low coral atolls in north; volcanic, hilly islands in
south
Coral Sea Islands:
sand and coral reefs and islands (or cays)
Costa Rica:
coastal plains separated by rugged mountains
Cote d'Ivoire:
mostly flat to undulating plains; mountains in
northwest
Croatia:
geographically diverse; flat plains along Hungarian border,
low mountains and highlands near Adriatic coastline and islands
Cuba:
mostly flat to rolling plains, with rugged hills and mountains
in the southeast
Cyprus:
central plain with mountains to north and south; scattered
but significant plains along southern coast
Czech Republic:
Bohemia in the west consists of rolling plains,
hills, and plateaus surrounded by low mountains; Moravia in the east
consists of very hilly country
Denmark:
low and flat to gently rolling plains
Djibouti:
coastal plain and plateau separated by central mountains
Dominica:
rugged mountains of volcanic origin
Dominican Republic:
rugged highlands and mountains with fertile
valleys interspersed
Ecuador:
coastal plain (costa), inter-Andean central highlands
(sierra), and flat to rolling eastern jungle (oriente)
Egypt:
vast desert plateau interrupted by Nile valley and delta
El Salvador:
mostly mountains with narrow coastal belt and central
plateau
Equatorial Guinea:
coastal plains rise to interior hills; islands
are volcanic
Eritrea:
dominated by extension of Ethiopian north-south trending
highlands, descending on the east to a coastal desert plain, on the
northwest to hilly terrain and on the southwest to flat-to-rolling
plains
Estonia:
marshy, lowlands
Ethiopia:
high plateau with central mountain range divided by Great
Rift Valley
Europa Island:
low and flat
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas):
rocky, hilly, mountainous with
some boggy, undulating plains
Faroe Islands:
rugged, rocky, some low peaks; cliffs along most of
coast
Fiji:
mostly mountains of volcanic origin
Finland:
mostly low, flat to rolling plains interspersed with lakes
and low hills
France:
mostly flat plains or gently rolling hills in north and
west; remainder is mountainous, especially Pyrenees in south, Alps
in east
French Guiana:
low-lying coastal plains rising to hills and small
mountains
French Polynesia:
mixture of rugged high islands and low islands
with reefs
French Southern and Antarctic Lands:
volcanic
Gabon:
narrow coastal plain; hilly interior; savanna in east and
south
Gambia, The:
flood plain of the Gambia river flanked by some low
hills
Gaza Strip:
flat to rolling, sand- and dune-covered coastal plain
Georgia:
largely mountainous with Great Caucasus Mountains in the
north and Lesser Caucasus Mountains in the south; Kolkhet'is Dablobi
(Kolkhida Lowland) opens to the Black Sea in the west; Mtkvari River
Basin in the east; good soils in river valley flood plains,
foothills of Kolkhida Lowland
Germany:
lowlands in north, uplands in center, Bavarian Alps in south
Ghana:
mostly low plains with dissected plateau in south-central area
Gibraltar:
a narrow coastal lowland borders the Rock of Gibraltar
Glorioso Islands:
low and flat
Greece:
mostly mountains with ranges extending into the sea as
peninsulas or chains of islands
Greenland:
flat to gradually sloping icecap covers all but a narrow,
mountainous, barren, rocky coast
Grenada:
volcanic in origin with central mountains
Guadeloupe:
Basse-Terre is volcanic in origin with interior
mountains; Grande-Terre is low limestone formation; most of the
seven other islands are volcanic in origin
Guam:
volcanic origin, surrounded by coral reefs; relatively flat
coralline limestone plateau (source of most fresh water), with steep
coastal cliffs and narrow coastal plains in north, low-rising hills
in center, mountains in south
Guatemala:
mostly mountains with narrow coastal plains and rolling
limestone plateau (Peten)
Guernsey:
mostly level with low hills in southwest
Guinea:
generally flat coastal plain, hilly to mountainous interior
Guinea-Bissau:
mostly low coastal plain rising to savanna in east
Guyana:
mostly rolling highlands; low coastal plain; savanna in south
Haiti:
mostly rough and mountainous
Heard Island and McDonald Islands:
Heard Island - bleak and
mountainous, with a quiescent volcano; McDonald Islands - small and
rocky
Holy See (Vatican City):
low hill
Honduras:
mostly mountains in interior, narrow coastal plains
Hong Kong:
hilly to mountainous with steep slopes; lowlands in north
Howland Island:
low-lying, nearly level, sandy, coral island
surrounded by a narrow fringing reef; depressed central area
Hungary:
mostly flat to rolling plains; hills and low mountains on
the Slovakian border
Iceland:
mostly plateau interspersed with mountain peaks, icefields;
coast deeply indented by bays and fiords
India:
upland plain (Deccan Plateau) in south, flat to rolling plain
along the Ganges, deserts in west, Himalayas in north
Indian Ocean:
surface dominated by counterclockwise gyre (broad,
circular system of currents) in the southern Indian Ocean; unique
reversal of surface currents in the northern Indian Ocean; low
atmospheric pressure over southwest Asia from hot, rising, summer
air results in the southwest monsoon and southwest-to-northeast
winds and currents, while high pressure over northern Asia from
cold, falling, winter air results in the northeast monsoon and
northeast-to-southwest winds and currents; ocean floor is dominated
by the Mid-Indian Ocean Ridge and subdivided by the Southeast Indian
Ocean Ridge, Southwest Indian Ocean Ridge, and Ninetyeast Ridge
Indonesia:
mostly coastal lowlands; larger islands have interior
mountains
Iran:
rugged, mountainous rim; high, central basin with deserts,
mountains; small, discontinuous plains along both coasts
Iraq:
mostly broad plains; reedy marshes along Iranian border in
south with large flooded areas; mountains along borders with Iran
and Turkey
Ireland:
mostly level to rolling interior plain surrounded by rugged
hills and low mountains; sea cliffs on west coast
Israel:
Negev desert in the south; low coastal plain; central
mountains; Jordan Rift Valley
Italy:
mostly rugged and mountainous; some plains, coastal lowlands
Jamaica:
mostly mountains, with narrow, discontinuous coastal plain
Jan Mayen:
volcanic island, partly covered by glaciers
Japan:
mostly rugged and mountainous
Jarvis Island:
sandy, coral island surrounded by a narrow fringing
reef
Jersey:
gently rolling plain with low, rugged hills along north coast
Johnston Atoll:
mostly flat
Jordan:
mostly desert plateau in east, highland area in west; Great
Rift Valley separates East and West Banks of the Jordan River
Juan de Nova Island:
low and flat
Kazakhstan:
extends from the Volga to the Altai Mountains and from
the plains in western Siberia to oases and desert in Central Asia
Kenya:
low plains rise to central highlands bisected by Great Rift
Valley; fertile plateau in west
Kingman Reef:
low and nearly level
Kiribati:
mostly low-lying coral atolls surrounded by extensive reefs
Korea, North:
mostly hills and mountains separated by deep, narrow
valleys; coastal plains wide in west, discontinuous in east
Korea, South:
mostly hills and mountains; wide coastal plains in
west and south
Kuwait:
flat to slightly undulating desert plain
Kyrgyzstan:
peaks of Tien Shan and associated valleys and basins
encompass entire nation
Laos:
mostly rugged mountains; some plains and plateaus
Latvia:
low plain
Lebanon:
narrow coastal plain; Al Biqa' (Bekaa Valley) separates
Lebanon and Anti-Lebanon Mountains
Lesotho:
mostly highland with plateaus, hills, and mountains
Liberia:
mostly flat to rolling coastal plains rising to rolling
plateau and low mountains in northeast
Libya:
mostly barren, flat to undulating plains, plateaus,
depressions
Liechtenstein:
mostly mountainous (Alps) with Rhine Valley in
western third
Lithuania:
lowland, many scattered small lakes, fertile soil
Luxembourg:
mostly gently rolling uplands with broad, shallow
valleys; uplands to slightly mountainous in the north; steep slope
down to Moselle flood plain in the southeast
Macau:
generally flat
Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of:
mountainous territory
covered with deep basins and valleys; three large lakes, each
divided by a frontier line; country bisected by the Vardar River
Madagascar:
narrow coastal plain, high plateau and mountains in
center
Malawi:
narrow elongated plateau with rolling plains, rounded hills,
some mountains
Malaysia:
coastal plains rising to hills and mountains
Maldives:
flat, with white sandy beaches
Mali:
mostly flat to rolling northern plains covered by sand;
savanna in south, rugged hills in northeast
Malta:
mostly low, rocky, flat to dissected plains; many coastal
cliffs
Man, Isle of:
hills in north and south bisected by central valley
Marshall Islands:
low coral limestone and sand islands
Martinique:
mountainous with indented coastline; dormant volcano
Mauritania:
mostly barren, flat plains of the Sahara; some central
hills
Mauritius:
small coastal plain rising to discontinuous mountains
encircling central plateau
Mayotte:
generally undulating, with deep ravines and ancient
volcanic peaks
Mexico:
high, rugged mountains; low coastal plains; high plateaus;
desert
Micronesia, Federated States of:
islands vary geologically from high
mountainous islands to low, coral atolls; volcanic outcroppings on
Pohnpei, Kosrae, and Truk
Midway Islands:
low, nearly level
Moldova:
rolling steppe, gradual slope south to Black Sea
Monaco:
hilly, rugged, rocky
Mongolia:
vast semidesert and desert plains, grassy steppe,
mountains in west and southwest; Gobi Desert in south-central
Montserrat:
volcanic islands, mostly mountainous, with small coastal
lowland
Morocco:
northern coast and interior are mountainous with large
areas of bordering plateaus, intermontane valleys, and rich coastal
plains
Mozambique:
mostly coastal lowlands, uplands in center, high
plateaus in northwest, mountains in west
Namibia:
mostly high plateau; Namib Desert along coast; Kalahari
Desert in east
Nauru:
sandy beach rises to fertile ring around raised coral reefs
with phosphate plateau in center
Navassa Island:
raised coral and limestone plateau, flat to
undulating; ringed by vertical white cliffs (9 to 15 m high)
Nepal:
Terai or flat river plain of the Ganges in south, central
hill region, rugged Himalayas in north
Netherlands:
mostly coastal lowland and reclaimed land (polders);
some hills in southeast
Netherlands Antilles:
generally hilly, volcanic interiors
New Caledonia:
coastal plains with interior mountains
New Zealand:
predominately mountainous with some large coastal plains
Nicaragua:
extensive Atlantic coastal plains rising to central
interior mountains; narrow Pacific coastal plain interrupted by
volcanoes
Niger:
predominately desert plains and sand dunes; flat to rolling
plains in south; hills in north
Nigeria:
southern lowlands merge into central hills and plateaus;
mountains in southeast, plains in north
Niue:
steep limestone cliffs along coast, central plateau
Norfolk Island:
volcanic formation with mostly rolling plains
Northern Mariana Islands:
southern islands are limestone with level
terraces and fringing coral reefs; northern islands are volcanic
Norway:
glaciated; mostly high plateaus and rugged mountains broken
by fertile valleys; small, scattered plains; coastline deeply
indented by fjords; arctic tundra in north
Oman:
central desert plain, rugged mountains in north and south
Pacific Ocean:
surface currents in the northern Pacific are
dominated by a clockwise, warm-water gyre (broad circular system of
currents) and in the southern Pacific by a counterclockwise,
cool-water gyre; in the northern Pacific, sea ice forms in the
Bering Sea and Sea of Okhotsk in winter; in the southern Pacific,
sea ice from Antarctica reaches its northernmost extent in October;
the ocean floor in the eastern Pacific is dominated by the East
Pacific Rise, while the western Pacific is dissected by deep
trenches, including the Mariana Trench, which is the world's deepest
Pakistan:
flat Indus plain in east; mountains in north and
northwest; Balochistan plateau in west
Palau:
varying geologically from the high, mountainous main island
of Babelthuap to low, coral islands usually fringed by large barrier
reefs
Palmyra Atoll:
very low
Panama:
interior mostly steep, rugged mountains and dissected,
upland plains; coastal areas largely plains and rolling hills
Papua New Guinea:
mostly mountains with coastal lowlands and rolling
foothills
Paracel Islands:
mostly low and flat
Paraguay:
grassy plains and wooded hills east of Rio Paraguay; Gran
Chaco region west of Rio Paraguay mostly low, marshy plain near the
river, and dry forest and thorny scrub elsewhere
Peru:
western coastal plain (costa), high and rugged Andes in center
(sierra), eastern lowland jungle of Amazon Basin (selva)
Philippines:
mostly mountains with narrow to extensive coastal
lowlands
Pitcairn Islands:
rugged volcanic formation; rocky coastline with
cliffs
Poland:
mostly flat plain; mountains along southern border
Portugal:
mountainous north of the Tagus River, rolling plains in
south
Puerto Rico:
mostly mountains, with coastal plain belt in north;
mountains precipitous to sea on west coast; sandy beaches along most
coastal areas
Qatar:
mostly flat and barren desert covered with loose sand and
gravel
Reunion:
mostly rugged and mountainous; fertile lowlands along coast
Romania:
central Transylvanian Basin is separated from the Plain of
Moldavia on the east by the Carpathian Mountains and separated from
the Walachian Plain on the south by the Transylvanian Alps
Russia:
broad plain with low hills west of Urals; vast coniferous
forest and tundra in Siberia; uplands and mountains along southern
border regions
Rwanda:
mostly grassy uplands and hills; relief is mountainous with
altitude declining from west to east
Saint Helena:
Saint Helena - rugged, volcanic; small scattered
plateaus and plains
note: the other islands of the group have a volcanic origin
Saint Kitts and Nevis:
volcanic with mountainous interiors
Saint Lucia:
volcanic and mountainous with some broad, fertile
valleys
Saint Pierre and Miquelon:
mostly barren rock
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines:
volcanic, mountainous
Samoa:
narrow coastal plain with volcanic, rocky, rugged mountains
in interior
San Marino:
rugged mountains
Sao Tome and Principe:
volcanic, mountainous
Saudi Arabia:
mostly uninhabited, sandy desert
Senegal:
generally low, rolling, plains rising to foothills in
southeast
Seychelles:
Mahe Group is granitic, narrow coastal strip, rocky,
hilly; others are coral, flat, elevated reefs
Sierra Leone:
coastal belt of mangrove swamps, wooded hill country,
upland plateau, mountains in east
Singapore:
lowland; gently undulating central plateau contains water
catchment area and nature preserve
Slovakia:
rugged mountains in the central and northern part and
lowlands in the south
Slovenia:
a short coastal strip on the Adriatic, an alpine mountain
region adjacent to Italy and Austria, mixed mountain and valleys
with numerous rivers to the east
Solomon Islands:
mostly rugged mountains with some low coral atolls
Somalia:
mostly flat to undulating plateau rising to hills in north
South Africa:
vast interior plateau rimmed by rugged hills and
narrow coastal plain
South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands:
most of the islands,
rising steeply from the sea, are rugged and mountainous; South
Georgia is largely barren and has steep, glacier-covered mountains;
the South Sandwich Islands are of volcanic origin with some active
volcanoes
Southern Ocean:
the Southern Ocean is deep, 4,000 to 5,000 meters
over most of its extent with only limited areas of shallow water;
the Antarctic continental shelf is generally narrow and unusually
deep - its edge lying at depths of 400 to 800 meters (the global
mean is 133 meters); the Antarctic icepack grows from an average
minimum of 2.6 million square kilometers in March to about 18.8
million square kilometers in September, better than a sixfold
increase in area; the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (21,000 km in
length) moves perpetually eastward; it is the world's largest ocean
current, transporting 130 million cubic meters of water per second -
100 times the flow of all the world's rivers
Spain:
large, flat to dissected plateau surrounded by rugged hills;
Pyrenees in north
Spratly Islands:
flat
Sri Lanka:
mostly low, flat to rolling plain; mountains in
south-central interior
Sudan:
generally flat, featureless plain; mountains in east and west
Suriname:
mostly rolling hills; narrow coastal plain with swamps
Svalbard:
wild, rugged mountains; much of high land ice covered;
west coast clear of ice about one-half of the year; fjords along
west and north coasts
Swaziland:
mostly mountains and hills; some moderately sloping plains
Sweden:
mostly flat or gently rolling lowlands; mountains in west
Switzerland:
mostly mountains (Alps in south, Jura in northwest)
with a central plateau of rolling hills, plains, and large lakes
Syria:
primarily semiarid and desert plateau; narrow coastal plain;
mountains in west
Tajikistan:
Pamir and Alay mountains dominate landscape; western
Fergana Valley in north, Kofarnihon and Vakhsh Valleys in southwest
Tanzania:
plains along coast; central plateau; highlands in north,
south
Thailand:
central plain; Khorat Plateau in the east; mountains
elsewhere
Togo:
gently rolling savanna in north; central hills; southern
plateau; low coastal plain with extensive lagoons and marshes
Tokelau:
low-lying coral atolls enclosing large lagoons
Tonga:
most islands have limestone base formed from uplifted coral
formation; others have limestone overlying volcanic base
Trinidad and Tobago:
mostly plains with some hills and low mountains
Tromelin Island:
low, flat, and sandy
Tunisia:
mountains in north; hot, dry central plain; semiarid south
merges into the Sahara
Turkey:
mostly mountains; narrow coastal plain; high central plateau
(Anatolia)
Turkmenistan:
flat-to-rolling sandy desert with dunes rising to
mountains in the south; low mountains along border with Iran;
borders Caspian Sea in west
Turks and Caicos Islands:
low, flat limestone; extensive marshes and
mangrove swamps
Tuvalu:
very low-lying and narrow coral atolls
Uganda:
mostly plateau with rim of mountains
Ukraine:
most of Ukraine consists of fertile plains (steppes) and
plateaus, mountains being found only in the west (the Carpathians),
and in the Crimean Peninsula in the extreme south
United Arab Emirates:
flat, barren coastal plain merging into
rolling sand dunes of vast desert wasteland; mountains in east
United Kingdom:
mostly rugged hills and low mountains; level to
rolling plains in east and southeast
United States:
vast central plain, mountains in west, hills and low
mountains in east; rugged mountains and broad river valleys in
Alaska; rugged, volcanic topography in Hawaii
Uruguay:
mostly rolling plains and low hills; fertile coastal lowland
Uzbekistan:
mostly flat-to-rolling sandy desert with dunes; broad,
flat intensely irrigated river valleys along course of Amu Darya,
Sirdaryo (Syr Darya), and Zarafshon; Fergana Valley in east
surrounded by mountainous Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan; shrinking Aral
Sea in west
Vanuatu:
mostly mountains of volcanic origin; narrow coastal plains
Venezuela:
Andes Mountains and Maracaibo Lowlands in northwest;
central plains (llanos); Guiana Highlands in southeast
Vietnam:
low, flat delta in south and north; central highlands;
hilly, mountainous in far north and northwest
Virgin Islands:
mostly hilly to rugged and mountainous with little
level land
Wake Island:
atoll of three coral islands built up on an underwater
volcano; central lagoon is former crater, islands are part of the rim
Wallis and Futuna:
volcanic origin; low hills
West Bank:
mostly rugged dissected upland, some vegetation in west,
but barren in east
Western Sahara:
mostly low, flat desert with large areas of rocky or
sandy surfaces rising to small mountains in south and northeast
World:
the greatest ocean depth is the Mariana Trench at 10,924 m in
the Pacific Ocean
Yemen:
narrow coastal plain backed by flat-topped hills and rugged
mountains; dissected upland desert plains in center slope into the
desert interior of the Arabian Peninsula
Yugoslavia:
extremely varied; to the north, rich fertile plains; to
the east, limestone ranges and basins; to the southeast, ancient
mountains and hills; to the southwest, extremely high shoreline with
no islands off the coast
Zambia:
mostly high plateau with some hills and mountains
Zimbabwe:
mostly high plateau with higher central plateau (high
veld); mountains in east
Taiwan:
eastern two-thirds mostly rugged mountains; flat to gently
rolling plains in west
======================================================================
@Total fertility rate
Afghanistan:
5.79 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Albania:
2.32 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Algeria:
2.72 children born/woman (2001 est.)
American Samoa:
3.5 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Andorra:
1.25 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Angola:
6.48 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Anguilla:
1.79 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Antigua and Barbuda:
2.31 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Argentina:
2.44 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Armenia:
1.5 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Aruba:
1.8 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Australia:
1.77 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Austria:
1.39 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Azerbaijan:
2.24 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Bahamas, The:
2.3 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Bahrain:
2.79 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Bangladesh:
2.78 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Barbados:
1.64 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Belarus:
1.28 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Belgium:
1.61 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Belize:
4.05 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Benin:
6.23 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Bermuda:
1.81 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Bhutan:
5.07 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Bolivia:
3.51 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Bosnia and Herzegovina:
1.71 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Botswana:
3.7 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Brazil:
2.09 children born/woman (2001 est.)
British Virgin Islands:
1.72 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Brunei:
2.44 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Bulgaria:
1.13 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Burkina Faso:
6.35 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Burma:
2.3 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Burundi:
6.16 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Cambodia:
4.74 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Cameroon:
4.8 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Canada:
1.6 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Cape Verde:
4.05 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Cayman Islands:
2.04 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Central African Republic:
4.86 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Chad:
6.56 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Chile:
2.16 children born/woman (2001 est.)
China:
1.82 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Christmas Island:
NA children born/woman
Cocos (Keeling) Islands:
NA children born/woman
Colombia:
2.66 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Comoros:
5.32 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Congo, Democratic Republic of the:
6.84 children born/woman (2001
est.)
Congo, Republic of the:
5 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Costa Rica:
2.47 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Cote d'Ivoire:
5.7 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Croatia:
1.94 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Cuba:
1.6 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Cyprus:
1.93 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Czech Republic:
1.18 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Denmark:
1.73 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Djibouti:
5.72 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Dominica:
2.03 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Dominican Republic:
2.97 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Ecuador:
3.12 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Egypt:
3.07 children born/woman (2001 est.)
El Salvador:
3.34 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Equatorial Guinea:
4.88 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Eritrea:
5.87 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Estonia:
1.21 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Ethiopia:
7 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas):
NA children born/woman
Faroe Islands:
2.3 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Fiji:
2.86 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Finland:
1.7 children born/woman (2001 est.)
France:
1.75 children born/woman (2001 est.)
French Guiana:
3.17 children born/woman (2001 est.)
French Polynesia:
2.23 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Gabon:
3.69 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Gambia, The:
5.68 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Gaza Strip:
6.42 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Georgia:
1.45 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Germany:
1.38 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Ghana:
3.82 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Gibraltar:
1.64 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Greece:
1.33 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Greenland:
2.44 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Grenada:
2.54 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Guadeloupe:
1.93 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Guam:
3.85 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Guatemala:
4.58 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Guernsey:
1.36 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Guinea:
5.39 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Guinea-Bissau:
5.2 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Guyana:
2.1 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Haiti:
4.4 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Honduras:
4.15 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Hong Kong:
1.29 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Hungary:
1.25 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Iceland:
2.01 children born/woman (2001 est.)
India:
3.04 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Indonesia:
2.58 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Iran:
2.02 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Iraq:
4.75 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Ireland:
1.9 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Israel:
2.57 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Italy:
1.18 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Jamaica:
2.08 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Japan:
1.41 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Jersey:
1.56 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Jordan:
3.29 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Kazakhstan:
2.07 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Kenya:
3.5 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Kiribati:
4.36 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Korea, North:
2.26 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Korea, South:
1.72 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Kuwait:
3.2 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Kyrgyzstan:
3.19 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Laos:
5.12 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Latvia:
1.15 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Lebanon:
2.05 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Lesotho:
4.08 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Liberia:
6.36 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Libya:
3.64 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Liechtenstein:
1.5 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Lithuania:
1.37 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Luxembourg:
1.7 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Macau:
1.31 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of:
1.79 children born/woman
(2001 est.)
Madagascar:
5.8 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Malawi:
5.18 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Malaysia:
3.24 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Maldives:
5.5 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Mali:
6.81 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Malta:
1.92 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Man, Isle of:
1.65 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Marshall Islands:
6.55 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Martinique:
1.8 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Mauritania:
6.22 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Mauritius:
2.01 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Mayotte:
6.24 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Mexico:
2.62 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Moldova:
1.67 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Monaco:
1.76 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Mongolia:
2.39 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Montserrat:
1.82 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Morocco:
3.05 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Mozambique:
4.82 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Namibia:
4.83 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Nauru:
3.61 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Nepal:
4.58 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Netherlands:
1.65 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Netherlands Antilles:
2.07 children born/woman (2001 est.)
New Caledonia:
2.48 children born/woman (2001 est.)
New Zealand:
1.8 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Nicaragua:
3.18 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Niger:
7.08 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Nigeria:
5.57 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Niue:
NA children born/woman
Norfolk Island:
NA children born/woman
Northern Mariana Islands:
1.76 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Norway:
1.81 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Oman:
6.04 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Pakistan:
4.41 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Palau:
2.47 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Panama:
2.27 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Papua New Guinea:
4.3 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Paraguay:
4.11 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Peru:
2.96 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Philippines:
3.42 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Pitcairn Islands:
NA children born/woman
Poland:
1.37 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Portugal:
1.48 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Puerto Rico:
1.9 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Qatar:
3.17 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Reunion:
2.58 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Romania:
1.35 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Russia:
1.27 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Rwanda:
4.89 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Saint Helena:
1.53 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Saint Kitts and Nevis:
2.41 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Saint Lucia:
2.38 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Saint Pierre and Miquelon:
2.12 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines:
2.06 children born/woman (2001
est.)
Samoa:
3.4 children born/woman (2001 est.)
San Marino:
1.3 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Sao Tome and Principe:
6.02 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Saudi Arabia:
6.25 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Senegal:
5.12 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Seychelles:
1.83 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Sierra Leone:
6.01 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Singapore:
1.22 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Slovakia:
1.25 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Slovenia:
1.28 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Solomon Islands:
4.65 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Somalia:
7.11 children born/woman (2001 est.)
South Africa:
2.43 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Spain:
1.15 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Sri Lanka:
1.95 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Sudan:
5.35 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Suriname:
2.47 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Svalbard:
NA children born/woman
Swaziland:
5.82 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Sweden:
1.53 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Switzerland:
1.47 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Syria:
3.95 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Tajikistan:
4.29 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Tanzania:
5.42 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Thailand:
1.87 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Togo:
5.32 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Tokelau:
NA children born/woman
Tonga:
3 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Trinidad and Tobago:
1.81 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Tunisia:
1.99 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Turkey:
2.12 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Turkmenistan:
3.58 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Turks and Caicos Islands:
3.22 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Tuvalu:
3.09 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Uganda:
6.88 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Ukraine:
1.29 children born/woman (2001 est.)
United Arab Emirates:
3.23 children born/woman (2001 est.)
United Kingdom:
1.73 children born/woman (2001 est.)
United States:
2.06 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Uruguay:
2.36 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Uzbekistan:
3.06 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Vanuatu:
3.19 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Venezuela:
2.46 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Vietnam:
2.49 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Virgin Islands:
2.25 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Wallis and Futuna:
NA children born/woman
West Bank:
4.9 children born/woman (2001 est.)
World:
2.73 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Yemen:
6.97 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Yugoslavia:
1.75 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Zambia:
5.53 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Zimbabwe:
3.28 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Taiwan:
1.76 children born/woman (2001 est.)
======================================================================
@Transportation - note
Arctic Ocean:
sparse network of air, ocean, river, and land routes;
the Northwest Passage (North America) and Northern Sea Route
(Eurasia) are important seasonal waterways
Atlantic Ocean:
Kiel Canal and Saint Lawrence Seaway are two
important waterways; significant domestic commercial and
recreational use of Intracoastal Waterway on central and south
Atlantic seaboard and Gulf of Mexico coast of US
Baker Island:
there is a day beacon near the middle of the west coast
Georgia:
transportation network is in poor condition resulting from
ethnic conflict, criminal activities, and fuel shortages; network
lacks maintenance and repair
Howland Island:
Earhart Light is a day beacon near the middle of the
west coast that was partially destroyed during World War II, but has
since been rebuilt; named in memory of famed aviatrix Amelia EARHART
Jarvis Island:
there is a day beacon near the middle of the west
coast
Pacific Ocean:
Inside Passage offers protected waters from southeast
Alaska to Puget Sound (Washington state)
Southern Ocean:
Drake Passage offers alternative to transit through
the Panama Canal
Wake Island:
formerly an important commercial aviation base, now
used by US military, some commercial cargo planes, and for emergency
landings
======================================================================
@Unemployment rate
Afghanistan:
NA%
Albania:
16% (2000 est.) officially; may be as high as 25%
Algeria:
30% (1999 est.)
American Samoa:
16% (1993)
Andorra:
0%
Angola:
extensive unemployment and underemployment affecting more
than half the population (2000 est.)
Anguilla:
7% (1992 est.)
Antigua and Barbuda:
7% (1999 est.)
Argentina:
15% (December 2000)
Armenia:
20% (1998 est.)
note: official rate is 9.3% for 1998
Aruba:
0.6% (1999 est.)
Australia:
6.4% (2000)
Austria:
5.4% (2000 est.)
Azerbaijan:
20% (1999 est.)
Bahamas, The:
9% (1998 est.)
Bahrain:
15% (1998 est.)
Bangladesh:
35.2% (1996)
Barbados:
11% (1999 est.)
Belarus:
2.1% officially registered unemployed (December 2000);
large number of underemployed workers
Belgium:
8.4% (2000 est.)
Belize:
12.8% (1999)
Benin:
NA%
Bermuda:
NEGL% (1995)
Bhutan:
NA%
Bolivia:
11.4% (1997)
note: widespread underemployment
Bosnia and Herzegovina:
35%-40% (1999 est.)
Botswana:
40% (2000 est.)
Brazil:
7.1% (2000 est.)
British Virgin Islands:
3% (1995)
Brunei:
4.9% (1995 est.)
Bulgaria:
17.7% (2000 est.)
Burkina Faso:
NA%
Burma:
7.1% (official FY97/98 est.)
Burundi:
NA%
Cambodia:
2.8% (1999 est.)
Cameroon:
30% (1998 est.)
Canada:
6.8% (2000 est.)
Cape Verde:
24% (1999 est.)
Cayman Islands:
4.1% (1997)
Central African Republic:
6% (1993)
Chad:
NA%
Chile:
9% (December 2000)
China:
urban unemployment roughly 10%; substantial unemployment and
underemployment in rural areas (2000 est.)
Christmas Island:
NA%
Colombia:
20% (2000 est.)
Comoros:
20% (1996 est.)
Congo, Democratic Republic of the:
NA%
Congo, Republic of the:
NA%
Cook Islands:
NA%
Costa Rica:
5.2% (2000 est.)
Cote d'Ivoire:
13% in urban areas (1998 est.)
Croatia:
22% (October 2000)
Cuba:
5.5% (2000 est.)
Cyprus:
Greek Cypriot area: 3.6% (2000 est.); Turkish Cypriot area:
6% (1998 est.)
Czech Republic:
8.7% (2000 est.)
Denmark:
5.3% (2000)
Djibouti:
50% (2000 est.)
Dominica:
20% (1999 est.)
Dominican Republic:
13.8% (1999 est.)
Ecuador:
13%; note - widespread underemployment (2000 est.)
Egypt:
11.5% (2000 est.)
El Salvador:
10% (2000 est.)
Equatorial Guinea:
30% (1998 est.)
Eritrea:
NA%
Estonia:
11.7% (1999 est.)
Ethiopia:
NA%
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas):
full employment; labor shortage
Faroe Islands:
1% (October 2000)
Fiji:
6% (1997 est.)
Finland:
9.8% (2000 est.)
France:
9.7% (2000 est.)
French Guiana:
21.4% (1998)
French Polynesia:
15% (1992 est.)
Gabon:
21% (1997 est.)
Gambia, The:
NA%
Gaza Strip:
40% (includes West Bank) (yearend 2000)
Georgia:
14.9% (1999 est.)
Germany:
9.9% (2000 est.)
Ghana:
20% (1997 est.)
Gibraltar:
13.5% (1996)
Greece:
11.3% (2000 est.)
Greenland:
7% (1999 est.)
Grenada:
15% (1997)
Guadeloupe:
27.8% (1998)
Guam:
15% (2000 est.)
Guatemala:
7.5% (1999 est.)
Guernsey:
0.5% (1999 est.)
Guinea:
NA%
Guinea-Bissau:
NA%
Guyana:
12% (1992 est.)
Haiti:
widespread unemployment and underemployment; more than
two-thirds of the labor force do not have formal jobs (1999)
Honduras:
28% (2000 est.)
Hong Kong:
4.5% (2000 est.)
Hungary:
9.4% (2000 est.)
Iceland:
2.7% (January 2001)
India:
NA%
Indonesia:
15%-20% (1998 est.)
Iran:
14% (1999 est.)
Iraq:
NA%
Ireland:
4.1% (2000)
Israel:
9% (2000 est.)
Italy:
10.4% (2000 est.)
Jamaica:
16% (2000 est.)
Japan:
4.7% (2000)
Jersey:
0.7% (1998 est.)
Jordan:
15% official rate; actual rate is 25%-30% (1999 est.)
Kazakhstan:
13.7% (1998 est.)
Kenya:
50% (1998 est.)
Kiribati:
2%; underemployment 70% (1992 est.)
Korea, North:
NA%
Korea, South:
4.1% (2000 est.)
Kuwait:
1.8% (official 1996 est.)
Kyrgyzstan:
6% (1998 est.)
Laos:
5.7% (1997 est.)
Latvia:
7.8% (2000 est.)
Lebanon:
18% (1997 est.)
Lesotho:
45% (2000 est.)
Liberia:
70%
Libya:
30% (2000 est.)
Liechtenstein:
1.8% (February 1999)
Lithuania:
10.8% (2000)
Luxembourg:
2.7% (2000 est.)
Macau:
6.6% (2000)
Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of:
32% (2000)
Madagascar:
NA%
Malawi:
NA%
Malaysia:
2.8% (2000 est.)
Maldives:
NEGL%
Mali:
NA%
Malta:
4.5% (3rd Quarter 2000)
Man, Isle of:
0.6% (August 2000)
Marshall Islands:
16% (1991 est.)
Martinique:
27.2% (1998)
Mauritania:
23% (1995 est.)
Mauritius:
6.4% (1999 est.)
Mayotte:
45% (1997)
Mexico:
urban - 2.2% (2000); plus considerable underemployment
Micronesia, Federated States of:
16% (1999 est.)
Moldova:
1.9% (includes only officially registered unemployed; large
numbers of underemployed workers) (November 2000)
Monaco:
3.1% (1998)
Mongolia:
NA%
Montserrat:
20% (1996 est.)
Morocco:
23% (1999 est.)
Mozambique:
21% (1997 est.)
Namibia:
30% to 40%, including underemployment (1997 est.)
Nauru:
0%
Nepal:
NA%; substantial underemployment (1999)
Netherlands:
2.6% (2000 est.)
Netherlands Antilles:
14.9% (1998 est.)
New Caledonia:
19% (1996)
New Zealand:
6.3% (2000 est.)
Nicaragua:
20% plus considerable underemployment (1999 est.)
Niger:
NA%
Nigeria:
28% (1992 est.)
Niue:
NA%
Norfolk Island:
NA%
Northern Mariana Islands:
NA%
Norway:
3% (2000 est.)
Oman:
NA%
Pakistan:
6% (FY99/00 est.)
Palau:
2.3% (2000 est.)
Panama:
13% (2000 est.)
Papua New Guinea:
NA%
Paraguay:
16% (2000 est.)
Peru:
7.7%; extensive underemployment (1997)
Philippines:
10% (2000)
Pitcairn Islands:
NA%
Poland:
12% (1999)
Portugal:
4.3% (2000 est.)
Puerto Rico:
9.5% (2000)
Qatar:
NA%
Reunion:
42.8% (1998)
Romania:
11.5% (1999)
Russia:
10.5% (2000 est.), plus considerable underemployment
Rwanda:
NA%
Saint Helena:
14% (1998 est.)
Saint Kitts and Nevis:
4.5% (1997)
Saint Lucia:
15% (1996 est.)
Saint Pierre and Miquelon:
9.8% (1997)
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines:
22% (1997 est.)
Samoa:
NA%; note - substantial underemployment
San Marino:
3% (1999)
Sao Tome and Principe:
NA%
Saudi Arabia:
NA%
Senegal:
NA%; urban youth 40%
Seychelles:
NA%
Sierra Leone:
NA%
Singapore:
3% (2000 est.)
Slovakia:
17% (2000 est.)
Slovenia:
7.1% (1997 est.)
Solomon Islands:
NA%
Somalia:
NA%
South Africa:
30% (2000 est.)
Spain:
14% (2000 est.)
Sri Lanka:
8.8% (1999 est.)
Sudan:
4% (1996 est.)
Suriname:
20% (1997)
Swaziland:
22% (1995 est.)
Sweden:
6% (2000 est.)
Switzerland:
1.9% (2000 est.)
Syria:
20% (2000 est.)
Tajikistan:
5.7% includes only officially registered unemployed;
also large numbers of underemployed workers and unregistered
unemployed people (December 1998)
Tanzania:
NA%
Thailand:
3.7% (2000 est.)
Togo:
NA%
Tokelau:
NA%
Tonga:
13.3% (FY96/97)
Trinidad and Tobago:
12.8% (2000)
Tunisia:
15.6% (2000 est.)
Turkey:
5.6% (plus underemployment of 5.6%) (2000 est.)
Turkmenistan:
NA%
Turks and Caicos Islands:
10% (1997 est.)
Tuvalu:
NA%
Uganda:
NA%
Ukraine:
4.3% officially registered; large number of unregistered or
underemployed workers (December 1999)
United Arab Emirates:
NA%
United Kingdom:
5.5% (2000 est.)
United States:
4% (2000)
Uruguay:
14% (2000 est.)
Uzbekistan:
10% plus another 20% underemployed (1999 est.)
Vanuatu:
NA%
Venezuela:
14% (2000 est.)
Vietnam:
25% (1995 est.)
Virgin Islands:
4.9% (March 1999)
Wallis and Futuna:
NA%
West Bank:
40% (includes Gaza Strip) (yearend 2000)
Western Sahara:
NA%
World:
30% combined unemployment and underemployment in many
non-industrialized countries; developed countries typically 4%-12%
unemployment (2000 est.)
Yemen:
30% (1995 est.)
Yugoslavia:
30% (2000 est.)
Zambia:
50% (2000 est.)
Zimbabwe:
50% (2000 est.)
Taiwan:
3% (2000 est.)
======================================================================
@Waterways
Afghanistan:
1,200 km
note: chiefly Amu Darya, which handles vessels with DWT up to about
500 (2001)
Albania:
43 km
note: includes Albanian sections of Lake Scutari, Lake Ohrid, and
Lake Prespa (1990)
Algeria:
none
American Samoa:
none
Andorra:
none
Angola:
1,295 km
Anguilla:
none
Antigua and Barbuda:
none
Argentina:
10,950 km
Armenia:
NA km
Aruba:
none
Ashmore and Cartier Islands:
none
Australia:
8,368 km (mainly used by small, shallow-draft craft)
Austria:
358 km (1999)
Azerbaijan:
none
Bahamas, The:
none
Bahrain:
none
Baker Island:
none
Bangladesh:
up to 8,046 km depending on season
note: includes 3,058 km main cargo routes
Barbados:
none
Bassas da India:
none
Belarus:
NA km; note - Belarus has extensive and widely used canal
and river systems
Belgium:
2,043 km (1,528 km in regular commercial use)
Belize:
825 km (river network used by shallow-draft craft;
seasonally navigable)
Benin:
streams navigable along small sections, important only locally
Bermuda:
none
Bhutan:
none
Bolivia:
10,000 km (commercially navigable)
Bosnia and Herzegovina:
NA km; large sections of the Sava blocked by
downed bridges, silt, and debris
Botswana:
none
Bouvet Island:
none
Brazil:
50,000 km
British Indian Ocean Territory:
none
British Virgin Islands:
none
Brunei:
209 km; navigable by craft drawing less than 1.2 m
Bulgaria:
470 km (1987)
Burkina Faso:
none
Burma:
12,800 km
note: 3,200 km navigable by large commercial vessels
Burundi:
Lake Tanganyika
Cambodia:
3,700 km
note: navigable all year to craft drawing 0.6 m or less; 282 km
navigable to craft drawing as much as 1.8 m
Cameroon:
2,090 km (of decreasing importance)
Canada:
3,000 km (including Saint Lawrence Seaway)
Cape Verde:
none
Cayman Islands:
none
Central African Republic:
900 km
note: traditional trade carried on by means of shallow-draft
dugouts; Oubangui is the most important river, navigable all year to
craft drawing 0.6 m or less; 282 km navigable to craft drawing as
much as 1.8 m
Chad:
2,000 km
Chile:
725 km
China:
110,000 km (1999)
Christmas Island:
none
Clipperton Island:
none
Cocos (Keeling) Islands:
none
Colombia:
18,140 km (navigable by river boats) (April 1996)
Comoros:
none
Congo, Democratic Republic of the:
15,000 km (including the Congo
and its tributaries, and unconnected lakes)
Congo, Republic of the:
1,120 km
note: the Congo and Ubangi (Oubangui) rivers provide 1,120 km of
commercially navigable water transport; other rivers are used for
local traffic only
Cook Islands:
none
Coral Sea Islands:
none
Costa Rica:
730 km (seasonally navigable)
Cote d'Ivoire:
980 km (navigable rivers, canals, and numerous
coastal lagoons)
Croatia:
785 km
note: (perennially navigable; large sections of Sava blocked by
downed bridges, silt, and debris)
Cuba:
240 km
Cyprus:
none
Czech Republic:
303 km
note: (the Labe (Elbe) is the principal river) (2000)
Denmark:
417 km
Djibouti:
none
Dominica:
none
Dominican Republic:
none
Ecuador:
1,500 km
Egypt:
3,500 km
note: including the Nile, Lake Nasser, Alexandria-Cairo Waterway,
and numerous smaller canals in the delta; Suez Canal (193.5 km
including approaches), used by oceangoing vessels drawing up to 16.1
m of water
El Salvador:
Rio Lempa partially navigable
Equatorial Guinea:
none
Eritrea:
none
Estonia:
320 km (perennially navigable)
Ethiopia:
none
Europa Island:
none
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas):
none
Faroe Islands:
none
Fiji:
203 km
note: 122 km navigable by motorized craft and 200-metric-ton barges
Finland:
6,675 km
note: includes Saimaa Canal; 3,700 km suitable for large ships
France:
14,932 km (6,969 km heavily traveled)
French Guiana:
3,300 km navigable by native craft
note: 460 km navigable by small oceangoing vessels and coastal and
river steamers
French Polynesia:
none
French Southern and Antarctic Lands:
none
Gabon:
1,600 km (perennially navigable)
Gambia, The:
400 km
Gaza Strip:
none
Georgia:
none
Germany:
7,500 km
note: major rivers include the Rhine and Elbe; Kiel Canal is an
important connection between the Baltic Sea and North Sea (1999)
Ghana:
1,293 km
note: Volta, Ankobra, and Tano Rivers provide 168 km of perennial
navigation for launches and lighters; Lake Volta provides 1,125 km
of arterial and feeder waterways
Gibraltar:
none
Glorioso Islands:
none
Greece:
80 km
note: system consists of three coastal canals including the Corinth
Canal (6 km) which crosses the Isthmus of Corinth connecting the
Gulf of Corinth with the Saronic Gulf and shortens the sea voyage
from the Adriatic to Peiraiefs (Piraeus) by 325 km; there are also
three unconnected rivers
Greenland:
none
Grenada:
none
Guadeloupe:
none
Guam:
none
Guatemala:
990 km
note: 260 km navigable year round; additional 730 km navigable
during highwater season
Guernsey:
none
Guinea:
1,295 km (navigable by shallow-draft native craft)
Guinea-Bissau:
several rivers are accessible to coastal shipping
Guyana:
5,900 km (total length of navigable waterways)
note: Berbice, Demerara, and Essequibo rivers are navigable by
oceangoing vessels for 150 km, 100 km, and 80 km, respectively
Haiti:
NEGL; less than 100 km navigable
Heard Island and McDonald Islands:
none
Holy See (Vatican City):
none
Honduras:
465 km (navigable by small craft)
Hong Kong:
none
Howland Island:
none
Hungary:
1,373 km (permanently navigable) (1997)
Iceland:
none
India:
16,180 km
note: 3,631 km navigable by large vessels
Indonesia:
21,579 km total
note: Sumatra 5,471 km, Java and Madura 820 km, Kalimantan 10,460
km, Sulawesi (Celebes) 241 km, Irian Jaya 4,587 km
Iran:
904 km
note: the Shatt al Arab is usually navigable by maritime traffic
for about 130 km; channel has been dredged to 3 m and is in use
Iraq:
1,015 km
note: Shatt al Arab is usually navigable by maritime traffic for
about 130 km; channel has been dredged to 3 m and is in use; Tigris
and Euphrates Rivers have navigable sections for shallow-draft
boats; Shatt al Basrah canal was navigable by shallow-draft craft
before closing in 1991 because of the Gulf war
Ireland:
700 km (limited facilities for commercial traffic) (1998)
Israel:
none
Italy:
2,400 km
note: for various types of commercial traffic, although of limited
overall value
Jamaica:
none
Jan Mayen:
none
Japan:
1,770 km approximately
note: seagoing craft ply all coastal inland seas
Jarvis Island:
none
Jersey:
none
Johnston Atoll:
none
Jordan:
none
Juan de Nova Island:
none
Kazakhstan:
3,900 km
note: on the Syrdariya (Syr Darya) and Ertis (Irtysh) rivers
Kenya:
NA
note: part of the Lake Victoria system is within the boundaries of
Kenya
Kingman Reef:
none
Kiribati:
5 km (small network of canals in Line Islands)
Korea, North:
2,253 km
note: mostly navigable by small craft only
Korea, South:
1,609 km
note: restricted to small native craft
Kuwait:
none
Kyrgyzstan:
600 km (1990)
Laos:
4,587 km approximately
note: primarily Mekong and tributaries; 2,897 additional km are
intermittently navigable by craft drawing less than 0.5 m
Latvia:
300 km (perennially navigable)
Lebanon:
none
Lesotho:
none
Liberia:
none
Libya:
none
Liechtenstein:
none
Lithuania:
600 km (perennially navigable)
Luxembourg:
37 km (on the Moselle)
Macau:
none
Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of:
note: lake transport
only, on the Greek and Albanian borders
Madagascar:
note: of local importance only
Malawi:
144 km
note: on Lake Nyasa (Lake Malawi) and Shire Riverall
Malaysia:
7,296 km
note: Peninsular Malaysia 3,209 km, Sabah 1,569 km, Sarawak 2,518 km
Maldives:
none
Mali:
1,815 km
Malta:
none
Man, Isle of:
none
Marshall Islands:
none
Martinique:
none
Mauritania:
note: ferry traffic on the Senegal River
Mauritius:
none
Mayotte:
none
Mexico:
2,900 km
note: navigable rivers and coastal canals
Micronesia, Federated States of:
none
Midway Islands:
none
Moldova:
424 km (1994)
Monaco:
none
Mongolia:
400 km (1999)
Montserrat:
none
Morocco:
none
Mozambique:
3,750 km (navigable routes)
Namibia:
none
Nauru:
none
Navassa Island:
none
Nepal:
none
Netherlands:
5,046 km
note: 47% of total route length is usable by craft of 1,000 metric
ton capacity or larger
Netherlands Antilles:
none
New Caledonia:
none
New Zealand:
1,609 km
note: of little importance in satisfying total transportation
requirements
Nicaragua:
2,220 km (including 2 large lakes)
Niger:
300 km
note: the Niger River is navigable from Niamey to Gaya on the Benin
frontier from mid-December through March
Nigeria:
8,575 km
note: consisting of the Niger and Benue rivers and smaller rivers
and creeks
Niue:
none
Norfolk Island:
none
Northern Mariana Islands:
none
Norway:
1,577 km (along west coast)
note: navigable by 2.4 m maximum draft vessels
Oman:
none
Pakistan:
none
Palau:
none
Palmyra Atoll:
none
Panama:
882 km
note: 800 km navigable by shallow draft vessels; 82 km Panama Canal
Papua New Guinea:
10,940 km
Paracel Islands:
none
Paraguay:
3,100 km
Peru:
8,808 km
note: 8,600 km of navigable tributaries of Amazon system and 208 km
of Lago Titicaca
Philippines:
3,219 km
note: limited to vessels with a draft of less than 1.5 m
Pitcairn Islands:
none
Poland:
3,812 km (navigable rivers and canals) (1996)
Portugal:
820 km
note: relatively unimportant to national economy, used by
shallow-draft craft limited to 300 metric-ton or less cargo capacity
Puerto Rico:
none
Qatar:
none
Reunion:
none
Romania:
1,724 km (1984)
Russia:
95,900 km (total routes in general use)
note: routes with navigation guides serving the Russian River
Fleet-95,900 km; routes with night navigational aids-60,400 km;
man-made navigable routes-16,900 km (Jan 1994)
Rwanda:
note: Lac Kivu navigable by shallow-draft barges and native
craft
Saint Helena:
none
Saint Kitts and Nevis:
none
Saint Lucia:
none
Saint Pierre and Miquelon:
none
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines:
none
Samoa:
none
San Marino:
none
Sao Tome and Principe:
none
Saudi Arabia:
none
Senegal:
897 km
note: 785 km on the Senegal river, and 112 km on the Saloum river
Seychelles:
none
Sierra Leone:
800 km (of which 600 km navigable year round)
Singapore:
none
Slovakia:
172 km (all on the Danube)
Slovenia:
NA
Solomon Islands:
none
Somalia:
none
South Africa:
NA
South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands:
none
Spain:
1,045 km (of minor economic importance)
Spratly Islands:
none
Sri Lanka:
430 km (navigable by shallow-draft craft)
Sudan:
5,310 km
Suriname:
1,200 km
note: most important means of transport; oceangoing vessels with
drafts ranging up to 7 m can navigate many of the principal waterways
Svalbard:
none
Swaziland:
none
Sweden:
2,052 km
note: navigable for small steamers and barges
Switzerland:
65 km
note: The Rhine carries heavy traffic on the Basel-Rheinfelden and
Schaffhausen-Bodensee stretches; there are also 12 navigable lakes
Syria:
870 km (minimal economic importance)
Tajikistan:
none
Tanzania:
note: Lake Tanganyika, Lake Victoria, and Lake Nyasa are
principal avenues of commerce between Tanzania and its neighbors on
those lakes
Thailand:
4,000 km
note: 3,701 km are navigable throughout the year by boats with
drafts up to 0.9 meters; numerous minor waterways serve
shallow-draft native craft
Togo:
50 km (Mono river)
Tokelau:
none
Tonga:
none
Trinidad and Tobago:
none
Tromelin Island:
none
Tunisia:
none
Turkey:
1,200 km (approximately)
Turkmenistan:
the Amu Darya is an important inland waterway for
Turkmenistan
Turks and Caicos Islands:
none
Tuvalu:
none
Uganda:
Lake Victoria, Lake Albert, Lake Kyoga, Lake George, Lake
Edward, Victoria Nile, Albert Nile
Ukraine:
4,499 km
note: (1,672 km are on the Pryp'yat' and Dnistr) (1990)
United Arab Emirates:
none
United Kingdom:
3,200 km
United States:
41,009 km
note: navigable inland channels, exclusive of the Great Lakes
Uruguay:
1,600 km ( used by coastal and shallow-draft river craft)
Uzbekistan:
1,100 km (1990)
Vanuatu:
none
Venezuela:
7,100 km
note: Rio Orinoco and Lago de Maracaibo accept oceangoing vessels
Vietnam:
17,702 km
note: more than 5,149 km are navigable at all times by vessels up
to 1.8 m draft
Virgin Islands:
none
Wake Island:
none
Wallis and Futuna:
none
West Bank:
none
Western Sahara:
none
Yemen:
none
Yugoslavia:
587 km
note: The Danube River, which connects Europe with the Black Sea,
runs through Serbia; since early 2000, a pontoon bridge, replacing a
destroyed conventional bridge, has obstructed river traffic at Novi
Sad; the obstruction can be bypassed by a canal system but
inadequate lock size limits the size of vessels which may pass (2001)
Zambia:
2,250 km
note: includes Lake Tanganyika and the Zambezi and Luapula rivers
Zimbabwe:
the Mazoe and Zambezi rivers are used for transporting
chrome ore from Harare to Mozambique
Taiwan:
NA
======================================================================
Appendix A: Abbreviations
ABEDA: Arab Bank for Economic Development in Africa
ACC: Arab Cooperation Council
ACCT: Agency for the French-Speaking Community
ACP Group: African, Caribbean, and Pacific Group of States
AfDB: African Development Bank
AFESD: Arab Fund for Economic and Social Development
Air Pollution: Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution
Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides: Protocol to the 1979 Convention on
Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution Concerning the Control of
Emissions of Nitrogen Oxides or Control of Emissions of Nitrogen Oxides
or Their Transboundary Fluxes
Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants: Protocol to the 1979
Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution on Persistent
Organic Pollutants
Air Pollution-Sulphur 85: Protocol to the 1979 Convention on Long-
Range Transboundary Air Pollution on the Reduction of Sulphur Emissions
or Their Transboundary Fluxes by at Least 30%
Air Pollution-Sulphur 94: Protocol to the 1979 Convention on Long-
Range Transboundary Air Pollution on Further Reduction of Sulphur
Emissions
Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds: Protocol to the 1979
Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution Concerning the
Control of Emissions of Volatile Organic Compounds or Their
Transboundary Fluxes
AL: Arab League
AMF: Arab Monetary Fund
AMU: Arab Maghreb Union
Antarctic-Environmental Protocol: Protocol on Environmental Protection
to the Antarctic Treaty
ANZUS: Australia-New Zealand-United States Security Treaty
APEC: Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation
Arabsat: Arab Satellite Communications Organization
ARF: ASEAN Regional Forum
AsDB: Asian Development Bank
ASEAN: Association of Southeast Asian Nations
Autodin: Automatic Digital Network
Benelux: Benelux Economic Union
Biodiversity: Convention on Biological Diversity
BIS: Bank for International Settlements
BSEC: Black Sea Economic Cooperation Zone
C: Commonwealth
CACM: Central American Common Market
CAEU: Council of Arab Economic Unity
CAN: Andean Community of Nations
Caricom: Caribbean Community and Common Market
CB: citizen's band mobile radio communications
CBSS: Council of the Baltic Sea States
CCC: Customs Cooperation Council
CDB: Caribbean Development Bank
CE: Council of Europe
CEI: Central European Initiative
CEMA: Council for Mutual Economic Assistance; also known as CMEA or
Comecon
CEMAC: Monetary and Economic Community of Central Africa
CEPGL: Economic Community of the Great Lakes Countries
CERN: European Organization for Nuclear Research
c.i.f.: cost, insurance, and freight
CIS: Commonwealth of Independent States
CITES: see Endangered Species
Climate Change: United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol: Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations
Framework Convention on Climate Change
COCOM: Coordinating Committee on Export Controls
Comsat: Communications Satellite Corporation
CP: Colombo Plan
CY: calendar year
DC: developed country
Desertification: United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification
in Those Countries Experiencing Serious Drought and/or Desertification,
Particularly in Africa
DSN: Defense Switched Network
DWT: deadweight ton
EADB: East African Development Bank
EAPC: Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council
EBRD: European Bank for Reconstruction and Development
EC: European Community
ECA: Economic Commission for Africa
ECE: Economic Commission for Europe
ECLAC: Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean
ECO: Economic Cooperation Organization
ECOSOC: Economic and Social Council
ECOWAS: Economic Community of West African States
ECS: European Coal and Steel Community
EEC: European Economic Community
EFTA: European Free Trade Association
EIB: European Investment Bank
EMU: European Monetary Union
Endangered Species: Convention on the International Trade in
Endangered Species of Wild Flora and Fauna (CITES)
Entente: Council of the Entente
Environmental Modification: Convention on the Prohibition of Military
or Any Other Hostile Use of Environmental Modification Techniques
ESA: European Space Agency
ESCAP: Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific
ESCWA: Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia
est.: estimate
EU: European Union
Euratom: European Atomic Energy Community
Eutelsat: European Telecommunications Satellite Organization
Ex-Im: Export-Import Bank of the United States
FAO: Food and Agriculture Organization
FAX: facsimile
f.o.b.: free on board
FLS: Front Line States
FRG: Federal Republic of Germany (West Germany); used for information
dated before 3 October 1990 or CY91
FSU: former Soviet Union
FY: fiscal year
FYROM: The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia
FZ: Franc Zone
G-2: Group of 2
G-3: Group of 3
G-5: Group of 5
G-6: Group of 6
G-7: Group of 7
G-8: Group of 8
G-9: Group of 9
G-10: Group of 10
G-11: Group of 11
G-15: Group of 15
G-19: Group of 19
G-24: Group of 24
G-30: Group of 30
G-33: Group of 33
G-77: Group of 77
GATT: General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade; now WTrO
GCC: Gulf Cooperation Council
GDP: gross domestic product
GDR: German Democratic Republic (East Germany); used for information
dated before 3 October 1990 or CY91
GNP: gross national product
GRT: gross register ton
GWP: gross world product
Habitat: United Nations Center for Human Settlements
Hazardous Wastes: Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary
Movements of Hazardous Wastes and Their Disposal
HF: high-frequency
IADB: Inter-American Development Bank
IAEA: International Atomic Energy Agency
IBEC: International Bank for Economic Cooperation
IBRD: International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (World
Bank)
ICAO: International Civil Aviation Organization
ICC: International Chamber of Commerce
ICJ: International Court of Justice (World Court)
ICRC: International Committee of the Red Cross
ICRM: International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement
ICTR: International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda
ICTY: International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia
IDA: International Development Association
IDB: Islamic Development Bank
IEA: International Energy Agency
IFAD: International Fund for Agricultural Development
IFC: International Finance Corporation
IFCTU: International Federation of Christian Trade Unions
IFRCS: International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent
Societies
IGAD: Inter-Governmental Authority on Development
IGADD: Inter-Governmental Authority on Drought and Development
IHO: International Hydrographic Organization
IIB: International Investment Bank
ILO: International Labor Organization
IMF: International Monetary Fund
IMO: International Maritime Organization
Inmarsat: International Mobile Satellite Organization
InOC: Indian Ocean Commission
INSTRAW: International Research and Training Institute for the
Advancement of Women
Intelsat: International Telecommunications Satellite Organization
Interpol: International Criminal Police Organization
Intersputnik: International Organization of Space Communications
IOC: International Olympic Committee
IOM: International Organization for Migration
ISO: International Organization for Standardization
ITU: International Telecommunication Union
kHz: kilohertz
km: kilometer
kW: kilowatt
kWh: kilowatt-hour
LAES: Latin American Economic System
LAIA: Latin American Integration Association
Law of the Sea: United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (LOS)
LDC: less developed country
LLDC: least developed country
London Convention: see Marine Dumping
LOS: see Law of the Sea
m: meter
Marecs: Maritime European Communications Satellite
Marine Dumping: Convention on the Prevention of Marine Pollution by
Dumping Wastes and Other Matter
Marine Life Conservation: Convention on Fishing and Conservation of
Living Resources of the High Seas
MARPOL: see Ship Pollution
Medarabtel: Middle East Telecommunications Project of the
International Telecommunications Union
Mercosur: Southern Cone Common Market
MHz: megahertz
MINURSO: United Nations Mission for the Referendum in Western Sahara
MONUC: United Nations Organization Mission in the Democratic Republic
of the Congo
NA: not available
NAM: Nonaligned Movement
NATO: North Atlantic Treaty Organization
NC: Nordic Council
NEA: Nuclear Energy Agency
NEGL: negligible
NIB: Nordic Investment Bank
NIC: newly industrializing country
NIE: newly industrializing economy
NIS: new independent states
NM: nautical mile
NMT: Nordic Mobile Telephone
NSG: Nuclear Suppliers Group
Nuclear Test Ban: Treaty Banning Nuclear Weapons Tests in the
Atmosphere, in Outer Space, and Under Water
NZ: New Zealand
OAPEC: Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries
OAS: Organization of American States
OAU: Organization of African Unity
ODA: official development assistance
OECD: Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development
OECS: Organization of Eastern Caribbean States
OIC: Organization of the Islamic Conference
OOF: other official flows
OPCW: Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons
OPEC: Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries
OSCE: Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe
Ozone Layer Protection: Montreal Protocol on Substances That Deplete
the Ozone Layer
PCA: Permanent Court of Arbitration
PDRY: People's Democratic Republic of Yemen [Yemen (Aden) or South
Yemen]; used for information dated before 22 May 1990 or CY91
PFP: Partnership for Peace
Ramsar: see Wetlands
RG: Rio Group
SAARC: South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation
SACU: Southern African Customs Union
SADC: Southern African Development Community
SFRY: Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia
SHF: super-high-frequency
Ship Pollution: Protocol of 1978 Relating to the International
Convention for the Prevention of Pollution From Ships, 1973 (MARPOL)
Sparteca: South Pacific Regional Trade and Economic Cooperation
Agreement
SPC: South Pacific Commission
SPF: South Pacific Forum
sq km: square kilometer
sq mi: square mile
TAT: Trans-Atlantic Telephone
Tropical Timber 83: International Tropical Timber Agreement, 1983
Tropical Timber 94: International Tropical Timber Agreement, 1994
UAE: United Arab Emirates
UHF: ultra-high-frequency
UK: United Kingdom
UN: United Nations
UNAMIR: United Nations Assistance Mission for Rwanda
UNAMSIL: United Nations Mission in Sierra Leone
UNAVEM III: United Nations Angola Verification Mission III
UNCRO: United Nations Confidence Restoration Operation in Croatia
UNCTAD: United Nations Conference on Trade and Development
UNDCP: United Nations Drug Control Program
UNDOF: United Nations Disengagement Observer Force
UNDP: United Nations Development Program
UNEP: United Nations Environment Program
UNESCO: United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural
Organization
UNFICYP: United Nations Peace-keeping Force in Cyprus
UNHCR: United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
UNHCRHR: United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights
UNICEF: United Nations Children's Fund
UNICRI: United Nations Interregional Crime and Justice Research
Institute
UNIDIR: United Nations Disarmament Research
UNIDO: United Nations Industrial Development Organization
UNIFIL: United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon
UNIKOM: United Nations Iraq-Kuwait Observation Mission
UNITAR: United Nations Institute for Training and Research
UNMEE: United Nations Mission in Ethiopia and Eritrea
UNMIBH: United Nations Mission in Bosnia and Herzegovina
UNMIK: United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo
UNMOGIP: United Nations Military Observer Group in India and Pakistan
UNMOP: United Nations Mission of Observers in Prevlaka
UNMOT: United Nations Mission of Observers in Tajikistan
UNMOVIC: United Nations Monitoring and Verification Commission
UNOMIG: United Nations Observer Mission in Georgia
UNOMSIL: United Nations Mission of Observers in Sierra Leone
UNRISD: United Nations Research Institute for Social Development
UNRWA: United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees
in the Near East
UNSMIH: United Nations Support Mission in Haiti
UNTAET: United Nations Transitional Administration in East Timor
UNTSO: United Nations Truce Supervision Organization
UNU: United Nations University
UPU: Universal Postal Union
US: United States
USSR: Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (Soviet Union); used for
information dated before 25 December 1991
USSR/EE: Union of Soviet Socialist Republics/Eastern Europe
VHF: very-high-frequency
VSAT: very small aperture terminal
WADB: West African Development Bank
WAEMU: West African Economic and Monetary Union
WCL: World Confederation of Labor
Wetlands: Convention on Wetlands of International Importance
Especially As Waterfowl Habitat
WEU: Western European Union
WFC: World Food Council
WFP: World Food Program
WFTU: World Federation of Trade Unions
Whaling: International Convention for the Regulation of Whaling
WHO: World Health Organization
WIPO: World Intellectual Property Organization
WMO: World Meteorological Organization
WP: Warsaw Pact
WTO: see WToO for World Tourism Organization or WTrO for World Trade
Organization
WToO: World Tourism Organization
WTrO: World Trade Organization
YAR: Yemen Arab Republic [Yemen (Sanaa) or North Yemen]; used for
information dated before 22 May 1990 or CY91
ZC: Zangger Committee
=====================================================================
Appendix B: International Organizations and Groups
advanced developing countries: another term for those less developed
countries (LDCs) with particularly rapid industrial development; see
newly industrializing economies (NIEs)
advanced economies: a term used by the International Monetary FUND
(IMF) for the top group in its hierarchy of advanced economies,
countries in transition, and developing countries; it includes the
following 28 advanced economies: Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada,
Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hong Kong, Iceland, Ireland,
Israel, Italy, Japan, South Korea, Luxembourg, Netherlands, NZ, Norway,
Portugal, Singapore, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Taiwan, UK, US; note -
this group would presumably also cover the following seven smaller
countries of Andorra, Bermuda, Faroe Islands, Holy See, Liechtenstein,
Monaco, and San Marino which are included in the more comprehensive
group of "developed countries"
African, Caribbean, and Pacific Group of States (ACP Group):
established - 6 June 1975
aim - to manage their preferential economic and aid relationship with
the EU
members - (77) Angola, Antigua and Barbuda, The Bahamas, Barbados,
Belize, Benin, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Cape Verde,
Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Democratic Republic of the
Congo, Republic of the Congo, Cook Islands, Cote d'Ivoire, Djibouti,
Dominica, Dominican Republic, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Ethiopia,
Fiji, Gabon, The Gambia, Ghana, Grenada, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana,
Haiti, Jamaica, Kenya, Kiribati, Lesotho, Liberia, Madagascar, Malawi,
Mali, Marshall Islands, Mauritania, Mauritius, Federated States of
Micronesia, Mozambique, Namibia, Nauru, Niger, Nigeria, Niue, Palau,
Papua New Guinea, Rwanda, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint
Vincent and the Grenadines, Samoa, Sao Tome and Principe, Senegal,
Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Solomon Islands, Somalia, South Africa,
Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Tanzania, Togo, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago,
Tuvalu, Uganda, Vanuatu, Zambia, Zimbabwe
African Development Bank (AfDB): note - also known as Banque Africaine
de Developpement (BAD)
established - 4 August 1963
aim - to promote economic and social development
regional members - (53) Algeria, Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burkina
Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad,
Comoros, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Congo, Cote
d'Ivoire, Djibouti, Egypt, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Gabon,
The Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, Lesotho, Liberia,
Libya, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Mauritius, Morocco,
Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda, Sao Tome and Principe,
Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Africa, Sudan,
Swaziland, Tanzania, Togo, Tunisia, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe
nonregional members - (24) Argentina, Austria, Belgium, Brazil, Canada,
China, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, India, Italy, Japan, South
Korea, Kuwait, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Saudi Arabia, Spain,
Sweden, Switzerland, UK, US
Agency for the French-Speaking Community (ACCT): note - formerly
Agency for Cultural and Technical Cooperation
established - 20 March 1970; name changed 1996
aim - to promote cultural and technical cooperation among French-
speaking countries
members - (41) Belgium, Benin, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Burundi,
Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad,
Comoros, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Congo, Cote
d'Ivoire, Djibouti, Dominica, Equatorial Guinea, France, Gabon, Guinea,
Haiti, Laos, Lebanon, Luxembourg, Madagascar, Mali, Mauritius, Moldova,
Monaco, Niger, Romania, Rwanda, Sao Tome and Principe, Senegal,
Seychelles, Switzerland, Togo, Tunisia, Vanuatu, Vietnam
associate members - (7) Albania, Egypt, Guinea-Bissau, The Former
Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Mauritania, Morocco, Saint Lucia
observers - (4) Czech Republic, Lithuania, Poland, Slovenia
participating governments - (2) New Brunswick (Canada), Quebec (Canada)
Agency for the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons in Latin America and the
Caribbean (OPANAL): note - acronym from Organismo para la Proscripcion
de las Armas Nucleares en la America Latina y el Caribe (OPANAL)
established - 14 February 1967 under the Treaty of Tlatelolco;
effective - 25 April 1969 on the 11th ratification of the treaty
aim - to encourage the peaceful uses of atomic energy and prohibit
nuclear weapons
members - (32) Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, The Bahamas, Barbados,
Belize, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Dominica,
Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Grenada, Guatemala, Guyana,
Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru,
Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines,
Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, Uruguay, Venezuela; note - Cuba signed
the treaty but did not ratify it
Andean Community of Nations (CAN): note - formerly known as the Andean
Group (AG), the Andean Parliament, and most recently as the Andean
Common Market (Ancom)
established - 26 May 1969; present name established 1 October 1992;
effective - 16 October 1969
aim - to promote harmonious development through economic integration
members - (5) Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Venezuela
Arab Bank for Economic Development in Africa (ABEDA): note - also
known as Banque Arabe de Developpement Economique en Afrique (BADEA)
established - 18 February 1974; effective - 16 September 1974
aim - to promote economic development
members - (17 plus the Palestine Liberation Organization) Algeria,
Bahrain, Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Libya, Mauritania,
Morocco, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Sudan, Syria, Tunisia, UAE,
Palestine Liberation Organization; note - these are all the members of
the Arab League excluding Comoros, Djibouti, Somalia, Yemen
Arab Cooperation Council (ACC): established - 16 February 1989
aim - to promote economic cooperation and integration, possibly leading
to an Arab Common Market
members - (4) Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Yemen
Arab Fund for Economic and Social Development (AFESD): established -
16 May 1968
aim - to promote economic and social development
members - (20 plus the Palestine Liberation Organization) Algeria,
Bahrain, Djibouti, Egypt, Iraq (suspended 1993), Jordan, Kuwait,
Lebanon, Libya, Mauritania, Morocco, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Somalia
(suspended 1993), Sudan, Syria, Tunisia, UAE, Yemen, Palestine
Liberation Organization
Arab League (AL): note - also known as League of Arab States (LAS)
established - 22 March 1945
aim - to promote economic, social, political, and military cooperation
members - (21 plus the Palestine Liberation Organization) Algeria,
Bahrain, Comoros, Djibouti, Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon,
Libya, Mauritania, Morocco, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Somalia, Sudan,
Syria, Tunisia, UAE, Yemen, Palestine Liberation Organization
Arab Maghreb Union (AMU): established - 17 February 1989
aim - to promote cooperation and integration among the Arab states of
northern Africa
members - (5) Algeria, Libya, Mauritania, Morocco, Tunisia
Arab Monetary Fund (AMF): established - 27 April 1976; effective - 2
February 1977
aim - to promote Arab cooperation, development, and integration in
monetary and economic affairs
members - (20 plus the Palestine Liberation Organization) Algeria,
Bahrain, Djibouti, Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Libya,
Mauritania, Morocco, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Somalia, Sudan, Syria,
Tunisia, UAE, Yemen, Palestine Liberation Organization
Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC): established - 7 November
1989
aim - to promote trade and investment in the Pacific basin
members - (21) Australia, Brunei, Canada, Chile, China, Hong Kong,
Indonesia, Japan, South Korea, Malaysia, Mexico, NZ, Papua New Guinea,
Peru, Philippines, Russia, Singapore, Taiwan, Thailand, US, Vietnam
observers - (3) Association of Southeast Asian Nations, Pacific
Economic Cooperation Conference, South Pacific Forum
Asian Development Bank (AsDB): established - 19 December 1966
aim - to promote regional economic cooperation
regional members - (43) Afghanistan, Australia, Azerbaijan, Bangladesh,
Bhutan, Burma, Cambodia, China, Cook Islands, Fiji, Hong Kong, India,
Indonesia, Japan, Kazakhstan, Kiribati, South Korea, Kyrgyzstan, Laos,
Malaysia, Maldives, Marshall Islands, Federated States of Micronesia,
Mongolia, Nauru, Nepal, NZ, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, Philippines,
Samoa, Singapore, Solomon Islands, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Tajikistan,
Thailand, Tonga, Turkmenistan, Tuvalu, Uzbekistan, Vanuatu, Vietnam
nonregional members - (16) Austria, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, Finland,
France, Germany, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Spain, Sweden,
Switzerland, Turkey, UK, US
Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN): established - 8 August
1967
aim - to encourage regional economic, social, and cultural cooperation
among the non-Communist countries of Southeast Asia
members - (10) Brunei, Burma, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia,
Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, Vietnam
observer - (1) Papua New Guinea
dialogue partners - (11) Australia, Canada, China, EU, India, Japan,
South Korea, NZ, Russia, US, UNDP
ASEAN Regional Forum (ARF): established - NA 1994
aim - to foster constructive dialogue and consultation on political and
security issues of common interest and concern
members - (10) Brunei, Burma, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia,
Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, Vietnam
dialogue partners - (13) Australia, Canada, China, EU, India, Japan,
North Korea, South Korea, Mongolia, NZ, Papua New Guinea, Russia, US
Australia Group: established - NA 1984
aim - to consult on and coordinate export controls related to chemical
and biological weapons
members - (33) Argentina, Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Cyprus,
Czech Republic, Denmark, European Commission, Finland, France, Germany,
Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Japan, South Korea,
Luxembourg, Netherlands, NZ, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania,
Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, UK, US
observer - (1) Singapore
Australia-New Zealand-United States Security Treaty (ANZUS):
established - 1 September 1951; effective - 29 April 1952
aim - to implement a trilateral mutual security agreement, although the
US suspended security obligations to NZ on 11 August 1986; Australia
and the US continue to hold annual meetings
members - (3) Australia, NZ, US
Bank for International Settlements (BIS): established - 20 January
1930; effective - 17 March 1930
aim - to promote cooperation among central banks in international
financial settlements
members - (49) Argentina, Australia, Austria, Belgium, Bosnia and
Herzegovina, Brazil, Bulgaria, Canada, China, Croatia, Czech Republic,
Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hong Kong, Hungary,
Iceland, India, Ireland, Italy, Japan, South Korea, Latvia, Lithuania,
The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Malaysia, Mexico,
Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Saudi Arabia,
Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, South Africa, Spain, Sweden,
Switzerland, Thailand, Turkey, UK, US, Yugoslavia
Benelux Economic Union (Benelux): note - acronym from Belgium,
Netherlands, and Luxembourg
established - 3 February 1958; effective - 1 November 1960
aim - to develop closer economic cooperation and integration
members - (3) Belgium, Luxembourg, Netherlands
Big Seven: note - membership is the same as the Group of 7
established - NA 1975
aim - to discuss and coordinate major economic policies
members - (7) Big Six (Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, UK) plus
the US
Big Six: note - not to be confused with the Group of 6
established - NA 1967
aim - to foster economic cooperation
members - (6) Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, UK
Black Sea Economic Cooperation Zone (BSEC): established - 25 June 1992
aim - to enhance regional stability through economic cooperation
members - (11) Albania, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bulgaria, Georgia, Greece,
Moldova, Romania, Russia, Turkey, Ukraine
observers - (7) Austria, Egypt, Israel, Italy, Poland, Slovakia,
Tunisia
Caribbean Community and Common Market (Caricom): established - 4 July
1973; effective - 1 August 1973
aim - to promote economic integration and development, especially among
the less developed countries
members - (14) Antigua and Barbuda, The Bahamas, Barbados, Belize,
Dominica, Grenada, Guyana, Jamaica, Montserrat, Saint Kitts and Nevis,
Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Suriname, Trinidad and
Tobago
associate members - (3) Anguilla, British Virgin Islands, Turks and
Caicos Islands
observers - (10) Aruba, Bermuda, Cayman Islands, Colombia, Dominican
Republic, Haiti, Mexico, Netherlands Antilles, Puerto Rico, Venezuela;
note - when Haiti has deposited an appropriate instrument of accession
with the Secretary General, it will become a full member of the
Community
Caribbean Development Bank (CDB): established - 18 October 1969;
effective - 26 January 1970
aim - to promote economic development and cooperation
regional members - (20) Anguilla, Antigua and Barbuda, The Bahamas,
Barbados, Belize, British Virgin Islands, Cayman Islands, Colombia,
Dominica, Grenada, Guyana, Jamaica, Mexico, Montserrat, Saint Kitts and
Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Trinidad and
Tobago, Turks and Caicos Islands, Venezuela
nonregional members - (5) Canada, China, Germany, Italy, UK
Central African Customs and Economic Union (UDEAC): see Monetary and
Economic Community of Central Africa (CEMAC)
Central African States Development Bank (BDEAC): note - acronym from
Banque de Developpement des Etats de l'Afrique Centrale
established - 3 December 1975
aim - to provide loans for economic development
members - (9) Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Republic of the
Congo, Equatorial Guinea, France, Gabon, Germany, Kuwait
Central American Bank for Economic Integration (BCIE): note - acronym
from Banco Centroamericano de Integracion Economico
established - 13 December 1960 signature of Articles of Agreement; 31
May 1961 began operations
aim - to promote economic integration and development
members - (5) Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua
nonregional members - (4) Argentina, Colombia, Mexico, Taiwan
Central American Common Market (CACM): established - 13 December 1960,
collapsed in 1969, reinstated in 1991
aim - to promote establishment of a Central American Common Market
members - (5) Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua;
note - Panama, although not a member, pursues full regional cooperation
Central European Initiative (CEI): note - evolved from the
Quadrilateral Initiative and the Hexagonal Initiative
established - 11 November 1989 as the Quadrilateral Initiative, 27 July
1991 became the Hexagonal Initiative, NA July 1992 present name adopted
aim - to form an economic and political cooperation group for the
region between the Adriatic and the Baltic Seas
members - (17) Albania, Austria, Belarus, Bosnia and Herzegovina,
Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Hungary, Italy, The Former Yugoslav
Republic of Macedonia, Moldova, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia,
Ukraine, Yugoslavia
centrally planned economies : a term applied mainly to the
traditionally communist states that looked to the former USSR for
leadership; most are now evolving toward more democratic and market-
oriented systems; also known formerly as the Second World or as the
communist countries; through the 1980s, this group included Albania,
Bulgaria, Cambodia, China, Cuba, Czechoslovakia, GDR, Hungary, North
Korea, Laos, Mongolia, Poland, Romania, USSR, Vietnam, Yugoslavia
Colombo Plan (CP): established - NA May 1950 proposal was adopted; 1
July 1951 commenced full operations
aim - to promote economic and social development in Asia and the
Pacific
members - (24) Afghanistan, Australia, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Burma,
Cambodia, Fiji, India, Indonesia, Iran, Japan, South Korea, Laos,
Malaysia, Maldives, Nepal, NZ, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, Philippines,
Singapore, Sri Lanka, Thailand, US
Commonwealth (C): note - also known as Commonwealth of Nations
established - 31 December 1931
aim - to foster multinational cooperation and assistance, as a
voluntary association that evolved from the British Empire
members - (54) Antigua and Barbuda, Australia, The Bahamas, Bangladesh,
Barbados, Belize, Botswana, Brunei, Cameroon, Canada, Cyprus, Dominica,
Fiji, The Gambia, Ghana, Grenada, Guyana, India, Jamaica, Kenya,
Kiribati, Lesotho, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Malta, Mauritius,
Mozambique, Namibia, Nauru, NZ, Nigeria, Pakistan (suspended), Papua
New Guinea, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the
Grenadines, Samoa, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Solomon
Islands, South Africa, Sri Lanka, Swaziland, Tanzania, Tonga, Trinidad
and Tobago, Tuvalu, Uganda, UK, Vanuatu, Zambia, Zimbabwe
Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS): established - 8 December
1991; effective - 21 December 1991
aim - to coordinate intercommonwealth relations and to provide a
mechanism for the orderly dissolution of the USSR
members - (12) Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia, Kazakhstan,
Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine,
Uzbekistan
communist countries: traditionally the Marxist-Leninist states with
authoritarian governments and command economies based on the Soviet
model; most of the original and the successor states are no longer
communist; see centrally planned economies
Coordinating Committee on Export Controls (COCOM): established in 1949
to control the export of strategic products and technical data from
member countries to proscribed destinations; members were Australia,
Belgium, Canada, Denmark, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Japan,
Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Turkey, UK, US;
abolished 31 March 1994; COCOM members established a new organization,
the Wassenaar Arrangement, with expanded membership on 12 July 1996
which focuses on nonproliferation export controls as opposed to East-
West control of advanced technology
Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (CEMA): note - also known as
CMEA or Comecon
established 25 January 1949 to promote the development of socialist
economies and abolished 1 January 1991; members included Afghanistan
(observer), Albania (had not participated since 1961 break with USSR),
Angola (observer), Bulgaria, Cuba, Czechoslovakia, Ethiopia (observer),
GDR, Hungary, Laos (observer), Mongolia, Mozambique (observer),
Nicaragua (observer), Poland, Romania, USSR, Vietnam, Yemen (observer),
Yugoslavia (associate)
Council of Arab Economic Unity (CAEU): established - 3 June 1957;
effective - 30 May 1964
aim - to promote economic integration among Arab nations
members - (11 plus the Palestine Liberation Organization) Egypt, Iraq,
Jordan, Kuwait, Libya, Mauritania, Somalia, Sudan, Syria, UAE, Yemen,
Palestine Liberation Organization
Council of Europe (CE): established - 5 May 1949; effective - 3 August
1949
aim - to promote increased unity and quality of life in Europe
members - (43) Albania, Andorra, Armenia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belgium,
Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland,
France, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy,
Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, The Former Yugoslav
Republic of Macedonia, Malta, Moldova, Netherlands, Norway, Poland,
Portugal, Romania, Russia, San Marino, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain,
Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, UK
guests - (2) Bosnia and Herzegovina, Yugoslavia
observers - (5) Canada, Israel, Japan, Mexico, US
Council of the Baltic Sea States (CBSS): established - 6 March 1992
aim - to promote cooperation among the Baltic Sea states in the areas
of aid to new democratic institutions, economic development,
humanitarian aid, energy and the environment, cultural programs and
education, and transportation and communication
members - (12) Denmark, Estonia, EU, Finland, Germany, Iceland, Latvia,
Lithuania, Norway, Poland, Russia, Sweden
Council of the Entente (Entente): established - 29 May 1959
aim - to promote economic, social, and political coordination
members - (5) Benin, Burkina Faso, Cote d'Ivoire, Niger, Togo
countries in transition: a term used by the International Monetary
FUND (IMF) for the middle group in its hierarchy of advanced economies,
countries in transition, and developing countries; recently published
IMF statistics include the following 28 countries in transition:
Albania, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Bosnia and Herzegovina,
Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Estonia, Georgia, Hungary,
Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Lithuania, The Former Yugoslav Republic
of Macedonia, Moldova, Mongolia, Poland, Romania, Russia, Slovakia,
Slovenia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, Uzbekistan, Yugoslavia;
note - this group is identical to the group traditionally referred to
as the "former USSR/Eastern Europe" except for the addition of Mongolia
Customs Cooperation Council (CCC): note - also known as World Customs
Organization (WCO)
established - 15 December 1950
aim - to promote international cooperation in customs matters
members - (153) Albania, Algeria, Andorra, Angola, Argentina, Armenia,
Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, The Bahamas, Bangladesh, Barbados,
Belarus, Belgium, Benin, Bermuda, Bolivia, Botswana, Brazil, Brunei,
Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Burma, Burundi, Cameroon, Canada, Cape Verde,
Central African Republic, Chile, China, Colombia, Comoros, Democratic
Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Congo, Cote d'Ivoire, Croatia,
Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Ecuador, Egypt, Eritrea,
Estonia, Ethiopia, Fiji, Finland, France, Gabon, The Gambia, Georgia,
Germany, Ghana, Greece, Guatemala, Guinea, Guyana, Haiti, Hong Kong,
Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Israel, Italy,
Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, South Korea, Kuwait,
Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Macau, The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia,
Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Mauritania,
Mauritius, Mexico, Moldova, Mongolia, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia,
Nepal, Netherlands, NZ, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Norway, Oman,
Pakistan, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Qatar,
Romania, Russia, Rwanda, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra
Leone, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka,
Sudan, Swaziland, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Tajikistan, Tanzania,
Thailand, Togo, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan,
Uganda, Ukraine, UAE, UK, US, Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Venezuela, Vietnam,
Yemen, Zambia, Zimbabwe
developed countries (DCs): the top group in the hierarchy of developed
countries (DCs), former USSR/Eastern Europe (former USSR/EE), and less
developed countries (LDCs); includes the market-oriented economies of
the mainly democratic nations in the Organization for Economic
Cooperation and Development (OECD), Bermuda, Israel, South Africa, and
the European ministates; also known as the First World, high-income
countries, the North, industrial countries; generally have a per capita
GDP in excess of $10,000 although four OECD countries and South Africa
have figures well under $10,000 and two of the excluded OPEC countries
have figures of more than $10,000; the 35 DCs are: Andorra, Australia,
Austria, Belgium, Bermuda, Canada, Denmark, Faroe Islands, Finland,
France, Germany, Greece, Holy See, Iceland, Ireland, Israel, Italy,
Japan, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Malta, Mexico, Monaco, Netherlands,
NZ, Norway, Portugal, San Marino, South Africa, Spain, Sweden,
Switzerland, Turkey, UK, US; note - similar to the new International
Monetary Fund (IMF) term "advanced economies" which adds Hong Kong,
South Korea, Singapore, and Taiwan but drops Malta, Mexico, South
Africa, and Turkey
developing countries: a term used by the International Monetary Fund
(IMF) for the bottom group in its hierarchy of advanced economies,
countries in transition, and developing countries; recently published
IMF statistics include the following 126 developing countries:
Afghanistan, Algeria, Angola, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Aruba,
The Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belize, Benin, Bhutan,
Bolivia, Botswana, Brazil, Burkina Faso, Burma, Burundi, Cambodia,
Cameroon, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, China,
Colombia, Comoros, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the
Congo, Costa Rica, Cote d'Ivoire, Cyprus, Djibouti, Dominica, Dominican
Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Ethiopia,
Fiji, Gabon, The Gambia, Ghana, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-
Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Jamaica,
Jordan, Kenya, Kiribati, Kuwait, Laos, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia,
Libya, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Marshall
Islands, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Federated States of Micronesia,
Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Nepal, Netherlands Antilles, Nicaragua,
Niger, Nigeria, Oman, Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay,
Peru, Philippines, Qatar, Rwanda, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia,
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Samoa, Sao Tome and Principe, Saudi
Arabia, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Solomon Islands, Somalia,
South Africa, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Syria, Tanzania,
Thailand, Togo, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, UAE, Uganda,
Uruguay, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Vietnam, Yemen, Zambia, Zimbabwe; note -
this category would presumably also cover the following 46 other
countries that are traditionally included in the more comprehensive
group of "less developed countries": American Samoa, Anguilla, British
Virgin Islands, Brunei, Cayman Islands, Christmas Island, Cocos
Islands, Cook Islands, Cuba, Eritrea, Falkland Islands, French Guiana,
French Polynesia, Gaza Strip, Gibraltar, Greenland, Grenada,
Guadeloupe, Guam, Guernsey, Jersey, North Korea, Macau, Isle of Man,
Martinique, Mayotte, Montserrat, Nauru, New Caledonia, Niue, Norfolk
Island, Northern Mariana Islands, Palau, Pitcairn Islands, Puerto Rico,
Reunion, Saint Helena, Saint Pierre and Miquelon, Tokelau, Tonga, Turks
and Caicos Islands, Tuvalu, Virgin Islands, Wallis and Futuna, West
Bank, Western Sahara
East African Development Bank (EADB): established - 6 June 1967;
effective - 1 December 1967
aim - to promote economic development
members - (3) Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda
Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC): established - 26 June 1945;
effective - 24 October 1945
aim - to coordinate the economic and social work of the UN; includes
five regional commissions (Economic Commission for Africa, Economic
Commission for Europe, Economic Commission for Latin America and the
Caribbean, Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific,
Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia) and 9 functional
commissions (Commission for Social Development, Commission on Human
Rights, Commission on Narcotic Drugs, Commission on the Status of
Women, Commission on Population and Development, Statistical
Commission, Commission on Science and Technology for Development,
Commission on Sustainable Development, and Commission on Crime
Prevention and Criminal Justice)
members - (54) selected on a rotating basis from all regions
Economic Community of the Great Lakes Countries (CEPGL): note -
acronym from Communaute Economique des Pays des Grands Lacs
established - 20 September 1976
aim - to promote regional economic cooperation and integration
members - (3) Burundi, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Rwanda
Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS): established - 28
May 1975
aim - to promote regional economic cooperation
members - (16) Benin, Burkina Faso, Cape Verde, Cote d'Ivoire, The
Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Mali, Mauritania, Niger,
Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Togo
Economic Cooperation Organization (ECO): established - 27-29 January
1985
aim - to promote regional cooperation in trade, transportation,
communications, tourism, cultural affairs, and economic development
members - (10) Afghanistan, Azerbaijan, Iran, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan,
Pakistan, Tajikistan, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan
associate member - (1) "Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus"
Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council (EAPC): note - began as the North
Atlantic Cooperation Council (NACC); an extension of NATO
established - 8 November 1991; effective - 20 December 1991
aim - to discuss cooperation on mutual political and security issues
members - (46) Albania, Armenia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Belgium,
Bulgaria, Canada, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland,
France, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy,
Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, The Former
Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Moldova, Netherlands, Norway, Poland,
Portugal, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden,
Switzerland, Tajikistan, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, UK, US,
Uzbekistan
European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD): established -
8-9 January 1990 (proposals made); 15 April 1991 (bank inaugurated)
aim - to facilitate the transition of seven centrally planned economies
in Europe (Bulgaria, former Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Poland, Romania,
former USSR, and former Yugoslavia) to market economies by committing
60% of its loans to privatization
members - (61) Albania, Armenia, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan,
Belarus, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Canada, Croatia,
Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Egypt, EU, European Investment Bank
(EIB), Estonia, Finland, France, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Hungary,
Iceland, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan, Kazakhstan, South Korea,
Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, The Former
Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Malta, Mexico, Moldova, Mongolia,
Morocco, Netherlands, NZ, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia,
Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Tajikistan, Turkey,
Turkmenistan, Ukraine, UK, US, Uzbekistan; note - includes all 25
members of the OECD; also includes the EU as a single entity
European Community (or European Communities, EC): was established 8
April 1965 to integrate the European Atomic Energy Community (Euratom),
the European Coal and Steel Community (ESC), the European Economic
Community (EEC or Common Market), and to establish a completely
integrated common market and an eventual federation of Europe; merged
into the European Union (EU) on 7 February 1992; member states at the
time of merger were Belgium, Denmark, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland,
Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, UK
European Free Trade Association (EFTA): established - 4 January 1960;
effective - 3 May 1960
aim - to promote expansion of free trade
members - (4) Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway, Switzerland
European Investment Bank (EIB): established - 25 March 1957; effective
- 1 January 1958
aim - to promote economic development of the EU and its predecessors,
the EEC and the EC
members - (15) Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany,
Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Portugal, Spain,
Sweden, UK
European Monetary Union (EMU): note - an integral part of the European
Union; also known as the European Economic and Monetary Union
proposed - 1-2 December 1969 at summit conference of heads of
government; signed - 7 February 1992 - Maastricht Treaty
aim - to promote a single market by creating a single currency, the
euro; time table - 2 May 1998: European exchange rates fixed for 1
January 1999; 1 January 1999: all banks and stock exchanges begin using
euros; 1 January 2002: the euro goes into circulation; 1 July 2002
local currencies no longer accepted
members - (12) Austria, Belgium, Finland, France, Germany, Greece,
Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Portugal, Spain; note -
Denmark, Sweden, and UK decided not to join
European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN): note - acronym
retained from the predecessor organization Conseil Europeenne pour la
Recherche Nucleaire
established - 1 July 1953; effective - 29 September 1954
aim - to foster nuclear research for peaceful purposes only
members - (20) Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Denmark,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, UK
observers - (7) European Commission, Israel, Japan, Russia, Turkey,
United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization
(UNESCO), US
European Space Agency (ESA): established - 31 May 1975
aim - to promote peaceful cooperation in space research and technology
members - (15) Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany,
Ireland, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden,
Switzerland, UK
cooperating state - (1) Canada
European Union (EU): note - evolved from the European Community (EC)
established - 7 February 1992; effective - 1 November 1993
aim - to coordinate policy among the 15 members in three fields:
economics, building on the European Economic Community's (EEC) efforts
to establish a common market and eventually a common currency to be
called the 'euro', which superseded the EU's accounting unit, the ECU;
defense, within the concept of a Common Foreign and Security Policy
(CFSP); and justice and home affairs, including immigration, drugs,
terrorism, and improved living and working conditions
members - (15) Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany,
Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Portugal, Spain,
Sweden, UK
membership applicants - (13) Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Estonia,
Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia,
Turkey
First World: another term for countries with advanced, industrialized
economies; this term is fading from use; see developed countries (DCs)
Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO): established - 16 October 1945
aim - to raise living standards and increase availability of
agricultural products, as a UN specialized agency
members - (180) Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Angola, Antigua and
Barbuda, Argentina, Armenia, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, The
Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bhutan,
Bolivia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Botswana, Brazil, Bulgaria, Burkina
Faso, Burma, Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada, Cape Verde, Central
African Republic, Chad, Chile, China, Colombia, Comoros, Democratic
Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Congo, Cook Islands, Costa Rica,
Cote d'Ivoire, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark,
Djibouti, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador,
Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Estonia, Ethiopia, EU, Fiji, Finland,
France, Gabon, The Gambia, Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Grenada,
Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Hungary,
Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica,
Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, Kiribati, North Korea, South Korea,
Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Latvia, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya,
Lithuania, Luxembourg, The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia,
Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Marshall Islands,
Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Moldova, Mongolia, Morocco, Mozambique,
Namibia, Nepal, Netherlands, NZ, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Niue,
Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Palau, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay,
Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Rwanda, Saint
Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Samoa,
San Marino, Sao Tome and Principe, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Seychelles,
Sierra Leone, Slovakia, Slovenia, Solomon Islands, Somalia, South
Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Sweden,
Switzerland, Syria, Tajikistan, Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, Tonga,
Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uganda, UAE, UK,
US, Uruguay, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Vietnam, Yemen, Zambia, Zimbabwe
applicant member - (1) Yugoslavia
former Soviet Union (FSU): former term often used to identify as a
group the successor nations to the Soviet Union or USSR; this group of
15 countries consists of Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Estonia,
Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova, Russia,
Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, Uzbekistan
former USSR/Eastern Europe (former USSR/EE): the middle group in the
hierarchy of developed countries (DCs), former USSR/Eastern Europe
(former USSR/EE), and less developed countries (LDCs); these countries
are in political and economic transition and may well be grouped
differently in the near future; this group of 27 countries consists of
Albania, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Bosnia and Herzegovina,
Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Estonia, Georgia, Hungary,
Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Lithuania, The Former Yugoslav Republic
of Macedonia, Moldova, Poland, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Slovenia,
Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, Uzbekistan, Yugoslavia; this group
is identical to the IMF group "countries in transition" except for the
IMF's inclusion of Mongolia
Four Dragons: the four small Asian less developed countries (LDCs)
that have experienced unusually rapid economic growth; also known as
the Four Tigers; this group consists of Hong Kong, South Korea,
Singapore, Taiwan; these countries are included in the IMF's "advanced
economies" group
Franc Zone (FZ): note - also known as Conference des Ministres des
Finances des Pays de la Zone Franc
established - NA 1964
aim - to form a monetary union among countries whose currencies are
linked to the French franc
members - (16) Benin, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Central African Republic,
Chad, Comoros, Republic of the Congo, Cote d'Ivoire, Equatorial Guinea,
France, Gabon, Guinea-Bissau, Mali, Niger, Senegal, Togo; note - France
includes metropolitan France, the four overseas departments of France
(French Guiana, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Reunion), the two territorial
collectivities of France (Mayotte, Saint Pierre and Miquelon), and the
three overseas territories of France (French Polynesia, New Caledonia,
Wallis and Futuna)
Front Line States (FLS): established to achieve black majority rule in
South Africa; has since gone out of existence; members included Angola,
Botswana, Mozambique, Namibia, Tanzania, Zambia, Zimbabwe
General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT): see the World Trade
Organization (WTrO)
Group of 2 (G-2): informal term that came into use about 1986; to
facilitate bilateral economic cooperation between the two most powerful
economic giants
Japan, US
Group of 3 (G-3): established - NA September 1990
aim - mechanism for policy coordination
members - (3) Colombia, Mexico, Venezuela
Group of 5 (G-5): established - 22 September 1985
aim - to coordinate the economic policies of five major noncommunist
economic powers
members - (5) France, Germany, Japan, UK, US
Group of 6 (G-6): note - also known as Groupe des Six Sur le
Desarmement; not to be confused with the Big Six
established - 22 May 1984
aim - to achieve nuclear disarmament
members - (6) Argentina, Greece, India, Mexico, Sweden, Tanzania
Group of 7 (G-7): note - membership is the same as the Big Seven
established - 22 September 1985
aim - to facilitate economic cooperation among the seven major
noncommunist economic powers
members - (7) Group of 5 (France, Germany, Japan, UK, US) plus Canada
and Italy
Group of 8 (G-8): established - NA October 1975
aim - to facilitate economic cooperation among the developed countries
(DCs) that participated in the Conference on International Economic
Cooperation (CIEC), held in several sessions between NA December 1975
and 3 June 1977
members - (9) Canada, EU (as one member), France, Germany, Italy,
Japan, Russia, UK, US
Group of 9 (G-9): established - NA
aim - to discuss matters of mutual interest on an informal basis
members - (9) Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Denmark, Finland, Hungary,
Romania, Sweden, Yugoslavia
Group of 10 (G-10): note - also known as the Paris Club; includes the
wealthiest members of the IMF who provide most of the money to be
loaned and act as the informal steering committee; name persists in
spite of the addition of Switzerland on NA April 1984
established - NA October 1962
aim - to coordinate credit policy
members - (11) Belgium, Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan,
Netherlands, Sweden, Switzerland, UK, US
nonstate participants - (4) BIS, EU, IMF, OECD
Group of 11 (G-11): note - also known as the Cartagena Group
established - 21-22 June 1984, in Cartagena, Colombia
aim - to provide a forum for largest debtor nations in Latin America
members - (11) Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Dominican
Republic, Ecuador, Mexico, Peru, Uruguay, Venezuela
Group of 15 (G-15): note - byproduct of the Nonaligned Movement
established - NA September 1989
aim - to promote economic cooperation among developing nations; to act
as the main political organ for the Nonaligned Movement
members - (15) Algeria, Argentina, Brazil, Egypt, India, Indonesia,
Jamaica, Malaysia, Mexico, Nigeria, Peru, Senegal, Venezuela, former
Yugoslavia, Zimbabwe
Group of 24 (G-24): established - 1 August 1989
aim - to promote the interests of developing countries in Africa, Asia,
and Latin America within the IMF
members - (24) Algeria, Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, Democratic
Republic of the Congo, Cote d'Ivoire, Egypt, Ethiopia, Gabon, Ghana,
Guatemala, India, Iran, Lebanon, Mexico, Nigeria, Pakistan, Peru,
Philippines, Sri Lanka, Syria, Trinidad and Tobago, Venezuela,
Yugoslavia
Group of 77 (G-77): established - 15 June 1964 was set up; NA October
1967 first ministerial meeting
aim - to promote economic cooperation among developing countries; name
persists in spite of increased membership
members - (131 plus the Palestine Liberation Organization) Afghanistan,
Algeria, Angola, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, The Bahamas, Bahrain,
Bangladesh, Barbados, Belize, Benin, Bhutan, Bolivia, Bosnia and
Herzegovina, Botswana, Brazil, Brunei, Burkina Faso, Burma, Burundi,
Cambodia, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile,
China, Colombia, Comoros, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of
the Congo, Costa Rica, Cote d'Ivoire, Cuba, Cyprus, Djibouti, Dominica,
Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea,
Ethiopia, Fiji, Gabon, The Gambia, Ghana, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea,
Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq,
Jamaica, Jordan, Kenya, North Korea, South Korea, Kuwait, Laos,
Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia,
Maldives, Mali, Malta, Marshall Islands, Mauritania, Mauritius,
Federated States of Micronesia, Mongolia, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia,
Nepal, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Oman, Pakistan, Panama, Papua New
Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Qatar, Romania, Rwanda, Saint
Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Samoa,
Sao Tome and Principe, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone,
Singapore, Solomon Islands, Somalia, South Africa, Sri Lanka, Sudan,
Suriname, Swaziland, Syria, Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, Tonga, Trinidad
and Tobago, Tunisia, Uganda, UAE, Uruguay, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Vietnam,
Yemen, Yugoslavia, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Palestine Liberation Organization
Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC): note - also known as the Cooperation
Council for the Arab States of the Gulf
established - 25 May 1981
aim - to promote regional cooperation in economic, social, political,
and military affairs
members - (6) Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, UAE
high-income countries: another term for the industrialized countries
with high per capita GDPs; see developed countries (DCs)
Indian Ocean Commission (InOC): established - 21 December 1982
aim - to organize and promote regional cooperation in all sectors,
especially economic
members - (5) Comoros, France (for Reunion), Madagascar, Mauritius,
Seychelles
industrial countries: another term for the developed countries; see
developed countries (DCs)
Inter-American Development Bank (IADB): note - also known as Banco
Interamericano de Desarrollo (BID)
established - 8 April 1959; effective - 30 December 1959
aim - to promote economic and social development in Latin America
members - (46) Argentina, Austria, The Bahamas, Barbados, Belgium,
Belize, Bolivia, Brazil, Canada, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Croatia,
Denmark, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Finland, France,
Germany, Guatemala, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Israel, Italy, Jamaica,
Japan, Mexico, Netherlands, Nicaragua, Norway, Panama, Paraguay, Peru,
Portugal, Slovenia, Spain, Suriname, Sweden, Switzerland, Trinidad and
Tobago, UK, US, Uruguay, Venezuela
Inter-Governmental Authority on Development (IGAD): note - formerly
known as Inter-Governmental Authority on Drought and Development
(IGADD)
established - 15-16 January 1986 as the Inter-Governmental Authority on
Drought and Development; revitalized - 21 March 1996 as the Inter-
Governmental Authority on Development
aim - to promote a social, economic, and scientific community among its
members
members - (6) Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kenya, Sudan, Uganda
International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA): established - 26 October
1956; effective - 29 July 1957
aim - to promote peaceful uses of atomic energy
members - (130) Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Angola, Argentina,
Armenia, Australia, Austria, Bangladesh, Belarus, Belgium, Benin,
Bolivia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Brazil, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Burma,
Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada, Chile, China, Colombia, Democratic Republic
of the Congo, Costa Rica, Cote d'Ivoire, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech
Republic, Denmark, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador,
Estonia, Ethiopia, Finland, France, Gabon, Georgia, Germany, Ghana,
Greece, Guatemala, Haiti, Holy See, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia,
Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan,
Kenya, South Korea, Kuwait, Latvia, Lebanon, Liberia, Libya,
Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, The Former Yugoslav Republic of
Macedonia, Madagascar, Malaysia, Mali, Malta, Marshall Islands,
Mauritius, Mexico, Moldova, Monaco, Mongolia, Morocco, Namibia,
Netherlands, NZ, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Norway, Pakistan, Panama,
Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Russia,
Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia,
South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria,
Tanzania, Thailand, Tunisia, Turkey, Uganda, Ukraine, UAE, UK, US,
Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Venezuela, Vietnam, Yemen, Yugoslavia, Zambia,
Zimbabwe
International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD): note -
also known as the World Bank
established - 22 July 1944; effective - 27 December 1945
aim - to provide economic development loans; a UN specialized agency
members - (182) Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Angola, Antigua and
Barbuda, Argentina, Armenia, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, The
Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belarus, Belgium, Belize,
Benin, Bhutan, Bolivia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Botswana, Brazil,
Brunei, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Burma, Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon,
Canada, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, China,
Colombia, Comoros, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the
Congo, Costa Rica, Cote d'Ivoire, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic,
Denmark, Djibouti, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El
Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Estonia, Ethiopia, Fiji, Finland,
France, Gabon, The Gambia, Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Grenada,
Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Hungary,
Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica,
Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, Kiribati, South Korea, Kuwait,
Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Latvia, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Madagascar,
Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Marshall Islands, Mauritania,
Mauritius, Mexico, Federated States of Micronesia, Moldova, Mongolia,
Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Nepal, Netherlands, NZ, Nicaragua, Niger,
Nigeria, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Palau, Panama, Papua New Guinea,
Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Russia,
Rwanda, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the
Grenadines, Samoa, San Marino, Sao Tome and Principe, Saudi Arabia,
Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia,
Solomon Islands, Somalia, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan,
Suriname, Swaziland, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Tajikistan, Tanzania,
Thailand, Togo, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey,
Turkmenistan, Uganda, Ukraine, UAE, UK, US, Uruguay, Uzbekistan,
Vanuatu, Venezuela, Vietnam, Yemen, Zambia, Zimbabwe
International Chamber of Commerce (ICC): established - NA 1919
aim - to promote free trade and private enterprise and to represent
business interests at national and international levels
members - (78 national councils) Algeria, Argentina, Australia,
Austria, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Belgium, Brazil, Burkina Faso, Cameroon,
Canada, Caribbean, Chile, China, Colombia, Cote d'Ivoire, Cuba, Cyprus,
Czech Republic, Denmark, Ecuador, Egypt, Finland, France, Germany,
Ghana, Greece, Greenland, Hong Kong, Hungary, Iceland, India,
Indonesia, Iran, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan, Jordan, South Korea,
Kuwait, Lebanon, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Madagascar, Mexico, Morocco,
Netherlands, NZ, Nigeria, Norway, Pakistan, Peru, Philippines, Poland,
Portugal, Russia, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Singapore, Slovakia, South
Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Taiwan, Tanzania,
Thailand, Togo, Tunisia, Turkey, UK, US, Uruguay, Venezuela, Yugoslavia
International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO): established - 7
December 1944; effective - 4 April 1947
aim - to promote international cooperation in civil aviation; a UN
specialized agency
members - (187) Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Andorra, Angola, Antigua
and Barbuda, Argentina, Armenia, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, The
Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belarus, Belgium, Belize,
Benin, Bhutan, Bolivia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Botswana, Brazil,
Brunei, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Burma, Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon,
Canada, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, China,
Colombia, Comoros, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the
Congo, Cook Islands, Costa Rica, Cote d'Ivoire, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus,
Czech Republic, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt,
El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Estonia, Ethiopia, Fiji,
Finland, France, Gabon, The Gambia, Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Greece,
Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras,
Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Israel, Italy,
Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, Kiribati, North Korea, South
Korea, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Latvia, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia,
Libya, Lithuania, Luxembourg, The Former Yugoslav Republic of
Macedonia, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Malta,
Marshall Islands, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Federated States of
Micronesia, Moldova, Monaco, Mongolia, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia,
Nauru, Nepal, Netherlands, NZ, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Norway, Oman,
Palau, Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines,
Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Russia, Rwanda, Saint Lucia, Saint
Vincent and the Grenadines, Samoa, San Marino, Sao Tome and Principe,
Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Slovakia,
Slovenia, Solomon Islands, Somalia, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka,
Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Tajikistan,
Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey,
Turkmenistan, Uganda, Ukraine, UAE, UK, US, Uruguay, Uzbekistan,
Vanuatu, Venezuela, Vietnam, Yemen, Yugoslavia, Zambia, Zimbabwe
International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC): established - 17
February 1863
aim - to provide humanitarian aid in wartime
members - (25 individuals) all Swiss nationals
International Confederation of Free Trade Unions (ICFTU): established
- NA December 1949
aim - to promote the trade union movement
members - (221 affiliated organizations in the following 148 countries)
Algeria, Angola, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Australia, Austria,
Azerbaijan, The Bahamas, Bangladesh, Barbados, Basque Country, Belgium,
Belize, Benin, Bermuda, Botswana, Brazil, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso,
Cameroon, Canada, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile,
China, Colombia, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the
Congo, Cook Islands, Costa Rica, Cote d'Ivoire, Croatia, Curacao,
Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominica, Dominican
Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Eritrea, Estonia, Falkland Islands,
Fiji, Finland, France, French Polynesia, Gabon, The Gambia, Georgia,
Germany, Ghana, Greece, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau,
Guyana, Holy See, Honduras, Hong Kong, Hungary, Iceland, India,
Indonesia, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kenya,
Kiribati, South Korea, Latvia, Lebanon, Liberia, Lithuania, Luxembourg,
Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Mali, Malta, Mauritania, Mauritius,
Mexico, Moldova, Mongolia, Montserrat, Morocco, Mozambique, Nepal,
Netherlands, New Caledonia, NZ, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Norway,
Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines,
Poland, Portugal, Puerto Rico, Romania, Russia, Rwanda, Saint Helena,
Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines,
Samoa, San Marino, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore,
Slovakia, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Suriname, Swaziland, Sweden,
Switzerland, Taiwan, Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, Tonga, Trinidad and
Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Uganda, UK, US, Vanuatu, Venezuela,
Yugoslavia, Zambia, Zimbabwe
International Court of Justice (ICJ): note - also known as the World
Court
established - 3 February 1946 superseded Permanent Court of
International Justice
aim - primary judicial organ of the UN
members - (15 judges) elected by the UN General Assembly and Security
Council to represent all principal legal systems
International Criminal Police Organization (Interpol): established -
NA September 1923 set up as the International Criminal Police
Commission; 13 June 1956 constitution modified and present name adopted
aim - to promote international cooperation among police authorities in
fighting crime
members - (178) Albania, Algeria, Andorra, Angola, Antigua and Barbuda,
Argentina, Armenia, Aruba, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, The Bahamas,
Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belarus, Belgium, Belize, Benin,
Bolivia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Botswana, Brazil, Brunei, Bulgaria,
Burkina Faso, Burma, Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada, Cape Verde,
Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, China, Colombia, Comoros,
Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Congo, Costa Rica,
Cote d'Ivoire, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark,
Djibouti, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador,
Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Estonia, Ethiopia, Fiji, Finland, France,
Gabon, The Gambia, Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Grenada, Guatemala,
Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland,
India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan,
Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, South Korea, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan, Laos,
Latvia, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Liechtenstein, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Madagascar,
Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Marshall Islands, Mauritania,
Mauritius, Mexico, Moldova, Monaco, Mongolia, Morocco, Mozambique,
Namibia, Nauru, Nepal, Netherlands, Netherlands Antilles, NZ,
Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Panama, Papua New
Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Romania,
Russia, Rwanda, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and
the Grenadines, Sao Tome and Principe, Saudi Arabia, Senegal,
Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, Somalia, South
Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Sweden,
Switzerland, Syria, Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, Tonga, Trinidad and
Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Uganda, Ukraine, UAE, UK, US, Uruguay,
Uzbekistan, Venezuela, Vietnam, Yemen, Zambia, Zimbabwe
subbureaus - (14) American Samoa, Anguilla, Bermuda, British Virgin
Islands, Cayman Islands, Gibraltar, Guam, Hong Kong, Macau, Montserrat,
Northern Mariana Islands, Puerto Rico, Turks and Caicos Islands, Virgin
Islands
International Development Association (IDA): established - 26 January
1960; effective - 24 September 1960
aim - UN specialized agency and IBRD affiliate that provides economic
loans for low-income countries
members - (161)