Soissons, convent at, 147
Sonnenburg, convent at, 422 ff.
Sophie, abbess at Eichstätt, 421
Sophie, abbess at Gandersheim, 151, 152
Sophie, abbess at Kizzingen, 273
Sophie, abbess (at Mainz?), 152 footnote
Sophie von Mansfeld, nun at Helfta, 329
Sopwell, convent at, 206, 357, 409, 410
Southminstre, convent at, 87
‘Spiritual Convent or Ghostly Abbey,’ 339, 377, 411
Stanford, convent at, 206
Stendal, convent at, 420
Strasburg, convent of St Mary Magdalen, 428, of St Stephan, 428
Stratford, convent of St Leonard at, 212, 358, 363
Streanshalch, _see_ Whitby
sub-prioress, office of, 370
succentrix, _see_ leader of the choir
Suitha, abbess, 134
Superba, 211
Sura, St, or Soteris or Zuwarda, 29
Swine, convent at, 207 footnote, 378, 453
Tart, convent at, 191
Tecla, correspondent of Boniface, 135, 138, 139
Tecla, nun at Barking, 113
Tecla, nun at Bronope, 419
Teclechildis, _see_ Theodohild
Tetbury, convent at, 117
Tetta, abbess at Herford, 147
Tetta, abbess at Wimbourne, 117, 135, 136
Thanet, convent at, or Minstre, 85, 86, 87, 120
thesaurissa, _see_ treasurer
Theodohild, St, or Teclechildis, of Jouarre, 76
Theofanu, abbess at Essen, 152 footnote, 232
Theorigitha, _see_ Torctgith
Thetford, convent at, 379, 402
Thomas Beket, his connection with nuns, 201, 212
Thomas de Hales, poem for nuns, 309 ff.
Tibba or Tilba, 107, 108, 110
Tinmouth, convent at, 82 footnote
Torctgith, St, or Theorigitha, 112
Tours, convent at, 51, 58, 69-70
treasurer or thesaurissa, 368, 378
Trebnitz, convent at, 292, 293, 294, 295
Trentham, convent at, 100
Tritheim, his connection with nuns, 428
tutrix, office of, 379
Uncumber, 38 footnote, _see_ Ontkommer
Urspring, convent at, 421
Ursula, St, 21, 25, 34, 40, 283, 284
Ursula Cantor, 429
Verbetta, St, 40
Verena, St, of Zurzach, 23, 24, 26, 31-32
Verena, St, 283
Verena von Stuben, abbess at Sonnenburg, 423 ff.
Villbetta, St, 40
Villich, convent at, 152
Wadstena, convent at, 384 ff.
Wala, abbess, 130
Walburg, St, or Waltpurgis, 11 footnote, 25, 26, 27, 139
Walpurg Pirckheimer, nun, 460
Walter Map, on monks and nuns, 200, 202
Waltpurgis, _see_ Walburg
Warbeth, 40
Watton, convent at, 91, 218-219, 220
Weedon, convent at, 100
Wende, convent at, 236
Wenlock, convent at, 86, 121
Wennigsen, convent at, 417
Werburg, St, 100
Werder, convent at, 417
Wessobrunn, nuns at, 236
Wethburg, abbess, 124, 126, 127, 132
Wherwell, convent at, 212, 455
Whitby or Streanshalch, convent at, 88-95, 103, 105, 106, 124, 202
Wibrandis, St, 40
Wienhausen, convent at, 235, 417
Wihtburg, St, 96
Wilbeth, 40
Wilcoma, abbess at Chelles, 86
Wilfrith, his connection with abbesses, 95 ff., 225
Wilgefortis, St, 35, _see_ Ontkommer
Wilibald Pirckheimer, his connection with nuns, 461 ff.
Wilnotha, abbess at Liming, 87
Wilton, convent at, or Ellandune, 203, 369, 438, 441
Wimbourne, convent at, 116, 117, 134, 202
Wimpheling, on nunneries, 429
Winchester, convent of St Mary at, or Nunnaminster, 184, 203, 210, 211,
366, 376, 380, 448, 454, 455
Windesheim, congregation of, 417 ff.
Winifred, St, 30
Winteney, convent at, 359
Wittewierum, convent at, 237
Wolfsindis, 29
Woodchester, convent at, 202 footnote
Wroxhall, convent at, 229, 363
Wykes, convent at, 437
York, convent of St Clement’s at, 206
Zuwarda, _see_ Sura
CAMBRIDGE: PRINTED BY J. & C. F. CLAY, AT THE UNIVERSITY PRESS.
FOOTNOTES:
[1] The literature on this subject is daily accumulating. Among older
authorities are Bachofen, _Das Mutterrecht_, 1861; Zmigrodski, _Die Mutter
bei den Völkern des arischen Stammes_, 1886; Pearson, K., _Ethic of Free
Thought_, 1888.
[2] Kriegk, G. L., _Deutsches Bürgerthum im Mittelalter_, 1868, ch. 12-15.
[3] Gregorius Tur., _Hist. Eccles._ 5, ch. 14, 16, 19.
[4] Grimm, J., _Deutsche Mythologie_, 1875, p. 78.
[5] Ibid. p. 881 ff.
[6] Wuttke, _Deutscher Volksaberglaube_, 1869, p. 141; Weinhold, K.,
_Deutsche Frauen_, 1882, vol. 1, p. 73.
[7] Rochholz, E. L., _Drei Gaugöttinnen_, 1870, p. 191.
[8] Menzel, _Christliche Symbolik_, 1854, article ‘Haar.’
[9] _A. SS. Boll._, St Gunthildis, Sept. 12.
[10] Bouquet, _Recueil Hist._, vol. 5, p. 690. Capitulare incerti anni, nr
6, ‘ut mulieres ad altare non ingrediantur.’
[11] Montalembert, _Monks of the West_, 1, p. 359.
[12] Jameson, _Legends of the Madonna_, 1857, Introd. xix.
[13] Rhys, J., _Lectures on the origin and growth of religion as
illustrated by Celtic Heathendom_, 1888, p. 102.
[14] Frantz, C., _Versuch einer Geschichte des Marien und Annencultus_,
1854, p. 54 ff.
[15] Froissart, _Chronicle_, c. 162, in English translation; also Oberle,
K. A., _Ueberreste germ. Heidentums im Christentum_, 1883, p. 153.
[16] Menzel, _Christ. Symbolik_, 1854, article ‘Baum.’
[17] Oberle, K. A., _Ueberreste germ. Heidentums im Christentum_, 1883, p.
144.
[18] Menzel, _Christl. Symbolik_, 1854, article ‘Himmelfahrt.’
[19] Ibid., article ‘Frauenberg’; also Oberle, K. A., _Ueberreste germ.
Heidentums im Christentum_, 1883, p. 38.
[20] Rochholz, _Drei Gaugöttinnen_, 1870, p. 81, calls it Walburg;
Reinsberg-Düringsfeld, _Traditions et légendes de la Belgique_, 1870, p.
286, calls it Fro or Frigg.
[21] Simrock, K., _Handbuch der deutschen Mythologie_, 1887, p. 379; also
Grimm, J., _Deutsche Mythologie_, 1875, p. 257.
[22] Comp. below, p. 35.
[23] Bede, _Ecclesiastical History_, 1, ch. 30.
[24] On English calendars, Piper, F., _Kalendarien und Martyrologien der
Angelsachsen_, 1862; Stanton, R., _Menology of England and Wales_, 1887.
[25] Stadler und Heim, _Vollständiges Heiligenlexicon_, 1858-62, vol. 2,
Einleitung.
[26] For France, Guettée, _Histoire de l’Église de France_, 1847-55, vol.
1, p. 1; for England, Bright, W., _Early English Church History_, 1878,
pp. 1 ff.; for Germany, Friedrich, _Kirchengeschichte_, 1867, vol. 1, pp.
86 ff.
[27] Ducange, _Glossarium_: ‘coenobium.’
[28] Dupuy, A., _Histoire de S. Martin_, 1852, p. 176.
[29] Gildas, _Epistle_, c. 66.
[30] In Ireland we hear of nunneries founded by St Bridget in the fifth
century, the chief of which was at Kildare; also that this saint crossed
the Irish Sea and founded nunneries at Glastonbury in England and at
Abernethy in Scotland. The accounts of the work of Bridget are numerous,
but have not been subjected to criticism. Comp. _A. SS. Boll._, St
Brigida, Feb. 1, and Lanigan, _Eccles. History of Ireland_, 1829, 1, pp.
377 ff.
[31] Ambrosius, _Opera_ (edit. Migne, _Patrol. Cursus Comp._ vol. 16), _De
virginibus_, p. 187; (vol. 17) _Ad virginem devotam_, p. 579.
[32] Hilarius, _Opera_ (edit. Migne, vol. 10), _Ad Abram_, p. 547.
[33] Blunt, J. J., _Vestiges of Ancient Manners in Italy and Sicily_,
1823, pp. 56 ff.
[34] Menzel, W., _Christl. Symbolik_, 1854, article ‘Brust,’ makes this
statement. I do not see where he takes it from.
[35] _A. SS. Boll._, St Agatha, Feb. 5.
[36] _A. SS. Boll._, St Agnes, Jan. 21; St Rosalia, Sept. 4.
[37] _A. SS. Boll._, St Cunera, June 12.
[38] Kist, N. C., in _Kerkhistorisch Archiv_, Amsterdam, 1858, vol. 2, p.
20.
[39] _Vita St Meinwerci_, bishop of Paderborn (1009-39), written about
1155 (Potthast), c. 37.
[40] Hautcœur, _Actes de Ste Pharailde_, 1882, Introduction, p. xc.
[41] _A. SS. Boll._, Gloria posthuma St Bavonis, Oct. 1, p. 261.
[42] Wauters, A., _Histoire des environs de Bruxelles_, 1852, vol. 3, pp.
111, 123 ff.
[43] _A. SS. Boll._, Vita St Leodgarii, Oct. 2.
[44] Roth, K. L., ‘St Odilienberg’ in _Alsatia_, 1856, pp. 91 ff.
[45] Bonnell, H. E., _Anfänge des karolingischen Hauses_, 1866, pp. 51,
149 etc. It is noticeable that another woman-saint Ida (_A. SS. Boll._, St
Ida, June 20) figures as ancestral mother of the Liudolfings, who became
kings in Saxony and emperors of Germany, comp. Waitz, _Jahrbücher des
deutschen Reichs unter Heinrich I._ 1863, Nachtrag I.
[46] Grimm, J., _Deutsche Mythologie_, 1875, p. 207.
[47] Stadler und Heim, _Vollständiges Heiligenlexicon_, 1858-82.
[48] _Lebensgeschichte der heil. Othilia._ Freiburg, 1852.
[49] _Alsatia_, 1858-60, p. 268, contains local stories.
[50] Roth, K. L., ‘St Odilienberg’ in _Alsatia_, 1856, p. 95.
[51] Menzel, _Christliche Symbolik_, article ‘Knieen.’
[52] Du Bois de Beauchesne, _Madame Ste Notburg_, 1888, pp. 85, 197 etc.
Stadler und Heim, _Vollständiges Heiligenlexicon_, and _A. SS. Boll._ so
far, omit her.
[53] Lefebure, F. A., _Ste Godeleine et son culte_, 1888. _A. SS. Boll._,
St Godelewa, July 6.
[54] _Wonderlyk Leven._ Cortryk 1800, anon., pp. 42, 45 etc.
[55] Comp. below, ch. 4, § 2.
[56] Rochholz, L., _Drei Gaugöttinnen_, 1870, pp. 26, 80 etc.
[57] Simrock, K., _Handbuch der deutschen Mythologie_, p. 389.
[58] Clouet, _Histoire de Verdun_, p. 180; _A. SS. Boll._, St Lucie, Sept.
9.
[59] _A. SS. Boll._, St Germana, Oct. 1; Husenbeth, F. C., _Emblems of the
Saints_, 1882.
[60] Rochholz, L., _Drei Gaugöttinnen_, p. 164.
[61] Zacher, J., _St Genovefa Pfalzgräfin_, 1860, p. 55.
[62] Menzel, _Christliche Symbolik_, article ‘Aehre,’ refers to _Notre
Dame de trois épis_ in Elsass.
[63] Stadler und Heim, _Vollständiges Heiligenlexicon_, St Nothburga, nr
2.
[64] Wauters, A., _Histoire des environs de Bruxelles_, 1, p. 302;
Corémans, _L’année de l’ancienne Belgique_, 1844, p. 76.
[65] _A. SS. Boll._, St Alena, June 19; Menzel, W., _Christliche
Symbolik_, 1854, article ‘Arm.’ Corémans, _L’année de l’ancienne
Belgique_, 1844, June 19.
[66] Corémans, _L’année etc._, p. 77.
[67] Reinsberg-Düringsfeld, _Traditions et légendes de la Belgique_, 1870,
vol. 1, p. 99.
[68] _A. SS. Boll._, St Gunthildis, Sept. 22.
[69] _Imagines SS. Augustanorum_, 1601; also Stadler and Heim,
_Vollständiges Heiligenlexicon_, St Radegundis, nr 3.
[70] Pharaildis has been depicted with one, _A. SS. Boll._, St Pharaildis,
Jan. 4; also Verena, comp. below.
[71] Husenbeth, F. C., _Emblems of the Saints_, 1870, mentions one
instance.
[72] Rochholz, _Drei Gaugöttinnen_, 1870, p. 7.
[73] Stadler und Heim, _Vollständiges Heiligenlexicon_; _A. SS. Boll._, St
Rolendis, May 13.
[74] _A. SS. Boll._, St Edigna, Feb. 26.
[75] _A. SS. Boll._, St Christiane, July 26.
[76] Rochholz, L., _Drei Gaugöttinnen_, p. 37.
[77] Stadler und Heim, _Vollständiges Heiligenlexicon_, 1858-82, St
Radegundis, nr 3.
[78] Ibid., Appendix, p. 998, footnote.
[79] Stadler und Heim, _Vollständiges Heiligenlexicon_, 1858, St Regina,
nr 4.
[80] Kist, N. C., ‘Reenensche Kuneralegende’ in _Kerkhistorisch Archiv_,
Amsterdam, 1858, vol. 2, p. 5.
[81] Stadler und Heim, _Vollständiges Heiligenlexicon_, 1858, St Sura.
[82] _A. SS. Boll._, St Germana, Oct. 1.
[83] Panzer, F., _Beitrag zur deutschen Mythologie_, 1848, pp. 5 ff., 272
ff.
[84] Capgrave, _Catalogus SS. Angliae_, 1516.
[85] Stanton, R., _Menology of England and Wales_, 1887.
[86] Capgrave, _Catalogus SS. Angliae_, 1516. Comp. Surius, _Vitae SS._
1617.
[87] Hautcœur, _Actes de Ste Pharailde_, 1882, Introd. cxxviiii.
[88] Reinsberg-Düringsfeld, _Traditions et légendes de la Belgique_, 1870,
vol. 1, p. 288.
[89] Lefebure, _Ste Godeleine et son culte_, p. 209.
[90] Wauters, A., _Histoire des environs de Bruxelles_, 1852, vol. 1, p.
304.
[91] Rochholz, _Drei Gaugöttinnen_, 1870, p. 154.
[92] Potthast, _Wegweiser durch die Geschichtszwerke des europ.
Mittelalters_, 1862; Rochholz, _loc. cit._, p. 108, prints an early poetic
version of the story in the vernacular.
[93] Simrock, K., _Handbuch der deutschen Mythologie_, 1887, p. 393.
[94] Grimm, J., _Deutsche Mythologie_, 1875, p. 254, footnote.
[95] Corémans, _L’année de l’ancienne Belgique_, pp. 61, 113, 158.
[96] Grimm, J., _Deutsche Mythologie_, 1875, p. 252.
[97] Corémans, _L’année de l’ancienne Belgique_, p. 76; Stadler und Heim,
_Vollständiges Heiligenlexicon_, and the _A. SS. Boll._ pass her over.
[98] Wessely, J. G., _Iconographie Gottes und der Heiligen_, 1874.
[99] _A. SS. Boll._, St Afra, Aug. 5.
[100] Grimm, J., _Deutsche Mythologie_, 1875, p. 242.
[101] Velserus, _Antiqua monumenta, Chronica der Stadt Augsp._ 1595; pp.
4, 14, 17, 32, 88.
[102] Rettberg, F. W., _Kirchengeschichte_, 1846, vol. 1, p. 147.
[103] Friedrich, _Kirchengeschichte_, 1867, vol. 1, p. 413.
[104] Stadler und Heim, _Vollständiges Heiligenlexicon_, 1858, St Notburg,
nr 1. _A. SS. Boll._, St Notburga, Jan. 26.
[105] Stadler und Heim, _Vollständiges Heiligenlexicon_, 1858, Appendix,
St Achachildis.
[106] Birlinger, A., _Schwäbische Sagen_, vol. 2, p. 341.
[107] Stadler und Heim, _Vollständiges Heiligenlexicon_, 1858, St
Radegundis, nr 3.
[108] Grimm, J., _Deutsche Mythologie_, 1875, p. 896.
[109] Stadler und Heim, _Vollständiges Heiligenlexicon_, 1858, St
Kumernissa.
[110] _A. SS. Boll._, St Liberata, July 20.
[111] Sloet, _De heilige Ontkommer of Wilgeforthis_, 1884.
[112] I cannot account for the presence of the beard; St Paula, venerated
at Avila in Spain, is also represented with one (Stadler und Heim).
Macrobius (_Sal._ bk 3, c. 8) tells us that the Venus Barbata was
represented in Cyprus in the form of a man with a beard and wearing female
clothing, which shows that goddesses of this type were venerated during
heathen times.
[113] Grimm, J., _Deutsche Mythol._ 1875, p. 896.
[114] Sloet, _De heilige Ontkommer of Wilgeforthis_, 1884, p. 36.
[115] Menzel, W., _Christl. Symbolik_, 1854, article ‘Bart.’
[116] Sloet, _De heilige Ontkommer of Wilgeforthis_, 1884, pp. 31, 33, 36,
42 etc.
[117] Ibid. p. 32.
[118] Stadler und Heim, _Vollständiges Heiligenlexicon_, 1858, St
Liberata, footnote, p. 807.
[119] Sloet, _De heilige Ontkommer of Wilgeforthis_, 1884, pp. 5, 50 etc.
Ellis, H., _Original Letters_, series III, vol. 3, p. 194, quotes the
following sentence from Michael Woddes, _Dialogues_, 1554: ‘... if a wife
were weary of her husband she offered Otes at Poules (St Paul’s) at London
to St Uncumber,’ a proof that the veneration of Ontkommer had found its
way into England.
[120] Panzer, F., _Beitrag zur deutschen Mythologie_, 1848, pp. 5 ff., 272
ff.
[121] Corémans, _L’année de l’ancienne Belgique_, 1844, p. 149.
[122] Simrock, K., _Handbuch der deutschen Myth._, 1887, p. 344.
[123] Panzer, F., _Beitrag zur deutschen Myth._, 1848, p. 23.
[124] Corémans, _L’année de l’ancienne Belgique_, 1844, p. 148.
[125] Panzer, F., _Beitrag zur deutschen Myth._, 1848, pp. 69 ff.
[126] Cradles are frequently kept in churches in Bavaria, and form, I am
told, part of the furniture which was formerly used at the celebration of
the Nativity play at Christmas (Weihnachtskrippenspiel).
[127] Panzer, F., _Beitrag zur deutschen Myth._, 1848, p. 273.
[128] Simrock, K., _Handbuch der deutschen Myth._, 1887, pp. 344, 349,
gives lists of their names.
[129] Grimm, _Wörterbuch_, ‘Bett’; Mannhardt, W., _Germanische Mythen_,
1858, p. 644.
[130] Panzer, F., _Beitrag zur deutschen Mythol._, 1848, p. 180.
[131] _A. SS. Boll._, St Einbetta, Sept. 16.
[132] _A. SS. Boll._, St Kunegundis, June 16.
[133] Panzer, _Beitrag zur deutschen Myth._, 1848, p. 379.
[134] Menck-Dittmarsch, _Des Moselthals Sagen_, 1840, pp. 178, 258.
[135] Grimm, _Wörterbuch_, ‘Marge.’
[136] Lersch, _Centralmuseum rheinl. Inschriften_, vol. 1, p. 23; also
_Jahrbücher des Vereins von Altertumsfreunden im Rheinlande_, Bonn: J.
1852, Freudenberg, ‘Darstellungen der Matres oder Matronae’; J. 1853,
‘Neue Matronensteine’; J. 1857, Eick, ‘Matronensteine’; J. 1858, Becker,
‘Beiträge’ etc.
[137] Stadler und Heim, _Vollständiges Heiligenlexicon_, 1858, St
Lufthildis.
[138] Ibid. St Rolendis.
[139] _A. SS. Boll._, St Cunera, June 12.
[140] Fustel de Coulanges, _L’invasion germanique_, 1891; Gérard, P. A.
F., _Histoire des Francs d’Austrasie_, 1864; Ozanam, _Civilisation
chrétienne chez les Francs_, 1855.
[141] _A. SS. Boll._, St Caesaria, Jan. 12, _Regula_, pp. 730-737; also
_A. SS. Boll._, St Caesarius episcopus, Aug. 27.
[142] _A. SS. Boll._, St Caesaria, Jan. 12, _Regula_, c. 66.
[143] Guettée, _Histoire de l’Église de France_, 1847, vol. 2, 46; Labbé,
_Sacr. Conc. Collectio_, Conc. Agathense, canon nr 19.
[144] Guettée, _Histoire de l’Église de France_, 1847, vol. 2, p. 109.
[145] Keller, Ch., _Étude critique sur le texte de la vie de Ste
Geneviève_, 1881; also _A. SS. Boll._, St Genovefa, Jan. 3.
[146] Darboy, Mgr, _Sainte Clothilde_, 1865; also _A. SS. Boll._, St
Chrothildis, June 3.
[147] Giesebrecht, W., _Fränkische Geschichte des Gregorius_, 1851,
Einleitung xviii.
[148] Gregorius Tur., _De Gloria Confessorum_, ch. 106 (in Migne, _Patrol.
Cursus Completus_, vol. 71).
[149] Gregorius Tur., _De Gloria Martyrum_, ch. 5 (in Migne, _Patrol.
Cursus Compl._, vol. 71).
[150] _A. SS. Boll._, St Radegundis, Aug. 13 (contains both these
accounts).
[151] Fortunatus, _Opera poetica_, edit. Nisard, 1887.
[152] Gregorius Tur., _Hist. Franc._ bk 9, ch. 42.
[153] Gregorius Tur., _Hist. Franc._ bk 3, ch. 7; Fortunatus, _Vita_, ch.
2-4.
[154] Giesebrecht, W., _Fränkische Geschichte des Gregorius_, 1851,
appendix.
[155] Fortunatus, _Vita_, ch. 3.
[156] Ibid., ch. 10.
[157] Ibid., ch. 5.
[158] Baudonivia, _Vita_, ch. 2.
[159] _A. SS. Boll._, St Medardus, June 8.
[160] Commentators are much exercised by this summary breaking of the
marriage tie; some urge that Radegund’s union had not been blessed by the
Church. In the _A. SS._ it is argued that the Gallic bishop Medardus in
pronouncing her divorce acted in ignorance of certain canons of the
Church.
[161] Fortunatus, _Vita_, c. 10.
[162] Ibid., ch. 11; Baudonivia, _Vita_, ch. 6.
[163] Ibid., _Vita_, ch. 12.
[164] Stadler und Heim, _Vollständiges Heiligenlexicon_, Johannes, nr 52;
Gregorius Tur., _De Gloria Confessorum_, ch. 23.
[165] Fortunatus, _Vita_, ch. 26.
[166] Lucchi, _Vie de Venantius Fortunatus_, ch. 85 (in Fortunatus, _Opera
poetica_, edit. Nisard, 1887).
[167] Gregorius Tur., _De Gloria Confessorum_, ch. 106.
[168] Fortunatus, _Opera poetica_, edit. Nisard, 1887, note 111, 3, p.
214.
[169] Gérard, P. A. F., _Histoire des Francs d’Austrasie_, 1864, vol. 1,
p. 272.
[170] Gregorius Tur., _Hist. Franc._ bk 9, ch. 40.
[171] Fortunatus, _Opera poetica_, edit. Nisard, 1887, note 11, 1, p. 76.
[172] Gregorius Tur., _Hist. Franc._ bk 8, ch. 40.
[173] Gregorius Tur., _Hist. Franc._ bk 7, ch. 36.
[174] Baudonivia, _Vita_, c. 11.
[175] Fortunatus, _Opera poetica_, edit. Nisard, 1887, bk 10, nr 9.
[176] Fortunatus, _Opera poetica_, edit. Nisard, bk 2, nr 16.
[177] Ibid., bk 6, nr 1.
[178] Mone, F. J., _Lateinische Hymnen des Mittelalters_, 1853-5, vol 1,
101; Fortunatus, _Opera poetica_, edit. Nisard, note, p. 76.
[179] Fortunatus, _Opera poetica_, Appendix, nr 2.
[180] Ibid., bk 8, nr 1.
[181] Fortunatus, _Opera poetica_, note 9, p. 213.
[182] Ibid., Appendix, nr 16.
[183] Ibid., nr 31.
[184] Nisard, Ch., _Des poesies de Radegonde attribuées jusqu’ici à
Fortunat_, 1889, p. 5.
[185] Fortunatus, _Opera poetica_, edit. Nisard, 1887, note 111, 2, 3,
etc., p. 284.
[186] Ibid., ‘De Excidio Thoringiae,’ Appendix, nr 1.
[187] Fortunatus, _Opera poetica_, Appendix, nr 3.
[188] Ibid., bk 8, nr 8.
[189] Ibid., bk 8, nr 6.
[190] Ibid., bk 11, nr 10.
[191] Ibid., bk 11, nr 9.
[192] Fortunatus, _Opera poetica_, bk 11, nr 11.
[193] Ibid., bk 11, nr 22.
[194] Ibid., bk 11, nr 8.
[195] Ibid., bk 11, nr 6.
[196] Ibid., Appendix, nr 21.
[197] Ibid., bk 11, nr 2.
[198] Ibid., bk 11, nr 7.
[199] Ibid., Appendix, nr 15.
[200] Gregorius Tur., _De Gloria Confessorum_, ch. 106.
[201] Gregorius Tur., _Hist. Franc._, bk 9, chs. 39-44; bk 10, chs. 15-17,
20.
[202] Gregorius Tur., _Hist. Franc._, bk 9, ch. 39.
[203] Gregorius Tur., _Hist. Franc._, bk 9, ch. 41.
[204] Ibid., bk 10, ch. 15.
[205] Gregorius Tur., _Hist. Franc._, bk 9, ch. 33; bk 10, ch. 12.
[206] _A. SS. Boll._, St Vedastus, Feb. 6.
[207] _A. SS. Boll._, St Eleutherius, Feb. 20, _Vita_ 1, ch. 3 (Potthast,
Wegweiser: ‘_Vita auctore anonymo sed antiquo_’).
[208] Gérard, P. A. F., _Histoire des Francs d’Austrasie_, 1864, vol. 1,
p. 384.
[209] Comp. throughout _A. SS. Boll._, St Wandregisilus, July 22; St
Waningus, Jan. 9, etc.
[210] Drapeyron, L., _La reine Brunehilde_, 1867.
[211] Gregorius, Papa, _Epistolae_, liber 9, epist. 109 (in Migne,
_Patrol. Cursus Compl._ vol. 77).
[212] St Columban who went abroad and died in 615 should be kept distinct
from St Columba who died in 597, sometimes also called Columban. Both of
them wrote rules for monks (cf. _Dictionary of Nat. Biography_).
[213] Bouquet, _Recueil Hist._, vol. 3, p. 478.
[214] _A. SS. Boll._, St Desiderius, May 23.
[215] Guettée, _Histoire de l’Église de France_, vol. 1, p. 317.
[216] Opinions differ as to the original form of the rule of St Benedict.
Comp. Benedictus, _Opera_, pp. 204 ff. (in Migne, _Patrologiae Cursus
Complet._, vol. 66).
[217] _A. SS. Boll._, St Filibertus, Aug. 20.
[218] Roth, P., _Geschichte des Beneficialwesens_, 1850, Appendix, gives
the Charter.
[219] Roth, P., _Geschichte des Beneficialwesens_, 1850, p. 249.
[220] _A. SS. Boll._, St Bathildis, Jan. 26 (contains both accounts).
[221] Roth, P., _Geschichte des Beneficialwesens_, 1850, p. 86.
[222] _A. SS. Boll._, St Bathildis, Jan. 26; _Vita_ 11., ch. 14.
[223] _A. SS. Boll._, ibid., St Aurea, Oct. 4.
[224] Ibid., St Filibertus, Aug. 20, _Vita_, ch. 5.
[225] Ibid., St Austreberta, Feb. 10.
[226] Regnault, _Vie de Ste Fare_, 1626.
[227] _A. SS. Boll._, St Teclechildis, Oct. 10.
[228] _A. SS. Boll._, St Bertilia, Jan. 3.
[229] Ibid., St Salaberga, Sept. 22, _Vita_, ch. 8.
[230] Ibid., St Austrudis, Oct. 17.
[231] Bede, _Hist. Eccles._, bk 3, ch. 8; bk 4, ch. 23. Comp. below, ch.
3, § 1.
[232] _History of the Anglo-Saxons_, transl. Thorpe, 1845, vol. 2, p. 247.
[233] Raine, _Historians of the Church of York_. Rolls series, vol. 1,
Preface, p. xxiii.
[234] It is probable such settlements existed. Dugdale, _Monasticon_, vol.
3, p. 302, holds a religious foundation to have existed in Tinmouth
founded 617-33, but in Bede, _Life of Cuthbert_, transl. Stevenson, T.,
1887, ch. 3, it is referred to as a monastery formerly of men, now of
‘virgins.’
[235] Dugdale, _Monasticon_, ‘Folkestone,’ vol. 1, p. 451.
[236] Hardy, Th. D., _Descriptive Catalogue of Materials_, 1862, vol. 1,
p. 226: ‘the life of Eanswith cannot be traced to any earlier authority
than John of Tinmouth († c. 1380) whose account Capgrave († 1484) embodied
in his collection of saints’ lives.’ The work of Capgrave, _Catalogus SS.
Angliae_, was printed in 1516; the _Kalendre of the newe Legende of
Englande_, printed 1516 (Pynson), from which expressions are quoted in the
text, is an abridged translation of it into English.
[237] Dugdale, _Monasticon_, ‘Folkestone,’ vol. 1, p. 451, nr 2.
[238] Smith and Wace, _Dictionary of Christian Biography_, 1880,
‘Eanswitha’; also _A. SS. Boll._, St Eanswida, Aug. 31.
[239] Dugdale, _Monasticon_, ‘Liming,’ vol. 1, p. 452.
[240] Jenkins, R. C., in _Gentleman’s Magazine_, 1862, August, p. 196
quotes this statement; I do not see where he takes it from.
[241] Stanton, R., _Menology of England and Wales_, 1887, p. 144.
[242] Hardy, Th. D., _Descriptive Catalogue of Materials_, 1862, vol. 1,
p. 475.
[243] Gocelinus, _Vita St Wereburgae_, c. 1 (in Migne, _Patrol. Cursus
Compl._, vol. 155).
[244] Bright, W., _Early English Church History_, 1878, p. 130 footnote.
[245] Dugdale, _Monasticon_, ‘Sheppey,’ vol. 2, p. 49.
[246] Bright, W., _Early English Church History_, 1878, p. 123.
[247] Bede, _Hist. Eccles._, bk 3, ch. 8, transl. Gidley, 1870.
[248] Dugdale, _Monasticon_, ‘Thanet,’ vol. 1, p. 447; Hardy, Th. D.,
_Descriptive Catalogue of Materials_, 1862, on lives of St Mildred, vol.
1, p. 376; _A. SS. Boll._, St Mildreda, July 13.
[249] Stanton, R., _Menology of England and Wales_, 1887, July 13.
[250] Smith and Wace, _Dictionary of Christian Biography_, article
‘Mildred’ by Bishop Stubbs.
[251] Dugdale, _Monasticon_, ‘Thanet,’ vol. 1, p. 447.
[252] _A. SS. Boll._, St Milburga, Feb. 23.
[253] Ibid., St Mildwida, Jan. 17.
[254] Stanton, R., _Menology of England and Wales_, Jan. 17.
[255] ‘Lives of Women Saints’ (written about 1610) p. 64, edited by
Horstman for the Early Engl. Text Soc., London, 1887.
[256] Haddon and Stubbs, _Councils and Ecclesiastical Documents_, 1869,
vol. 3, p. 240.
[257] ‘Upmynstre, Suthmynstre, Folcanstan, Limming, Sceppeis.’
[258] Dugdale, _Monasticon_, ‘Whitby,’ vol. 1, p. 405.
[259] Bede, _Eccl. Hist._, bk 4, ch. 23 transl. Gidley, 1870. Dugdale,
_Monasticon_, ‘Hartlepool,’ vol. 6, p. 1618, places the foundation about
the year 640.
[260] Bede, _Eccl. Hist._ bk 3, chs. 24-25; bk 4, chs. 23-24.
[261] _A. SS. Boll._, St Bega, Sept. 6; Tomlinson, G. C., _Life and
Miracles of St Bega_, 1839.
[262] _Carthularium abbathiae de Whiteby_, publ. Surtees Soc., 1879.
[263] Bede, _Eccles. History_, bk 4, ch. 23, translat. Gidley, 1870, with
additions and alterations.
[264] Bede, _Eccles. History_, bk 5, ch. 3.
[265] Bede, _Life of St Cuthbert_, ch. 10; Dugdale, _Monasticon_, vol. 1,
p. 233, mentions Easington only as a manor of Durham.
[266] Dugdale, _Monasticon_, ‘Hackness,’ vol. 3, p. 633.
[267] Bede, _Eccles. History_, bk 4, ch. 23.
[268] _Dictionary of Nat. Biography_, article ‘Caedmon’ by Henry Bradley.
[269] Bede, _Eccles. History_, bk 4, ch. 24, transl. Gidley, 1870.
[270] Haigh, D. H., ‘On the monasteries of St Heiu and St Hild,’ _Yorksh.
Archaeolog. Journal_, vol. 3, p. 370. I do not know on what authority
Haigh designates Heiu as saint.
[271] Gray, de Birch, _Fasti Monastici Aevi Saxonici_, 1872, p. 15.
[272] Comp. below, p. 106.
[273] Charlton, L., _History of Whitby_, 1779, p. 33.
[274] Raine, _Historians of the Church of York_, Rolls series, vol. 1,
Preface p. xxvii. This volume contains reprints of several accounts of the
life of Wilfrith, including the one by Eddi.
[275] _A. SS. Boll._, St Withburga, March 17; Dugdale, _Monasticon_, ‘East
Dereham,’ vol. 2, p. 176.
[276] Haigh, D. H., ‘On the monasteries of St Heiu and St Hild,’
_Yorkshire Archaeol. Journal_, vol. 3, p. 352, decides in favour of
Aethelric.
[277] Bright, W., _Early English Church History_, 1878, p. 235.
[278] Dugdale, _Monasticon_, ‘Coldingham,’ vol. 6, p. 149. The promontory
of St Abb’s Head retains her name. She is believed to have founded another
religious settlement at a place in Durham on the river Derwent called
Ebbchester, and the village church there is dedicated to her (_Dict. of
Nat. Biog._).
[279] Bede, _Eccles. History_, bk 4, ch. 19.
[280] _A. SS. Boll._, St Etheldreda June 23, Thomas of Ely, _Vita_ ch. 41.
[281] Bright, W., _Early English Church History_, 1878, p. 252 footnote.
[282] Bede, _Eccles. History_, bk 4, ch. 19.
[283] _Kalendre of the newe Legende of Englande_, printed 1516 (Pynson)
fol. 39 b.
[284] Bede, _Eccles. History_, bk 4, ch. 19.
[285] _Dictionary of National Biography_, ‘Etheldreda, Saint.’
[286] Bentham, _History of Ely_, 1817, p. 9.
[287] Gocelinus, _Vita St Wereburgae_ (in Migne, _Patrol. Cursus Compl._
vol. 155).
[288] Stanton, R., _Menology of England and Wales_, 1887, p. 49, calls it
Weedon in Northamptonshire; Dugdale, _Monasticon_, ‘Wedon,’ vol. 6, p.
1051, doubts its existence.
[289] _Life of St Werburgh_, 1521, reprinted for the Early Engl. Text
Soc., 1887.
[290] Stanton, R., _Menology of England and Wales_, 1887, p. 49.
[291] Livien, E. ‘On early religious houses in Staffordshire,’ _Journal of
the British Archaeolog. Assoc._, vol. 29, p. 329. (The widespread cult of
St Werburg may be due to there having been several saints of this name;
comp. Stanton, R., _Menology_.)
[292] Eddi, _Vita_, c. 34 (in Raine, _Historians of the Church of York_,
Rolls series).
[293] Bright, W., _Early English Church History_, 1878, p. 300, casts
discredit on this story, which is told by Eddi, _Vita_, c. 38.
[294] Bright, W., _Early English Church History_, 1878, pp. 301 ff.
[295] Hardy, Th. D., _Descriptive Catalogue of Materials_, 1862, vol. 1,
pp. 297 ff.
[296] Bede, _Life of St Cuthbert_, ch. 10.
[297] Bede, _Eccles. History_, bk 4, ch. 25.
[298] The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle gives 679 as the date of the fire; Eddi’s
account represents Aebbe as alive in 681. Perhaps she died in 680; comp.
Smith and Wace, _Dictionary of Christian Biography_, 1877, Ebba, nr 1;
also Bright, W., _Early English Church History_, 1878, p. 300, footnote.
[299] Bright, W., ibid., p. 255, footnote.
[300] Hardy, Th. D., _Descriptive Catalogue of Materials_, 1862, vol. 1,
p. 312.
[301] Bede, _Life of St Cuthbert_, ch. 23.
[302] Bede, _Life of St Cuthbert_, ch. 34.
[303] Ibid., ch. 24.
[304] Psalm lxxxix. 10 (The Vulgate here follows the LXX.; it would be
interesting to know what sense they or indeed Bede gave to the passage).
[305] Eccles. xi. 8.
[306] Bede, _Eccles. Hist._, bk 4, ch. 26.
[307] Eddi, _Vita_, c. 43.
[308] Bright, W., _Early English History_, 1878, p. 448, from 686-691.
[309] Haigh, D. H., ‘On the monasteries of St Heiu and St Hild,’ _Yorksh.
Archaeol. Journal_, vol. 3, p. 375.
[310] Dugdale, _Monasticon_, ‘Peterborough,’ vol. 1, p. 377, nr 2, prints
the charter.
[311] Gough, R., _Parochial History of Castor_, 1819, p. 99.
[312] ‘Cum beatissimis sororibus meis Kyneburga et Kyneswida, quarum prior
regina mutavit imperium in Christi ancillarum praesidens monasterio ...
etc.’
[313] Hardy, Th. D., _Descriptive Catalogue of Materials_, 1862, vol. 1,
p. 370.
[314] _A. SS. Boll._, St Kineburga et St Kineswitha, virgines, March 6,
argue the existence of a third sister.
[315] Camden, _Britannia_, edit. 1789, vol. 2, pp. 219, 223.
[316] Dugdale, _Monasticon_, ‘Repton,’ vol. 6, p. 429; the abbesses he
mentions should stand in this order: Alfritha, Edburga.
[317] Haddon and Stubbs, _Councils and Eccles. Documents_, 1869, vol. 3,
p. 273.
[318] Ibid., vol. 3, p. 274.
[319] Birch, W. de Gray, _Memorials of St Guthlac of Crowland_, 1881.
[320] _A. SS. Boll._, St Guthlac, April 11; Felix, _Vita_, c. 12.
[321] Felix, _Vita_, c. 33.
[322] Ibid., ‘Egburgh abbatissa, Aldulfi regis filia’; Smith and Wace,
_Dictionary of Christian Biography_, 1877, call her ‘Eadburga (nr 3)’; two
abbesses Ecgburh occur in the Durham list of abbesses, comp. Gray, W. de
Birch, _Fasti Monastici Aevi Saxonici_, 1872, p. 70.
[323] Comp. below, ch. 4, § 1.
[324] Holdich, B., _History of Crowland Abbey_, 1816, p. 2.
[325] Gray, W. de Birch, _Memorials of St Guthlac of Crowland_, 1881,
Introd. p. l, footnote.
[326] Brit. Mus. MS. Harleian Roll, Y 6, reproduced Gray, W. de Birch,
_Memorials of St Guthlac of Crowland_, 1881, pp. 14, 16, etc.
[327] Goodwin, C. W., _The Anglo-Saxon version of the life of St Guthlac_,
1848, p. 93.
[328] _A. SS. Boll._, St Pega sive Pegia, Jan. 8.
[329] _A. SS. Boll._, St Ositha, Oct. 7.
[330] Dugdale, _Monasticon_, ‘Chich Priory,’ vol. 6, p. 308.
[331] Hardy, Th. D., _Descriptive Catalogue of Materials_, vol. 1, pp. 524
ff.
[332] _A. SS. Boll._, St Frideswida, Oct. 19; Dugdale, _Monasticon_,
‘Christ Church,’ vol. 2, p. 134.
[333] _Dictionary of National Biography_, Frideswide.
[334] Stanton, R., _Menology of England and Wales_, 1887, p. 137: ‘we have
no records of Osburg till 1410.’
[335] Ibid., p. 310: ‘there is much obscurity in the history of St
Modwenna. It seems that she must be distinguished from one or perhaps two
other Irish saints....’ Also Livien, E., ‘On early religious houses in
Staffordshire’ in _Journal of the British Archaeol. Association_, vol. 29,
p. 333; Hardy, Th. D., _Descriptive Catalogue of Materials_, pp. 94 ff.
[336] Stanton, R., _Menology of England and Wales_, 1887, p. 328.
[337] Bede, _Eccles. Hist._, bk 4, chs. 7-10.
[338] Dugdale, _Monasticon_, ‘Barking,’ vol. 1, p. 436.
[339] _A. SS. Boll._, St Ethelburga, Oct. 11; Stanton, R., _Menology of
England and Wales_, p. 485.
[340] Stanton, R., _Menology_, calls her Theorigitha but says, p. 36, that
she has no day.
[341] _A. SS. Boll._, St Hildelitha, March 24.
[342] Bede, _Eccles. Hist._, bk 5, ch. 18.
[343] Capgrave, T., _Catalogus SS. Angliae_, 1516, fol. 10, b.
[344] _Monumenta Moguntina_, edit. Jaffé, Epist. nr 2, written between 675
and 705; Giles (Aldhelm, _Opera Omnia_, 1844, p. 90) calls her Osgith, a
name which occurs several times in the Durham ‘Liber Vitae.’
[345] Aldhelm, _Opera_, edit. Giles, 1844, p. 103.
[346] Ibid., p. 115, _De Basilica_, etc.
[347] Ibid., p. 135, _De Laudibus Virginum_ (it is not known over which
house Maxima presided); p. 203, _De octo Principalibus Vitiis_.
[348] Ibid., p. 1, _De Laudibus Virginitatis_ (chapter references in the
text are to this edition).
[349] Mediaeval exegesis interpreted in these four ways, comp. Cassian
Erem., _De Spiritu Sc._, c. 8.
[350] I take ‘crustu’ to go with ‘crusta,’ comp. Ducange.
[351] _Monumenta Moguntina_, edit. Jaffé, Epist. nr 70.
[352] Dugdale, _Monasticon_, ‘Sherbourne,’ vol. 1, p. 331, footnote K.
[353] Will. of Malmesbury, _History_, c. 31.
[354] _Dict. of Nat. Biography_, ‘Aldhelm.’
[355] Dugdale, _Monasticon_, ‘Wimbourne,’ vol. 2, p. 88.
[356] _A. SS. Boll._, St Cuthberga, Aug. 31.
[357] Dugdale, _Monasticon_, ‘Wimbourne,’ vol. 2, p. 88.
[358] _Opera_ edit. Giles, 1844, p. 216; _Dict. of Nat. Biog._,
‘Aldfrith,’ he is sometimes called Alfred.
[359] Dugdale, _Monasticon_, ‘Wimbourne,’ vol. 2, p. 89, nr 2.
[360] _Brit. Mus. MSS. Lansdowne_, 436 f., 38 b.
[361] Dugdale, _Monasticon_, ‘Tetbury,’ vol. 6, p. 1619.
[362] _A. SS. Boll._, St Lioba, Sept. 28, c. 2.
[363] Arndt, W., Introd. to translation into German (in Pertz,
_Geschichtsschreiber der deutschen Vorzeit_, Jahrhundert 8, Band 2), p.
xix.
[364] Epist. nr 12. The only edition of the letters of Boniface which
attempts chronological order is that of Jaffé, Ph., _Monumenta Moguntina_,
1866, the numeration of which I have followed. Additional remarks on the
dates of some of the letters are contained in Hahn, H., _Bonifaz und Lull,
ihre angelsächsischen Correspondenten_, 1883.
[365] Willibaldus presb., _Vita Bonifacii_, edit. Jaffé, Ph., _Monumenta
Moguntina_, 1866, pp. 422-506, c. 2.
[366] Whether Eadburg of Thanet is identical with St Eadburga buried at
Liming (comp. p. 84), is uncertain.
[367] Epist. nr 10.
[368] Epist. nr 112.
[369] Epist. nr 32, written 735 (Jaffé); after 732 (Hahn).
[370] Epist. nr 75.
[371] Epist. nr 31.
[372] Epist. nr 62.
[373] Epist. nr 76.
[374] Epist. nr 22, written 722 (Jaffé).
[375] Epist. nr 39.
[376] Epist. nr 46.
[377] Epist. nr 72, 2 Cor. vii. 5.
[378] Epist. nr 73.
[379] Comp. Ps. cxix. 105.
[380] Epist. nr 87.
[381] Epist. nr 8; written between 709 and 712 (Hahn). Boniface is known
to have travelled in the district of the Mosel; there is no other reason
why this letter should be included in the correspondence.
[382] John xv. 12.
[383] Epist. nr 59; written 745 (Hahn).
[384] Epist. nr 60.
[385] Epist. nr 61.
[386] Epist. nr 70; written after 748 (Hahn).
[387] Epist. nr 13, written 717-19 (Hahn).
[388] Jaffé, Ph., _loc. cit._, footnote, p. 64, quotes the lines Virg.
_Aen._, 11. 369-70, of which this sentence seems an adaptation.
[389] Comp. Psalm i. 2.
[390] Romans x. 15.
[391] Matth. xxv. 36.
[392] Comp. Matth. xix. 28.
[393] Epist. nr 14, written 719-22 (Jaffé). Haigh, D. H., ‘On the
monasteries of St Heiu and St Hild,’ in _Yorkshire Archaeol. Journal_,
vol. 3, p. 377, speaks of her as Cangith and holds her to have been abbess
of Hackness.
[394] Birch, W. de Gray, _Fasti Monastici Aevi Saxonici_, 1872, p. 68.
[395] Matth. vii. 25.
[396] Comp. Luc. xiv. 31.
[397] Wisdom vi. 7 (Vulgate).
[398] Wisdom iv. 12 (Vulgate).
[399] There are some difficulties in this passage.
[400] Daniel xiv. 33 (Vulgate).
[401] Acts viii. 26.
[402] Ps. cxix. 103.
[403] Ps. xxxvi. 6.
[404] Cp. Ps. cxli. 2.
[405] Cp. 2 Cor. v. 12.
[406] The name Bugga occurs frequently during this period.
[407] Epist. nr 16, written 720-22 (Jaffé); I think somewhat later.
[408] Epist. nr 86.
[409] Epist. nr 88.
[410] Epist. nrs 37, 38, 39.
[411] Epist. nr 103, written shortly after 740 (Hahn).
[412] Epist. nr 113.
[413] Epist. nr 53.
[414] Epist. nr 70.
[415] Epist. nr 126.
[416] Epist. nr 23; the verse runs as follows:
‘Arbiter omnipotens, solus qui cuncta creavit,
In regno Patris semper qui lumine fulget,
Qua jugiter flagrans sic regnat gloria Christi,
Inlaesum servet semper te jure perenni.’
[417] _A. SS. Boll._, St Lioba, Sept. 28, _Vita_, ch. 9.
[418] Epist. nr 91, written between 737-41 (Hahn).
[419] _Vita_, ch. 13.
[420] Epist. nr 34.
[421] Epist. nr 98, written 732-747 (Hahn).
[422] _Vita_, ch. 14.
[423] Epist. nr 93.
[424] Epist. nr 126; also Epist. nr 68, written 748 (from the Pope on the
consecration of abbot and abbess).
[425] _Vita St Sturmi_ in Pertz, _Mon. Germ. Script._, vol. 2, p. 365.
[426] In Jaffé, Ph., _Monumenta Moguntina_, 1866, p. 475.
[427] Comp. above, p. 135.
[428] _A. SS. Boll._, St Tecla, Oct. 15, casts discredit on Tecla’s
settling at Kizzingen and argues in favour of Oxenfurt. Kizzingen existed
in the 15 c.; nothing is known concerning the later history of Oxenfurt.
[429] Hahn, H., _Bonifaz und Lull, ihre angelsächsischen Correspondenten_,
1883, p. 138, footnote 4, considers her identical with the Cynehild of the
correspondence.
[430] Two letters, nrs 148, 149, in the correspondence are written by
‘Berthgyth,’ apparently a nun in England who wished to go abroad, to her
brother Baldhard, but judging by their contents (‘I have been deserted by
my parents,’ etc.) it is improbable that she is identical with the nun
referred to above.
[431] Jaffé, Ph., _Monumenta Moguntina_, 1866, p. 490.
[432] Comp. above, p. 25.
[433] Comp. the attempt to identify Chunihilt with St Gunthildis, _A. SS.
Boll._, Sept. 22.
[434] Edit. Canisius, H., _Thesaurus_, 1725, vol. 2; this anonymous nun is
sometimes considered identical with the sister of Wilibald and Wunebald,
and therefore with St Walburg.
[435] _Vita St Willibaldi_ (also called Hodoeporicon), edit. Canisius, H.,
_Thesaurus_, 1725, vol. 2, ch. 2.
[436] Bede, _Hist. Eccles._, bk 5, ch. 15.
[437] For erasing writing from parchment.
[438] _Vita St Wunebaldi_, edit. Canisius, H., _Thesaurus_, 1725, vol. 2.
[439] Widukind, _Annalium libri tres_, year 924.
[440] Giesebrecht, W., _Geschichte der deutschen Kaiserzeit_, 4 ed. 1873,
vol. 1.
[441] Ex Vita Liutbergae in Pertz, _Mon. Germ. Script._, vol. 4, p. 158
(Potthast, _Wegweiser_, written about 870).
[442] Dümmler, E., _Geschichte des ostfränkischen Reichs_, 1865, vol. 1,
p. 348.
[443] Translatio St Pusinnae in _A. SS. Boll._, April 23 (Potthast,
_Wegweiser_, written probably by a monk of Corvei between 860-877).
[444] Dümmler, E., _Geschichte des ostfränkischen Reichs_, 1865, vol. 2,
p. 336.
[445] Luentzel, _Geschichte der Diöcese und Stadt Hildesheim_, 1858, vol.
1, p. 22.
[446] Vita Mathildis Reg. (in Pertz, _Mon. Germ. Script._, vol. 4, p. 283
ff.), c. 26.
[447] _Annales Quedliburgenses_, year 999.
[448] Fritsch, _Geschichte des Reichstifts Quedlinburg_, 1826, vol. 1, p.
45.
[449] Luther, _An den Adel christl. Nation_, 1520, edit. Knaake, vol. 6,
p. 440.
[450] Harenberg, _Historia Ecclesiae Gandersh._, 1734, vol. 1, p. 529.
[451] Engelhausen, _Chronicon_ (in Leibnitz, _Scriptores rer. Brunsv._
1707, vol. 2), p. 978.
[452] Comp. below, ch. 6, § 1.
[453] Luentzel, _Geschichte der Diöcese und Stadt Hildesheim_, 1858, vol.
1, p. 67, quoting ‘Reimchronik,’
‘Dat Bog segt, dat se so vele Wisheit konde,
Dat se ok wol gelerden Meistern wedderstunde.’
[454] Harenberg, _Historia Ecclesiae Gandersh._, 1734, vol. 1, p. 626 ff.
[455] Luentzel, _Geschichte der Diöcese und Stadt Hildesheim_, vol. 1, p.
319.
[456] ‘De fundatione Brunswilarensis’ (in Pertz, _Mon. Germ. Scriptores_,
vol. 11, p. 394 footnote); Adelheid was abbess of Nivelles, Mathilde of
Villich and Diedenkirchen, Theofanu of Essen, Hedwig of Neuss; Sophie and
Ida, to whom reference has been made in the text, are said by Pertz to
have presided over Gandersheim and St Maria at Cöln; Sophie certainly did
not become abbess at Gandersheim, perhaps she went to Mainz; Ida probably
presided over the convent of St Maria on the Münzenberg, a dependency of
Gandersheim.
[457] Waitz, G., _Deutsche Verfassungsgeschichte_, 1868, vol. 7, p. 258.
[458] Reichstage, 1548-1594.
[459] Fritsch, _Geschichte des Reichstifts Quedlinburg_, 1828, vol. 1, p.
259.
[460] Luentzel, _Geschichte der Diöcese und Stadt Hildesheim_, 1858, vol.
1, p. 67.
[461] Fritsch, _Geschichte des Reichstifts Quedlinburg_, 1828, vol. 1, p.
84.
[462] Ebert, Ad., _Geschichte der Litteratur des Mittelalters_, 1887, vol.
3, p. 429 footnote.
[463] Harenberg, _Historia Ecclesiae Ganders._, 1734; also Luentzel,
_Geschichte der Diöcese und Stadt Hildesheim_, 1858, vol. 1, pp. 33 ff.,
63 ff.
[464] Agius, _Vita et Obitus Hathumodae_ (in Pertz, _Mon. Germ.
Scriptores_, vol. 4, pp. 166-189).
[465] Hrotsvith, ‘Carmen de Primordiis Coenobii Gandersh.,’ in _Opera_,
edit. Barack, 1858, p. 339 ff.
[466] Agius, _Vita et Obitus Hathumodae_, ch. 3.
[467] Ibid. ch. 5.
[468] Agius, _Vita et Obitus Hathumodae_, ch. 9.
[469] Ibid. ch. 15.
[470] ‘Carmen de Primordiis Coenobii Gandersh.,’ line 273.
[471] ‘Carmen de Gestis Oddonis I,’ in _Opera_, edit. Barack, 1858, p.
302.
[472] Agius, _Vita et Obitus Hathumodae_, ch. 11.
[473] Köpke, R., _Deutschlands älteste Dichterin_, 1869, p. 17.
[474] Harenberg, _Historia Ecclesiae Gandersh._, 1734, p. 589.
[475] Meibom, H., _Rerum German. Script._, 1688, vol. 1, p. 706, quoting
Selneccer.
[476] Hrotsvith, _Opera_, edit. Barack, 1858; Ebert, Ad., _Allgemeine
Geschichte der Litteratur des Abendlandes_, 1887, vol. 3, p. 285 ff.
[477] _Opera_, edit. Barack, Einleitung, p. 6.
[478] Piltz, O., _Die Dramen der Roswitha_, no date; Magnin, _Théâtre de
Hrotsvitha_, 1845.
[479] Köpke, R., _Deutschlands älteste Dichterin_, 1869, p. 28.
[480] Hrotsvith, _Opera_, edit. Barack, Einleitung, p. 54.
[481] ‘Maria,’ _Opera_, p. 7.
[482] _Opera_, edit. Barack, p. 2.
[483] ‘Ascensio Domini,’ _Opera_, p. 37.
[484] _Opera_, edit. Barack, Einleitung, p. 48.
[485] ‘Gongolf,’ _Opera_, p. 43.
[486] Ebert, _Allgemeine Geschichte der Litteratur des Abendlandes_, 1887,
vol. 3, p. 290.
[487] ‘Pelagius,’ _Opera_, p. 63.
[488] Ebert, _Allgemeine Geschichte der Litteratur des Abendlandes_, 1887,
vol. 3, p. 295.
[489] ‘Theophilus,’ _Opera_, p. 79.
[490] ‘Proterius,’ _Opera_, p. 97.
[491] ‘Dionysius,’ _Opera_, p. 107.
[492] Ebert, _Allgemeine Geschichte der Litteratur des Abendlandes_, 1887,
vol. 3, p. 300.
[493] ‘Agnes,’ _Opera_, p. 117.
[494] _Opera_, p. 133.
[495] Ebert, _Allgemeine Geschichte der Litteratur des Abendlandes_, 1887,
vol. 3, p. 301.
[496] _Opera_, p. 95.
[497] _Opera_, p. 137.
[498] Hudson, W. H., ‘Hrotsvitha of Gandersheim,’ _English Historical
Review_, 1888.
[499] ‘Gallicanus,’ _Opera_, p. 143.
[500] Ebert, _Allgemeine Geschichte der Litteratur des Abendlandes_, 1887,
vol. 3, p. 316.
[501] ‘Dulcetius,’ _Opera_, p. 174.
[502] ‘Calimachus,’ _Opera_, p. 191.
[503] Ebert, _Allgemeine Geschichte der Litteratur des Abendlandes_, 1887,
vol. 3, p. 321.
[504] ‘Abraham,’ _Opera_, p. 213.
[505] Ebert, _Allgemeine Geschichte der Litteratur des Abendlandes_, 1887,
vol. 3, p. 323.
[506] ‘Paphnutius,’ _Opera_, p. 237.
[507] Piltz, O., _Dramen der Roswitha_ (no date), p. 178, refers to
Boëthius, _In Categorias Aristotelis_, liber 1, ‘de substantia’; and to
_De musica_, liber 1.
[508] The ancient course of university study included the seven ‘liberal
arts’ and was divided into the _Trivium_ including grammar, dialectic and
rhetoric, and the _Quadrivium_ including arithmetic, geometry, astronomy
and music. The _Trivium_ was sometimes designated as _logic_ and the
_Quadrivium_ as _physic_.
[509] ‘Sapientia,’ _Opera_, p. 27.
[510] Piltz, _Die Dramen der Roswitha_, p. 181, refers to Boëthius, _De
Arithmetica_, liber 1, cc. 9-22.
[511] ‘who favoured and improved these works before they were sent forth,’
additional words of some manuscripts; _Opera_, edit. Barak, p. 140
footnote.
[512] Ebert, _Allgemeine Geschichte der Litteratur des Abendlandes_, 1887,
vol. 3, p. 305.
[513] Ebert, _Allgemeine Geschichte der Litteratur des Abendlandes_, 1887,
vol. 3, p. 311.
[514] Köpke, _Die älteste deutsche Dichterin_, 1869.
[515] Comp. _Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie_, article ‘Roswitha.’
[516] Labbé, _Sacror. Concil. Collectio_, 1763, years 789, 804, 811;
Helyot, _Histoire des ordres monastiques_, 1714, vol. 5, p. 146 ff.
[517] Matth. Paris, _Historia Major Angliae_, sub anno.
[518] Helyot, _Histoire des ordres monastiques_, 1714, vol. 5, pp. 184
ff.; Ladewig, _Poppo von Stablo und die Klosterreform unter den Saliern_,
1883.
[519] _Wulfstan_, edit. Napier, Arthur, Berlin 1883, p. 156.
[520] Tanner, T., _Notitia monastica_, edit. Nasmith, 1787, Introduction,
p. ix.
[521] Helyot, _Histoire des ordres monastiques_, 1714, vol. 5, pp. 341
ff.; _A. SS. Boll._, St Stephanus abbas, April 17.
[522] Janauschek, L., _Origines Cisterciensium_, 1877.
[523] Dialogus inter Clun. et Cist. in Martène and Durand’s _Thesaurus
nov. Anecdot._ Paris, 1717, vol. 5, p. 1568.
[524] Jacopo di Vitriaco, _Historia Occidentalis_, 1597, c. 15.
[525] Helyot, _Histoire des ordres monastiques_, 1714, vol. 5, pp. 375,
468 ff.
[526] Hermannus, _De Mirac. St Mariae Laudun._ (in Migne, _Patrol. Cursus
completus_, vol. 156), p. 1002.
[527] Brunner, S., _Ein Cisterzienserbuch_, 1881, p. 612.
[528] Helyot, _Histoire des ordres monastiques_, 1714, vol. 5, p. 376.
[529] Birch, W. de Gray, _On the Date of Foundation ascribed to the
Cistercian Abbeys of Great Britain_, 1870.
[530] Dugdale, _Monasticon_, ‘Rivaulx,’ vol. 5, p. 274.
[531] Ibid. ‘Fountains,’ vol. 5, p. 292, nrs I-XI.
[532] _A. SS. Boll._, St Robertus, Feb. 25, contains two accounts of his
life, the one by Baldric († 1130), the other by Andrea. Comp. also Helyot,
_Hist, des ordres mon._, 1714, vol. 6, pp. 83 ff.
[533] Differing from settlements of the Gilbertine order, in which there
were lay sisters also.
[534] Helyot, _Histoire des ordres monastiques_, 1714, vol. 2, pp. 156 ff.
‘Leben des heil. Norbert’ (written before 1155) transl. by Hertel in
Pertz, _Geschichtsschreiber der deutschen Vorzeit_.
[535] Helyot, _Histoire des ordres monastiques_, 1714, vol. 2, p. 175;
Jacopo di Vitriaco, _Historia occidentalis_, 1597, ch. 15.
[536] Gonzague, _Monastère de Storrington_, 1884, p. 8.
[537] They were Brodholm and Irford.
[538] § 3 of this chapter.
[539] ‘Peregrinatio Relig. ergo.’
[540] Helyot, _Histoire des ordres monastiques_, 1714, vol. 2, pp. 11 ff.
[541] Tanner, J., _Notitia Monastica_ edit. Nasmith, 1787, Introd. XI.
[542] Rohrbacher, _Histoire universelle de l’église catholique_, 1868,
vol. 6, p. 252.
[543] Labbé, C., _Sacror. Conc. Collectio_, 1763, year 816, part 2.
[544] Helyot, _Histoire des ordres monastiques_, 1714, vol. 2, p. 55.
[545] Hugonin, ‘Essai sur la fondation de l’école St Victor à Paris,’
printed as an introduction to Hugo de St Victore, _Opera_ (in Migne,
_Patrologiae Cursus Compl._ vol. 175).
[546] Comp. below, ch. 9, § 1.
[547] Norgate, Kate, _History of the Angevin Kings_, 1887, vol. 1, p. 66.
[548] Idung, _De quatuor questionibus_ in Pez, B., _Thesaurus anecdot.
nov. 1721_, vol. 2.
[549] Helyot, _Histoire des ordres monastiques_, 1714, vol. 7, pp. 366,
406. Jacopo di Vitriaco, _Historia Occidentalis_, 1597, c. 15.
[550] Giraldus Cambrensis, _Speculum Ecclesiae_, edit. Brewer, 1873.
[551] Map, W., _De Nugis Curialium_ (written 1182-89), 1850, p. 38.
[552] John of Salisbury, _Polycraticus_, edit. Giles, bk. VII. chs. 21-23.
[553] Wirecker, N., _Brunellus_, 1662, p. 83.
[554] Goldsmid, _Political Songs_, vol. 2, p. 64.
[555] Freeman, _Norman Conquest_, 3rd edit. 1877, vol. 2, p. 609.
[556] Ibid. p. 554; Map, _De Nugis Curialium_, 1850, p. 201 (Freeman: Map
like other Norman writers speaks very ill of Godwin).
[557] Dugdale, _Monasticon_, vol. 6, p. 1618 (p. 1619 he says in
connection with the destroyed nunnery Woodchester that the wife of Earl
Godwin built it to make amends for her husband’s fraud at Berkley).
[558] Dugdale, _Monasticon_, ‘Shaftesbury,’ vol. 2, p. 470.
[559] Ibid. ‘Nunnaminster,’ vol. 2, p. 451.
[560] Ibid. ‘Barking,’ vol. 1, p. 436.
[561] Ibid. ‘Shaftesbury,’ vol. 2, p. 472. The abbess does not even seem
to have been represented (as she was at the Diet abroad).
[562] Ibid. p. 472; and p. 473 footnote.
[563] Dugdale, _Monasticon_, vol. 1, p. 472.
[564] They were Godstow, Elstow, Malling.
[565] Dugdale, _Monasticon_, ‘Amesbury,’ vol. 2, p. 333; Freeman, _History
of the Norman Conquest_ (3rd edit. 1877), vol. 2, p. 610; the event is
dated 1177; perhaps the letters from John of Salisbury, _Epist._ edit.
Giles, nrs 72, 74, are addressed to the abbess of Amesbury, who was
deposed.
[566] Dugdale, _Monasticon_, ‘Sopwell,’ vol. 3, p. 362.
[567] Ibid. ‘Kilburn,’ vol. 3, p. 422.
[568] Ibid. ‘St Clement’s,’ vol. 4, p. 323.
[569] Dugdale, _Monasticon_, ‘Stanford,’ vol. 4, p. 257.
[570] Ibid. ‘Sinningthwaite,’ vol. 5, p. 463.
[571] Ibid. ‘Swine,’ vol. 5, p. 494, nr 2; ‘Nun-Cotham,’ vol. 5, p. 676,
nr 2.
[572] _A. SS. Boll._, St Margaret, June 10.
[573] _Dict. of Nat. Biography_, Christina.
[574] Brand, _History of Newcastle_, vol. 1, p. 204.
[575] Freeman, _History of William Rufus_, vol. 2, pp. 596, 682.
[576] Will. of Malmesbury, _Gesta Reg._ (Rolls Series), pp. 279, 470, 493.
[577] Orderic Vitalis, _Eccles. Hist._, transl. by Forester, 1847, vol. 3,
p. 12.
[578] Eadmer, _Historia_ (Rolls Series), p. 122.
[579] Comp. below, ch. 8, § 2.
[580] Anselm of Canterbury, _Epistolae_ (in Migne, _Patrol. Cursus
completus_, vol. 159), the numeration of which is followed in the text.
[581] Hilarius, _Versus et ludi_, edit. Champollion-Figeac, 1838, p. 1.
(Champollion prints Clinton, which he no doubt misread for Winton.)
[582] Milner, J., _History of Winchester_, 1823, vol. 1, p. 212.
[583] Dugdale, _Monasticon_, ‘Wherwell,’ vol. 2, p. 634.
[584] Ibid. ‘St Mary’s Abbey,’ vol. 2, p. 452.
[585] Ibid. ‘Lillechurch,’ vol. 4, p. 378, charter nr 2.
[586] Ibid. ‘Rumsey,’ vol. 2, p. 506.
[587] Norgate, Kate, _History of the Angevin Kings_, 1887, vol. 1, p. 469.
[588] Beket, _Epistolae_ (in Migne, _Patrol. Cursus compl._, vol. 190), nr
196.
[589] Petrus Blesiensis, _Epistolae_, edit. Giles, letters nrs 35, 36, 55,
239.
[590] _A. SS. Boll._, St Gilbert, Feb. 4, contain two short lives;
Dugdale, _Monasticon_, vol. 6 inserted between pp. 946, 947, contains a
longer account, the ‘Institutiones,’ and various references to Gilbert;
_Dict. of Nat. Biography_ refers to a MS. account at Oxford, Digby, 36,
Bodleian.
[591] Helyot, _Histoire des ordres mon._, 1714, vol. 2, p. 190.
[592] _Dict. of Nat. Biography._
[593] _A. SS. Boll._, St Gilbert, Feb. 4, _Vita_, nr 2, ch. 3; Dugdale,
_Vita_, p. xi.
[594] The ‘precentrix’ is strictly speaking the leader of the choir. Cf.
below ch. 10 § 2.
[595] Dugdale, _Institutiones_, p. lxxxii.
[596] _Dict. of Nat. Biography._
[597] Ailred, _Opera_ (in Migne, _Patrol. Cursus comp._, vol. 195), p.
789. ‘De sanctimoniali de Wattun.’
[598] Oliver, G., _History of Beverley and Watton_, 1829, p. 520 ff.; cf.
above, p. 91.
[599] Dugdale, _Monasticon_, vol. 6, p. xcviii.
[600] Report in _Athenaeum_, Oct. 7, 1893.
[601] Oliver, G., _History of Beverley and Watton_, 1829, p. 531.
[602] Wattenbach, W., _Schriftwesen im Mittelalter_, 2nd edit. 1875, p.
374.
[603] Bock, F., _Geschichte der liturg. Gewänder_, 3 vols. 1866-71, vol.
1, p. 214.
[604] Cf. above, p. 122.
[605] Cf. above, pp. 122, 132.
[606] Cf. above, p. 109.
[607] Cf. above, p. 106.
[608] Michel, F., _Étoffes de soie au moyen âge_, 1852, vol. 2, p. 339,
contains this and other references.
[609] Eddi, _Vita Wilfredi_, c. 65 (it is unknown over which house she
presided).
[610] Cf. above, p. 63.
[611] Haddon and Stubbs, _Councils and Ecclesiastical Documents_, 1869.
[612] Cf. above, pp. 103, 115, 198, and below, ch. 11, § 1.
[613] Bock, F., _Geschichte der liturg. Gewänder_, 1866, vol. 1, p. 142.
[614] Michel, F., _Étoffes de soie pendant le moyen âge_, 1852, vol. 2, p.
340.
[615] Wharton, _Anglia Sacra_, vol. 1, p. 607.
[616] Michel, F., _Étoffes de soie pendant le moyen âge_, 1852, vol. 2, p.
338.
[617] Dugdale, _Monasticon_, ‘St Albans,’ vol. 2, p. 186 footnote.
[618] Middleton, J. H., _Illuminated MSS._, 1892, p. 112.
[619] For example in the South Kensington Museum, nr 594-1884, Italian
chasuble; nr 1321-1864, panel of canvas, from Bock’s Collection
(_Descriptive Catalogue of Tapestry and Embroidery_, 1888).
[620] Bock, F., _Geschichte der liturg. Gewänder_, 1866, vol. 1, p. 209,
suggests that gold plaques may have been sewn into the work.
[621] Cf. South Kensington Museum, nr 28-1892, a number of fragments of
textile linen worked over in coloured silks and gold thread with scenes
taken from the life of the Virgin. English work of the 14th century
(_Descriptive Catalogue of Tapestry and Embroidery_, 1888).
[622] Michel, F., _Étoffes de soie pendant le moyen âge_, 1852, vol. 2, p.
337, points out that the expression ‘opus anglicum’ was applied also to
the work of the goldsmith; comp. Ducange, _Glossarium_, ‘Anglicum.’
‘Loculus ille mirificus ... argento et auro gemmisque, anglico opere
subtilitater ac pulcherrime decoratus.’
[623] _Historia Major Angliae_, sub anno.
[624] South Kensington Museum, nr 83-1864 (_Descriptive Catalogue of
Tapestry and Embroidery_, 1888).
[625] Ibid. p. 168.
[626] _A. SS. Boll._, St Eustadiola, June 8. Vita, ch. 3.
[627] _A. SS. Boll._, SS. Herlindis et Renild, March 22, ch. 5 (videlicet
nendo et texendo, creando ac suendo, in auro quoque ac margaritis in
serico componendo).
[628] Ibid. ch. 12 (palliola ... multis modis variisque compositionibus
diversae artis innumerabilibus ornamentis).
[629] Stadler and Heim, _Vollständiges Heiligenlexicon_, 1858,
‘Harlindis.’
[630] _Zeitschrift für Christl. Archaeologie_, edit. Schnuetgen, 1856,
‘Münsterkirche in Essen,’ 1860, Beiträge.
[631] Labarte, _Arts industriels au moyen âge_, 1872, vol. 1, p. 341.
[632] Ibid. vol. 1, p. 84.
[633] Fritsch, _Geschichte des Reichstifts Quedlinburg_, 1828, vol. 2, p.
326.
[634] Bock, F., _Geschichte der liturg. Gewänder_, 1866, vol. 1, p. 155.
[635] Schultz, A., _Höfisches Leben zur Zeit der Minnesinger_, 1889, cites
many passages from the epics which refer to embroidery worn by heroes and
heroines. A piece of work of special beauty described vol. 1, p. 326, had
been made by an apostate nun.
[636] Ekkehard IV., c. 10, in Pertz, _Mon. Germ. Scriptores_, vol. 2, p.
123.
[637] Erath, _Codex diplom. Quedliburg._, 1764, p. 109.
[638] Brunner, S., _Kunstgenossen der Klosterzelle_, 1863, vol. 2, p. 555.
[639] Kugler, F., _Kleine Schriften_, 1853, vol. 1, pp. 635 ff.; part of
the hanging is given by Muentz, E., _Tapisseries, broderies et dentelles_,
1890, plate 2.
[640] Fritsch, _Geschichte des Reichstifts Quedlinburg_, 1828, vol. 1, p.
121.
[641] Kugler, F., _Kleine Schriften_, 1853, vol. 1, p. 540.
[642] Büsching, F. G., _Reise durch einige Münsterkirchen_, 1819, p. 235.
[643] Bock, F., _Geschichte der liturg. Gewänder_, 1866, vol. 1, p. 227.
[644] Bock, F., _Geschichte der liturg. Gewänder_, 1866, vol. 3, pp. 201
ff.
[645] Ibid. 1866, vol. 3, p. 202.
[646] Hefner, _Oberbair. Archiv_, 1830, vol. 1, p. 355.
[647] Westermayer in _Allgemeine Deutsche Biog._, article ‘Diemud’;
_Catalogus Cod. Lat. Bibliothecae Reg. Monac._, vol. 7, 1881, nrs 140,
146-154.
[648] Wattenbach, W., _Schriftwesen im Mittelalter_, 2nd edit. 1875, p.
374.
[649] Ibid. p. 177.
[650] Ibid. p. 304.
[651] Ibid. p. 374.
[652] Middleton, J. H., _Illuminated MSS._, 1892, p. 216.
[653] Michel, F., _Étoffes de soie pendant le moyen âge_, 1852, vol. 2, p.
350.
[654] _Reproductions par la Société pour la conservation des monuments de
l’Alsace_, Sept livraisons containing Plates 1-53 inclusive (till 1895).
[655] Silbermann, J. A., _Beschreibung von Hohenburg_, 1781.
[656] Roth, K. L., ‘Der Odilienberg’ in _Alsatia_, 1856, vol. 1, pp. 91
ff.
[657] Comp. above, pp. 22, 24.
[658] Wiegand, in _Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie_, article ‘Relind.’
[659] It is possible but hardly probable that the miniaturist in colouring
the picture gave free play to his fancy.
[660] Gérard, Ch., _Les artistes de l’Alsace_, 1872, p. 92.
[661] Ibid.; Engelhardt, _Herrad von Landsperg und ihr Werk_, 1818. p. 16,
footnote.
[662] The monument is represented in Schoepflin, _Alsatia Illustrata_,
1751, vol. 1, ad pag. 797.
[663] Engelhardt, _Herrad von Landsperg und ihr Werk_, 1818, with sheets
of illustrations, which in a few copies are coloured.
[664] Woltman, in _Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie_, article ‘Herrad.’
[665] Engelhardt, _Herrad von Landsperg und ihr Werk_, 1818, Vorwort p.
xi.
[666] Cf. above, p. 180.
[667] Engelhardt, _Herrad von Landsperg und ihr Werk_, 1818, p. 104.
[668] Piper, F., _Kalendarien und Martyrologien der Angelsachsen_, 1862.
[669] Apparently following the ‘Psychomachia’ of Prudentius, a Christian
poet of the 5th century.
[670] Gérard, Ch., _Les artistes de l’Alsace_, 1872, Introd. p. xix., p.
46, footnote.
[671] Probably with reference to Job xxxix., 14-15.
[672] Hildegardis, _Opera_, 1882 (in Migne, _Patrol. Cursus Compl._, vol.
197, which contains the acts of the saint reprinted from _A. SS. Boll._,
St Hildegardis, Sept. 17; her life written by Godefrid and Theodor; the
‘Acta Inquisitionis’; the article by Dr Reuss, and the fullest collection
of the saint’s works hitherto published).
[673] Roth, F. W., _Die Visionen der heil. Elisabeth und die Schriften von
Ekbert und Emecho von Schönau_, 1884.
[674] ‘Annales Palidenses’ in Pertz, _Mon. Germ. Script._, vol. 16, p. 90.
[675] Neander, _Der heil. Bernard und seine Zeit_, 1848.
[676] _Opera_ (_Vita_, c. 17), p. 104.
[677] _Opera_, ‘Scivias,’ pp. 383-738.
[678] Ibid. (_Vita_, c. 5), p. 94.
[679] Giesebrecht, W., _Geschichte der deutschen Kaiserzeit_, vol. 4, p.
505.
[680] _Opera_ (Epist. nr 29), p. 189.
[681] _Opera_ (Responsum), p. 189.
[682] Ibid. ‘Epistolae,’ pp. 1-382.
[683] Linde, _Handschriften der königl. Bibliothek in Wiesbaden_, 1877,
pp. 19 ff.
[684] Ibid. pp. 53 ff.
[685] Schneegans, W., _Kloster Disibodenberg_; Schmelzeis, _Das Leben und
Wirken der heil. Hildegardis_, 1879, pp. 45 ff.
[686] _Opera_ (Responsum to Bernard), p. 190.
[687] Ibid. (_Vita_ c. 14), p. 101.
[688] Ibid. (_Vita_ c. 19), p. 105.
[689] Schmelzeis, _Das Leben und Wirken der heil. Hildegardis_, 1879, p.
53.
[690] _Opera_ (_Vita_ c. 21), p. 106.
[691] Ibid.
[692] Ibid. (Acta Inquisitionis), p. 136.
[693] Ibid. (Epist. nr 4), p. 154.
[694] _Opera_, p. 383.
[695] _Opera_ (lib. 2, visio 7), p. 555.
[696] _Opera_ (lib. 3, visio 11), p. 709.
[697] _Opera_ (lib. 3, visio 13), p. 733.
[698] _Opera_ (Epist. nr 1), p. 145.
[699] _Opera_ (Responsum), p. 145.
[700] This interpretation is given by Schmelzeis, _Das Leben und Wirken
der heil. Hildegardis_, 1879, p. 157.
[701] Jessen, ‘Ueber die medic. naturhist. Werke der heil. Hildegardis,’
in _Kaiserl. Acad. der Wissenschaften, Wien, Naturwissensch. Abth._ vol.
45 (1862), pp. 97 ff.
[702] _Opera_, ‘Physica,’ pp. 1117-1352.
[703] Virchow, R., ‘Zur Geschichte des Aussatzes, besonders im
Mittelalter,’ in _Archiv für pathol. Anatomie_, vol. 18, p. 286.
[704] Haeser, H., _Lehrbuch der Geschichte der Medizin_, 1875, vol. 1, p.
640.
[705] Jessen, _Botanik der Gegenwart und Vorzeit_, 1864, pp. 120-127.
[706] Linde, _Handschriften der königl. Bibliothek in Wiesbaden_, 1877, p.
83; an example of the musical notation as an appendix in Schmelzeis, _Das
Leben und Wirken der heil. Hildegardis_, 1879.
[707] Linde, _Handschriften der königl. Bibliothek in Wiesbaden_, 1877, p.
78, ‘Expositiones Evangeliorum.’
[708] _Opera_, ‘Explanatio regulae St Benedicti,’ pp. 1053-1069.
[709] Ibid. ‘Explanatio symboli St Athanasii,’ pp. 1066-1093.
[710] Linde, _Handschriften der königl. Bibliothek in Wiesbaden_, 1877, p.
38.
[711] _Opera_, ‘Solutiones triginta octo quaestionum,’ pp. 1038-1053.
[712] Linde, _Handschriften der königl. Bibliothek in Wiesbaden_, 1877, p.
79.
[713] _Opera_ (Epist. nr 12), p. 164.
[714] Ibid. (Epist. nr 6), p. 157.
[715] Ibid. (Epist. nr 11), p. 163.
[716] _Opera_ (Epist. nr 62), p. 281.
[717] Ibid. (Epist. nr 49), p. 253.
[718] Ibid. (Epist. nr 22), p. 178.
[719] Ibid. (Epist. nr 5), p. 156.
[720] Ibid. (Epist. nr 10), p. 161.
[721] _Opera_ (Epist. nr 100), p. 321.
[722] Ibid. (Epist. nr 101), p. 322.
[723] Ibid. (Epist. nr 96), p. 317.
[724] Ibid. (Epist. nr 48), p. 243; cf. below, p. 281.
[725] Ibid. (_Vita_, c. 44), p. 122; also p. 142 (Reuss here
misunderstands the _Acta Inquisitionis_, p. 138), comp. Schmelzeis, _Das
Leben und Wirken der heil. Hildegardis_, 1879, pp. 538 ff.
[726] _Opera_, ‘Liber divinorum Operum,’ pp. 739-1037.
[727] Ibid. (visio 4), pp. 807 ff.
[728] _Opera_ (visio 5, c. 36), p. 934.
[729] Ibid. (visio 5, c. 43), p. 945.
[730] Ibid. (visio 10, c. 25), p. 1026.
[731] Linde, _Handschriften der königl. Bibliothek in Wiesbaden_, 1877,
pp. 95 ff.
[732] Line 1401.
[733] Cf. _The Nunns prophesie ... concerning the rise and downfall of ...
the ... Jesuits_, 1680.
[734] _Prédictions sur la révolution de la Belgique._ Amsterdam, 1832.
[735] _Opera_, ‘Vita St Rupertis,’ pp. 1081-1092.
[736] Ibid. ‘Vita St Disibodi,’ pp. 1093-1116.
[737] Linde, _Handschriften der königl. Bibliothek in Wiesbaden_, 1877, p.
75, footnote.
[738] _Opera_, p. 90; _A. SS. Boll._ St Hildegardis, Sept. 17.
[739] Schmelzeis, _Das Leben und Wirken der heil. Hildegardis_, 1879.
[740] Linde, _Handschriften der königl. Bibliothek in Wiesbaden_, 1877.
[741] _Opera_, p. 140, footnote.
[742] Roth, F. W. E., _Die Visionen der heil. Elisabeth_ etc. 1884,
Vorwort, p. cv.
[743] Roth, _Die Visionen der heil. Elisabeth_ etc. 1884, Vorwort, pp.
cvii. ff.
[744] Ibid. ‘Liber Visionum primus,’ Prologus, p. 1.
[745] Ibid. ‘Liber Visionum secundus,’ c. 31, p. 53; Anlage, p. 153.
[746] Ibid. ‘Liber Viarum Dei,’ pp. 88-122.
[747] Ibid. Vorwort, p. cix.
[748] Ibid. ‘Liber Viarum Dei,’ c. 10, p. 92.
[749] Roth, _Die Visionen der heil. Elisabeth_ etc. 1884, ‘Liber Viarum
Dei,’ c. 13, p. 100.
[750] Ibid. p. 104.
[751] Roth, _Die Visionen der heil. Elisabeth_ etc. 1884, ‘Liber Viarum
Dei,’ c. 20, p. 122.
[752] Ibid. pp. 70, 178.
[753] Ibid. p. 74.
[754] Ibid. ‘De Sacro Exercitu Virginum Coloniensium,’ pp. 123-153.
[755] Ibid. Vorwort, pp. cxi ff. Roth discusses the history of the
development of this legend.
[756] Comp. above, p. 40.
[757] _A. SS. Boll._, St Ursula, Oct. 21.
[758] Roth, _Die Visionen der heil. Elisabeth_ etc. 1884, Vorwort, p.
cxxiv; Hardy, Th. D., _Descriptive catalogue of MS. material_, 1858, vol.
2, p. 417.
[759] Roth, _Die Visionen der heil. Elisabeth_ etc. 1884, p. 253.
[760] _A. SS. Boll._, St Elisabetha, June 18.
[761] _A. SS. Boll._, St Severinus, Jan. 8.
[762] _A. SS. Boll._, St Magnericus, July 25, _Vita_, c. 49.
[763] Creighton, C., _History of Epidemics in England_, vol. 1, 1891, p.
85.
[764] Ibid. p. 97.
[765] Muratori, _Antiquitates Italiae_, 1738. Pope Hadrian I to Karl the
Great, vol. 3, p. 581.
[766] Salles, F., _Annales de l’ordre de Malte, ou des hospitaliers de St
Jean de Jérusalem_, 1889.
[767] Dugdale, _Monasticon_, ‘Hospital of St Gregory,’ vol. 6, p. 615, nr
1.
[768] Dugdale, _Monasticon_, ‘Herbaldoun,’ vol. 6, p. 653; Creighton, C.,
_History of Epidemics_, vol. 1, 1891, p. 87.
[769] Map, W., _De Nugis Curialium_, 1850, p. 228.
[770] Ailred, _Opera_ (in Migne, _Patrol. Cursus Completus_, vol. 195), p.
368.
[771] Dugdale, _Monasticon_, ‘St Giles in the Fields,’ vol. 6, p. 635.
[772] Creighton, C., _History of Epidemics in England_, vol. 1, 1891, p.
88.
[773] Hormayr, ‘Die Grafen von Andechs und Tyrol,’ _Sämtl. Werke_, vol. 3.
[774] Virchow, R., ‘Zur Geschichte des Aussatzes, besonders in
Deutschland,’ in _Archiv für pathol. Anatomie_, vol. 18, article 2, p.
311.
[775] _Allgemeine deutsche Biographie_, article ‘Hedwig.’
[776] Stenzel, G. A. H., _Scriptores rerum Siles._, Breslau 1835, ‘Vita St
Hedwigis’ vol. 2, pp. 1-114; also _A. SS. Boll._, St Hedwig, Oct. 17.
[777] _Verein für das Museum schles. Alterthümer_, edit. Luchs, H., 1870.
Also Luchs, H., _Schlesische Fürstenbilder_, 1872.
[778] Virchow, R., ‘Zur Geschichte des Aussatzes, besonders in
Deutschland,’ in _Archiv für pathol. Anatomie_, vol. 18, article 2, p.
275.
[779] Wolfskron, _Bilder der Hedwigslegende_, 1846.
[780] Stenzel, G. A. H., _Scriptores rer. Siles._, 1835, ‘Vita Annae
ducissae Sil.’ vol. 2, p. 127.
[781] _A. SS. Boll._, St Agnes de Bohemia, March 6, print two accounts, of
uncertain date.
[782] _A. SS. Boll._, Ibid., print these letters.
[783] _A. SS. Boll._, Ibid., _Vita_ 1, ch. 32.
[784] Montalembert, C., _Histoire de Ste Elisabeth de Hongrie, duchesse de
Thuringe_, edition de luxe 1878, with preface by Gautier, contains
reproductions of some of those pictures; Potthast, A., _Wegweiser_,
enumerates a number of accounts of the life of St Elisabeth.
[785] Rieger, L., prints this ‘Leben der heil. Elisabeth’ in _Literarisch.
Verein_, 1843, and discusses early MS. accounts of her life.
[786] Justi, C. W., _Elisabeth, die Heilige_, 1797.
[787] Montalembert, C., _Histoire de Ste Elisabeth de Hongrie_, 1836, 7th
edit. 1855.
[788] Wegele, F. X., ‘Die heil. Elisabeth von Thüringen’ in Sybel,
_Historische Zeitschrift_, 1861, pp. 351-397, which I have followed in the
text.
[789] Virchow, R., ‘Zur Geschichte des Aussatzes, besonders in
Deutschland,’ in _Archiv für pathol. Anatomie_, vol. 18, article 2, p.
313.
[790] _Allgemeine deutsche Biographie_, article ‘Konrad von Marburg.’
[791] Hauréau, _Histoire de la philosophie scolastique_, 1850, vol. 1, pp.
319 ff.
[792] _Dictionary of National Biography_, article ‘Hales, Thomas.’
[793] ‘A luve ron,’ edit. Morris, _Old English Miscellany_, p. 93, for the
Early Engl. Text Soc. 1872.
[794] Edit. Morton for the Camden Soc. 1853.
[795] ‘Die angelsächsischen Prosabearbeitungen der Benedictinerregel,’
edit. Schröer, 1885 (in Grein, _Bibliothek der angels. Prosa_, vol. 2), p.
9.
[796] Schröer, Winteney _Version der Regula St Benedicti_, 1888, p. 13.
[797] ‘De vita eremetica’ (in Migne, _Patrol. Cursus Compl._, vol. 32, by
an oversight it is included among the works of St Augustine), p. 145.
[798] Anselm, _Opera_ (in Migne, _Patrol. Cursus Compl._, vol. 158),
‘Meditationes’ (nr 15-17), pp. 786 ff.
[799] Edit. Koelbing, _Englische Studien_, vol. 7, p. 304.
[800] _Scenes and characters of the Middle Ages_, 1872, pp. 93-151.
[801] Wilkins, D., _Concilia_, 1737, vol. 1, p. 693.
[802] Brink, B. ten, _Early English Literature_, trans. Kennedy, 1883, p.
205.
[803] First advanced by Morton, _Ancren Riwle_, Introd. pp. xii-xv; it is
supported neither by tradition nor by documentary evidence.
[804] Dalgairns, Introd. to Hylton, _Scale of Perfection_, 1870, thinks it
possible that the author was a Dominican friar.
[805] Comp. throughout _Ancren Riwle_, edit. Morton for the Camden Soc.
1853.
[806] That is bands or ligatures to be used after the letting of blood.
[807] _Old English Homilies_, First Series, edit. Morris, 1867, p. 268.
[808] _Hali Meidenhad_, edit. Cockayne, for the Early English Text Soc.,
1866.
[809] Comp. _Revelationes Gertrudianae ac Mechtildianae_, edit. Oudin, for
the Benedictines of Solesmes 1875, 2 vols., which contain the works of
these three nuns; Mechthild von Magdeburg, _Offenbarungen, oder Das
Fliessende Licht der Gottheit_, edit. Gall Morel, 1869; Preger, W.,
_Geschichte der deutschen Mystik im Mittelalter_, 1874, vol. 1, pp.
70-132.
[810] _Revelationes_, etc. edit. Oudin, vol. 1, Praefatio.
[811] Ibid. vol. 1, pp. 497 ff.
[812] Comp. Preger, ‘Dante’s Matelda,’ Acad. Vortrag, 1873; Paquelin and
Scartazzini, ‘Zur Matelda-Frage’ in _Jahrbuch der Dante Gesellschaft_,
Berlin, 1877, pp. 405, 411; Lubin, _Osservazioni sulla Matilda svelata_,
1878.
[813] _Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie_, article ‘Mechthild’ by Strauch,
Ph.
[814] Keller, L., _Die Reformation und die älteren Reformparteien_, 1885,
pp. 29 ff.; also Hallman, E., _Geschichte des Ursprungs der Beguinen_,
1843.
[815] Mechthild von Magdeburg, _Offenbarungen, oder Das Fliessende Licht
der Gottheit_, edit. Gall Morel, 1869; the abridged Latin version in
_Revelationes_, etc. edit. Oudin, vol. 2, pp. 423-710.
[816] Heinrich not to be confounded with Heinrich who translated her work.
[817] _Revelationes_, etc. edit. Oudin, vol. 2, pp. 298, 329, 332, etc.
[818] Ibid. vol. 1, p. 542; vol. 2, pp. 325, 330.
[819] Mechthild, _Offenbarungen_, etc. edit. Gall Morel, p. 3 ‘Wie die
minne und die kuneginne zesamene sprachen.’
[820] Ibid. p. 6 ‘Von den megden der seele und von der minne schlage.’
[821] Ibid. p. 18 ‘Von der minne weg,’ etc.
[822] Mechthild, _Offenbarungen_, p. 43 ‘Wie die minne vraget,’ etc.
[823] Ibid. p. 38 ‘Wie die bekantnisse und die sele sprechent zesamne,’
etc.
[824] Ibid. p. 232 ‘Wie bekantnisse sprichet zu dem gewissede.’
[825] Ibid. p. 30 ‘Von der armen dirnen’ (I have retained the designation
‘saint’ where it is used in the allegory).
[826] Mechthild, _Offenbarungen_, p. 210 ‘Da Johannes Baptista der armen
dirnen messe sang.’
[827] Ibid. p. 46 ‘Wie sich die minnende sele gesellet gotte,’ etc.
[828] Ibid. p. 82 ‘Von der helle,’ etc.
[829] Ibid. p. 270 ‘Ein wenig von dem paradyso.’
[830] Mechthild, _Offenbarungen_, p. 52 ‘Von diseme buche,’ etc.
[831] Ibid. p. 90 ‘Dis buch ist von gotte komen,’ etc.
[832] Mechthild, _Offenbarungen_, p. 110 ‘Von einer vrowe, etc.’
[833] Ibid. p. 68 ‘Von siben dingen die alle priester sollent haben.’
[834] Ibid. p. 171 ‘Wie ein prior, etc.’; p. 177 ‘Von der regele eines
kanoniken, etc.’; p. 178 ‘Got gebet herschaft.’
[835] Ibid. p. 198 ‘Wie böse pfafheit sol genidert werden.’
[836] _Revelationes_, etc. edit. Oudin, vol. 2, p. 524.
[837] Mechthild, _Offenbarungen_, p. 115 ‘Von sehs tugenden St Domenicus’;
p. 116 ‘Dur sehszehen ding hat got predierorden liep’; ibid. ‘Von
vierhande crone bruder Heinrichs’; p. 154 ‘Von sehsleie kleider, etc.’
[838] Ibid. p. 166 ‘Von funfleie nuwe heligen.’
[839] _A. SS. Boll._, St Peter of the Dominican Order, April 29.
[840] Ibid., St Jutta vidua, May 5, appendix.
[841] Mechthild, _Offenbarungen_, p. 256 ‘Wie ein predierbruder wart
gesehen.’
[842] Mechthild, _Offenbarungen_, p. 243 ‘Von der not eines urluges.’
[843] Ibid. p. 249 ‘Von einem geistlichen closter.’
[844] Comp. below, ch. 11, § 1.
[845] Mechthild, _Offenbarungen_, p. 68 ‘Von dem angenge aller dinge’; p.
107 ‘Von der heligen drivaltekeit, etc.’; p. 147 ‘Von sante marien gebet,
etc.’
[846] Ibid. p. 14 ‘In disen weg zuhet die sele, etc.’
[847] Ibid. p. 16 ‘Von der pfrunde trost und minne.’
[848] Mechthild, _Offenbarungen_, p. 98 ‘Von zwein ungeleichen dingen,
etc.’
[849] Ibid. p. 214 ‘Bekorunge, die welt und ein gut ende prüfent uns.’
[850] ‘Liber Specialis Gratiae,’ in _Revelationes_, etc. edit. Oudin, vol.
2, pp. 1-421.
[851] _Revelationes_, etc. edit. Oudin, vol. 2, p. 727.
[852] Preger, W., _Geschichte der deutschen Mystik im Mittelalter_, 1874,
vol. 1, p. 87.
[853] _Revelationes_, etc. edit. Oudin, vol. 2 (‘Liber Specialis Gratiae,’
bk 1, ch. 30, De angelis), p. 102.
[854] _Revelationes_, etc. edit. Oudin, vol. 2 (‘Liber Specialis Gratiae,’
bk 2, ch. 2, De vinea domini), p. 137.
[855] Cf. Gal. v. 22-3, to which Mechthild adds.
[856] _Revelationes_, etc. edit. Oudin, vol. 2 (‘Liber Specialis Gratiae,’
bk 1, ch. 10, De veneratione imaginis Christi), p. 31.
[857] Ibid. vol. 2 (‘Liber Specialis Gratiae,’ bk 2, ch. 23, De coquina
domini), p. 165.
[858] _Revelationes_, etc. edit. Oudin, vol. 2 (bk 2, ch. 43, De nomine et
utilitate hujus libri), p. 192.
[859] Ibid. vol. 1, pp. 46, 269.
[860] Ibid. vol. 1, p. 218.
[861] _Revelationes_, etc. edit. Oudin, vol. 1, pp. 1 ff. on her life.
[862] Ibid. vol. 1, p. 14.
[863] Ibid. vol. 1, p. 23.
[864] Ibid. vol. 1, p. 227.
[865] Ibid. vol. 1, p. 27.
[866] Ibid. vol. 1, p. 39.
[867] ‘Legatus Divinae Pietatis’ in _Revelationes_, etc. edit. Oudin, vol.
1, pp. 1 ff.
[868] ‘Legatus Divinae Pietatis’ in _Revelationes_, etc. edit. Oudin, vol.
1, p. 61.
[869] _Revelationes_, etc. edit. Oudin, vol. 1, p. 113.
[870] _Revelationes_, etc. edit. Oudin, vol. 1, p. 351.
[871] Preger, W., _Geschichte der deutschen Mystik im Mittelalter_, 1874,
vol. 1, p. 78.
[872] ‘Exercitia Spiritualia,’ in _Revelationes_, etc. edit. Oudin, vol.
1, pp. 617-720.
[873] Ibid. pp. 701 ff.
[874] Dugdale, _Monasticon_, ‘Rumsey,’ vol. 2, p. 507 footnote.
[875] Ibid. ‘Davington,’ vol. 4, p. 288.
[876] Ibid. ‘Sopwell,’ vol. 3, p. 365, charter nr 7.
[877] Jusserand, J., _Histoire littéraire du Peuple Anglais_, 1894, pp.
121 ff., 235 ff.
[878] _Romania_, edit. Meyer et Paris, vol. 13, p. 400.
[879] Dugdale, _Monasticon_, ‘Ankerwyke,’ vol. 4, p. 229, charter nr 4.
[880] Dugdale, _Monasticon_, ‘Shaftesbury,’ vol. 2, p. 471, charter nr 21.
[881] Ibid. ‘Barking,’ vol. 1, p. 441.
[882] Ibid. ‘Legh,’ vol. 6, p. 333, footnote _t_. MS. Harleian 3660.
[883] Bateson, M., ‘Register of Crabhouse Nunnery’ (no date), _Norfolk and
Norwich Archæol. Society_.
[884] Dugdale, _Monasticon_, ‘Littlemore,’ vol. 4, p. 490, charter nr 14.
[885] Koelbing, _Englische Studien_, vol. 2, pp. 60 ff.
[886] This supposition is based on certain peculiarities in the language
of the rule for men. Cf. ‘Die angelsächsischen Prosabearbeitungen der
Benedictinerregel,’ edit. Schröer, 1885 (in Grein, _Bibliotek der angels.
Prosa_, vol. 2) Einleitung, p. xviii.
[887] Dugdale, _Monasticon_, ‘Godstow,’ vol. 4, p. 357, charter nr 23.
[888] Lansdowne MS. 436.
[889] _Early English Text Soc._, nr 100. Arundel MS. 396.
[890] Dugdale, _Monasticon_, ‘Kilburn,’ vol. 3, p. 424.
[891] Blaauw, W. H., ‘Episcopal visitations of the Benedictine nunnery of
Easebourne’ in _Sussex Arch. Collections_, vol. 9, p. 12. According to
Bradshaw, H., ‘Note on service books’ (printed as an appendix in
Middleton, J. H., _Illuminated Manuscripts_, 1892) the missal was used for
celebration of the mass; while the breviary contained the services for the
hours, including the _antiphony_ (anthems to the psalms)--the _legenda_
(long lessons used at matins),--the psalter (psalms arranged for use at
hours),--and the collects (short lessons used at all the hours except
matins). In the list above, these are enumerated as separate books. He
further says that the _ordinale_ contained general rules for the right
understanding and use of the service books. It is noteworthy that this is
in French in the list of books at Easebourne.
[892] Maskell, W., _Monumenta Ritualia_, 1882, vol. 3, p. 357 footnotes.
[893] _Placita de Quo Warranto_ published by Command.
[894] _Placita de Quo Warranto_, pp. 11, 97, 232, 233.
[895] Dugdale, _Monasticon_, ‘Malling,’ vol. 3, p. 381, charter nr 5.
[896] Ibid. ‘Stratford,’ vol. 4, p. 119, charter nr 3.
[897] Ibid. ‘Wroxhall,’ vol. 4, p. 88.
[898] Ibid. ‘Redlingfield,’ vol. 4, p. 25, charter nr 2.
[899] Gasquet, A., _Henry VIII and the English Monasteries_, 1888,
appendices to vols. 1 and 2.
[900] The word ‘mynchyn’ was I believe never applied to them.
[901] Holstenius, _Codex regularum_, 1759, vol. 3, p. 34.
[902] Cf. above, p. 204.
[903] Dugdale, _Monasticon_, ‘Shaftesbury,’ vol. 2, p. 473.
[904] Dugdale, _Monasticon_, ‘St Mary Prée,’ vol. 3, p. 353, charter nr 9.
[905] Ibid. ‘Shaftesbury,’ vol. 2, p. 474.
[906] Blaauw, W. H., ‘Episcopal Visitations of the Benedictine Nunnery of
Easebourne,’ _Sussex Archæol. Collections_, vol. 9, p. 7.
[907] Dugdale, _Monasticon_, ‘St Mary Winchester,’ vol. 2, p. 452,
footnote.
[908] Ibid. ‘Shaftesbury,’ vol. 2, p. 473.
[909] Ibid. ‘Barking,’ vol. 1, p. 441, charter nr 8.
[910] Schröer, _Winteney Version der regula St Benedicti_, 1888, p. 16.
[911] Edit. Koelbing, _Englische Studien_, vol. 2, pp. 60 ff. (line
references in the text throughout this section are to this version).
[912] Shermann, A. J., _Hist. Coll. Jesus Cantab._, edit. Halliwell, 1840,
p. 16.
[913] Dugdale, _Monasticon_, ‘Langley,’ vol. 4, p. 220.
[914] Maskell, W., _Monumenta Ritualia_, 1882, vol. 3, p. 358 footnote.
[915] Cf. above, p. 206.
[916] Dugdale, _Monasticon_, ‘Catesby,’ vol. 4, p. 635.
[917] Dugdale, _Monasticon_, ‘Bromhall,’ vol. 4, p. 506.
[918] Jessopp, A., _Visitations of the Diocese of Norwich (1492-1532)_,
pp. 185, 190, 318.
[919] Dugdale, _Monasticon_, ‘Wilton,’ vol. 2, p. 317.
[920] Benedictus, _Regula_, c. 65 (in Migne, _Patrol. Cursus Compl._ vol.
66).
[921] Dugdale, _Monasticon_, ‘Barking,’ vol. 1, p. 437, footnote _k_.
[922] Dugdale, _Monasticon_, ‘Barking,’ vol. 1, p. 445 Computus.
[923] Dugdale, _Monasticon_, charter nr 15.
[924] I am unable to ascertain the quantity indicated by the ‘piece.’
[925] I am unable to ascertain the difference between ‘stubbe’ and
‘shafte.’
[926] Rogers, Th., _Six Centuries of Work and Wages_, 1884, p. 101.
[927] Dugdale, _Monasticon_, ‘St Mary’s, Winchester,’ vol. 2, p. 451,
charter nr 4.
[928] Jessopp, A., _Visitations of the Diocese of Norwich (1492-1532)_, p.
290.
[929] Dugdale, _Monasticon_, ‘Shaftesbury,’ vol. 2, p. 472.
[930] Ibid. ‘St Mary, Winchester,’ vol. 2, p. 451, charter nr 4.
[931] Ibid. ‘Kilburn,’ vol. 3, p. 424.
[932] Blaauw, W. A., ‘Episcopal Visitations of the Benedictine Nunnery of
Easebourne,’ _Sussex Arch. Collections_, vol. 9, p. 15.
[933] Jessopp, A., _Visitations of the Diocese of Norwich (1492-1532)_, p.
138.
[934] Dugdale, _Monasticon_, ‘Elstow,’ vol. 3, p. 411, charter nr 8.
[935] Ibid. ‘Barking,’ vol. 1, p. 438, footnote _b_.
[936] ‘Here begynneth a matere’ etc. (by John Alcock (?)), printed by
Wynkyn de Worde (1500), last page but one.
[937] _Six Centuries of Work and Wages_, 1884, p. 166.
[938] Rye, W., _Carrow Abbey_, 1889, p. 48 ff.
[939] Skelton, _Poetical Works_, 1843, vol. 1, p. 51, ‘Phyllyp Sparowe.’
[940] Dugdale, _Monasticon_, ‘Rumsey,’ vol. 2, p. 507, footnote _p_.
[941] Jessopp, A., _Visitations of the Diocese of Norwich (1492-1532)_, p.
140.
[942] Dugdale, _Monasticon_, ‘St Helen’s,’ vol. 4, p. 551, charter nr 3.
[943] Ibid. ‘Barking,’ vol. 1, p. 437, footnote _m_.
[944] Fosbroke, _British Monachism_, 1843, p. 176.
[945] Way, A., ‘Notices of the Benedictine Priory of St Mary Magdalen, at
Rusper,’ _Sussex Arch. Collections_, vol. 5, p. 256.
[946] Bateson, M., ‘Visitations of Archbishop Warham in 1511,’ in _English
Hist. Review_, vol. 6, 1891, p. 28.
[947] Maskell, W., _Monumenta Rit._, 1882, vol. 3, p. 331, ‘The order of
consecration of Nuns,’ from Cambridge Fol. Mm. 3. 13, and Lansdown MS.,
388; p. 360 ‘The manner to make a Nun,’ from Cotton MS., Vespasian A. 25,
fol. 12.
[948] Dugdale, _Monasticon_, ‘Chatteris,’ vol. 2, p. 614.
[949] Way, A., ‘Notices of the Benedictine Priory of St Mary Magdalen at
Rusper,’ _Sussex Arch. Collections_, vol. 5, p. 256.
[950] Comp. Smith and Cheetham, _Dictionary of Christian Antiquities_,
1875, article ‘Hours of Prayer.’
[951] Aungier, G. J., _History and Antiquities of Syon_, 1840; _Myroure of
Oure Ladye_, Early English Text Soc., 1873, Introduction by Blunt, J. H.
[952] Hammerich, _Den hellige Birgitta_, 1863.
[953] _A. SS. Boll._, St Birgitta vidua, Oct. 8.
[954] _Myroure of Oure Ladye_, Introd. p. xiv.
[955] Gasquet, A., _Henry VIII and the English Monasteries_, 1888, vol. 1,
p. 42.
[956] Dugdale, _Monasticon_, ‘Amesbury,’ vol. 1, p. 333.
[957] Ibid. ‘Westwood,’ vol. 6, p. 1004.
[958] Ibid. ‘Levenestre,’ vol. 6, p. 1032.
[959] Aungier, G. J., _History and Antiquities of Syon_, 1840, p. 249 ff.,
from Arundel MS. nr 146 (chapter references throughout the text in this
chapter are to this reprint).
[960] _Myroure of Oure Ladye_, Introd. p. xxxv.
[961] Aungier, G. J., _History and Antiquities of Syon_, 1840, pp. 312
ff., from Additional MS. nr 5208.
[962] Aungier, G. J., _History and Antiquities of Syon_, 1840, pp. 405 ff.
‘A table of signs.’
[963] _Myroure of Oure Ladye_, Introd. p. xxvi.
[964] _Myroure of Oure Ladye_, Introd. p. xxix.
[965] Aungier, G. J., _History and Antiquities of Syon_, 1840, p. 421,
‘Indulgentia monasterii de Syon,’ MS. Ashmol. nr 750; p. 422, ‘The Pardon
of the monastery of Shene which is Syon,’ MS. Harleian 4012, art. 9.
[966] Ibid. p. 426, footnotes.
[967] _Myroure of Oure Ladye_, Introd. p. xlv. B. M. Addit. MS., nr 22285.
[968] Printed by Wynkyn de Worde (?), 1526; reprinted for the Bradshaw
Society, 1893.
[969] Aungier, G. J., _History and Antiquities of Syon_, 1840, p. 529. MS.
Harleian 2321, fol. 17 ff.
[970] Ibid. p. 527.
[971] Ibid. p. 527.
[972] Ibid. p. 526.
[973] _Myroure of Oure Ladye_, Introd. p. ix.
[974] Ibid. p. 2.
[975] _Myroure of Oure Ladye_, pp. 65 ff.
[976] Dugdale, _Monasticon_, ‘Godstow,’ vol. 4, p. 357, Charter nr 16.
[977] Ibid. ‘St Radegund’s,’ vol. 4, p. 215, Charter nr 3.
[978] Ducange, ‘burnetum, pannus ex lana tincta confectus.’
[979] Dugdale, _Monasticon_, ‘Rumsey,’ vol. 2, p. 507, footnote _p_.
[980] Ibid. ‘Swine,’ vol. 5, p. 493.
[981] Ibid. ‘Sopwell,’ vol. 3, p. 362, charter nr 7.
[982] Ibid. ‘Chatteris,’ vol. 2, p. 614, charter nr 11.
[983] Ibid. ‘Nun-Monkton,’ vol. 4, p. 192, charter nr 2.
[984] Gasquet, A., _The Great Pestilence_, 1893, Introd. p. xvi.
[985] Dugdale, _Monasticon_, ‘Thetford,’ vol. 4, p. 475.
[986] Jessopp, A., _Visitations of the Diocese of Norwich, 1492-1532_, pp.
90, 155.
[987] Dugdale, _Monasticon_, ‘Malling,’ vol. 3, p. 382; Gasquet, A., _The
Great Pestilence_, 1893, pp. 104, 106.
[988] Gasquet, p. 137.
[989] Dugdale, _Monasticon_, ‘Wyrthorp,’ vol. 4, p. 266.
[990] Ibid. ‘Seton,’ vol. 4, p. 226, charter nr 2.
[991] Ibid. ‘St Sepulchre’s,’ vol. 4, p. 413, footnote _l_.
[992] Way, A., ‘Notices of the Benedictine Priory of St Mary Magdalen at
Rusper,’ _Sussex Archæol. Collections_, vol. 5, p. 244; Dugdale,
_Monasticon_, ‘Rusper,’ vol. 4, p. 586.
[993] Blaauw, W. H., ‘Episcopal Visitations of the Priory of Easebourne,’
_Sussex Archæol. Collections_, vol. 9, pp. 1-32; Dugdale, _Monasticon_,
‘Easebourn,’ vol. 4, p. 423.
[994] Dugdale, _Monasticon_, ‘Sele,’ vol. 4, p. 668.
[995] Dugdale, _Monasticon_, ‘St John’s,’ vol. 6, p. 678.
[996] Ibid. ‘Selbourne,’ vol. 6, p. 510.
[997] Gasquet, A., _Henry VIII. and the English Monasteries_, 1888, vol.
1, p. 52.
[998] Wilkins, D., _Concilia_, 1737, vol. 3, pp. 413, 419, 462.
[999] Dugdale, _Monasticon_, ‘St Albans,’ vol. 2, p. 205.
[1000] Wilkins, D., _Concilia_, 1737, vol. 3, p. 390.
[1001] Ibid. 1737, vol. 3, p. 630.
[1002] Ibid. Year 1490, vol. 3, p. 632. Froude without taking into
consideration the circumstances under which this letter was penned takes
its contents as conclusive evidence of the abuses of the monastic system
at the time of the Reformation. Comp. _History of England_, 1893, vol. 2,
p. 304; _Life and Letters of Erasmus_, 1894, p. 18.
[1003] Newcome, P., _History of the Abbacy of St Albans_, 1793, p. 399.
[1004] Dugdale, _Monasticon_, ‘St Albans,’ vol. 2, p. 206, footnote _c_;
‘the Book of Ramryge,’ MS. Cotton. Nero D. VII.
[1005] Dugdale, _Monasticon_, ‘St Mary de Prée,’ vol. 3, p. 353, charter
nr 9.
[1006] Ibid. ‘Sopwell,’ vol. 3, p. 363.
[1007] ‘Land of Cockayne,’ in _Early English Lives of Saints_, etc.,
Philological Society, 1858, p. 156.
[1008] ‘Why I cannot be a nun,’ in _Early English Lives of Saints_, etc.,
Philological Society, 1858, p. 138.
[1009] Comp. above, pp. 339, 377.
[1010] Möhler, J. A., _Kirchengeschichte_, edit. 1867, vol. 2, pp. 612 ff.
[1011] Comp. Leuckfeld, _Antiquitates Bursfeldenses_, 1713; Pez,
_Bibliotheca ascetica_, vol. 8, nrs 6 ff.
[1012] Discussed in Klemm, G. F., _Die Frauen_, vol. 4, p. 181, using
_Ordinarius_ preserved at Dresden (MS. L. 92).
[1013] Busch, J., _Liber de reformatione monasteriorum_ (written between
1470-1475), edit. Grube, 1887.
[1014] _Deutsche Allgemeine Biographie_, article ‘Busch, Joh.’
[1015] Busch, _Liber de reformatione monasteriorum_, ‘Derneburg,’ p. 588.
[1016] Ibid. ‘Wennigsen,’ ‘Mariensee,’ ‘Werder’ pp. 555 ff.
[1017] Busch, _Liber de reformatione monasteriorum_, ‘Wienhausen,’ p. 629.
[1018] Ibid. ‘St Georg in Halle,’ p. 568.
[1019] Ibid. ‘Heiningen,’ p. 600.
[1020] Ibid. ‘Frankenberg,’ p. 607.
[1021] Ibid. ‘Dorstad,’ p. 644.
[1022] Ibid. ‘Neuwerk,’ p. 609.
[1023] Ibid. ‘Fischbeck,’ p. 640.
[1024] Ibid. ‘Marienberg,’ p. 618.
[1025] Busch, _Liber de reformatione monasteriorum_, ‘Marienborn,’
‘Stendal,’ p. 622.
[1026] Ibid. pp. 664 ff.
[1027] Ibid. pp. 659 ff.
[1028] Remling, F. X., _Urkundl. Geschichte der Abteien und Klöster in
Rheinbayern_, 1836, ‘Schönfeld,’ vol. 1, p. 165; ‘Ramsen,’ vol. 1, p. 263;
‘Kleinfrankenthal,’ vol. 2, p. 79.
[1029] Marx, J., _Geschichte des Erzstifts Trier_, 1860, vol. 3, p. 466
(Benedictine nunneries, pp. 457-511, Cistercian nunneries, pp. 579-593).
[1030] Brusch, C., _Chronol. Mon. Germ._, 1682, p. 508.
[1031] Fabri, F., _De Civitate Ulmensi_, edit. Veesenmeyer, Liter. Verein,
Stuttgart, 1889, pp. 180 ff.
[1032] Fabri, F., _De Civitate Ulmensi_, pp. 202 ff.
[1033] Jäger, A., _Der Streit des Cardinals N. von Cusa mit dem Herzoge
Sigmund von Oesterreich_, 1861, 2 vols, (the struggle over Sonnenburg is
in vol. 1).
[1034] Ibid. vol. 1 (page references in the text throughout this section
are to the above account).
[1035] Jäger, A., _Der Streit des Cardinals N. von Cusa_ etc., 1861,
Vorwort, p. x.
[1036] Tritheim, _Opera pia et spiritualia_, edit. Busaeus, 1604,
‘Orationes,’ pp. 840-916.
[1037] Tritheim, _Opera_, etc., Epist. nr 3, p. 921 (written 1485).
[1038] Geiler, _Predigten Teutsch_, 1508; _Seelen-Paradies_, 1510, etc.
[1039] Information on those works of Butzbach which are not published is
given in the second supplementary volume, pp. 439 ff. of Hutten, U. v.,
_Opera_, edit. Böcking, 1857.
[1040] Wimpheling, _Germania_, transl. Martin, E., 1885, ch. 77.
[1041] Erasmus, _Colloquies_, transl. Bailey, edit. Johnson, 1878, ‘The
Virgin averse to Matrimony,’ vol. 1, p. 225.
[1042] Erasmus, _Colloquies_, ‘The Penitent Virgin,’ vol. 1, p. 237.
[1043] Ibid. ‘The Uneasy Wife,’ vol. 1, p. 241.
[1044] Ibid. ‘The Young Man and Harlot,’ vol. 1, p. 291.
[1045] Ibid. ‘The Lying-in Woman,’ vol. 1, p. 441.
[1046] Erasmus, _Colloquies_, ‘The Assembly or Parliament of Women,’ vol.
2, p. 203.
[1047] Dugdale, _Monasticon_, ‘St Radegund’s,’ vol. 4, p. 215, charter nr
3.
[1048] Gasquet, F. A., _Henry VIII and the English Monasteries_, 1888,
vol. 1, p. 62.
[1049] At a meeting of the Cambridge Antiquarian Society (reported in the
_Academy_, Feb. 23, 1895), Mr T. D. Atkinson read a paper on ‘The
Conventual Buildings of the priory of St Radegund,’ illustrated by a plan
showing such of the college buildings as were probably monastic, and also
the position of some foundations discovered in the previous summer.
According to this paper the present cloister occupies the same position as
that of the nuns, and the conventual church was converted into a college
chapel by Alcock. The college hall which is upstairs is the old refectory,
the rooms below being very likely used as butteries, as they still are.
The present kitchen is probably on the site of the old monastic kitchen,
and very likely the rooms originally assigned to the Master are those
which had been occupied by the prioress. Further details of arrangement
were given about the dormitory, the chapter house, the calefactory and
common-room, etc., from which we gather that the men who occupied the
nunnery buildings, put these to much the same uses as they had served
before.
[1050] Fiddes, ‘Life of Card. Wolsey,’ 1726, _Collect._, p. 100.
[1051] Ibid. p. 99.
[1052] Dugdale, _Monasticon_, ‘Bromhall,’ vol. 4, p. 506.
[1053] Dugdale, _Monasticon_, ‘Lillechurch,’ vol. 4, p. 379, footnote _e_.
[1054] Gairdner, J., _Letters and papers of the reign of Henry VIII_,
Rolls Series, vol. 10, Preface, p. 43, footnote, and nr 890.
[1055] Dugdale, _Monasticon_, ‘St Frideswith’s,’ vol. 2, p. 138. Fiddes,
‘Life of Card. Wolsey,’ 1726, _Collect._, p. 95.
[1056] Wilkins, D., _Concilia_, 1737, ‘Bull’ (Sept. 1524), vol. 3, p. 703;
‘Breve regium,’ ibid. p. 705.
[1057] Dugdale, _Monasticon_, ‘St Frideswith’s,’ vol. 2, p. 138, footnote
_x_.
[1058] Ibid. ‘Wykes,’ vol. 4, p. 513; ‘Littlemore,’ vol. 4, p. 490, nr 12.
[1059] Rymer, _Foedera_, ‘Bulla pro monasteriis supprimendis,’ vol. 6, p.
116; ‘Bulla pro uniendis monasteriis,’ p. 137.
[1060] Gasquet, A., _Henry VIII and the English Monasteries_, 1888, vol.
1, pp. 101 ff.
[1061] Blunt, _The Reformation of the Church of England_, 1882, vol. 1, p.
92, footnote, says that the lady in question was ‘Eleanor the daughter of
Cary who had lately married (Anne’s) sister Margaret.’
[1062] Dugdale, _Monasticon_, ‘Wilton,’ vol. 2, p. 317, gives the
correspondence. The abbess who succeeded to Isabel Jordan was probably
Cecil Bodman or Bodenham, of whom more p. 441.
[1063] Fish, S., ‘A Supplicacyon for the Beggers,’ republished _Early
Engl. Text Soc._, 1871.
[1064] More, Th., ‘The Supplycacyon of Soulys,’ 1529 (?).
[1065] Wright, Th., _Three chapters of letters on the Suppression_ (Camden
Soc., 1843), nrs 6-11.
[1066] Gasquet, A., _Henry VIII and the English Monasteries_, vol. 1, pp.
110-150.
[1067] Gairdner, J., _Letters and Papers_ etc., vol. 8, Preface, pp. 33
ff.
[1068] Wilkins, D., _Concilia_, 1737, vol. 3, p. 755.
[1069] _Dict. of Nat. Biography_, article ‘Legh, Sir Thomas.’
[1070] Wright, _Three chapters_ etc., p. 56.
[1071] Gairdner, J., _Letters_ etc., vol. 9, nr 139.
[1072] Ibid. Preface, p. 20.
[1073] Ibid. vol. 9, nr 280.
[1074] Gasquet, _Henry VIII_ etc., vol. 1, p. 273.
[1075] Wright, _Three chapters of letters_, p. 55.
[1076] Gasquet, _Henry VIII_ etc., vol. 1, p. 276; Ellis, H., _Original
Letters_, Series 3, vol. 3, p. 11, says that after resigning at Little
Marlow she became abbess at Malling.
[1077] Dugdale, _Monasticon_, ‘Little Marlow,’ vol. 4, p. 419;
‘Ankerwyke,’ vol. 4, p. 229.
[1078] Gairdner, J., _Letters and Papers_ etc., vol. 9, nr 1075 (her house
is unknown).
[1079] Ellis, H., _Original Letters_, Series 1, vol. 2, p. 91.
[1080] Wright, _Three chapters_ etc., p. 74.
[1081] Gairdner, J., _Letters and Papers_ etc., vol. 9, nr 357.
[1082] Gairdner, J., _Letters and Papers_ etc., vol. 9, nr 732.
[1083] Gasquet, A., _Henry VIII_ etc., vol. 1, p. 293.
[1084] Wright, _Three chapters_ etc., p. 107.
[1085] Ibid. p. 114; Gasquet, _Henry VIII_ etc., vol. 1, p. 303.
[1086] Gairdner, J., _Letters and Papers_ etc., vol. 10, nr 364.
[1087] Wright, _Three chapters_ etc., p. 91.
[1088] Ellis, H., _Original Letters_, Series 3, vol. 3, p. 38.
[1089] Dugdale, _Monasticon_, ‘Harwold,’ vol. 6, p. 330.
[1090] Ellis, H., _Original Letters_, speaks of the image of Our Lady of
Caversham which was plated all over with silver, Series 1, vol. 2, p. 79;
of that of St Modwen of Burton on Trent with her red cowl and staff,
Series 3, vol. 3, p. 104; of the ‘huge and great image’ of Darvellgathern
held in great veneration in Wales, Series 1, vol. 2, p. 82; and of others,
which were brought to London and burnt.
[1091] Wright, _Three chapters_ etc., p. 116.
[1092] Gasquet, A., _Henry VIII_ etc., vol. 2, p. 47.
[1093] Ibid. Appendix 1.
[1094] Gairdner, J., _Letters and Papers_ etc., vol. 9, nr 1094.
[1095] Gasquet, A., _Henry VIII_ etc., vol. 2, App. 1.
[1096] Wright, _Three chapters_ etc., p. 139.
[1097] Ellis, H., _Orig. Letters_, Series 3, vol. 3, p. 37.
[1098] Ibid. p. 116.
[1099] Ibid. p. 39.
[1100] Wright, _Three chapters_ etc., p. 129.
[1101] Gairdner, J., _Letters and Papers_ etc., vol. 10, nr 383 (1536).
[1102] Wright, _Three chapters_ etc., p. 136.
[1103] Gasquet, A., _Henry VIII_ etc., vol. 2, App. 1.
[1104] Dugdale, _Monasticon_, ‘St Mary’s,’ vol. 2, p. 451, charter nr 4.
[1105] Gasquet, A., _Henry VIII_ etc., vol. 2, App. 1.
[1106] Gairdner, J., _Letters and Papers_ etc. vol. 11, nr 385 (20).
[1107] Ibid. (22, 23, 35).
[1108] Dugdale, _Monasticon_, ‘Chatteris,’ vol. 2, p. 614, calls her ‘Anne
Gayton.’
[1109] Gairdner, J., _Letters and Papers_, vol. 11, nr 519 (11); nr 1217
(26).
[1110] Ibid. vol. 10, nr 364.
[1111] Gasquet, A., _Henry VIII_ etc., vol. 2, p. 206; Gairdner, J.,
_Letters and Papers_ etc., vol. 10, Preface, p. 46.
[1112] Dugdale, _Monasticon_, ‘Dennis,’ vol. 6, p. 1549.
[1113] Ellis, H., _Orig. Letters_, Series 3, vol. 3, p. 117.
[1114] Gasquet, A., _Henry VIII_ etc., vol. 2, p. 203.
[1115] Ibid. vol. 2, pp. 449 ff.
[1116] Gairdner, J., _Letters and Papers_ etc., vol. 11, nr 42.
[1117] Ibid. vol. 11, Preface, p. 12.
[1118] Gasquet, A., _Henry VIII_ etc., vol. 2, pp. 84 ff.
[1119] Gairdner, J., _Letters and Papers_ etc., vols. 11, 12.
[1120] Dugdale, _Monasticon_, ‘Seton,’ vol. 4, p. 226.
[1121] Gasquet, A., _Henry VIII_ etc., vol. 2, p. 340.
[1122] Gairdner, J., _Letters and Papers_ etc., vol. 12, pt 2, nr 27.
[1123] Gasquet, A., _Henry VIII_ etc., vol. 2, p. 279.
[1124] Gairdner, J., _Letters and Papers_ etc., vol. 13, pt 1, nr 1115
(19), nr 1519 (44).
[1125] Gasquet, A., _Henry VIII_ etc., vol. 2, p. 222.
[1126] Gairdner, J., _Letters and Papers_ etc., vol. 10, nr 364.
[1127] Ibid. vol. 13, pt 1, nr 235.
[1128] Ellis, H., _Orig. Letters_, Series 3, vol. 3.
[1129] Wright, _Three chapters_ etc., p. 229.
[1130] Wright, _Three chapters_ etc., p. 227.
[1131] Gasquet, A., _Henry VIII_ etc., vol. 2, p. 225.
[1132] Ibid. 456.
[1133] Dugdale, _Monasticon_, ‘St Mary’s,’ vol. 2, p. 451; Gasquet, A.,
_Henry VIII_ etc., vol. 2, p. 476.
[1134] Dugdale, _Monasticon_, ‘Wherwell,’ vol. 2, p. 634.
[1135] Gasquet, A., _Henry VIII_ etc., vol. 2, p. 481.
[1136] Ibid. p. 479.
[1137] Ellis, H., _Orig. Letters_, Series 3, vol. 3, p. 34, gives an
interesting account.
[1138] Lindesay, _Ane Satyre of the thrie Estaits_, edit, by Hall for the
Early Engl. Text Soc., 1869, pp. 420 ff.
[1139] Gasquet, A., _Henry VIII_ etc., vol. 2, p. 221.
[1140] Fuller, Th., _Church History_, edit. Brewer, 1845, vol. 3, p. 336.
[1141] Binder, F., _Charitas Pirkheimer_, 1878, pp. 14 ff.
[1142] Ibid. pp. 67 ff.
[1143] Nider, Jos., _Formicarius_, bk. 1, ch. 4 (p. 8, edit. 1517).
[1144] Muench, E., _Charitas Pirkheimer, ihre Schwestern und Nichten_,
1826, contains some of Clara’s letters.
[1145] Binder, F., _Charitas Pirkheimer_, p. 67.
[1146] ‘Briefe der Aebtissin Sabina,’ edit. Lochner in _Zeitschrift für
hist. Theologie_, vol. 36, 1866.
[1147] Pirckheimer, B., _Opera_, edit. Goldast, 1610, p. 345; Binder, F.,
_Charitas Pirkheimer_, p. 52.
[1148] Pirckheimer, _Opera_, edit. Goldast, 1610, p. 341; Binder, F.,
_Charitas Pirkheimer_, p. 81.
[1149] Pirckheimer, _Opera_, p. 343; Binder, F., _Charitas Pirkheimer_, p.
84.
[1150] Pirckheimer, _Opera_, p. 342; Binder, F., _Charitas Pirkheimer_, p.
85.
[1151] Pirckheimer, _Opera_, p. 344; Binder, F., _Charitas Pirkheimer_, p.
87.
[1152] Binder, F., _Charitas Pirkheimer_, p. 88.
[1153] Ibid. p. 220, note 26.
[1154] Pirckheimer, _Opera_, p. 340; Binder, F., _Charitas Pirkheimer_, p.
89.
[1155] Born in Venice in 1465, was acquainted both with Latin and Greek,
and studied history, philosophy and theology. She disputed at Padua in
public, wrote several learned treatises, and was much admired and
esteemed.
[1156] Binder, F., _Charitas Pirkheimer_, p. 96.
[1157] Pirckheimer, _Opera_, p. 230; Binder, F., _Charitas Pirkheimer_, p.
55.
[1158] Pirckheimer, _Opera_, p. 344; Binder, F., _Charitas Pirkheimer_, p.
58.
[1159] Binder, F., _Charitas Pirkheimer_, p. 65, footnote.
[1160] Ibid. p. 66.
[1161] Pirckheimer, _Opera_, p. 247; Binder, F., _Charitas Pirkheimer_, p.
61.
[1162] Binder, F., _Charitas Pirkheimer_, p. 62
[1163] Ibid. p. 35.
[1164] Thausing, M., _Dürer’s Briefe_ etc., 1872, p. 167.
[1165] Binder, F., _Charitas Pirkheimer_, p. 105.
[1166] _Eyn Missyve oder Sendbrief_ etc., 1523.
[1167] Pirckheimer, _Opera_, p. 375.
[1168] ‘Pirkheimer, Charitas’: _Denkwürdigkeiten aus dem
Reformationszeitalter_, herausg. Höfler, C., _Quellensammlung für fränk.
Geschichte_, vol. 4, 1852 (page references in the text to this edition).
[1169] Muench, E., _Charitas Pirckheimer_ etc., 1826, p. 104.
[1170] Binder, F., _Charitas Pirckheimer_, p. 125, from an unpublished
letter.
[1171] Muench, E., _Charitas Pirckheimer_ etc., p. 110.
[1172] Ibid., p. 118 (on a letter written to Nützel).
[1173] Muench, E., _Charitas Pirckheimer_ etc., p. 106.
[1174] Ibid. p. 109.
[1175] Pirckheimer, _Opera_, p. 374.
[1176] Muench, E., _Charitas Pirckheimer_ etc., p. 108.
[1177] Binder, F., _Charitas Pirckheimer_, p. 118.
[1178] Ibid. p. 150, from an unpublished letter.
[1179] Binder, F., _Charitas Pirkheimer_, p. 153.
[1180] Binder, F., _Charitas Pirkheimer_, p. 161.
[1181] ‘Briefe der Aebtissin Sabina,’ edit. Lochner in _Zeitschrift für
hist. Theologie_, vol. 36, 1866, pp. 542, 545.
[1182] Binder, F., _Charitas Pirkheimer_, pp. 183 ff.
[1183] Pirckheimer, _Opera_, ‘Oratio apologetica,’ pp. 375-385; Binder,
F., _Charitas Pirkheimer_, p. 198.
Transcriber’s Note:
Footnote 487 appears on page 164 of the text, but there is no
corresponding marker on the page.
End of Project Gutenberg's Woman under Monasticism, by Lina Eckenstein