate the
Stile of the Catalogue) is a large, blazing Fire, painted in
Water-colours; and within a kind of Cupola, or rather Dome, which lets
the Light into the Room, is written in Golden Capitals, upon a blue
Ground, a Motto from Horace, disposed in the Form following:--
[Illustration]
From this short Description of the Grand-Room, (when we consider the
singular Nature of the Paintings themselves, and the Peculiarity of
the other Decorations,) it may be easily imagined that no Connoisseur,
who has made the Tour of Europe, ever entered a Picture-Gallery that
struck his Eye more forcibly at first Sight, or provoked his Attention
with more extraordinary Appearance.
We will now, if the Reader pleases, conduct him round the Room, and
take a more accurate Survey of the curious Originals before us. To
which End we shall proceed to transcribe the ingenious Society’s
Catalogue, adding (as we proposed before) such Notes and Illustrations
as may seem necessary for his Instruction or Entertainment.
8. _The Vicar of Bray: The Portrait of a Beneficed Clergyman, at Full
Length._ [The vicar of Bray is an Ass in a Feather-topped Grizzle,
Band, and Pudding Sleeves.--This is a much droller Conceit, and has
more Effect when executed, than the old Design of The Ass loaded with
Preferment.]
9. _The Irish Arms. By Patrick O’Blaney._ [_N.B. Captain Terence
O’Cutter stood for them._] [A Pair of extremely thick Legs in white
Stockings and black Garters.]
12. _The Scotch Fiddle. By M^{c}Pharson, done from Himself._ [The
Figure of a Highlander sitting under a Tree, and enjoying that
greatest of Pleasure of _scratching where it itches_.]
16. _A Man._ [Nine Taylors at Work; in Allusion to the old Saying of
_nine Taylors make a Man_.]
19. _Nobody, alias Somebody._ A Character. [The Figure of an Officer,
all Head, Arms, Legs and Thighs.--This Piece has a very odd Effect,
being so drolly executed that you don’t miss the Body.]
20. _Somebody, alias Nobody. A Caricature. Its Companion. Both these
by Hagarty._ [A rosy figure with a little Head and a huge Body, whose
Belly swags over, almost quite down to his Shoe-Buckles. By the Staff
in his Hand it appears to be intended to represent a Constable.--It
might also have been mistaken for an eminent Justice of Peace.]
22. _The Strugglers. A Conversation. By Bransley._ [Represents a Man
and Wife fighting for the Breeches.]
23. _A Free-Mason’s Lodge, or the Impenetrable Secret. By a Sworn
Brother._ [The supposed Ceremony and probable Consequences of what is
called _making a Mason_, representing the Master of the Lodge with a
red hot Salamander in his Hand, and the new Brother blindfold, and in
a comical Situation of _Fear and Good-Luck_.]
25. _A Man running away with the Monument. By Whitaker._ [This Picture
of a London Night, like the Farmer Returned, represents
---- the Watchmen in Town,
Lame, feeble, half blind.----
Two of these Cripples are pursuing the Thief, one crying out, Stop
Thief! and the other, I can’t catch him.]
27. _The Spirit of Contradiction. Ditto. By Hagarty._ [Two Brewers
with a Barrel of Beer, pulling different Ways.]
28. _The Logger Heads. Ditto. By Ditto._ [Underwritten, the old Joke
of _We are Three_. Shakespeare plainly alludes to this sign in his
Twelfth Night, where the Fool comes between Sir Toby Belch and Sir
Andrew Aguecheek, and, taking each by the Hand, says, “How now, my
Hearts, did you never see the Picture of _We Three_?”]
30. _The Dancing Bears. By Hagarty._ [Most drolly conceived and
comically executed.--Represents Four Bears on their hind Legs, drest
in different Characters, one with a gold Chain round his Neck, giving
Right Paw and Left, gravely practising Country-Dances, under the
Tuition of a Monkey, drest like a Dancing-Master, and fiddling on a
KIT-ten.--The Seriousness and Solemnity of each of these Figures is
incomparable. Underneath is written, “Grown Gentlemen taught to
Dance.”]
31. _Band Box. By Sympson._ [Hieroglyphically expressed . . . . an Ass
standing in a Bandbox.]
33. _St John’s Head in a Charger._ [The dead Saint’s Eyes, like those
in most Portraits, seem to be looking at you.]
35. _A Man in his Element. A Sign for an Eating-House._ [A Cook
roasted upon a Spit at the Kitchen-Fire and basted by the Devil.]
36. _A Man out of his Element._ [A Sailor fallen off his Horse, with
his Skull lighting against the ten mile Stone from Portsmouth.]
38. _A Bird in the Hand, a Landscape. By Allison._ [A common sign in
various Parts of England, which has usually this Inscription,
A Bird in Hand is better far
Than two that in the Bushes are.
But these Lines are much improved in the Inscription that is under
this Sign in the Exhibition:
A Bird in Hand far better ’tis
Than two that in the Bushes is.]
39. _Absalon Hanging, a Peruke Maker’s Sign. By Sclater._ [Underneath
is written--
If Absalon had not worn his own Hair
Absalon had not been hanging there.]
40. _Welcome Cuckholds to Horn-Fair. By Hagarty._ [Whimsically
imagined, and drolly executed--Being a Picture of Horn-Fair containing
various Figures of Cuckholds in different Characters; some with large
staring Bulls’, Goats’-Horns, &c., others with their Horns just
budding. The center Figure is that of a fine Gentleman (copied from
the fine Gentleman in Lethe) with Rams’-Horns. On a Bank, fast asleep,
sits a Citizen-like Figure, with large branching antlers, and on the
other side of the Picture, is a jemmy Figure in Boots, who has no
Horns upon his Head, but carries them in his Pocket, out of which the
tops appear tipt with Gold. This last Gentleman’s Horse (to make the
Picture complete) is also represented as a Cuckhold, having a Horn in
his Forehead like an Unicorn’s.]
49. _An Ha! Ha!_
50 [_On a parallel Line with the foregoing on the other Side of the
Chimney_] _The Curiosity, its Companion._ [_These two by an unknown
Hand, the Exhibitors being favoured with them from an unknown
Quarter._] ⁂ _Ladies and Gentlemen are requested not to finger them,
as blue Curtains are hung over in purpose to preserve them._ [Behind
the blue Curtains on one of these Boards is written _Ha! Ha! Ha!_ and
on the other _He! He! He!_ At the first opening of the Exhibition the
Ladies had infinite Curiosity to know what was behind the Curtain, but
were afraid to gratify it. This _covered Laugh_ is no bad satire on
the indecent Pictures in some Collections, hung up in the same Manner
with Curtains over them.]
52. [_Over the Chimney_] _The Renowned Seven Champions of Christendom,
from an entire New Design._ [A Capital Piece. The Seven Champions are
represented in the following Manner. 1. St George is an English Sailor
mounted on a Lion, with a Spit (by Way of Lance) bearing a Sirloin of
Beef in one Hand, and a full Pot of Porter marked _only Three Pence a_
QUART in the other. By the Lion’s Foot are two Scrolls, like Ballads,
the one inscribed O the Roast Beef of Old England: the other, Hearts
of Oak are our Men. 2. St Andrew is a Highlander mounted on a Scotch
Galloway, with a Broad Sword, bearing an Oat Cake at the End of it in
one Hand, and a Flask of Whisky in the other. 3. St Dennis is a
Frenchman, mounted on a Deer, a timorous swift-footed Animal with a
small Sword in one Hand on which a Frog appears to be spitted, and a
Dish of Soupe Maigre in the other. 4. St Anthony is the Pope, mounted
on a _Bull_, with a Crosier and a Vessel of Holy Water dangling from
it, in one Hand, and a Cod-Fish inscribed Food for Lent in the other.
From his Right Foot hangs a Scroll inscribed Kiss my Toe, and on the
Ground several Rolls of Paper, on which are written, Pardons,
Indulgencies, &c. &c. 5. St James is a Spaniard mounted on a Mule with
an Ingot of Gold in one Hand and a _Padlock_ in the other. 6. St David
is Taffy mounted on a Goat brandishing a Leek in one Hand, and bearing
a Cheese, by Way of Target, in the other. 7. St Patrick is an Irish
Soldier, mounted on a large Stone-Horse, at whose Feet is a kind of
Bill with this Inscription--To cover this Season Black and All Black.
He has a Sword, bearing a Potatoe on the End of it in one Hand, and a
three-square Bottle, inscribed _Green Usquebaugh_ in the other.]
53. _An original Portrait of the present Emperor of Russia._
54. _Ditto of the Empress Queen of Hungary, its Antagonist._ [These
are two old signs of the Saracen’s Head and Queen Anne. Under the
first is written THE ZARR, and under the other the EMPRES QUEAN. They
are lolling their tongues out at each other, and over their heads runs
a wooden label, inscribed, _The present State of Europe_.]
56. _The Ghost of Cock Lane. By Miss Fanny ----._ [The figure of two
hands, one bearing a hammer, the other a curry-comb, in allusion to
knocking and scratching.]
58. _All the World and his Wife. By Blackman._ [The figure of a
foolish-looking fellow, with the globe round his body, (like Orbis in
the Rehearsal,) and his wife cudgelling him.]
60. _A Prospective View of Billingsgate, or Lectures on Elocution._
61. _The Robin Hood Society, a Conversation; or Lectures on Elocution.
Its Companion. These two by Barnsley._ [These two Strokes at a famous
Lecturer on Elocution,[736] and The Reverend Projector of a Rhetorical
Academy, are admirably conceived and executed: and (the latter more
especially) almost worthy the Hand of Hogarth. They are full of a
Variety of droll Figures, and seem indeed to be the Work of a great
Master, struggling to suppress his Superiority of Genius, and
endeavouring to paint down to the common Stile and Manner of the
School of Sign-painting.]
64. _View of the Road to Paddington, with a Presentation of the
Deadly-Never-Green, that bears Fruit all the year round. The Fruit at
full Length. By Hagarty._ [Tyburn with three Felons on the Gallows.
This _Piece_ is remarkable for the _Execution_.]
65. _The Salutation, or French and English Manners. By Blackman._ [An
English Jack Tar, kicking, and taking a tawdry Mounseer, cringing and
bowing, by the Nose.]
66. _Good Company. A Conversation. Intended as a Sign for a
Tobacconist. By Bransley._ [The Conceit and Execution are admirable.
It represents a Common-Council-Man, and two Friends, drunk, over a
Bottle and a Pipe. The Common-Council-Man is fallen back on his Chair
as asleep. One of the Friends, an officer, is lighting a Pipe at his
red Nose, while the other, a Doctor, is using his Thumb for a Tobacco
Stopper.]
68. _Hogs-Norton. A Sign for a Musick-Shop. By Bransley._ [Represents
(in allusion to the old saying concerning Hog’s Norton) an Hog drest
in a Laced Suit, and an enormous Tye Wig, playing upon the Organ.]
69. _St Dunstan and the Devil._ [The Saint Taking the Devil by the
Nose.]
70. _St Squintum and the Devil, its Companion. By ----._ [Dr W----d
doing the same. The Portrait is not unlike the Doctor.[737]]
71. _Shave for a Penny, Let Blood for Nothing._ [A Man under the Hands
of a Barber-Surgeon, who shaves and lets Blood at the same Time, by
cutting at every Stroke of his Razor.]
72. _Teeth Drawn with a Touch. A Caricature. Its Companion._ [A Man in
much the same circumstances, mutatis mutandis, under the Hands of a
Tooth-Drawer.]
“Such,” says the _London Register_, “are the Original Paintings in the
Society’s Collection.” It may be remarked that there is some humour in
placing many of the signs, which of themselves would not be very
striking: for instance, THE THREE APOTHECARIES’ GALLIPOTS, with THE
THREE COFFINS as its companion; KING CHARLES IN THE OAK, and by its side
THE OWL IN THE IVY BUSH. Some of the signs are very indelicate, but this
objection does not appear amongst the many charges brought against Mr
Thornton and his friends. The opinion of society upon this point was
very different in the last century from what it is now.
Besides the official catalogue there also appears to have been a comic
or satirical guide, for the newspapers of the day advertise--
_This Day was published, Price 6d._,
HA! HA! HA! Or the Laugher’s Companion to the GRAND EXHIBITION of the
SIGN PAINTERS. Also He! He! He! Or the Artist’s Guide to the Society’s
Exhibition.
Printed for W. Nicholl, at the Papermill, in St Paul’s Churchyard.
We shall close this subject with a paper in favour of the much abused
exhibition, a weak, but well meant, effusion in doggerel rhyme:--
_To the_ PRINTER _of_ THE ST JAMES’S CHRONICLE.
SIR,
As the Sign Painters in this Catalogue have directed any Essays on
their Exhibition to be sent to you, I have troubled you with the
enclosed Trifle, by inserting which in your Chronicle, you will oblige
Your humble Servant
And constant Reader
A FRIEND TO THE SIGN PAINTERS.
_Addressed to the Gentlemen of the Society of_ SIGN PAINTERS.
Though Malice darts around malignant Rays
And pow’rful Envy all its Spleen displays:
Go on, great Chiefs, pursue your noble Play,
And nobly end, what nobly you began.
Spite of Detraction shall your Mirth rise
With odorif’rous Flavour to the Skies,
And _Masmore’s_, _Lester’s_, _Ward’s_, and _Fishbourne’s_ Name,
With thine, Van Dyke, shall live to endless Fame;
For your Collection Wit and Skill combine,
And Humour flows in ev’ry well chose Sign;
To you the Palm, th’ admiring World must give,
To you the Honour ev’ry Artist leave.
Regard not they the little-minded’s Rage,
Nor dread the snarling Critic’s angry Page;
For conscious Worth shall be your safest Guard,
And Immortality your sure Reward.
April 27-29, 1762. E. N.
[723] In Farringdon Street; the head-quarters of the London
Sign-Painters.
[724] In allusion to a well-known art-theory of Hogarth’s.
[725] Fanny Parsons was the girl who played such an active part in the
Cock Lane ghost performances, Jan. and Feb. 1762.
[726] A famous discussion club held at the Robin Hood Tavern, Essex
Street, Strand.
[727] Evidently an allusion to Edmund Curll, the notorious bookseller,
who stood in the Pillory at Cheapside.
[728] The gallows at Tyburn.
[729] A corruption of _Hook-Norton_, the name of a small village in
Oxfordshire, where the hogs formerly played upon the church organ. So,
at least, the story runs.
[730] “St Squintum” was probably intended for John Whitfield, the famous
preacher, whose personal appearance was the subject of numerous lampoons
and caricatures at this time.
[731] This seemed to be a sort of slang phrase equivalent to the
present--“It’s all my eye;” it occurs in “Tom Brown,” vol. ii., p. 13,
1708. See also p. 467 of this work.
[732] 35. From another source we learn that this was very
different:--“No. 35. A Man in his Element, a sign for an
Eating-house,”--a cook roasted on a spit at a kitchen fire, and basted
by the devil.
[733] In allusion to Peeping Tom, the shoemaker of Coventry.
[734] Under the title of--“PARTICULAR ACCOUNT of the GRAND EXHIBITION in
Bow Street, with Remarks and Illustrations of it.”
[735] Bonnell Thornton composed an ode on St Cecilia’s Day, which was
set to music by Dr Burney, and performed by the aid of those national
instruments, the marrow bones and cleavers. The affair came off at
Ranelagh, and gave general satisfaction. In a former chapter we have
given full particulars of this event. Thornton was born in London 1724,
educated at Westminster School and Christ Church, Oxford. In connection
with Geo. Colman the elder he started the _Connoisseur_, the _St James’
Chronicle_, and other periodicals. He died May 9, 1768, and was buried
in Westminster Abbey.
[736] Orator Henley is doubtless intended.
[737] The celebrated preacher, George Whitfield, who was chaplain to
Selina, Countess of Huntingdon.
INDEX.
A. B. C., 476.
Abel Drugger, 85.
Abercrombie, Sir Ralph, 58.
Abraham Offering his Son, 259.
Absalom, 263.
Acorn, 246.
Adam’s Arms, 136.
Adam and Eve, 257, 258.
Addison’s Head, 68.
African Chief, 432.
Air-Balloon, 486.
Airesdale Heifer, 190.
Albemarle, Duke of, 59.
Albion, 329.
Ale-stakes, 6.
Ale-pole, 233.
Alfred’s Head, 45.
Almond Tree, 245.
Anchor, 332.
Anchor and Castle, 333.
Anchor and Can, 333.
Anchor and Shuttle, 333.
Ancient Briton, 415.
Andrew Marvel, 63.
Angel, 266, 267, 268.
Angel and Bible, 270.
Angel and Crown, 270.
Angel and Gloves, 271.
Angel and Still, 271.
Angel and Stilliards, 271.
Angel and Sun, 272.
Angel and Woolpack, 272.
Angel on the Hoop, 504.
Angler, 361.
Annunciation, 279.
Anodyne Necklace, 405.
Antelope, 110.
Antigallican, 485.
Antigallican Arms, 136, 485.
Antwerp, 425.
Anvil, 346.
Anvil and Blacksmith, 346.
Anvil and Hammer, 346.
Ape, 161.
Ape and Bagpipes, 438.
Apollo, 69.
Apple-tree, 239.
Apple-tree and Mitre, 239.
Arabian Horse, 175.
Archimedes, 62.
Arethusa, 329.
Arrow, 326.
Artichoke, 250.
Ash-tree, 246.
Ass in the Bandbox, 467.
Atlas, 71.
Auld Lang Syne, 81.
Australian, 436.
Ave Maria, 280.
Axe, 346.
Axe and Cleaver, 346.
Axe and Compasses, 346.
Axe and Saw, 346.
Axe and Tun, 475.
Babes in the Wood, 76.
Bacchus, 69.
Bag o’ Nails, 347.
Baker and Basket, 348.
Baker and Brewer, 348.
Balaam’s Ass, 261.
Balcony, 375.
Bald Face, 165.
Bald Hind, 164.
Bald-faced Stag, 164.
Ball, 482.
Ball and Cap, 483.
Ball and Raven, 483.
Balloon, 355, 486.
Barrel, 349.
Bang Up, 355.
Bank of Friendship, 434.
Banner, 322.
Baptist Head, 273.
Barber’s Pole, 341.
Barber’s signs, 344, 345.
Barley Broth, 384.
Barleycorn, Sir John, 79.
Barley Mow, 244, 327.
Barley-Stack, 244.
Bat and Ball, 484.
Battered Naggin, 468.
Battle of the Nile, 61.
Battle of Pyramids, 61.
Battle of Waterloo, 61.
Bay Childers, 175.
Bay Horse, 171.
Beadle, 336.
Beagle, 194.
Bear, 152, 153, 154.
Bear and Bacchus, 155.
Bear and Harrow, 155.
Bear and Ragged Staff, 136.
Bear and Rummer, 155.
Bear’s Paw, 144.
Bear’s Head, 155.
Bedford Head, 99.
Beech-tree, 246.
Beef Steaks, 378.
Beehive, 231, 472.
Bee’s Wing, 384.
Bel and Dragon, 256.
Bell, 473, 477, 478, 479.
Bell and Anchor, 480.
Bell and Black Horse, 174.
Bell and Bullock, 480.
Bell and Candlestick, 480.
Bell and Crown, 480.
Bell and Cuckoo, 480.
Bell and Horse, 174.
Bell and Lion, 480.
Bell and Mackerel, 230.
Bell and Talbot, 165.
Bell in the Thorn, 475.
Bell Savage, 480, 481.
Benbow, Admiral, 57.
Bess of Bedlam, 370.
Bible, 253.
Bible and Ball, 256, 483.
Bible and Crown, 103.
Bible, Crown, and Constitution, 254.
Bible and Dial, 256.
Bible and Dove, 255.
Bible and Harp, 473.
Bible and Key, 285.
Bible and Lamb, 255.
Bible and Peacock, 255.
Bible and Sun, 256.
Bible and Three Crowns, 127.
Bible, Sceptre, and Crown, 255.
Birch-tree, 246.
Bird and Bantling, 138.
Birdbolt, 361.
Bird in the Bush, 449.
Bird in Hand, 446, 447, 448, 449.
Bishop Blaize, 283.
Bishop Blaize and Two Sawyers, 252.
Bishop of Canterbury, 64.
Bishop’s Head, 315.
Blackamoor’s Head, 485.
Black Ball and Lillyhead, 64.
Black Bell, 479.
Blackbird, 202.
Black Boy, 432.
Black Boy and Camel, 433.
Black Boy and Cat, 105.
Black Boy and Comb, 433.
Black Bull and Looking-Glass, 187.
Black Cock, 209.
Black Crow, 203.
Black Dog, 193.
Black Dog and Still, 483.
Black Doll, 486.
Black Girl, 433.
Black Friar, 319.
Black Goat, 192.
Black Greyhound, 195.
Black Jack, 384, 385, 386.
Black Lion, 120.
Blackmoor’s Head and Woolpack, 347.
Black Posts, 373.
Black Prince, 46.
Black Ram, 190.
Black Spread Eagle, 139.
Black Swan, 215, 216, 473.
Blaize, Bishop, 283.
Bleeding Heart, 300.
Bleeding Horse, 175.
Bleeding Wolf, 143.
Blind Beggar of Bethnal Green, 73.
Blink Bonny, 175.
Block, 363.
Blossom’s Inn, 297.
Blue Anchor, 333.
Blue Anchor and Ball, 333.
Blue and Gilt Balcony, 376.
Blue Balls, 483.
Blue Bible, 253.
Blue Boar, 116, 288.
Blue Bowl, 395.
Blue Boy, 510.
Blue Bull, 195.
Blue-coat Boy, 509.
Blue Cock, 209.
Blue Cow, 195.
Blue Dog, 194, 195.
Blue Flower Pot, 377.
Blue Fox, 195.
Blue Garland, 236.
Blue Greyhound, 195.
Blue Helmet, 326.
Blue Horse, 170.
Blue Lion, 146.
Blue Man, 195.
Blue Peruke and Star, 404.
Blue Pig, 116, 195.
Blue Posts, 373.
Blue Pump, 397.
Blue Ram, 195.
Blue Stoops, 406.
Board, 377.
Boar’s Head, 378, 379, 380.
Boat, 334.
Boatswain, 332.
Boatswain’s Call, 332.
Bœuf à la Mode, 475.
Bolt in Tun, 471.
Bombay Grab, 328.
Bonny Cravat, 406.
Book in Hand, 446.
Booksellers’ Signs, 6, 7.
Boot, 409.
Boot and Slipper, 409.
Bosom’s Inn, 297, 298.
Bottle, 387.
Bottle and Glass, 387.
Bowman, 363.
Bowls and Candle-poles, 362.
Boy and Barrel, 349.
Boy and Cap, 349.
Brace, 473.
Brandy Cask, 349.
Brass Knocker, 376.
Brawn’s Head, 381.
Brazen Serpent, 7, 261.
Breeches and Glove, 409.
Britannia, 415.
British Oak, 246.
Brood Hen, 178.
Broughton, 87.
Brown Bear, 152.
Brown Bill, 336.
Brown Cow, 190.
Brown Jug, 387.
Brown Lion, 150.
Brunswick, The, 50.
Buchanan Head, 63.
Buck, 471.
Buck and Bell, 165.
Bucket, 397.
Buck in the Park, 127.
Buckthorn Tree, 246.
Buffalo Head, 186.
Bugle, 188.
Bugle Horn, 340.
Bull, 182, 183.
Bull and Bedpost, 187.
Bull and Bell, 165.
Bull and Bitch, 187.
Bull and Butcher, 187.
Bull and Chain, 182.
Bull and Dog, 187.
Bull and Gate, 62.
Bull and Garter, 252.
Bull’s Head, 185.
Bull Inn, 92.
Bull and Magpie, 187.
Bull and Mouth, 61.
Bull and Oak, 188.
Bull and Stirrup, 116.
Bull and Swan, 188.
Bull and Three Calves, 177.
Bullen Butchered, 47.
Bull in the Oak, 188.
Bull in the Pound, 188.
Bull’s Neck, 186.
Bumper, 390.
Bunch of Carrots, 243.
Bunch of Grapes, 243.
Bunch of Roses, 236.
Burdett, Sir Francis, 63.
Burnt Tree, 246.
Bush, 3, 4, _note_, 233, 234.
Bushel, 347.
Butler’s Head, 63.
Butt and Oyster, 381.
Cabbage, 251.
Cabbage Hall, 251.
Cabinet, 393.
Cæsar’s Head, 45.
Camden Arms, 68.
Camden Head, 68.
Camden House, 416.
Camel, 162.
Camel’s Head, 162.
Canary House, 384.
Cannon Ball, 327.
Canute Castle, 45.
Cap and Stocking, 402.
Cape of Good Hope, 422.
Cardinal’s Hat _or_ Cap, 315.
Case is Altered, 460.
Castle, 130, 417, 487.
Castle and Banner, 488.
Castle and Falcon, 487.
Castle and Wheelbarrow, 488.
Castles in the Air, 488.
Castor and Pollux, 70.
Cat, 197.
Cat and Bagpipes, 438.
Cat and Cage, 198.
Cat and Fiddle, 438.
Cat and Kittens, 177.
Cat and Lion, 198.
Cat and Parrot, 198.
Cat and Wheel, 299.
Caterpillar Hall, 251.
Catherine Wheel, 298, 357.
Cat in the Basket, 198.
Centurion’s Lion, 151.
Chaffcutter’s Arms, 352.
Chained Bull, 182.
Chaise and Pair, 176.
Chapel Bell, 321.
Charing Cross, 416.
Charles the First’s Head, 48.
Charles the Second’s Head, 49.
Charter about signs granted by Charles I., 10.
Chase, 361.
Chelsea Waterworks, 416.
Chequers, 488.
Cherry Garden, 240.
Cherry Tree, 240, 472.
Cheshire Cheese, 383.
Chestnut, 246.
Child-Coat, 407.
Chiltern Hundred, 418.
China Hall, 435.
Church, 321.
Church Gates, 321.
Church Stile, 321.
Cinder Oven, 346.
Circe, 329.
Civet, 162.
Cleaver, 358.
Clog, 410.
Clown, 85.
Coach and Horses, 355, 356.
Coach and Dogs, 357.
Coble, 334.
Cock, 205, 206, 207, 208, 209.
Cock and Anchor, 212.
Cock and Bear, 212.
Cock and Bell, 211.
Cock and Blackbird, 202.
Cock and Bottle, 207, 211.
Cock and Breeches, 212.
Cock and Bull, 212.
Cock and Crown, 212.
Cock and Dolphin, 212.
Cock and House, 212.
Cock and Key, 471.
Cock and Lion, 151.
Cock and Magpie, 382.
Cock and Pie, 382.
Cock and Pynot, 383.
Cock and Trumpet, 211.
Cock and Swan, 212.
Cockatrice, 161.
Cock in Boots, 442.
Cocoa Tree, 248.
Cock on the Hoop, 504.
Cock’s Head, 209.
Coffee-house, 249.
Coffee-pot, 394.
Colt and Cradle, 445.
Complete Angler, 80.
Comus, 70.
Copper Pot, 396.
Corner Pin, 505.
Cottage of Content, 434.
Cotton Breeches, 409.
Cotton-tree, 248.
Coventry Cross, 418.
Cow and Calf, 177.
Cow and Hare, 449.
Cow and Snuffers, 444.
Cow and Two Calves, 177.
Cow in Boots, 442.
Cow Roast, 378.
Cow’s Face, 186.
Crab and Lobster, 381.
Crab-tree, 247.
Cradle, 130, 393.
Cradle and Coffin, 464.
Craven Arms, 59.
Craven Head, 59.
Craven Heifer, 190.
Craven Ox, 188.
Craven Ox Head, 188.
Crawfish, 381.
Crescent and Anchor, 500.
Cricketers, 39.
Cricketers’ Arms, 484.
Cripples’ Inn, 468.
Crispin and Crispian, 281.
Crocodile, 162.
Cromwell, 46.
Cromwell, Oliver, 121.
Crook and Shears, 353.
Crooked Billet, 489.
Cross, 275, 276.
Cross Axes, 346.
Cross Bullets, 327.
Cross Foxes, 142.
Cross Guns, 322.
Cross Hands, 493.
Cross in Hand, 493.
Cross Keys, 131.
Cross Keys and Bible, 131.
Cross Lances, 322.
Cross o’ the Hands, 493.
Cross Pistols, 322.
Cross Scythes, 353.
Cross Swords, 322.
Crow in the Oak, 203.
Crown, 101, 239, 258.
Crown and Anchor, 103.
Crown and Can, 106.
Crown and Column, 103.
Crown and Cushion, 102.
Crown and Dove, 105.
Crown and Fan, 105.
Crown and Glove, 102.
Crown and Halbert, 106.
Crown and Harp, 126.
Crown and Leek, 126.
Crown and Last, 105.
Crown and Mitre, 103.
Crown and Punchbowl, 388.
Crown and Rasp, 105.
Crown and Rolls, 337.
Crown and Sceptre, 103.
Crown and Tower, 103.
Crown and Trumpet, 106.
Crown and Woolpack, 103.
Crown and Woodpecker, 103.
Crowned Q, 476.
Crowned Fan, 412.
Crown of Thorns, 275.
Crown on the Hoop, 504.
Crow’s Nest, 178.
Cumberland, Duke of, 54.
Czar’s Head, 52.
Dagger, 325.
Dairymaid, 353.
Daisy, 238.
Dancing Dogs, 444.
Dancing Goat, 439.
Dandie Dinmont, 81.
Dapple Grey, 171.
Darby and Joan, 79.
David and Harp, 263.
Davy Lamp, 346.
Defiance, 355.
Denmark House, 436, 437.
Devil, 291, 294, 295.
Devil and Bag of Nails, 347.
Devil and St Dunstan, 291, 292, 293.
Devil in a Tub, 460.
Devil’s Head, 295.
Dick Tarleton, 83.
Digby, Captain, 99.
Dirty Dick, 90.
Dr Johnson’s Head, 68.
Doctor Syntax, 81.
Dog, 192.
Dog and Bacon, 378.
Dog and Badger, 197.
Dog and Bear, 196.
Dog and Crock, 444.
Dog and Duck, 196, 197.
Dog and Gun, 197.
Dog and Hedgehog, 162.
Dog and Partridge, 197.
Dog and Pheasant, 197.
Dog and Punchbowl, 388.
Dog in Doublet, 443.
Dog’s Head in the Pot, 443, 444.
Dolphin, 227, 228.
Dolphin & Anchor, 228, 229.
Dolphin and Bell, 165.
Dolphin and Comb, 229.
Dolphin and Crown, 129.
Don Cossack, 99.
Don John, 68.
Don Juan, 68.
Don Saltero, 93, 94.
Donkey Playing on Hurdy Gurdy, 439.
Doublet, 407.
Dove, 219.
Dove and Rainbow, 259.
Dovecote, 219.
Dover Castle, 417.
Dragon, 111, 158.
Drake, 218.
Drake, Admiral, 56.
Dray and Horses, 349.
Drovers’ Arms, 136.
Drover’s Call, 355.
Druid and Oak, 100.
Druid’s Head, 99.
Drum and Trumpet, 323.
Dryden’s Head, 67.
Duck and Mallard, 218.
Duke’s Head, 59.
Dunciad, 67.
Dun Cow, 74.
Durham Heifer, 190.
Durham Ox, 188.
Dust Pan, 397.
Dusty Miller, 348.
Dwarf, 89.
Eagle, 199.
Eagle and Ball, 199.
Eagle and Child, 138.
Eagle and Serpent, 198.
Eagle’s Foot, 139.
Early Christian signs, 3, 4.
East India House, 415.
Edinburgh Castle, 418.
Eight Bells, 478.
Eight Ringers, 478.
Elephant and Castle, 155, 156.
Elephant and Fish, 156.
Elephant and Friar, 156.
Elisha’s Raven, 264.
Elliott, General, 58.
Elm, 246.
Elysium, 73.
England, Scotland, and Ireland, 415.
English Arms, 129.
Essex Arms, 60.
Essex, Earl of, 60.
Essex Head, 60.
Essex Serpent, 80.
Exchange, 415.
Exmouth, Lord, 57.
Experienced Fowler, 361.
Express, 355.
Ewe and Lamb, 177.
Falcon, 219.
Falcon on the Hoop, 220, 504.
Falcon and Horseshoe, 115.
Falstaff, Sir John, 67, 86.
Fan, 412.
Farmer’s Arms, 136, 352.
Father Redcap, 96.
Feathers, 122.
Ferguson, James, 63.
Fiddler’s Arms, 83.
Fifteen Balls, 127.
Fighting Cocks, 210, 252.
Fig-tree, 245.
Filho, 175.
Filho da Puta, 175.
Finish, 511.
Fire-beacon, 117.
First and Last, 436, 464.
Fir-tree, 246.
Fish, 230.
Fish and Anchor, 228.
Fish and Bell, 165, 230.
Fish and Dolphin, 230.
Fish and Eels, 231.
Fish and Kettle, 231.
Fish and Quart, 231.
Fishbone, 231.
Fishing Cat, 439.
Fishing Smack, 334.
Five Bells, 331, 478.
Five Clogs, 410.
Five Cricketers, 484.
Five Inkhorns, 337.
Flaming Sword, 258.
Flank of Beef, 378.
Flask, 387.
Fleece, 58.
Flitch of Dunmow, 420.
Flower de Luce, 128.
Flower Pot, 376.
Flowers of the Forest, 81.
Flying Bull, 73.
Flying Childers, 175.
Flying Dutchman, 175.
Flying Fox, 170.
Flying Horse, 72, 365.
Flying Monkey, 444.
Foaming Quart, 387.
Foaming Tankard, 349.
Folly, 509.
Fool, 339.
Forest Blue Bell, 238.
Fortune, 73.
Foul Anchor, 333.
Fountain, 471, 494, 495.
Fountain and Bear, 496.
Fountain of Juvenca, 461.
(_Four_) 4, 477.
Four Alls, 451, 452.
Four Bells, 478.
Four Coffins, 371.
Fourteen Stars, 500.
Fox, 168, 472.
Fox and Bull, 169.
Fox and Cap, 170.
Fox and Crane, 169.
Fox and Crown, 170, 354.
Fox and Duck, 169.
Fox and Goose, 168.
Fox and Grapes, 169.
Fox and Hen, 169.
Fox and Hounds, 169.
Fox and Knot, 170.
Fox and Lamb, 169.
Fox and Owl, 169.
Fox and Punchbowl, 388.
Fox’s Tail, 170.
French Arms, 128.
French Horn, 339.
French Horn and Half Moon, 339.
French Horn and Queen’s Head, 339.
French Horn and Rose, 339.
French Horn and Violin, 338.
French signs, 8, 11, 16, 17, 28, 35, 36, 37, 41, 279, 280.
Frighted Horse, 175.
Froghall, 232.
Frying Pan, 396.
Full Measure, 349.
Full Moon, 500.
Full Ship, 330.
Galloping Horse, 173.
Gander, 472.
Gaper, 467.
Gaping Goose, 444.
Garden House, 373.
Garrick’s Head, 85.
Garter, 410, 411.
Gelding, 176.
General’s Arms, 136.
Geneva Arms, 130.
Generous Briton, 415.
Gentle Shepherd of Salisbury Plain, 419.
George, 287, 288.
George and Blue Boar, 288.
George and Dragon, 40.
George and Thirteen Cantons, 289.
George and Vulture, 289.
George on the Hoop, 504.
Gibraltar, 61, 422.
Gipsy Queen, 508.
Gipsy Tent, 508.
Globe, 414.
Globe and Compasses, 147.
Glorious Apollo, 69.
Glove, 411.
Goat, 192.
Goat and Kid, 177.
Goat in Armour, 440.
Goat in Boots, 440, 441.
Godfrey, Sir Edmund, 64.
God’s Head, 279.
Golden Angel, 269.
Golden Ball, 482.
Golden Beard, 405.
Golden Bell, 479.
Golden Bottle, 386.
Golden Buck, 165.
Golden Candlestick, 394.
Golden Can, 386.
Golden Cross, 276.
Golden Crotchet, 339.
Golden Cup, 149.
Golden Eagle, 198.
Golden Farmer, 352.
Golden Field Gate, 62.
Golden Fleece, 72.
Golden Frog, 232.
Golden Fryingpan, 396.
Golden Globe, 415.
Golden Griffin, 145.
Golden Head, 490.
Golden Heart, 300, 473.
Golden Jar, 397.
Golden Key, 398.
Golden Key and Bible, 255.
Golden Lion, 146, 201, 327.
Golden Maid, 364.
Golden Measure, 349.
Golden Quoit, 505.
Golden Ring, 412.
Golden Slipper, 409.
Golden Sun, 498.
Golden Tiger, 152.
Golden Tun, 474.
Goliah, or Golias, 262.
Goliah Head, 262.
Good Samaritan, 274.
Good Woman, 454, 455.
Goose and Gridiron, 239, 445.
Goose and Gridiron, 316.
Gospel Oak, 278.
Grafton’s Head, Duke of, 386.
Granby, Marquis of, 55, 58.
Grand A., 476.
Grand B., 476.
Grasshopper, 140.
Grave Maurice, 53.
Gray Ass, 221.
Grazier’s Arms, 352.
Great Mogol, 51.
Great Turk, 429.
Grecian, 429.
Greek Signs, 1.
Green Bellows, 394.
Green Dragon, 111.
Green Lattice, 375.
Green Lettuce, 375.
Green Man, 366, 367, 368, 449.
Green Man and Ball, 483.
Green Man and Still, 148.
Green Monkey, 444.
Green Monster, 507.
Green Pales, 373.
Green Parrot, 222.
Green Posts, 472.
Green Seedling, 246.
Green Tree, 245.
Gresham, Thomas, 63.
Gretna Green, 422.
Grey Goat, 192.
Greyhound, 194.
Grey Mare, 177.
Grey Ox, 188.
Gridiron, 396.
Griffin, 145.
Griffin’s Arms, 136.
Grinding Young, 461.
Grinning Jackanapes, 440.
Grouse and Moorcock, 223.
Grouse and Trout, 223.
Guardian Angel, 269.
Guilded Cup, 387.
Gun, or Cannon, 117.
Guy of Warwick, 74.
Halbert and Crown, 327.
Half Eagle and Key, 130.
Half-Moon, 327, 500.
Half-Moon and Punchbowl, 388.
Half-Moon and Seven Stars, 500.
Hailstone, 502.
Ham, 381.
Ham and Firkin, 381.
Hammer, 347.
Hammer and Crown, 149.
Hand, 492.
Hand and Apple, 239.
Hand and Ball, 492.
Hand and Bible, 299.
Hand and Cork, 471.
Hand and Ear, 492.
Hand and Face, 492.
Hand and Flower, 235.
Hand and Heart, 493.
Hand and Hollybush, 250.
Hand and Pen, 337.
Hand and Scales, 362.
Hand and Shears, 350.
Hand and Slipper, 409.
Hand and Tench, 493.
Hand and Tennis, 493.
Handel’s Head, 83.
Handgun, 326.
Hand in Hand, 493.
Hare, 163.
Hare and Cats, 164.
Hare and Hounds, 163, 164.
Hare and Squirrel, 163.
Hark the Lasher, 361.
Hark to Bounty, 361.
Hark up to Glory, 361.
Hark up to Nudger, 361.
Harlequin, 365.
Harmer, Captain, 99.
Harp, 340, 473.
Harp and Hautboy, 338.
Harrow, 351.
Harrow and Doublet, 407.
Hart on the Hoop, 504.
Harvest Home, 354.
Hat, 399.
Hat and Beaver, 191, 400.
Hat and Feathers, 400.
Hat and Star, 402, 492.
Hat and Tun, 473.
Hautboy and Two Flutes, 338.
Have at It, 209, 210.
Hawk and Buck, 115.
Hawk and Buckle, 115.
Hawthorn, 117.
Haycock, 420.
Haylift, 502.
Heart and Ball, 300, 483.
Heart and Trumpet, 505.
Heart in Bible, 299.
Heart in Hand, 493.
Hearts of Oak, 246.
Hearty Good Fellow, 82.
Heathfield, Lord, 58.
Heaven, 300.
Hedgehog, 162.
Hell, 301.
Helmet, 326.
Help me thro’ this World, 450.
Hen and Chickens, 178.
Hen on the Hoop, 504.
Hercules, 70.
Hercules’ Pillars, 70.
Hereford Castle, 418.
Hero of Switzerland, 100.
Highland Laddie, 421.
Hill, 471.
Hind, 472.
Hippopotamus, 162.
Hit or Miss, 451.
Hob in the Well, 79.
Hobnails, 347.
Hobson’s Inn, 92.
Hog in Armour, 440.
Hog in the Pound, 192.
Hole in the Wall, 502, 503.
Hogarth’s Head, 82.
Holland Arms, 172.
Hollybush, 250.
Homer’s Head, 65.
Honest Lawyer, 456.
Hood and Scarf, 406.
Hoop, 504.
Hoop and Bunch of Grapes, 252, 504.
Hoop and Griffin, 505.
Hoop and Horseshoe, 180.
Hoop and Toy, 505.
Hop and Barleycorn, 244.
Hopbine, 244.
Hope and Anchor, 73, 333.
Hop-pole, 244.
Horace’s Head, 65.
Horn, 340.
Horn and Three Tuns, 339.
Horns, 166, 167, 168, 473.
Horns and Horseshoe, 180.
Horse, 170, 171.
Horse and Chaise, 176.
Horse and Dorsiter, 175.
Horse and Farrier, 175.
Horse and Gate, 176.
Horse and Groom, 173.
Horse’s Head, 176.
Horse and Horseshoe, 180.
Horse and Jockey, 173.
Horse and Stag, 176.
Horse and Tiger, 175.
Horse and Trumpet, 176.
Horseshoe, 178, 179, 180, 327.
Horseshoe and Crown, 181.
Hour-glass, 397.
Hunchbacked Cats, 444.
Huntsman, 361.
Hyde Park, 416.
Ibex, 162.
Illuminated Dust Pan, 397.
Indian Chief, 431, 432.
Indian Handkerchief 405.
Indian King, 51, 431.
Indian Queen, 431, 432.
In Vino Veritas, 144.
Iron Balcony, 375.
Iron Pear-tree, 239.
Ironwork, Signs suspended from ornamental, 7, 8.
Ivy Bush, 233.
Ivy Green, 233.
Jackanapes on Horseback, 439.
Jackass in Boots, 443.
Jack of Both Sides, 468.
Jack of Newbury, 78.
Jack on a Cruise, 332.
Jacob’s Well, 260, 274.
Jamaica, 423.
Jamaica and Madeira, 423.
Jane Shore, 76.
Jenny Lind, 83.
Jersey Castle, 418.
Jerusalem, 434.
Jew’s Harp, 340.
Jim Crow, 81.
Joey Grimaldi, 85.
John Bull, 415.
John of Gaunt, 46.
John of Jerusalem, 274.
John o’ Groat’s, 79.
Jolly Brewer, 450.
Jolly Butchers, 302.
Jolly Crispin, 281.
Jolly Farmer, 352.
Jolly Toper, 466.
Jonson’s Head, 66.
Jovial Dutchman, 425, 426.
Jubilee, 100.
Judge’s Head, 335.
Jug and Glass, 387.
Junction Arms, 136.
Juno, 69.
Kangaroo, 162.
Kettledrum, 322.
Key, 397, 472.
King and Miller, 74.
King Astyages’ Arms, 257.
King Charles in the Oak, 49.
King Crispin. 281.
King David, 262.
King Edgar, 46.
King John, 46.
King of Denmark, 52.
King of Prussia, 54.
King’s Arms, 106.
King’s Head, 305, 306, 307.
Kings and Keys, 302.
King’s Head and Good Woman, 455.
King’s Porter and Dwarf, 89.
Kite’s Nest, 178.
Knowles, Sheridan, 60.
Kouli Khan, 51.
La Belle Sauvage, 482.
Labour in Vain, 460.
Laced Shoe, 409.
Lads of the Village, 105.
Lady of the Lake, 81.
Lamb, 191.
Lamb and Anchor, 300.
Lamb and Breeches, 191.
Lamb and Crown, 191.
Lamb and Flag, 300.
Lamb and Hare, 191.
Lamb and Inkbottle, 229.
Lamb and Lark, 191.
Lamb and Still, 191.
Lambert, Daniel, 88.
Lame Dog, 450.
Lamp, 376.
Land o’ Cakes, 420.
Lass o’ Gowrie, 81.
Last, 349.
Lattice, 374, 375.
Laughing Dog, 444.
Leather Bottle, 386.
Lebeck’s Head, 93.
Lebeck and Chaffcutter, 93.
Leg, 409, 494.
Leg and Star, 494.
Leigh Hoy, 333.
Leopard, 152.
Leopard and Tiger, 152.
Letters, 476.
Lilies of the Valley, 238.
Linskill, Colonel, 99.
Lion, 472.
Lion and Adder, 299.
Lion and Ball, 151.
Lion and Castle, 128.
Lion and Dolphin, 150.
Lion and Goat, 299.
Lion and Horseshoe, 180.
Lion and Lamb, 299.
Lion and Pheasant, 150.
Lion and Snake, 299.
Lion and Swan, 150.
Lion and Tun, 150.
Lion in the Wood, 149.
Little A, 476.
Little Devil, 294.
Little Pig, 192.
Live Vulture, 224.
Live and Let Live, 450.
Llangollen Castle, 418.
Load of Hay, 353.
Load of Mischief, 457.
Lobster, 381.
Loch-na-Gar, 81.
Lock and Key, 398.
Lock and Shears, 403.
Locke’s Head, 63.
Locks of Hair, 403.
Looking-Glass, 392, 393.
London Apprentice, 79.
London Signs, _temp._ James I., 8, 9.
London Signs, _temp._ Charles I., 9, 10.
London Signs after the Fire, 16.
London Signs in 1803, 31, 32.
London Signs in 1865, 42, 43, 44.
London Signs, Roxburghe Ballad upon the, 13.
London Signs taken down, 28, 29.
Lord Anglesey, 64.
Lord Bacon’s Head, 63.
Lord Byron, 68.
Lord Cobham’s Head, 97.
Lord Craven, 59.
Loving Lamb, 444.
Lubber’s Head, 147.
Luck’s All, 451.
Lucrece, 80.
Mad Cat, 196.
Mad Dog, 196.
Maggoty Pie, 221.
Magna Charta, 46.
Magpie, 40, 220.
Magpie and Crown, 220, 221.
Magpie and Horseshoe, 180.
Magpie and Pewter Platter, 221.
Magpie and Punchbowl, 388.
Magpie and Stump, 221.
Maid and the Magpie, 83.
Maidenhead, 141.
Maid’s Head, 142.
Mail, 355.
Malt and Hops, 244.
Manage Horse, 175.
Man in the Wood, 472.
Man Loaded with Mischief, 456.
Man of Ross, 68.
Man in the Moon, 303, 304.
Mare and Foal, 177.
Marlborough’s Head, Duke of, 59.
Marquis of Granby, 55, 58.
Marrowbones and Cleaver, 358.
Martin’s Nest, 178.
Martyr’s Head, 48.
Marygold, 237.
Matrons, 321.
Mattock and Spade, 353.
Maypole, 506.
Mazeppa, 68.
Medieval Signs, 4, 5.
Melancthon’s Head, 97.
Mercury, 70.
Mercury and Fan, 70.
Merlin’s Cave, 77.
Merry Andrew, 368.
Merry Harriers, 194.
Mermaid, 225, 226, 227.
Merry Mouth, 491.
Merry Song, 339.
Merry Tom, 369.
Middleton, Sir Hugh, 63.
Million Gardens, 507.
Millstone, 348.
Milton’s Head, 67.
Minerva, 69.
Miraculous Draught of Fishes, 275.
Mitre, 315, 316, 317, 318, 319.
Mitre and Dove, 319.
Mitre and Keys, 319.
Mitre and Rose, 315, 319.
Mitre on the Hoop, 504.
Mischief, 457.
Mitford Castle, 418.
Minister’s Gown, 407.
Mock-Signs, 12.
Monck’s Head, 59.
Monster, 507.
Moon, 499.
Moonrakers, 105, 463.
Moore, General, 58.
Mortal Man, 40, 464.
Mortar and Pestle, 341.
Moses and Aaron, 260.
Moss-rose, 236.
Mother Huff, 97.
Mother Redcap, 96.
Mother Shipton, 76.
Mount Pleasant, 434.
Mourning Crown, 48, 49.
Mourning Mitre, 49.
Mouth, 491.
Mouth of the Nile, 61.
Mulberry Tree, 240, 241.
Mustard Pot, 383.
Myrtle Tree, 238.
Mystic Number Three, 269, _note_.
Nag’s Head, 176.
Naked Boy, 452, 453.
Naked Boy and Woolpack, 272.
Name of Jesus, 279.
Napier, Sir Charles, 57.
Nell Gwynne, 97.
Nelson and Peal, 166, 478.
Neptune, 70.
Newton, Sir Isaac, 62.
Next Boat by Paul’s, 335.
Nine Elms, 246.
Noah’s Ark, 258.
Nobis Inn, 473.
Noblemen’s Badges, 131, 132, 133, 134, 135, 136.
Nobody, 457, 458.
Noggin, 468.
No Place, 436, 458.
North Pole, 436.
Norwich, City of, 418.
Nowhere, 458.
Number IV., 477.
Numbers _versus_ Signs, 29, 30.
Number Three, 477.
Oak, 246, 474.
Oak and Black Dog, 203.
Oak and Toy, 246.
Oakley Arms, 144.
Oatsheaf, 252.
Old Barge, 334.
Old Careless, 468.
Oldcastle, Sir John, 97.
Old Coach and Six, 355.
Old English Gentleman, 81, 415.
Old Hand and Tankard, 493.
Old Hobson, 92.
Old House at Home, 82.
Old Knave of Clubs, 505.
Old Man, 494.
Old Parr’s Head, 91.
Old Pharaoh, 261.
Old Pick my Toe, 468.
Old Prison, 416.
Old Ring o’ Bells, 478.
Old Roson, 81.
Old Smuggs, 468.
Old Will Somers, 86, 87.
Olive-tree, 242.
One and All, 128.
One Tun, 148.
Orange-tree and Two Jars, 241, 242.
Ormond’s Head, 59.
Orpheus, 72.
Ostrich, 223.
Our Lady, 272.
Our Lady of Pity, 272.
Owl, 223.
Owl’s Nest, 169, 223.
Ox and Compasses, 188.
Oxford Arms, 127.
Ox in Boots, 442.
Oxnoble, 251.
Pack Horse, 175.
Paganini, 83.
Pageant, 50.
Palatine Head, 54.
Palm-tree, 248.
Panting Hart, 263.
Panyer, 348.
Paracelsus, 64.
Paradise, 301.
Parrot, 222.
Parrot and Cage, 222.
Parrot and Punchbowl, 388.
Parson’s Green, 472.
Parting Pot, 349.
Parta Tueri, 144.
Pasqua Rosee, 92.
Patten, 410.
Paltzgrave, 54.
Paul’s Head, 290.
Paul Pry, 86.
Paviors’ Arms, 352.
Peach-tree, 245.
Peacock, 222.
Peacock and Feathers, 223.
Pearl of Venice, 406.
Pear-tree, 239.
Pease and Beans, 251.
Peat Spade, 353.
Peel, 348.
Pelican, 200.
Periwig, 404.
Pestle, 341.
Pestle and Mortar, 472.
Peter’s Finger, 291.
Pewter Platter, 396.
Pewter Pot, 387.
Philpott, Toby, 81.
Phœnix, 199.
Pickled Egg, 383.
Pickwick, 81.
Pie, 382.
Pied Bull, 184.
Pied Calf, 190.
Pied Dog, 194.
Pig and Tinder-box, 156.
Pig and Whistle, 437.
Pigeon, 218.
Pigeon Bow, 219.
Pilgrim, 508.
Pindar of Wakefield, 75.
Pindar, Sir Paul, 98.
Pine Apple, 244.
Pistol and C, 326.
Pitcher and Glass, 387.
Plate, 326.
Plough, 351.
Plough and Ball, 483.
Plough and Harrow, 351.
Plough and Horses, 351.
Poet’s Head, 48, 337.
Pointer, 194.
Pole Star, 501.
Political Sign Pasquinade, 13.
Pontack’s Head, 93.
Pope’s Head, (_the Poet_,) 67.
Pope’s Head, 312, 313, 314.
Popinjay, 222.
Portcullis, 121.
Porter Butt, 349.
Porter and Gentleman, 361.
Porter’s Lodge, 351.
Portobello, 39, 57.
Postboy, 363.
Prince, 428.
Prince Eugene, 53.
Prince Rupert, 54.
Prince of Wales’ Arms, 122.
Prince of Wales’ Feathers, 122.
Puddlers’ Arms, 352.
Pump, 396.
Punchbowl, 388.
Punchbowl and Ladle, 388.
Purcell’s Head, 83.
Purgatory, 301.
Purple Lion, 146.
Puss in Boots, 442.
Q Inn, 476.
Q in the Corner, 476.
Quaker, 508.
Queen Anne, 47.
Queen Catherine, 47.
Queen Charlotte, 40.
Queen Eleanor, 47.
Queen Elizabeth, 47.
Queen Mary, 50.
Queen of Bohemia, 47.
Queen of Hearts and King’s Arms, 505.
Queen of Hungary, 55.
Queen of Saba, 263.
Queen of Trumps, 505.
Queen of the Gipsies, 508.
Queen’s Arms, 107.
Queen’s Arms and Corncutter, 107.
Queen’s Elm, 246.
Queen’s Head, 130, 307, 308, 309, 310, 311, 349, 510.
Queen’s Head and Artichoke, 312.
Queen Victoria, 50.
Quiet Woman, 454.
Racoon, 162.
Raffled Anchor, 333.
Railway, 334.
Rainbow, 502.
Raleigh, Sir Walter, 56.
Ram, 190.
Raven and Bell, 165.
Ram and Teazel, 149.
Ram’s Head, 190.
Ram’s Skin, 190.
Ranged Deer, 165.
Rat and Ferret, 162.
Raven, 201.
Recruiting Sergeant, 322.
Red Ball and Acorn, 483.
Red Bear, 152.
Red Bull, 185.
Red Cat, 197.
Red Cow, 188, 189.
Red Dragon, 111.
Red Horse, 171.
Red Lion, 119, 327.
Red Lion and Key, 472.
Red Lion and Punchbowl, 388.
Red M and Dagger, 325.
Red Poles, 373.
Red Rover, 81.
Red Shield, 504.
Red Streak Tree, 239.
Red, White, and Blue, 332.
Reindeer, 157.
Rembrandt’s Head, 82.
Resurrection, 277, 474.
Rest and be Thankful, 510.
Rhenish Wine House, 384.
Ribs of Beef, 378.
Ring, 412.
Ring and Ball, 484.
Rising Buck, 165.
Rising Deer, 165.
Rising Sun, 118, 499.
Rising Sun and Seven Stars, 499.
Robin Adair, 81.
Robin Hood and Little John, 75.
Robinson Crusoe, 81.
Rob Roy, 81.
Rochester Castle, 418.
Rodney, Admiral, 57.
Rodney and Hood, 57.
Rodney Pillar, 57.
Roebuck, 165, 166.
Rolls, 336.
Roman Signs, 1, 2, 3.
Rope and Anchor, 333.
Rose, 124, 125, 126, 235.
Rose and Ball, 126.
Rose and Crown, 121.
Rose and Key, 126.
Rose and Punchbowl, 388.
Rosebud, 236.
Rose Garland, 236.
Rosemary Branch, 238.
Rose of Normandy, 237.
Ross on Clinker, Captain, 99.
Round of Beef, 378.
Round Table, 79.
Roxellana, 85.
Royal Badges, 108, 109, 110.
Royal Bed, 377.
Royal Champion, 102.
Royal Charles, 330.
Royal Coffee-mill, 394.
Royal Hand and Globe, 312.
Royal Oak, 40, 49.
Royal Standard, 105.
Rummer, 389, 390.
Rummer and Grapes, 239.
Rum Puncheon, 349.
Running Footman, 360.
Running Horse, 173, 327.
Running Man, 361.
Russia House, 425.
Saddle, 357.
St Alban, 297.
St Augustine, 297.
St Clement, 297.
St Christopher, 285.
St Crispin, 281.
St Cuthbert, 296.
St Dominic, 320.
St Edmund’s Head, 296.
St George and the Dragon, 287.
St John the Evangelist, 296.
St Hugh’s Bones, 282, 283.
St Julian, 283.
St Luke, 286.
St Martin, 284.
St Mychel, 296.
St Patrick, 295.
St Peter and St Paul, 291.
St Thomas, 296.
Salamander, 158.
Salmon, 473.
Salmon and Ball, 231, 483.
Salmon and Compasses, 231.
Salt-Horn, 377.
Salutation, 264, 265.
Salutation and Cat, 265, 266.
Samaritan Woman, 274.
Samson, 70, 262.
Samson and the Lion, 262.
Saracen’s Head, 430, 431.
Saucy Ajax, 329.
Saul, 290.
Sawyers, 40.
Scales, 362.
Sceptre, 312.
Sceptre and Heart, 312.
Scotchman’s Pack, 421.
Sedan Chair, 358, 359.
Seneca’s Head, 65.
Setter Dog, 194.
Seven Sisters, 246.
Seven Stars, 500.
Sevilla, City of, 423.
Shakespeare’s Head, 66, 335.
Shamrock, 127.
Shears, 350.
Sheep and Anchor, 330.
Shepherd and Crook, 353.
Shepherd and Dog, 353.
Shepherd and Shepherdess, 352.
Sheridan Knowles, 69.
Sheet Anchor, 333.
Ship, 328, 329, 471.
Ship and Anchor, 330.
Ship and Bell, 331.
Ship and Blue Coat Boy, 331.
Ship and Castle, 331.
Ship and Fox, 331.
Ship and Notchblock, 331.
Ship and Pilot-boat, 330.
Ship and Plough, 331.
Ship and Punchbowl, 388.
Ship and Rainbow, 331.
Ship and Shovel, 331.
Ship and Star, 331.
Ship and Whale, 330.
Ship at Anchor, 330.
Ship Friends, 331.
Ship in Full Sail, 330.
Ship in Distress, 330.
Ship in Dock, 330.
Ship on Launch, 330.
Shirt, 451.
Shoe and Slap, 409.
Shoulder of Mutton and Cat, 378.
Shoulder of Mutton and Cucumbers, 378.
Shovel and Sieve, 347.
Sieve, 395.
Silver Lion, 119.
Simon the Tanner, 286.
Signboard Ballads, Modern, 32, 33.
Signboard, Heraldic, Enormities, 35.
Signboard Poetry, 17, 18.
Sign-Painters, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41.
Signs, bad spelling on, 27.
Signs _temp._ George II., 22, 23, 24, 25.
Signs _temp._ Queen Anne, 18, 19, 20, 21.
Signs during the Commonwealth, 11.
Signs, exhibition of, 28.
Signs, extravagance in, 26.
Signs, family names derived from, 42.
Signs, jocular alteration of the names of, 22.
Signs, London localities named after, 41.
Signs of the zodiac, 501.
Signs of the stews, 8.
Signs, quarterings of, 21, 22.
Silent Woman, 454.
Sir Charles Napier, 57.
Sir Edmundbury Godfrey, 64.
Sir Frances Burdett, 63.
Sir Hugh Middleton, 63.
Sir Isaac Newton, 62.
Sir John Falstaff, 67, 86.
Sir John Barleycorn, 79.
Sir John Oldcastle, 97.
Sir Paul Pindar, 98.
Sir Ralph Abercrombie, 58.
Sir Roger de Coverley, 80.
Sir Walter Raleigh, 56.
Six Bells, 478.
Six Cans, 388.
Six Cans and Punchbowl, 388.
Sloop, 333.
Slow and Easy, 468.
Smith and Smithy, 346.
Smyrna, 429.
Snowdrop, 238.
Snow-shoes, 327.
Soldier and Citizen, 264.
Sol’s Arms, 149.
South Sea Arms, 149.
Sow and Pigs, 177.
Spade and Becket, 353.
Spanish Galleon, 100.
Spanish Lady, 405.
Spanish Patriot, 100.
Sparrow’s Nest, 177.
Speaker’s Frigate, 330.
Spiller’s Head, 84.
Spinning Sow, 438.
Spinning Wheel, 362.
Spite Hall, 468.
Spread Eagle, 139.
Spur, 357.
Squirrel, 163.
Staffordshire Knot, 128.
Stag, 164.
Stag and Castle, 165.
Stag and Oak, 165.
Stag and Pheasant, 165.
Stag and Thorn, 165.
Standard, 322.
Star, 501.
Star and Crown, 501.
Star and Garter, 410.
Stave Porter, 361.
Still, 349.
Stock Dove, 219.
Stocking, 409.
Stork, 203.
String of Horses, 355.
Struggler, 450.
Struggling Man, 450.
Sugarloaf, 394.
Sugarloaf and Three Coffins, 371.
Sultan Morat, 51.
Sultan Soliman, 51.
Sun, 272, 381, 496, 497, 498.
Sun and Anchor, 499.
Sun and Dial, 499.
Sun and Falcon, 499.
Sun and Horseshoe, 180, 499.
Sun and Last, 499.
Sun and Moor’s Head, 471.
Sun and Red Cross, 471.
Sun and Sawyers, 499.
Sun and Sportsman, 499.
Sun and Whalebone, 231.
Sun in Splendour, 498.
Sun, Moon, and Seven Stars, 500.
Swan, 212, 213, 214, 215, 327, 379.
Swan and Bottle, 217.
Swan and Falcon, 118.
Swan and Harp, 445.
Swan and Helmet, 218.
Swan and Hoop, 217.
Swan and Maidenhead, 118.
Swan and Rummer, 217.
Swan and Rushes, 218.
Swan and Salmon, 217.
Swan and Soldier, 394, _note_.
Swan and Sugarloaf, 217.
Swan and White Hart, 118.
Swan on the Hoop, 504.
Swan with Two Necks, 216, 217.
Sweet Apple, 391.
Swiss Cottage, 489.
Sword and Ball, 312.
Sword and Buckler, 323, 324.
Sword and Cross, 324.
Sword and Dagger, 324.
Sword and Mace, 312.
Sword Blade, 324.
Sycamore, 246.
Syntax, Doctor, 81.
Tabard, 407.
Tabor, 83.
Talbot, 195, 408.
Tallow-chandler, 362.
Tally-Ho, 355.
Tam o’ Shanter, 81.
Tankard, 390.
Tarlton, General, 58.
Telegraph, 355.
Temple, 416.
Ten Bells, 478.
Thirteen Cantons, 289.
Thistle and Crown, 126.
Thomas Gresham, 63.
Thorn, 165.
Three Admirals, 332.
Three Angels, 269.
Three Arrows, 130.
Three Bad Ones, 457.
Three Balls, 128, 395.
Three Blackbirds, 203.
Three Bibles, 254.
Three Bibles and Three Ink bottles, 254.
Three Blue Balls, 483.
Three Brushes, 322.
Three Candlesticks, 394.
Three Chairs, 358.
Three Cocks, 209.
Three Coffins and Sugarloaf, 218.
Three Colts, 178.
Three Compasses, 146.
Three Conies, 162, 472.
Three Cranes, 204.
Three Crickets, 393.
Three Crosses, 277.
Three Crowned Needles, 350.
Three Crowns, 99, 102.
Three Crowns and Sugarloaf, 218.
Three Crows, 203.
Three Cups, 149.
Three Death’s-Heads, 371.
Three Elms, 246.
Three Fishes, 230, 472.
Three Flower de Luces, 129.
Three Forges, 346.
Three Frogs, 129.
Three Funnels, 395.
Three Geese, 472.
Three Goats’ Heads, 147.
Three Hats, 402.
Three Hats and Nag’s Head, 403.
Three Herrings, 230.
Three Horseshoes, 180.
Three Johns, 63.
Three Jolly Butchers, 358.
Three Jolly Sailors, 332.
Three Kings, 301, 302, 432.
Three Legs, 127.
Three Legs and Bible, 127.
Three Leopard’s Heads, 147.
Three Loggerheads, 30, 458, 459.
Three Mariners, 331.
Three Merry Devils, 432.
Three Morris-dancers, 364, 365.
Three Mumpers, 371.
Three Neats’ Tongues, 381.
Three Nuns, 320.
Three Old Castles, 487.
Three Pheasants and Sceptre, 150.
Three Pigeons, 218, 219, 473.
Three Pots, 389.
Three Radishes, 251.
Three Ravens, 202.
Three Roses, 236.
Three Spanish Ladies, 424.
Three Spies, 261.
Three Squirrels, 163.
Three Stags, 119.
Three Sugarloaves, 395.
Three Swans & Peal, 166, 478.
Three Tuns, 58, 148.
Three Turks, 428.
Three Washerwomen, 364.
Three Widows, 321.
Throstle’s Nest, 177.
Thunderstorm, 502.
Ticket Porter, 361.
Tiger, 152.
Tiger’s Head, 134.
Tiltboat, 334.
Tinker’s Budget, 369.
Tippling Philosopher, 466.
Tobacco Plant, 252.
Tobacco Roll & Sugarloaf, 218.
Tobacco Rolls, 252.
Toby Philpott, 81.
Tom of Bedlam, 369, 370.
Tom Sayers, 88.
Topham, 88.
Tower of London, 416.
Toy, 505.
Trafalgar, 61.
Trap, 361.
Traveller’s Rest, 510.
Trinity, 277.
Triumph, 50.
Triumphal Car, 327.
True Briton, 415.
True Lover’s Knot, 509.
Trumpeter, 323.
Trunk, 394.
Tub, 397.
Tulip, 238.
Tulloch Gorum, 81.
Tully’s Head, 65.
Tumble Down Dick, 464, 465.
Tumbling Sailors, 468.
Tun, 474.
Tun and Arrows, 471.
Turk’s Head, 426, 427, 428.
Turk and Slave, 429.
Two Black Boys, 433.
Two Blue Flowerpots, 377.
Two Brewers, 349.
Two Chances, 451.
Two Chairmen, 358.
Two Cocks, 471.
Two Crowns & Cushions, 102.
Two Draymen, 349.
Two Dutchmen, 425.
Two Fans, 412.
Two Flowerpots and Sundial, 377.
Two Golden Balls, 483.
Two Heads, 490.
Two Jolly Brewers, 349.
Two Pots, 389.
Two Sawyers, 346.
Two Smiths, 347.
Two Sneezing Cats, 444.
Two Spies, 261.
Two Storks, 204.
Two Twins, 501.
Two White Balls, 483.
Umbrella, 412.
Umbrella Hospital, 413.
Uncle Tom, 81.
Under the Rose, 236, 237.
Union, 100.
Unicorn, 159, 160.
Unicorn and Bible, 159.
Union Arms, 136.
Union Flag and Punchbowl, 388.
Up and Down Post, 363.
Valentine and Orson, 76.
Van Dyke’s Head, 82.
Venice, 425.
Vernon, Admiral, 57.
Vine, 243, 244.
Violin, Hautboy, and German Flute, 338.
Virgil’s Head, 65.
Virgin, 272.
Virginian, 431.
Vulcan, 70.
Wallace’s Arms, 45.
Walmer Castle, 417.
Walnut-tree, 240.
Water Tankard, 391.
Waving Flag, 322.
Weary Traveller, 510.
Welch Head, 98.
Well and Bucket, 374.
Well with Two Buckets, 374.
Wentworth Arms, 144.
Wheatsheaf, 251.
Wheatsheaf and Sugarloaf, 218.
Wheel, 367.
Wheel of Fortune, 506.
Whip, 357.
Whip and Egg, 357.
White Bait, 231.
White Bear, 93, 154, 155, 296, 416.
White Boar, 116.
White Dragon, 111.
White Greyhound, 194.
White Hart, 112, 487.
White Hart and Fountain, 263.
White Horse, 171, 172, 296, 327.
White Lion, 119.
White Peruke, 404.
Whitley Grenadier, 419.
Whittington and his Cat, 78.
Who’d ha’ Thought it? 450.
Widow’s Struggle, 450.
Wild Bull, 182.
Wild Dayrell, 175.
Wild Man, 367.
Wild Sea, 502.
Wilkes’ Head, 63.
William and Mary, 50.
Willow Tree, 247.
Wiltshire Shepherd, 419.
Windmill, 348.
Wolf and Lamb, 299.
Wolfe, General, 58.
Wolsey, Cardinal, 63.
Woodbine, 238.
Wooden Shoe, 410.
Woodman, 355.
Woolsack, 362.
World’s End, 436, 461, 462.
World Turned Upside Down, 462.
Wounded Heart, 300.
Wrestlers, 484.
Y, 476.
Yellow Lion, 150.
Yew Tree, 248, 475.
Yorick’s Head, 68.
York, city of, 416, 417.
York Minster, 417.
Yorkshire Grey, 58, 171.
Yorkshire Stingo, 384.
Young Devil, 294.
Young Man, 494.
Z, 477.
Transcriber’s Notes
The text of the original publication, including inconsistencies in
spelling, hyphenation, formatting, etc. has been retained, except as
mentioned below. Names and publications that were spelled differently in
various places have not been standardised. The sorting of the index has
not been changed.
Depending on the hard- and software used and their settings, not all
characters and symbols may display as intended.
Phrases such as “this century,” “last century,” “the present day,”
“modern,” etc. should be read with 1866 (the year of publication of the
first impression) as the reference point.
Remarks on the text
Not all quotations presented in this book are verbatim quotations.
Wouwverman and Wouverman probably refer to Wouwerman.
Footnote [35]: The Three Balls of the Pawnbrokers are explained under
Heraldic and Emblematic Signs, not under Miscellaneous Signs.
Page 103: Rivingtons the publishers: possibly an error for Rivington the
publisher.
Page 134, Sussen: possibly an error for Sussex.
Page 336, reference to the Good Lawyer: presumably this is a reference
to the HONEST LAWYER.
Page 514, Hogarty: possibly error for Hagarty (as announced on page
512).
Footnote [677]: page 297 is in the chapter Saints, Martyrs, etc., not in
the chapter Legendary and Biblical Signs. The page reference is correct.
Changes made to the text
Footnotes have been moved to the end of the chapter.
Obvious punctuation errors have been corrected silently; missing quote
marks have been added only when it was clear where they should be added
(therefore not all quote marks close properly).
_i. e._ has been standardised to _i.e._.
Where necessary, a space has been inserted before abbreviated Dutch
words (’t, ’n, ’s etc.). Other corrections in quotations have been
verified with outside sources (if possible the ones referred to in this
work) or with the translation given; such corrections were only made
when the printed text contained obvious errors.
Second Plate I. has been renumbered to Plate II.
Page 70: che changed to the
Page 77: footnote anchor [96] inserted after funera concors
Page 83: twelve player changed to twelve players
Page 109: Admyralyte changed to Admyraltye
Page 117: y_{e} sign changed to y^{e} sign
Page 122: as in merken kan changed to as ik merken kan
Page 125: dwellig changed to dwelling
Page 132: Compleat Ambssador changed to Compleat Ambassador
Page 175: me tyzer changed to met yzer
Footnote 265: bo ke changed to booke
Footnote 276: dithy rambics changed to dithyrambics
Page 201: anyrate changed to any rate
Page 209: latterry changed to latterly
Page 231: Comèdie changed to Comédie
Page 251: Alseen changed to Als een
Page 259: footnote anchor [373] added after extravagances
Page 263: Alyso changed to Also
Page 270: y Angel and Crown changed to y^{e} Angel and Crown
Page 282: min de minsch int beeste villen changed to men de mensch uit
beestevellen; gilt changed to gelt; bestillen changed to bestellen; zeep
changed to zelf
Page 299: Flechnoe changed to Flecknoe
Page 305: ... the particular trade ... changed to ... of the particular
trade ...
Page 346: dipsetic changed to dyspeptic
Page 353: Troost for Zuigelingen changed to Troost voor Zuigelingen
Page 354: that edel kruyt changed to dat edel kruyt; Teckere changed to
Leckere; beginnez changed to beginnen; Zoekje changed to Zoek je
Page 372: Tallemant des Reaux changed to Tallement des Réaux as
elsewhere; Rucholt changed to Ruckholt
Page 381: eighteeenth changed to eighteenth
Page 390: maarkomt in changed to maar komt in
Page 403: Our ’t hoofd changed to Om ’t hoofd; Voer der staten kroon
changed to Voor der staten kroon
Page 404: three-house wifely changed to three house-wifely
Page 442: gelaars de haan en gelaar de haan changed to gelaarsde haan;
drees changed to dees
Page 443: In den gelaars den changed to In den gelaarsden
Page 446: Van daag voor geld, morg in voor niet changed to Vandaag voor
geld, morgen voor niet
Page 450: Dus na ben in changed to Dus na ben ik
Page 453: garing changed to garish
Footnote [667]: Geldorland changed to Gelderland
Page 477: Hetzner changed to Hentzner
Page 488: ckeker of the Hope changed to cheker of the Hope
Page 529: 588 changed to 388
Page 535: page number 147 added after Three Leopard’s Heads.