@Illicit drugs
Afghanistan:
world's largest illicit opium producer, surpassing
Burma (potential production in 1999 - 1,670 metric tons; cultivation
in 1999 - 51,500 hectares, a 23% increase over 1998); a major source
of hashish; increasing number of heroin-processing laboratories
being set up in the country; major political factions in the country
profit from drug trade
Albania:
increasingly active transshipment point for Southwest Asian
opiates, hashish, and cannabis transiting the Balkan route and - to
a far lesser extent - cocaine from South America destined for
Western Europe; limited opium and cannabis production; ethnic
Albanian narcotrafficking organizations active and rapidly expanding
in Europe
Angola:
increasingly used as a transshipment point for cocaine and
heroin destined for Western Europe and other African states
Anguilla:
transshipment point for South American narcotics destined
for the US and Europe
Antigua and Barbuda:
considered a minor transshipment point for
narcotics bound for the US and Europe; more significant as a
drug-money-laundering center
Argentina:
use as a transshipment country for cocaine headed for
Europe and the US; increasing use as a money-laundering center;
domestic consumption of drugs in urban centers is increasing
Armenia:
illicit cultivator of cannabis mostly for domestic
consumption; increasingly used as a transshipment point for illicit
drugs - mostly opium and hashish - to Western Europe and the US via
Iran, Central Asia, and Russia
Aruba:
drug-money-laundering center and transit point for narcotics
bound for the US and Europe
Australia:
Tasmania is one of the world's major suppliers of licit
opiate products; government maintains strict controls over areas of
opium poppy cultivation and output of poppy straw concentrate
Austria:
transshipment point for Southwest Asian heroin and South
American cocaine destined for Western Europe
Azerbaijan:
limited illicit cultivation of cannabis and opium poppy,
mostly for CIS consumption; limited government eradication program;
transshipment point for opiates via Iran, Central Asia, and Russia
to Western Europe
Bahamas, The:
transshipment point for cocaine and marijuana bound
for US and Europe; banking industry vulnerable to money laundering
Bangladesh:
transit country for illegal drugs produced in
neighboring countries
Barbados:
one of many Caribbean transshipment points for narcotics
bound for Europe and the US
Belarus:
limited cultivation of opium poppy and cannabis, mostly for
the domestic market; transshipment point for illicit drugs to and
via Russia, and to the Baltics and Western Europe
Belgium:
growing producer of synthetic drugs; transit point for
US-bound ecstasy; source of precursor chemicals for South American
cocaine processors; transshipment point for cocaine, heroin,
hashish, and marijuana entering Western Europe
Belize:
minor transshipment point for cocaine; small-scale illicit
producer of cannabis for the international drug trade; minor
money-laundering center
Benin:
transshipment point for narcotics associated with Nigerian
trafficking organizations and most commonly destined for Western
Europe and the US
Bolivia:
world's third-largest cultivator of coca (after Colombia
and Peru, a distant second) with an estimated 14,600 hectares under
cultivation in 2000, a 33% decrease in overall cultivation of coca
from 1999 levels; intermediate coca products and cocaine exported to
or through Colombia, Brazil, Argentina, and Chile to the US and
other international drug markets; eradication and alternative crop
programs have slashed illicit coca cultivation during the BANZER
administration beginning in 1997
Bosnia and Herzegovina:
minor transit point for marijuana and opiate
trafficking routes to Western Europe
Brazil:
limited illicit producer of cannabis, minor coca cultivation
in the Amazon region, mostly used for domestic consumption;
government has a large-scale eradication program to control
cannabis; important transshipment country for Bolivian, Colombian,
and Peruvian cocaine headed for the US and Europe; also used by
traffickers as a way station for narcotics air transshipments
between Peru and Colombia; upsurge in drug-related violence and
weapons smuggling; important market for Bolivian, Peruvian, and
Colombian cocaine
British Virgin Islands:
transshipment point for South American
narcotics destined for the US and Europe
Brunei:
drug trafficking and illegally importing controlled
substances are serious offenses in Brunei and carry a mandatory
death penalty
Bulgaria:
major European transshipment point for Southwest Asian
heroin and, to a lesser degree, South American cocaine for the
European market; limited producer of precursor chemicals
Burma:
world's second largest producer of illicit opium, after
Afghanistan (potential production in 1999 - 1,090 metric tons, down
38% due to drought; cultivation in 1999 - 89,500 hectares, a 31%
decline from 1998); surrender of drug warlord KHUN SA's Mong Tai
Army in January 1996 was hailed by Rangoon as a major
counternarcotics success, but lack of government will and ability to
take on major narcotrafficking groups and lack of serious commitment
against money laundering continues to hinder the overall antidrug
effort; becoming a major source of methamphetamine for regional
consumption
Cambodia:
possible money laundering; narcotics-related corruption
reportedly involving some in the government, military, and police;
possible small-scale opium, heroin, and amphetamine production;
large producer of cannabis for the international market
Canada:
illicit producer of cannabis for the domestic drug market;
use of hydroponics technology permits growers to plant large
quantities of high-quality marijuana indoors; transit point for
heroin and cocaine entering the US market
Cape Verde:
used as a transshipment point for illicit drugs moving
from Latin America and Africa destined for Western Europe
Cayman Islands:
vulnerable to drug money laundering and drug
transshipment to the US and Europe
Chile:
a growing transshipment country for cocaine destined for the
US and Europe; economic prosperity has made Chile more attractive to
traffickers seeking to launder drug profits; imported precursors
passed on to Bolivia; domestic cocaine consumption is rising
China:
major transshipment point for heroin produced in the Golden
Triangle; growing domestic drug abuse problem; source country for
chemical precursors and methamphetamine
Colombia:
illicit producer of coca, opium poppies, and cannabis;
world's leading coca cultivator (cultivation of coca in 1999 -
122,500 hectares, a 20.3% increase over 1998); cultivation of opium
in 1999 increased to 7,500 hectares from 6,100 hectares in 1998;
potential production of opium in 1999 - 75 metric tons, a 25%
increase over 1998; potential production of heroin in 1999 - nearly
8 metric tons, as compared with 6 tons in 1998; the world's largest
processor of coca derivatives into cocaine; supplier of about 90% of
the cocaine to the US and the great majority of cocaine to other
international drug markets, and an important supplier of heroin to
the US market; active aerial eradication program
Congo, Democratic Republic of the:
illicit producer of cannabis,
mostly for domestic consumption
Costa Rica:
transshipment country for cocaine and heroin from South
America; illicit production of cannabis on small, scattered plots;
domestic cocaine consumption is rising, particularly crack cocaine;
those who previously only trafficked are now becoming users
Cote d'Ivoire:
illicit producer of cannabis, mostly for local
consumption; transshipment point for Southwest and Southeast Asian
heroin to Europe and occasionally to the US, and for Latin American
cocaine destined for Europe
Croatia:
transit point along the Balkan route for Southwest Asian
heroin to Western Europe; a minor transit point for maritime
shipments of South American cocaine bound for Western Europe
Cuba:
territorial waters and air space serve as transshipment zone
for cocaine bound for the US and Europe; established the death
penalty for certain drug-related crimes in 1999
Cyprus:
minor transit point for heroin and hashish via air routes
and container traffic to Europe, especially from Lebanon and Turkey;
some cocaine transits as well
Czech Republic:
major transshipment point for Southwest Asian heroin
and minor transit point for Latin American cocaine to Western
Europe; domestic consumption - especially of locally produced
synthetic drugs - on the rise
Dominica:
transshipment point for narcotics bound for the US and
Europe; minor cannabis producer; banking industry is vulnerable to
money laundering
Dominican Republic:
transshipment point for South American drugs
destined for the US and Europe; has become a transshipment point for
ecstasy from the Netherlands and Belgium destined for US and Canada
Ecuador:
significant transit country for cocaine and derivatives of
coca originating in Colombia and Peru; importer of precursor
chemicals used in production of illicit narcotics; important
money-laundering hub; increased activity on the northern frontier by
trafficking groups and Colombian insurgents
Egypt:
a transit point for Southwest Asian and Southeast Asian
heroin and opium moving to Europe, Africa, and the US; popular
transit stop for Nigerian couriers
El Salvador:
transshipment point for cocaine; marijuana produced for
local consumption; domestic drug abuse on the rise
Estonia:
transshipment point for opiates and cannabis from Southwest
Asia and the Caucasus via Russia, cocaine from Latin America to
Western Europe and Scandinavia, and synthetic drugs from Western
Europe to Scandinavia; possible precursor manufacturing and/or
trafficking; synthetic drug production growing, trafficked to
Russia, Baltics, Finland
Ethiopia:
transit hub for heroin originating in Southwest and
Southeast Asia and destined for Europe and North America as well as
cocaine destined for markets in southern Africa; cultivates qat
(khat) for local use and regional export, principally to Djibouti
and Somalia
France:
transshipment point for and consumer of South American
cocaine, Southwest Asian heroin, and European synthetics
French Guiana:
small amount of marijuana grown for local
consumption; minor transshipment point to Europe
Georgia:
limited cultivation of cannabis and opium poppy, mostly for
domestic consumption; used as transshipment point for opiates via
Central Asia to Western Europe and Russia
Germany:
source of precursor chemicals for South American cocaine
processors; transshipment point for and consumer of Southwest Asian
heroin, Latin American cocaine, and European-produced synthetic drugs
Ghana:
illicit producer of cannabis for the international drug
trade; transit hub for Southwest and Southeast Asian heroin and
South American cocaine destined for Europe and the US
Greece:
a gateway to Europe for traffickers smuggling cannabis and
heroin from the Middle East and Southwest Asia to the West and
precursor chemicals to the East; some South American cocaine
transits or is consumed in Greece
Grenada:
small-scale cannabis cultivation; lesser transshipment
point for marijuana and cocaine to US
Guatemala:
transit country for cocaine and heroin; minor producer of
illicit opium poppy and cannabis for the international drug trade;
proximity to Mexico makes Guatemala a major staging area for drugs
(cocaine and heroin shipments); money laundering is probably
increasing
Guyana:
transshipment point for narcotics from South America -
primarily Venezuela - to Europe and the US; producer of cannabis
Haiti:
major Caribbean transshipment point for cocaine en route to
the US and Europe; vulnerable to money laundering
Honduras:
transshipment point for drugs and narcotics; illicit
producer of cannabis, cultivated on small plots and used principally
for local consumption; corruption is a major problem; vulnerable to
money laundering
Hong Kong:
a hub for Southeast Asian heroin and regional stimulants
trade; transshipment and money-laundering center; increasing
indigenous amphetamine abuse
Hungary:
major transshipment point for Southwest Asian heroin and
cannabis and transit point for South American cocaine destined for
Western Europe; limited producer of precursor chemicals,
particularly for amphetamine and methamphetamine
India:
world's largest producer of licit opium for the
pharmaceutical trade, but an undetermined quantity of opium is
diverted to illicit international drug markets; transit country for
illicit narcotics produced in neighboring countries; illicit
producer of hashish and methaqualone
Indonesia:
illicit producer of cannabis largely for domestic use;
possible growing role as transshipment point for Golden Triangle
heroin
Iran:
despite substantial interdiction efforts, Iran remains a key
transshipment point for Southwest Asian heroin to Europe; domestic
consumption of narcotics remains a persistent problem and Iranian
press reports estimate that there are at least 1.2 million drug
users in the country
Ireland:
transshipment point for and consumer of hashish from North
Africa to the UK and Netherlands and of European-produced synthetic
drugs; minor transshipment point for heroin and cocaine destined for
Western Europe
Israel:
increasingly concerned about cocaine and heroin abuse; drugs
arrive in country from Lebanon and increasingly Jordan
Italy:
important gateway for and consumer of Latin American cocaine
and Southwest Asian heroin entering the European market
Jamaica:
major transshipment point for cocaine from South America to
North America and Europe; illicit cultivation of cannabis;
government has an active manual cannabis eradication program;
corruption is a major concern
Kazakhstan:
significant illicit cultivation of cannabis and limited
cultivation of opium poppy and ephedra (for the drug ephedrone);
limited government eradication program; cannabis consumed largely in
the CIS; used as transshipment point for illicit drugs to Russia,
North America, and Western Europe from Southwest Asia; developing
heroin addiction problem
Kenya:
widespread harvesting of small plots of marijuana; transit
country for South Asian heroin destined for Europe and North
America; Indian methaqualone also transits on way to South Africa
Kyrgyzstan:
limited illicit cultivator of cannabis and opium poppy,
mostly for CIS consumption; limited government eradication program;
increasingly used as transshipment point for illicit drugs to Russia
and Western Europe from Southwest Asia
Laos:
world's third-largest illicit opium producer (estimated
cultivation in 1999 - 21,800 hectares, a 16% decrease over 1998;
estimated potential production in 1999 - 140 metric tons, about the
same as in 1998); potential heroin producer; transshipment point for
heroin and methamphetamine produced in Burma; illicit producer of
cannabis
Latvia:
transshipment point for opiates and cannabis from Central
and Southwest Asia to Western Europe and Scandinavia and Latin
American cocaine and some synthetics from Western Europe to CIS;
limited production of illicit amphetamine, ephedrine, and ecstasy
for export
Lebanon:
inconsequential producer of hashish; a Lebanese/Syrian
eradication campaign started in the early 1990s has practically
eliminated the opium and cannabis crops
Liberia:
increasingly a transshipment point for Southeast and
Southwest Asian heroin and South American cocaine for the European
and US markets
Liechtenstein:
multilateral organizations engaged in issuing
international guidelines for financial sector oversight have found
gaps in Liechtenstein's financial services controls that make it
vulnerable to money laundering
Lithuania:
transshipment point for opiates and other illicit drugs
from Southwest Asia, Latin America, and Western Europe to Western
Europe and Scandinavia; limited production of methamphetamine and
ecstasy
Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of:
increasing transshipment
point for Southwest Asian heroin and hashish; minor transit point
for South American cocaine destined for Europe
Madagascar:
illicit producer of cannabis (cultivated and wild
varieties) used mostly for domestic consumption; transshipment point
for heroin
Malaysia:
transit point for some illicit drugs; drug trafficking
prosecuted vigorously and carries severe penalties
Malta:
minor transshipment point for hashish from North Africa to
Western Europe
Martinique:
transshipment point for cocaine and marijuana bound for
the US and Europe
Mauritius:
minor consumer and transshipment point for heroin from
South Asia; small amounts of cannabis produced and consumed locally
Mexico:
illicit cultivation of opium poppy (cultivation in 2000 -
1,900 hectares; potential heroin production - 2.4 metric tons) and
cannabis cultivation in 2000 - 3,900 hectares; government
eradication efforts have been key in keeping illicit crop levels
low; major supplier of heroin and marijuana to the US market;
continues as the primary transshipment country for US-bound cocaine
from South America; two major drug syndicates control majority of
drug trafficking throughout the country; primary supplier of
methamphetamine to the US market; growing producer and distributor
of ecstasy
Moldova:
limited cultivation of opium poppy and cannabis, mostly for
CIS consumption; transshipment point for illicit drugs from
Southwest Asia via Central Asia to Russia, Western Europe, and
possibly the US
Montserrat:
transshipment point for South American narcotics
destined for the US and Europe
Morocco:
illicit producer of hashish; trafficking on the increase
for both domestic and international drug markets; shipments of
hashish mostly directed to Western Europe; transit point for cocaine
from South America destined for Western Europe
Mozambique:
Southern African transit point for South Asian hashish,
South Asian heroin, and South American cocaine probably destined for
the European and South African markets; producer of cannabis (for
local consumption) and methaqualone (for export to South Africa)
Nepal:
illicit producer of cannabis for the domestic and
international drug markets; transit point for opiates from Southeast
Asia to the West
Netherlands:
major European producer of illicit amphetamine and
other synthetic drugs; important gateway for cocaine, heroin, and
hashish entering Europe; major source of US-bound ecstasy
Netherlands Antilles:
money-laundering center; transshipment point
for South American drugs bound for the US and Europe
Nicaragua:
transshipment point for cocaine destined for the US and
transshipment point for arms-for-drugs dealing
Nigeria:
facilitates movement of heroin en route from Southeast and
Southwest Asia to Western Europe and North America; increasingly a
transit route for cocaine from South America intended for European,
East Asian, and North American markets
Pakistan:
key transit area for Southwest Asian heroin moving to
Western markets; narcotics still move from Afghanistan into
Balochistan Province
Panama:
major cocaine transshipment point and major drug
money-laundering center; no recent signs of coca cultivation;
monitoring of financial transactions is improving; official
corruption remains a major problem; Panama was cited by the
Financial Action Task Force (FATF) an international organization
that includes the US Government, for its lack of cooperation in the
fight against international money laundering
Paraguay:
illicit producer of cannabis, most or all of which is
consumed in South America; transshipment country for Andean cocaine
headed for Southern Cone markets and Europe
Peru:
until 1996 the world's largest coca leaf producer, Peru
reduced the area of coca under cultivation by 64% to 34,200 hectares
between 1996 and the end of 2000; much of the cocaine base is
shipped to neighboring Colombia for processing into cocaine for the
international drug market; increasing amounts of finished cocaine,
however, are being shipped to Europe or to Brazil and Bolivia for
use in the Southern Cone or transshipped to world markets
Philippines:
exports locally produced marijuana and hashish to East
Asia, the US, and other Western markets; serves as a transit point
for heroin and crystal methamphetamine
Poland:
major illicit producer of amphetamine for the international
market; minor transshipment point for Asian and Latin American
illicit drugs to Western Europe
Portugal:
important gateway country for Latin American cocaine and
Southwest Asian heroin entering the European market; transshipment
point for hashish from North Africa to Europe; consumer of Southwest
Asian heroin
Romania:
important transshipment point for Southwest Asian heroin
transiting the Balkan route and small amounts of Latin American
cocaine bound for Western Europe
Russia:
limited cultivation of illicit cannabis and opium poppy and
producer of amphetamine, mostly for domestic consumption; government
has active eradication program; increasingly used as transshipment
point for Southwest and Southeast Asian opiates and cannabis and
Latin American cocaine to Western Europe, possibly to the US, and
growing domestic market; major source of heroin precursor chemicals;
corruption and organized crime are major concerns; heroin an
increasing threat in domestic drug market
Saint Kitts and Nevis:
transshipment point for South American drugs
destined for the US and Europe
Saint Lucia:
transit point for South American drugs destined for the
US and Europe
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines:
transshipment point for South
American drugs destined for the US and Europe
Saudi Arabia:
death penalty for traffickers; increasing consumption
of heroin and cocaine
Senegal:
transshipment point for Southwest and Southeast Asian
heroin moving to Europe and North America; illicit cultivator of
cannabis
Singapore:
as a transportation and financial services hub, Singapore
is vulnerable, despite strict laws and enforcement, to use as a
transit point for Golden Triangle heroin and as a venue for money
laundering
Slovakia:
transshipment point for Southwest Asian heroin bound for
Western Europe
Slovenia:
minor transit point for cocaine and Southwest Asian heroin
bound for Western Europe, and for precursor chemicals
South Africa:
transshipment center for heroin, hashish, marijuana,
and possibly cocaine; cocaine consumption on the rise; world's
largest market for illicit methaqualone, usually imported illegally
from India through various east African countries; illicit
cultivation of marijuana
Spain:
key European gateway country for Latin American cocaine and
North African hashish entering the European market; transshipment
point for and consumer of Southwest Asian heroin
Suriname:
transshipment point for South American drugs destined for
Europe and Brazil; transshipment point for arms-for-drugs dealing
Switzerland:
because of more stringent government regulations, used
significantly less as a money-laundering center; transit country for
and consumer of South American cocaine and Southwest Asian heroin
Syria:
a transit point for opiates and hashish bound for regional
and Western markets
Tajikistan:
major transshipment zone for heroin and opiates from
Afghanistan going to Russia and Western Europe; limited illicit
cultivation of cannabis, mostly for domestic consumption
Tanzania:
growing role in transshipment of Southwest and Southeast
Asian heroin and South American cocaine destined for South African,
European, and US markets and of South Asian methaqualone bound for
Southern Africa
Thailand:
a minor producer of opium, heroin, and marijuana; illicit
transit point for heroin en route to the international drug market
from Burma and Laos; eradication efforts have reduced the area of
cannabis cultivation and shifted some production to neighboring
countries; opium poppy cultivation has been reduced by eradication
efforts; also a drug money-laundering center; minor role in
amphetamine production for regional consumption; increasing
indigenous abuse of methamphetamine
Togo:
transit hub for Nigerian heroin and cocaine traffickers
Trinidad and Tobago:
transshipment point for South American drugs
destined for the US and Europe; producer of cannabis
Turkey:
key transit route for Southwest Asian heroin to Western
Europe and - to a far lesser extent the US - via air, land, and sea
routes; major Turkish, Iranian, and other international trafficking
organizations operate out of Istanbul; laboratories to convert
imported morphine base into heroin are in remote regions of Turkey
as well as near Istanbul; government maintains strict controls over
areas of legal opium poppy cultivation and output of poppy straw
concentrate
Turkmenistan:
limited illicit cultivator of opium poppy, mostly for
domestic consumption; limited government eradication program;
increasingly used as transshipment point for illicit drugs from
Southwest Asia to Russia and Western Europe; also a transshipment
point for acetic anhydride destined for Afghanistan
Turks and Caicos Islands:
transshipment point for South American
narcotics destined for the US and Europe
Ukraine:
limited cultivation of cannabis and opium poppy, mostly for
CIS consumption; some synthetic drug production for export to West;
limited government eradication program; used as transshipment point
for opiates and other illicit drugs from Africa, Latin America, and
Turkey, and to Europe and Russia; drug-related money laundering a
minor, but growing, problem
United Arab Emirates:
growing role as heroin transshipment and
money-laundering center due to its proximity to southwest Asian
producing countries and the bustling free trade zone in Dubai
United Kingdom:
gateway country for Latin American cocaine entering
the European market; major consumer of synthetic drugs, producer of
limited amounts of synthetic drugs and synthetic precursor
chemicals; major consumer of Southwest Asian heroin;
money-laundering center
United States:
consumer of cocaine shipped from Colombia through
Mexico and the Caribbean; consumer of heroin, marijuana, and
increasingly methamphetamine from Mexico; consumer of high-quality
Southeast Asian heroin; illicit producer of cannabis, marijuana,
depressants, stimulants, hallucinogens, and methamphetamine;
money-laundering center
Uzbekistan:
limited illicit cultivation of cannabis and very small
amounts of opium poppy, mostly for domestic consumption, almost
entirely eradicated by an effective government eradication program;
increasingly used as transshipment point for illicit drugs from
Afghanistan to Russia and Western Europe and for acetic anhydride
destined for Afghanistan
Venezuela:
illicit producer of opium for the international drug
trade on a small scale; however, large quantities of cocaine,
heroin, and marijuana transit the country from Colombia bound for US
and Europe; important money-laundering center; active eradication
program primarily targeting opium; increasing signs of drug-related
activities by Colombian insurgents on border
Vietnam:
minor producer of opium poppy with 2,100 hectares
cultivated in 1999, capable of producing 11 metric tons of opium;
probable minor transit point for Southeast Asian heroin;
opium/heroin/methamphetamine addiction problems
Yugoslavia:
transshipment point for Southwest Asian heroin moving to
Western Europe on the Balkan route
Zambia:
transshipment point for moderate amounts of methaqualone,
small amounts of heroin, and cocaine bound for Southern Africa and
possibly Europe; regional money-laundering center
Zimbabwe:
significant transit point for African cannabis and South
Asian heroin, mandrax, and methamphetamines destined for the South
African and European markets
Taiwan:
transit point for heroin and methamphetamine; major problem
with domestic consumption of methamphetamine and heroin
======================================================================
@Imports
Afghanistan:
$150 million (1996 est.)
Albania:
$1 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.)
Algeria:
$9.2 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.)
American Samoa:
$471 million (1996)
Andorra:
$1.077 billion (c.i.f., 1998)
Angola:
$2.5 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.)
Anguilla:
$57.6 million (1998)
Antigua and Barbuda:
$330 million (1998)
Argentina:
$25.2 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.)
Armenia:
$913 million (f.o.b., 2000 est.)
Aruba:
$2.5 billion (2000 est.)
Australia:
$77 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.)
Austria:
$65.6 billion (2000 est.)
Azerbaijan:
$1.4 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.)
Bahamas, The:
$1.73 billion (2000 est.)
Bahrain:
$4.2 billion (f.o.b., 2000)
Bangladesh:
$8.1 billion (2000)
Barbados:
$800.3 million (2000 est.)
Belarus:
$8.3 billion (f.o.b., 2000)
Belgium:
$166 billion (c.i.f., 2000)
Belize:
$413 million (c.i.f., 2000 est.)
Benin:
$566 million (c.i.f., 1999)
Bermuda:
$739 million (2000 est.)
Bhutan:
$269 million (c.i.f., 2000 est.)
Bolivia:
$1.86 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.)
Bosnia and Herzegovina:
$2.45 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.)
Botswana:
$2.2 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.)
Brazil:
$55.8 billion (f.o.b., 2000)
British Virgin Islands:
$220 million (2000 est.)
Brunei:
$1.3 billion (c.i.f., 1999 est.)
Bulgaria:
$5.9 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.)
Burkina Faso:
$610 million (f.o.b., 2000 est.)
Burma:
$2.5 billion (f.o.b., 1999)
Burundi:
$110 million (f.o.b., 2000)
Cambodia:
$1.3 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.)
Cameroon:
$1.6 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.)
Canada:
$238.2 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.)
Cape Verde:
$250 million (f.o.b., 2000 est.)
Cayman Islands:
$507.6 million (1998)
Central African Republic:
$154 million (f.o.b., 2000)
Chad:
$223 million (f.o.b., 2000 est.)
Chile:
$17 billion (f.o.b., 2000)
China:
$197 billion (f.o.b., 2000)
Christmas Island:
$NA
Cocos (Keeling) Islands:
$NA
Colombia:
$12.4 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.)
Comoros:
$55.1 million (f.o.b., 1999 est.)
Congo, Democratic Republic of the:
$660 million (c.i.f., 2000 est.)
Congo, Republic of the:
$870 million (f.o.b., 2000)
Cook Islands:
$85 million (c.i.f., 1994)
Costa Rica:
$5.9 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.)
Cote d'Ivoire:
$2.5 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.)
Croatia:
$7.8 billion (c.i.f., 1999)
Cuba:
$3.4 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.)
Cyprus:
Greek Cypriot area: $3.6 billion (f.o.b., 1999 est.);
Turkish Cypriot area: $402 million (f.o.b., 1999)
Czech Republic:
$31.4 billion (f.o.b., 2000)
Denmark:
$43.6 billion (f.o.b., 2000)
Djibouti:
$440 million (f.o.b., 1999 est.)
Dominica:
$126 million (2000 est.)
Dominican Republic:
$9.6 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.)
Ecuador:
$3.4 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.)
Egypt:
$17 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.)
El Salvador:
$4.6 billion (f.o.b., 2000)
Equatorial Guinea:
$300 million (f.o.b., 1999)
Eritrea:
$560 million (c.i.f., 1999)
Estonia:
$4 billion (f.o.b., 2000)
Ethiopia:
$1.25 billion (f.o.b., 1999)
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas):
$24.7 million (1995)
Faroe Islands:
$469 million (c.i.f., 1999)
Fiji:
$653 million (f.o.b., 1999)
Finland:
$32.7 billion (f.o.b., 2000)
France:
$320 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.)
French Guiana:
$625 million (c.i.f., 1997)
French Polynesia:
$749 million (f.o.b., 1999)
Gabon:
$1 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.)
Gambia, The:
$202.5 million (f.o.b., 1999)
Gaza Strip:
$2.5 billion (c.i.f., 1998 est.) (includes West Bank)
Georgia:
$898 million (2000 est.)
Germany:
$505 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.)
Ghana:
$2.2 billion (f.o.b., 2000)
Gibraltar:
$492 million (c.i.f., 1997)
Greece:
$33.9 billion (c.i.f., 2000)
Greenland:
$400 million (c.i.f., 1999)
Grenada:
$217.5 million (2000 est.)
Guadeloupe:
$1.7 billion (c.i.f., 1997)
Guam:
$203 million (f.o.b., 1999 est.)
Guatemala:
$4.4 billion (f.o.b., 2000)
Guernsey:
$NA
Guinea:
$634 million (f.o.b., 2000 est.)
Guinea-Bissau:
$55.2 million (f.o.b., 2000 est.)
Guyana:
$660 million (c.i.f., 2000 est.)
Haiti:
$1.2 billion (c.i.f., 1999)
Honduras:
$2.8 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.)
Hong Kong:
$215 billion (f.o.b., 2000)
Hungary:
$27.6 billion (f.o.b., 2000)
Iceland:
$2.2 billion (f.o.b., 2000)
India:
$60.8 billion (f.o.b., 2000)
Indonesia:
$40.4 billion (c.i.f., 2000 est.)
Iran:
$15 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.)
Iraq:
$13.8 billion (2000 est.)
Ireland:
$45.7 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.)
Israel:
$35.1 billion (f.o.b., 2000)
Italy:
$231.4 billion (f.o.b., 2000)
Jamaica:
$3 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.)
Japan:
$355 billion (c.i.f., 2000)
Jersey:
$NA
Jordan:
$4 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.)
Kazakhstan:
$6.9 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.)
Kenya:
$3 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.)
Kiribati:
$44 million (c.i.f., 1999)
Korea, North:
$960 million (c.i.f., 1999 est.)
Korea, South:
$160.5 billion (f.o.b., 2000)
Kuwait:
$7.6 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.)
Kyrgyzstan:
$579 million (f.o.b., 2000 est.)
Laos:
$540 million (f.o.b., 2000 est.)
Latvia:
$3.2 billion (f.o.b., 2000)
Lebanon:
$6.2 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.)
Lesotho:
$700 million (f.o.b., 2000 est.)
Liberia:
$170 million (f.o.b., 2000 est.)
Libya:
$7.6 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.)
Liechtenstein:
$917.3 million (1996)
Lithuania:
$4.9 billion (f.o.b., 2000)
Luxembourg:
$10 billion (c.i.f., 2000)
Macau:
$2.4 billion (c.i.f., 2000 est.)
Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of:
$2 billion (f.o.b., 2000
est.)
Madagascar:
$693 million (f.o.b., 1998)
Malawi:
$435 million (f.o.b., 2000)
Malaysia:
$82.6 billion (2000 est.)
Maldives:
$372 million (f.o.b., 2000 est.)
Mali:
$575 million (f.o.b., 2000 est.)
Malta:
$2.6 billion (f.o.b., 1999)
Man, Isle of:
$NA
Marshall Islands:
$58 million (f.o.b., 1997 est.)
Martinique:
$2 billion (c.i.f., 1997)
Mauritania:
$305 million (f.o.b., 1999)
Mauritius:
$2.3 billion (f.o.b., 1999)
Mayotte:
$141.3 million (f.o.b., 1997)
Mexico:
$176 billion (f.o.b., 2000), includes in-bond industries
(assembly plant operations)
Micronesia, Federated States of:
$168 million (c.i.f., 1996 est.)
Moldova:
$761 million (f.o.b., 2000)
Monaco:
$NA; full customs integration with France, which collects
and rebates Monegasque trade duties; also participates in EU market
system through customs union with France
Mongolia:
$510.7 million (c.i.f., 1999)
Montserrat:
$26 million (1998)
Morocco:
$12.2 billion (f.o.b., 1999 est.)
Mozambique:
$1.4 billion (c.i.f., 2000 est.)
Namibia:
$1.6 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.)
Nauru:
$21.1 million (c.i.f., 1991)
Nepal:
$1.2 billion (f.o.b., 1998)
Netherlands:
$201.2 billion (c.i.f., 2000 est.)
Netherlands Antilles:
$1.5 billion (f.o.b., 2000)
New Caledonia:
$843 million (f.o.b., 1999)
New Zealand:
$14.3 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.)
Nicaragua:
$1.6 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.)
Niger:
$317 million (f.o.b., 1999)
Nigeria:
$10.7 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.)
Niue:
$4.1 million (c.i.f., 1989)
Norfolk Island:
$17.9 million (c.i.f., FY91/92)
Northern Mariana Islands:
$NA
Norway:
$35.2 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.)
Oman:
$4.5 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.)
Pakistan:
$9.6 billion (f.o.b., FY99/00)
Palau:
$126 million (f.o.b., FY99/00)
Panama:
$6.9 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.)
Papua New Guinea:
$1 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.)
Paraguay:
$3.3 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.)
Peru:
$7.4 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.)
Philippines:
$35 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.)
Pitcairn Islands:
$NA
Poland:
$42.7 billion (f.o.b., 2000)
Portugal:
$41 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.)
Puerto Rico:
$27 billion (c.i.f., 2000)
Qatar:
$3.8 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.)
Reunion:
$2.5 billion (c.i.f., 1997)
Romania:
$11.9 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.)
Russia:
$44.2 billion (2000 est.)
Rwanda:
$245.9 million (f.o.b., 2000 est.)
Saint Helena:
$14.434 million (c.i.f., 1995)
Saint Kitts and Nevis:
$151.5 million (2000 est.)
Saint Lucia:
$319.4 million (2000 est.)
Saint Pierre and Miquelon:
$55 million (f.o.b., 1999)
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines:
$185.6 million (2000 est.)
Samoa:
$90 million (f.o.b., 2000)
San Marino:
trade data are included with the statistics for Italy
Sao Tome and Principe:
$40 million (f.o.b., 2000 est.)
Saudi Arabia:
$30.1 billion (f.o.b., 2000)
Senegal:
$1.3 billion (f.o.b., 2000)
Seychelles:
$440 million (c.i.f., 1999)
Sierra Leone:
$145 million (f.o.b., 2000 est.)
Singapore:
$127 billion (f.o.b., 2000)
Slovakia:
$12.8 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.)
Slovenia:
$9.9 billion (f.o.b., 2000)
Solomon Islands:
$152 million (f.o.b., 1999 est.)
Somalia:
$314 million (f.o.b., 1999 est.)
South Africa:
$27.6 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.)
Spain:
$153.9 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.)
Sri Lanka:
$6.1 billion (f.o.b., 2000)
Sudan:
$1.2 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.)
Suriname:
$525 million (f.o.b., 1999)
Svalbard:
$NA
Swaziland:
$928 million (f.o.b., 2000)
Sweden:
$80 billion (f.o.b., 2000)
Switzerland:
$91.6 billion (f.o.b., 2000)
Syria:
$3.5 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.)
Tajikistan:
$782 million (f.o.b., 2000 est.)
Tanzania:
$1.57 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.)
Thailand:
$61.8 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.)
Togo:
$452 million (f.o.b., 2000)
Tokelau:
$323,400 (c.i.f., 1983)
Tonga:
$69 million (f.o.b., 1998)
Trinidad and Tobago:
$3 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.)
Tunisia:
$8.4 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.)
Turkey:
$55.7 billion (c.i.f., 2000 est.)
Turkmenistan:
$1.65 billion (c.i.f., 2000 est.)
Turks and Caicos Islands:
$46.6 million (1993)
Tuvalu:
$4.4 million (c.i.f., 1989)
Uganda:
$1.1 billion (f.o.b., 1999)
Ukraine:
$15 billion (2000 est.)
United Arab Emirates:
$34 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.)
United Kingdom:
$324 billion (f.o.b., 2000)
United States:
$1.223 trillion (f.o.b., 2000 est.)
Uruguay:
$3.4 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.)
Uzbekistan:
$2.6 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.)
Vanuatu:
$77.2 million (f.o.b., 1999)
Venezuela:
$14.7 billion (f.o.b., 2000)
Vietnam:
$15.2 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.)
Virgin Islands:
$NA
Wallis and Futuna:
$300,000 (f.o.b., 1999)
West Bank:
$2.5 billion (includes Gaza Strip) (c.i.f., 1998 est.)
Western Sahara:
$NA
World:
$6 trillion (f.o.b., 2000 est.)
Yemen:
$2.7 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.)
Yugoslavia:
$3.3 billion (1999)
Zambia:
$1.05 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.)
Zimbabwe:
$1.3 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.)
Taiwan:
$140.01 billion (c.i.f., 2000)
======================================================================
@Imports - commodities
Afghanistan:
capital goods, food and petroleum products; most
consumer goods
Albania:
machinery and equipment, foodstuffs, textiles, chemicals
Algeria:
capital goods, food and beverages, consumer goods
American Samoa:
materials for canneries 56%, food 8%, petroleum
products 7%, machinery and parts 6%
Andorra:
consumer goods, food, electricity
Angola:
machinery and electrical equipment, vehicles and spare
parts; medicines, food, textiles, military goods
Anguilla:
NA
Antigua and Barbuda:
food and live animals, machinery and transport
equipment, manufactures, chemicals, oil
Argentina:
machinery and equipment, motor vehicles, chemicals, metal
manufactures, plastics
Armenia:
natural gas, petroleum, tobacco products, foodstuffs,
diamonds
Aruba:
machinery and electrical equipment, crude oil for refining
and reexport, chemicals; foodstuffs
Australia:
machinery and transport equipment, computers and office
machines, telecommunication equipment and parts; crude oil and
petroleum products
Austria:
machinery and equipment, chemicals, metal goods, oil and
oil products; foodstuffs
Azerbaijan:
machinery and equipment, foodstuffs, metals, chemicals
Bahamas, The:
foodstuffs, manufactured goods, crude oil, vehicles,
electronics
Bahrain:
nonoil 59%, crude oil 41%
Bangladesh:
machinery and equipment, chemicals, iron and steel,
textiles, raw cotton, food, crude oil and petroleum products, cement
Barbados:
consumer goods, machinery, foodstuffs, construction
materials, chemicals, fuel, electrical components
Belarus:
mineral products, machinery and equipment, metals,
chemicals, foodstuffs
Belgium:
machinery and equipment, chemicals, metals and metal
products
Belize:
machinery and transportation equipment, manufactured goods;
food, beverages, tobacco; fuels, chemicals, pharmaceuticals
Benin:
foodstuffs, tobacco, petroleum products, capital goods
Bermuda:
machinery and transport equipment, construction materials,
chemicals, food and live animals
Bhutan:
fuel and lubricants, grain, machinery and parts, vehicles,
fabrics, rice
Bolivia:
capital goods, raw materials and semi-manufactures,
chemicals, petroleum, food
Bosnia and Herzegovina:
NA
Botswana:
foodstuffs, machinery and transport equipment, textiles,
petroleum products
Brazil:
machinery and equipment, chemical products, oil, electricity
British Virgin Islands:
building materials, automobiles, foodstuffs,
machinery
Brunei:
machinery and transport equipment, manufactured goods, food,
chemicals
Bulgaria:
fuels, minerals, and raw materials; machinery and
equipment; metals and ores; chemicals and plastics; food, textiles
Burkina Faso:
machinery, food products, petroleum
Burma:
machinery, transport equipment, construction materials, food
products
Burundi:
capital goods, petroleum products, foodstuffs
Cambodia:
cigarettes, gold, construction materials, petroleum
products, machinery, motor vehicles
Cameroon:
machines and electrical equipment, transport equipment,
fuel, food
Canada:
machinery and equipment, crude oil, chemicals, motor
vehicles and parts, durable consumer goods, electricity
Cape Verde:
foodstuffs, industrial products, transport equipment,
fuels
Cayman Islands:
foodstuffs, manufactured goods
Central African Republic:
food, textiles, petroleum products,
machinery, electrical equipment, motor vehicles, chemicals,
pharmaceuticals, consumer goods, industrial products
Chad:
machinery and transportation equipment, industrial goods,
petroleum products, foodstuffs, textiles
Chile:
consumer goods, chemicals, motor vehicles, fuels, electrical
machinery, heavy industrial machinery, food
China:
machinery and equipment, mineral fuels, plastics, iron and
steel, chemicals
Christmas Island:
consumer goods
Cocos (Keeling) Islands:
foodstuffs
Colombia:
industrial equipment, transportation equipment, consumer
goods, chemicals, paper products, fuels, electricity
Comoros:
rice and other foodstuffs, consumer goods; petroleum
products, cement, transport equipment
Congo, Democratic Republic of the:
foodstuffs, mining and other
machinery, transport equipment, fuels
Congo, Republic of the:
petroleum products, capital equipment,
construction materials, foodstuffs
Cook Islands:
foodstuffs, textiles, fuels, timber, capital goods
Costa Rica:
raw materials, consumer goods, capital equipment,
petroleum
Cote d'Ivoire:
food, consumer goods; capital goods, fuel, transport
equipment
Croatia:
machinery, transport and electrical equipment, chemicals,
fuels and lubricants, foodstuffs
Cuba:
petroleum, food, machinery, chemicals, semifinished goods,
transport equipment, consumer goods
Cyprus:
Greek Cypriot area: consumer goods, petroleum and
lubricants, food and feed grains, machinery; Turkish Cypriot area:
food, minerals, chemicals, machinery
Czech Republic:
machinery and transport equipment 42%, other
manufactured goods 33%, chemicals 12%, raw materials and fuels 10%
(1999)
Denmark:
machinery and equipment, raw materials and semimanufactures
for industry, chemicals, grain and foodstuffs, consumer goods
Djibouti:
foods, beverages, transport equipment, chemicals,
petroleum products
Dominica:
manufactured goods, machinery and equipment, food,
chemicals
Dominican Republic:
foodstuffs, petroleum, cotton and fabrics,
chemicals and pharmaceuticals
Ecuador:
machinery and equipment, raw materials, fuels; consumer
goods
Egypt:
machinery and equipment, foodstuffs, chemicals, wood
products, fuels
El Salvador:
raw materials, consumer goods, capital goods, fuels,
foodstuffs, petroleum, electricity
Equatorial Guinea:
manufactured goods and equipment
Eritrea:
machinery, petroleum products, food, manufactured goods
Estonia:
machinery and equipment 31%, chemical products 13%,
foodstuffs 11%, metal products 8%, textiles 8% (1999)
Ethiopia:
food and live animals, petroleum and petroleum products,
chemicals, machinery, motor vehicles
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas):
fuel, food and drink, building
materials, clothing
Faroe Islands:
machinery and transport equipment 29%, consumer goods
36%, raw materials and semi-manufactures 32%, fuels, fish and salt
(1999)
Fiji:
manufactured goods, machinery and transport equipment,
petroleum products, food, chemicals
Finland:
foodstuffs, petroleum and petroleum products, chemicals,
transport equipment, iron and steel, machinery, textile yarn and
fabrics, grains
France:
machinery and equipment, vehicles, crude oil, aircraft,
plastics, chemicals
French Guiana:
food (grains, processed meat), machinery and
transport equipment, fuels and chemicals
French Polynesia:
fuels, foodstuffs, equipment
Gabon:
machinery and equipment, foodstuffs, chemicals, petroleum
products, construction materials
Gambia, The:
foodstuffs, manufactures, fuel, machinery and transport
equipment
Gaza Strip:
food, consumer goods, construction materials
Georgia:
fuel, grain and other foods, machinery and parts, transport
equipment
Germany:
machinery, vehicles, chemicals, foodstuffs, textiles, metals
Ghana:
capital equipment, petroleum, foodstuffs
Gibraltar:
fuels, manufactured goods, and foodstuffs
Greece:
manufactured goods, foodstuffs, fuels, chemicals
Greenland:
machinery and transport equipment, manufactured goods,
food, petroleum products
Grenada:
food, manufactured goods, machinery, chemicals, fuel (1989)
Guadeloupe:
foodstuffs, fuels, vehicles, clothing and other consumer
goods, construction materials
Guam:
petroleum and petroleum products, food, manufactured goods
Guatemala:
fuels, machinery and transport equipment, construction
materials, grain, fertilizers, electricity
Guernsey:
coal, gasoline, oil, machinery and equipment
Guinea:
petroleum products, metals, machinery, transport equipment,
textiles, grain and other foodstuffs
Guinea-Bissau:
foodstuffs, machinery and transport equipment,
petroleum products (1996)
Guyana:
manufactures, machinery, petroleum, food
Haiti:
food, machinery and transport equipment, fuels, raw materials
Honduras:
machinery and transport equipment, industrial raw
materials, chemical products, fuels, foodstuffs
Hong Kong:
foodstuffs, transport equipment, raw materials,
semimanufactures, petroleum; a large share is reexported
Hungary:
machinery and equipment 51.1%, other manufactures 35.9%,
fuels and electricity 8.1%, food products 2.8%, raw materials 2.1%
(2000)
Iceland:
machinery and equipment, petroleum products; foodstuffs,
textiles
India:
crude oil, machinery, gems, fertilizer, chemicals
Indonesia:
machinery and equipment; chemicals, fuels, foodstuffs
Iran:
industrial raw materials and intermediate goods, capital
goods, foodstuffs and other consumer goods, technical services,
military supplies
Iraq:
food, medicine, manufactures
Ireland:
data processing equipment, other machinery and equipment,
chemicals; petroleum and petroleum products, textiles, clothing
Israel:
raw materials, military equipment, investment goods, rough
diamonds, fuels, consumer goods
Italy:
engineering products, chemicals, transport equipment, energy
products, minerals and nonferrous metals, textiles and clothing;
food, beverages and tobacco
Jamaica:
machinery and transport equipment, construction materials,
fuel, food, chemicals, fertilizers
Japan:
fuels, foodstuffs, chemicals, textiles, office machinery
Jersey:
machinery and transport equipment, manufactured goods,
foodstuffs, mineral fuels, chemicals
Jordan:
crude oil, machinery, transport equipment, food, live
animals, manufactured goods
Kazakhstan:
machinery and parts, industrial materials, oil and gas,
vehicles
Kenya:
machinery and transportation equipment, petroleum products,
iron and steel
Kiribati:
foodstuffs, machinery and equipment, miscellaneous
manufactured goods, fuel
Korea, North:
petroleum, coking coal, machinery and equipment;
consumer goods, grain
Korea, South:
machinery, electronics and electronic equipment, oil,
steel, transport equipment, textiles, organic chemicals, grains
Kuwait:
food, construction materials, vehicles and parts, clothing
Kyrgyzstan:
oil and gas, machinery and equipment, foodstuffs
Laos:
machinery and equipment, vehicles, fuel
Latvia:
machinery and equipment, chemicals, fuels
Lebanon:
foodstuffs, machinery and transport equipment, consumer
goods, chemicals, textiles, metals, fuels, agricultural foods
Lesotho:
food; building materials, vehicles, machinery, medicines,
petroleum products (1995)
Liberia:
fuels, chemicals, machinery, transportation equipment,
manufactured goods; rice and other foodstuffs
Libya:
machinery, transport equipment, food, manufactured goods
Liechtenstein:
machinery, metal goods, textiles, foodstuffs, motor
vehicles
Lithuania:
machinery and equipment 18%, mineral products 16%,
chemicals 10%, textiles and clothing 10%, transport equipment 7%
(1999)
Luxembourg:
minerals, metals, foodstuffs, quality consumer goods
Macau:
raw materials, foodstuffs, capital goods, fuels, consumer
goods
Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of:
machinery and equipment,
chemicals, fuels; food products
Madagascar:
intermediate manufactures, capital goods, petroleum,
consumer goods, food
Malawi:
food, petroleum products, semimanufactures, consumer goods,
transportation equipment
Malaysia:
machinery and transport equipment, chemicals, food, fuel
and lubricants
Maldives:
consumer goods, intermediate and capital goods, petroleum
products
Mali:
machinery and equipment, construction materials, petroleum,
foodstuffs, textiles
Malta:
machinery and transport equipment, manufactured and
semi-manufactured goods; food, drink, and tobacco
Man, Isle of:
timber, fertilizers, fish
Marshall Islands:
foodstuffs, machinery and equipment, fuels,
beverages and tobacco
Martinique:
petroleum products, crude oil, foodstuffs, construction
materials, vehicles, clothing and other consumer goods
Mauritania:
machinery and equipment, petroleum products, capital
goods, foodstuffs, consumer goods
Mauritius:
manufactured goods, capital equipment, foodstuffs,
petroleum products, chemicals (1996)
Mayotte:
food, machinery and equipment, transportation equipment,
metals, chemicals
Mexico:
metal-working machines, steel mill products, agricultural
machinery, electrical equipment, car parts for assembly, repair
parts for motor vehicles, aircraft, and aircraft parts
Micronesia, Federated States of:
food, manufactured goods, machinery
and equipment, beverages
Moldova:
mineral products and fuel 38%, machinery and equipment,
chemicals, textiles (1999)
Mongolia:
machinery and equipment, fuels, food products, industrial
consumer goods, chemicals, building materials, sugar, tea
Montserrat:
machinery and transportation equipment, foodstuffs,
manufactured goods, fuels, lubricants, and related materials
Morocco:
semiprocessed goods, machinery and equipment, food and
beverages, consumer goods, fuel
Mozambique:
machinery and equipment, mineral products, chemicals,
metals, foodstuffs, textiles (2000)
Namibia:
foodstuffs; petroleum products and fuel, machinery and
equipment, chemicals
Nauru:
food, fuel, manufactures, building materials, machinery
Nepal:
gold, machinery and equipment, petroleum products, fertilizer
Netherlands:
machinery and transport equipment, chemicals, fuels;
foodstuffs, clothing
Netherlands Antilles:
crude petroleum, food, manufactures
New Caledonia:
transport equipment, machinery and electrical
equipment, fuels, minerals, wine, sugar, rice
New Zealand:
machinery and equipment, vehicles and aircraft,
petroleum, consumer goods, plastics
Nicaragua:
machinery and equipment, raw materials, petroleum
products, consumer goods
Niger:
consumer goods, primary materials, machinery, vehicles and
parts, petroleum, cereals
Nigeria:
machinery, chemicals, transport equipment, manufactured
goods, food and live animals
Niue:
food, live animals, manufactured goods, machinery, fuels,
lubricants, chemicals, drugs
Norfolk Island:
NA
Northern Mariana Islands:
food, construction equipment and
materials, petroleum products
Norway:
machinery and equipment, chemicals, metals, foodstuffs
Oman:
machinery and transport equipment, manufactured goods, food,
livestock, lubricants
Pakistan:
machinery, petroleum, petroleum products, chemicals,
transportation equipment, edible oils, grains, pulses, flour
Palau:
machinery and equipment, fuels, metals; foodstuffs
Panama:
capital goods, crude oil, foodstuffs, consumer goods,
chemicals
Papua New Guinea:
machinery and transport equipment, manufactured
goods, food, fuels, chemicals
Paraguay:
road vehicles, consumer goods, tobacco, petroleum
products, electrical machinery
Peru:
machinery, transport equipment, foodstuffs, petroleum, iron
and steel, chemicals, pharmaceuticals
Philippines:
raw materials and intermediate goods, capital goods,
consumer goods, fuels
Pitcairn Islands:
fuel oil, machinery, building materials, flour,
sugar, other foodstuffs
Poland:
machinery and transport equipment 38.2%, intermediate
manufactured goods 20.8%, chemicals 14.3%, miscellaneous
manufactured goods 9.5% (1999)
Portugal:
machinery and transport equipment, chemicals, petroleum,
textiles, agricultural products
Puerto Rico:
chemicals, machinery and equipment, clothing, food,
fish, petroleum products
Qatar:
machinery and transport equipment, food, chemicals
Reunion:
manufactured goods, food, beverages, tobacco, machinery and
transportation equipment, raw materials, and petroleum products
Romania:
machinery and equipment 23%, fuels and minerals 12%,
chemicals 9%, textile and products 19% (1999)
Russia:
machinery and equipment, consumer goods, medicines, meat,
grain, sugar, semifinished metal products
Rwanda:
foodstuffs, machinery and equipment, steel, petroleum
products, cement and construction material
Saint Helena:
food, beverages, tobacco, fuel oils, animal feed,
building materials, motor vehicles and parts, machinery and parts
Saint Kitts and Nevis:
machinery, manufactures, food, fuels
Saint Lucia:
food 23%, manufactured goods 21%, machinery and
transportation equipment 19%, chemicals, fuels
Saint Pierre and Miquelon:
meat, clothing, fuel, electrical
equipment, machinery, building materials
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines:
foodstuffs, machinery and
equipment, chemicals and fertilizers, minerals and fuels
Samoa:
machinery and equipment, industrial supplies, foodstuffs
San Marino:
wide variety of consumer manufactures, food
Sao Tome and Principe:
machinery and electrical equipment, food
products, petroleum products
Saudi Arabia:
machinery and equipment, foodstuffs, chemicals, motor
vehicles, textiles
Senegal:
foods and beverages, consumer goods, capital goods,
petroleum products
Seychelles:
machinery and equipment, foodstuffs, petroleum products,
chemicals
Sierra Leone:
foodstuffs, machinery and equipment, fuels and
lubricants, chemicals
Singapore:
machinery and equipment, mineral fuels, chemicals,
foodstuffs
Slovakia:
machinery and transport equipment 37.7%, intermediate
manufactured goods 18%, fuels 13%, chemicals 11%, miscellaneous
manufactured goods 9.5% (1999)
Slovenia:
machinery and transport equipment, manufactured goods,
chemicals, fuels and lubricants, food
Solomon Islands:
plant and equipment, manufactured goods, food and
live animals, fuels, chemicals
Somalia:
manufactures, petroleum products, foodstuffs, construction
materials (1995)
South Africa:
machinery, foodstuffs and equipment, chemicals,
petroleum products, scientific instruments
Spain:
machinery and equipment, fuels, chemicals, semifinished
goods; foodstuffs, consumer goods (1997)
Sri Lanka:
machinery and equipment, textiles, petroleum, foodstuffs
Sudan:
foodstuffs, manufactured goods, machinery and transport
equipment, medicines and chemicals, textiles
Suriname:
capital equipment, petroleum, foodstuffs, cotton, consumer
goods
Swaziland:
motor vehicles, machinery, transport equipment,
foodstuffs, petroleum products, chemicals
Sweden:
machinery, petroleum and petroleum products, chemicals,
motor vehicles, iron and steel; foodstuffs, clothing
Switzerland:
machinery, chemicals, vehicles, metals; agricultural
products, textiles
Syria:
machinery and equipment 23%, foodstuffs/animals 20%, metal
and metal products 15%, textiles 10%, chemicals 10% (1998 est.)
Tajikistan:
electricity, petroleum products, aluminum oxide,
machinery and equipment, foodstuffs
Tanzania:
consumer goods, machinery and transportation equipment,
industrial raw materials, crude oil
Thailand:
capital goods, intermediate goods and raw materials,
consumer goods, fuels
Togo:
machinery and equipment, foodstuffs, petroleum products
Tokelau:
foodstuffs, building materials, fuel
Tonga:
foodstuffs, machinery and transport equipment, fuels,
chemicals
Trinidad and Tobago:
machinery, transportation equipment,
manufactured goods, food, live animals
Tunisia:
machinery and equipment, hydrocarbons, chemicals, food
Turkey:
machinery 28.3%, chemicals 15.2%, semi-finished goods 14.5%,
fuels 11%, transport equipment 9.5% (1999)
Turkmenistan:
machinery and equipment 60%, foodstuffs 15% (1999)
Turks and Caicos Islands:
food and beverages, tobacco, clothing,
manufactures, construction materials
Tuvalu:
food, animals, mineral fuels, machinery, manufactured goods
Uganda:
vehicles, petroleum, medical supplies; cereals
Ukraine:
energy, machinery and parts, transportation equipment,
chemicals
United Arab Emirates:
machinery and transport equipment, chemicals,
food
United Kingdom:
manufactured goods, machinery, fuels; foodstuffs
United States:
crude oil and refined petroleum products, machinery,
automobiles, consumer goods, industrial raw materials, food and
beverages
Uruguay:
road vehicles, electrical machinery, metal manufactures,
heavy industrial machinery, crude petroleum
Uzbekistan:
machinery and equipment, chemicals, metals; foodstuffs
Vanuatu:
machinery and equipment, foodstuffs, fuels
Venezuela:
raw materials, machinery and equipment, transport
equipment, construction materials
Vietnam:
machinery and equipment, petroleum products, fertilizer,
steel products, raw cotton, grain, cement, motorcycles
Virgin Islands:
crude oil, foodstuffs, consumer goods, building
materials
Wallis and Futuna:
chemicals, machinery, passenger ships, consumer
goods
West Bank:
food, consumer goods, construction materials
Western Sahara:
fuel for fishing fleet, foodstuffs
World:
the whole range of industrial and agricultural goods and
services
Yemen:
food and live animals, machinery and equipment
Yugoslavia:
machinery and transport equipment, fuels and lubricants,
manufactured goods, chemicals, food and live animals, raw materials
Zambia:
machinery, transportation equipment, fuels, petroleum
products, electricity, fertilizer; foodstuffs, clothing
Zimbabwe:
machinery and transport equipment 35%, other manufactures
18%, chemicals 17%, fuels 14% (1999 est.)
Taiwan:
machinery and electrical equipment 51%, minerals, precision
instruments
======================================================================
@Imports - partners
Afghanistan:
FSU, Pakistan, Iran, Japan, Singapore, India, South
Korea, Germany
Albania:
Italy 37%, Greece 28%, Turkey 6%, Germany 6%, Bulgaria 3%
(2000)
Algeria:
France 30%, Italy 9%, Germany 7%, Spain 6%, US 5%, Turkey
5% (1999)
American Samoa:
US 62%, Japan 9%, NZ 7%, Australia 11%, Fiji 4%,
other 7%
Andorra:
Spain 48%, France 35%, US 2.3% (1998)
Angola:
South Korea 16%, Portugal 15%, US 13%, South Africa 10%,
France 8% (1999)
Anguilla:
NA
Antigua and Barbuda:
US 27%, UK 16%, Canada 4%, OECS 3%
Argentina:
EU 28%, US 22%, Brazil 21% (1999 est.)
Armenia:
Russia 17%, US 11%, Belgium 11%, Iran 10%, UK, Turkey (1999)
Aruba:
US 63%, Netherlands 11%, Netherlands Antilles 3%, Japan (1999)
Australia:
EU 24%, US 22%, Japan 14%, ASEAN 13% (1999)
Austria:
EU 70.3% (Germany 42.5%, Italy 7.9%, France 5.3%), US 5.4%,
Switzerland 3.0%, Hungary 2.8% (1999)
Azerbaijan:
Russia, Turkey, Ukraine, UAE, Iran
Bahamas, The:
US 27.3%, Italy 26.5%, Japan 10%, Denmark 4.2% (1998)
Bahrain:
France 20%, US 14%, UK 8%, Saudi Arabia 7%, Japan 5% (1999)
Bangladesh:
India 12.2%, Singapore 7.8%, Japan 6.7%, China 6.4%, US
5.3% (1999)
Barbados:
US 30.7%, Trinidad and Tobago 10.2%, Japan 8.3%, UK 7.7%,
Canada 2.2% (1998)
Belarus:
Russia 54%, Ukraine, Germany, Poland, Lithuania (1998)
Belgium:
EU 71% (Germany 18%, Netherlands 17%, France 14%, UK 9%)
(1999)
Belize:
US 58%, Mexico 12%, UK 5% EU 5%, Central America 5%, Caricom
4% (1998)
Benin:
France 38%, China 16%, UK 9%, Cote d'Ivoire 5% (1999)
Bermuda:
US 34%, UK 9%, Mexico 8% (1997)
Bhutan:
India 77%, Japan, UK, Germany, US
Bolivia:
US 32%, Japan 24%, Brazil 12%, Argentina 12%, Chile 7%,
Peru 4%, Germany 3%, other 6% (1998)
Bosnia and Herzegovina:
Croatia, Slovenia, Germany, Italy
Botswana:
Southern African Customs Union (SACU) 76%, Europe 10%,
South Korea 5% (1998)
Brazil:
US 24%, Argentina 12%, Germany 10%, Japan 5%, Italy 5% (1999)
British Virgin Islands:
Virgin Islands (US), Puerto Rico, US
Brunei:
Singapore 34%, UK 15%, Malaysia 15%, US 5% (1999)
Bulgaria:
Russia 24%, Germany 14%, Italy 8%, Greece 5%, France 5%,
Romania 4%, Turkey 3%, US 3% (2000)
Burkina Faso:
Cote d'Ivoire 30%, France 28%, Spain 3%, Benelux 3%
(1999)
Burma:
Singapore 28%, Thailand 12%, China 10%, Japan 10%, South
Korea 9% (1999 est.)
Burundi:
Belgium 20%, Zambia 11%, Kenya 8%, South Africa 5%, France
4% (1999)
Cambodia:
Thailand 16%, Vietnam 9%, Japan 7%, Hong Kong 5%, China 5%
(1997)
Cameroon:
France 29%, Germany 7%, US 6%, Japan 6% (2000 est.)
Canada:
US 76%, Japan 3%, UK, Germany, France, Mexico, Taiwan, South
Korea (1999)
Cape Verde:
Portugal, Netherlands, France, UK, Spain, US
Cayman Islands:
US, Trinidad and Tobago, UK, Netherlands Antilles,
Japan
Central African Republic:
France 35%, Cameroon 13%, Benelux, Cote
d'Ivoire, Germany, Japan (1999)
Chad:
France 40%, Cameroon 13%, Nigeria 12%, India 5% (1999)
Chile:
US 24%, EU 23%, Argentina 11%, Brazil 6%, Japan 6%, Mexico 5%
(1998)
China:
Japan 18%, Taiwan 11%, US 10%, South Korea 10%, Germany, Hong
Kong, Russia, Malaysia (2000)
Christmas Island:
principally Australia
Cocos (Keeling) Islands:
Australia
Colombia:
US 35%, EU 16%, Andean Community of Nations 15%, Japan 5%
(2000 est.)
Comoros:
France 38%, Pakistan 13%, South Africa 8%, Kenya 8% (1998)
Congo, Democratic Republic of the:
South Africa 28%, Benelux 14%,
Nigeria 9%, Kenya 7%, China (1999)
Congo, Republic of the:
France 23%, US 9%, Belgium 8%, UK 7%, Italy
(1997 est.)
Cook Islands:
NZ 70%, Australia 8% (1999)
Costa Rica:
US 56.4%, EU 9%, Mexico 5.4%, Japan 4.7%, (1999)
Cote d'Ivoire:
France 26%, Nigeria 10%, China 7%, Italy 5%, Germany
4% (1999)
Croatia:
Germany 18.5%, Italy 15.9%, Russia 8.6%, Slovenia 7.9%,
Austria 7.1% (1999)
Cuba:
Spain 18%, Venezuela 13%, Canada 8% (1999)
Cyprus:
Greek Cypriot area: UK 11.2%, US 10.6%, Italy 8.8%, Greece
8.2%, Germany 6.7% (1999); Turkish Cypriot area: Turkey 58.6%, UK
12.5%, other EU 13% (1999)
Czech Republic:
Germany 37.5%, Slovakia 6.7%, Austria 6.2%, Italy
5.9%, France 5.4% (1999)
Denmark:
EU 72.1% (Germany 21.6%, Sweden 12.4%, UK 8.0%, Netherlands
8.0%, France 5.8%), Norway 4.2%, US 4.5% (1999)
Djibouti:
France 13%, Ethiopia 12%, Italy 9%, Saudi Arabia 6%, UK 6%
(1998)
Dominica:
US 41%, Caricom countries 25%, UK 13%, Netherlands, Canada
(1996 est.)
Dominican Republic:
US 25.7%, Venezuela 9.2%, Mexico 4%, Japan 3%,
Panama 2.6% (1999 est.)
Ecuador:
US 30%, Colombia 13%, Venezuela 6%, Japan 5%, Venezuela 6%,
Mexico 3% (1998)
Egypt:
EU 36%, US 14%, Afro-Asian countries 14%, Middle East 6%
(1999)
El Salvador:
US 52%, Guatemala 9%, Mexico 6%, Costa Rica 3% (1999)
Equatorial Guinea:
US 35%, France 15%, Spain 10%, Cameroon 10%, UK
6% (1997)
Eritrea:
Italy 17.4%, UAE 16.2%, Germany 5.7%, UK 4.5%, Korea 4.4%
(1998)
Estonia:
Finland 22.8%, Russia 13.5%, Sweden 9.3%, Germany 9.3%,
Japan 4.7% (1999)
Ethiopia:
Saudi Arabia 28%, Italy 10%, Russia 7%, US 6% (1999 est.)
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas):
UK, Japan, Chile, NZ
Faroe Islands:
Denmark 28%, Norway 26%, Germany 7%, UK 6% Sweden 5%,
Iceland 4%, US (1999)
Fiji:
Australia 41.9%, US 14%, NZ 13.3%, Japan 4.8%, Taiwan 1.9%
(1999)
Finland:
EU 60% (Germany 15%, Sweden 11%, UK 7%), US 8%, Russia 7%,
Japan 6% (1999)
France:
EU 62% (Germany 16%, Belgium-Luxembourg 11%, Italy 9%, UK
8%), US 7% (2000 est.)
French Guiana:
France 52%, US 14%, Trinidad and Tobago 6% (1997)
French Polynesia:
France 53%, US 13%, Australia 10% (1999)
Gabon:
France 64%, US 4%, UK 2%, Netherlands 2%, (1999)
Gambia, The:
China (including Hong Kong) 49%, UK 15%, Netherlands
11.6%, Brazil 10%, Senegal 10% (1997)
Gaza Strip:
Israel, Egypt, West Bank
Georgia:
EU 22%, Russia 19%, Turkey 12%, US 12% (1999)
Germany:
EU 52.2% (France 10.5%, Netherlands 7.6%, Italy 7.4%, UK
6.9%, Belgium/Luxembourg 5.6%), US 8.1%, Japan 4.9% (1999)
Ghana:
UK, Nigeria, US, Germany, Italy, Spain (1998)
Gibraltar:
UK, Spain, Japan, Netherlands
Greece:
EU 66% (Italy 15%, Germany 15%, France 9%, UK 6%) (1999)
Greenland:
EU (mostly Denmark), Norway, US, Canada
Grenada:
US 31.2%, Caricom 23.6%, UK 13.8%, Japan 7.1% (1991)
Guadeloupe:
France 63%, Germany 4%, US 3%, Japan 2%, Netherlands
Antilles 2% (1997)
Guam:
US 23%, Japan 19%
Guatemala:
US 42.8%, Mexico 9.9%, Japan 4.8%, El Salvador 4.3%,
Venezuela 3.8% (1998)
Guernsey:
UK (regarded as internal trade)
Guinea:
France, Belgium, US, Cote d'Ivoire (1999)
Guinea-Bissau:
Portugal 26%, France 8%, Senegal 8%, Netherlands 7%
(1998)
Guyana:
US 29%, Trinidad and Tobago 18%, Netherlands Antilles 16%,
UK 7%, Japan (1999)
Haiti:
US 60%, EU 13% (1999)
Honduras:
US 47.1%, Guatemala 7.4%, El Salvador 5.9%, Mexico 4.8%,
Japan 4.7% (1999)
Hong Kong:
China 44%, Japan 12%, US 7%, Taiwan 7%, South Korea,
Singapore (1999)
Hungary:
Germany 25%, Russia 8%, Austria 7%, Italy 7% (2000)
Iceland:
EU 56% (Germany 12%, UK 9%, Denmark 8%, Sweden 6%), US 11%,
Norway 10% (1999)
India:
US 9%, Benelux 8%, UK 6%, Saudi Arabia 6%, Japan 6%, Germany
5% (1999)
Indonesia:
Japan 12%, US 12%, Singapore 10%, Germany 6%, Australia
6%, South Korea 6%, Taiwan, China (1999 est.)
Iran:
Germany, South Korea, Italy, UAE, France, Japan
Iraq:
Egypt, Russia, France, Vietnam (2000)
Ireland:
EU 54% (UK 29%, Germany 6%, France 5%), US 18%, Japan 5%,
Singapore 4% (2000)
Israel:
US 20%, Benelux 11%, Germany 8%, UK 8%, Switzerland 6%,
Italy 5% (1999)
Italy:
EU 61% (Germany 19.3%, France 12.6%, Netherlands 6.3%, Spain
4.4%), US 5.0% (1999)
Jamaica:
US 47.8%, Caricom countries 12.4%, Latin America 7.2%, EU
(excluding UK) 4.7% (1999)
Japan:
US 19%, China 14.5%, South Korea 5.4%, Taiwan 4.8%, Indonesia
4.3%, Australia 3.9% (2000 est.)
Jersey:
UK
Jordan:
Iraq, Germany, US, Japan, UK, Italy, Turkey, Malaysia,
Syria, China
Kazakhstan:
Russia 37%, US, Uzbekistan, Turkey, UK, Germany,
Ukraine, South Korea (1999)
Kenya:
UK 12%, UAE 8%, Japan 8%, US 7% (1999)
Kiribati:
Australia, Fiji, Japan, NZ, China (1999)
Korea, North:
China 33%, Japan 17%, Russia 5%, South Korea 4%,
Germany 3% (1995)
Korea, South:
US 20.8%, Japan 20.2%, China 7.4%, Saudi Arabia 4.7%,
Australia 3.9% (1999)
Kuwait:
US 15%, Japan 10%, UK 7%, Germany 7% (1999)
Kyrgyzstan:
Russia 18%, Kazakhstan 12%, US 9%, Germany 8%,
Uzbekistan 8%, China (1999)
Laos:
Thailand, Japan, Vietnam, China, Singapore, Hong Kong
Latvia:
Russia 15%, Germany 10%, Finland 9%, Sweden 7% (1999)
Lebanon:
Italy 13%, France 11%, Germany 8%, US 7%, Switzerland 6%,
Japan, UK, Syria (1999)
Lesotho:
South African Customs Union 90%, Asia 7% (1998)
Liberia:
South Korea 30%, Italy 24%, Japan 15%, Germany 9% (1999)
Libya:
Italy 24%, Germany 12%, Tunisia 9%, UK 7%, France 6%, South
Korea 5% (1999)
Liechtenstein:
EU countries, Switzerland (1996)
Lithuania:
Russia 20.4%, Germany 16.5%, Denmark 3.8%, Belarus 2.2%,
Latvia 2% (1999)
Luxembourg:
EU 81% (Belgium 35%, Germany 26%, France 12%,
Netherlands 4%), US 9% (1999)
Macau:
China 36%, Hong Kong 18%, EU 13%, Taiwan 10%, Japan 7% (1999)
Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of:
Germany 13%, Ukraine
13%, Russia 10%, Yugoslavia 8%, Greece 8% (2000)
Madagascar:
France 34%, Hong Kong 6%, China 6%, Japan 5%, Singapore
4% (1999)
Malawi:
South Africa 43%, Zimbabwe 14%, UK 5%, Germany 5%, Zambia,
Japan, US (1999)
Malaysia:
Japan 21%, US 17%, Singapore 14%, Taiwan 6%, South Korea
5%, Thailand 4%, China 4% (2000 est.)
Maldives:
Singapore, India, Sri Lanka, Japan, Canada
Mali:
Cote d'Ivoire 19%, France 19%, Senegal 4%, Benelux 3% (1999)
Malta:
France 19.1%, Italy 16.7%, UK 10.9%, Germany 10.0%, US 8.5%
(1999)
Man, Isle of:
UK
Marshall Islands:
US, Japan, Australia, NZ, Guam, Singapore
Martinique:
France 62%, Venezuela 6%, Germany 4%, Italy 4%, US 3%
(1997)
Mauritania:
France 27%, Benelux 9%, Germany 7%, Spain 7% (1998)
Mauritius:
France 14%, South Africa 11%, India 8%, UK 5% (1999 est.)
Mayotte:
France 66%, Africa 14%, Southeast Asia 11% (1997)
Mexico:
US 73.6%, Japan 3.7%, Germany 3.3%, Canada 2.3%, South Korea
2%, China 1.6%, Taiwan 1.2%, Italy 1%, Brazil 1% (2000 est.)
Micronesia, Federated States of:
US, Japan, Australia
Moldova:
Russia 21%, Romania 16%, Ukraine 14%, Germany 12%, Italy
6%, Belarus (1999)
Mongolia:
Russia 33%, China 21%, Japan 12%, South Korea 10%, US 4%
(1999)
Montserrat:
US, UK, Trinidad and Tobago, Japan, Canada (1993)
Morocco:
France 32%, Spain 12%, Italy 7%, Germany 6%, UK 6% (1999)
Mozambique:
South Africa 44%, EU 16%, US 6.5%, Japan 6.5%, Pakistan
3%, India 3% (1999 est.)
Namibia:
South Africa 81%, US 4%, Germany 2% (1997 est.)
Nauru:
Australia, UK, NZ, Japan
Nepal:
India 31%, China/Hong Kong 16%, Singapore 14% (FY97/98)
Netherlands:
EU 56% (Germany 18%, Belgium-Luxembourg 10%, UK 5%,
France 6%), US 9%, Central and Eastern Europe (2000)
Netherlands Antilles:
Venezuela 35.3%, US 21%, Mexico 9.8%, Italy
5.4%, Netherlands 4.8%, Brazil 3.1% (1998)
New Caledonia:
France 49%, Australia 14%, Singapore 6%, New Zealand
5%, US 5% (1999)
New Zealand:
Australia 24%, US 17%, Japan 12%, UK 4% (1999)
Nicaragua:
US 34.5%, Costa Rica 11.4%, Guatemala 7.3%, Panama 6.9%,
Venezuela 5.9%, El Salvador 5.5% (1999)
Niger:
France 22%, Cote d'Ivoire 15%, Nigeria 8%, US 3% (1999)
Nigeria:
UK 11%, Germany 10%, US 9%, France 8%, China 6% (1999)
Niue:
NZ 59%, Fiji 20%, Japan 13%, Samoa, Australia, US
Norfolk Island:
Australia, other Pacific island countries, NZ, Asia,
Europe
Northern Mariana Islands:
US, Japan
Norway:
EU 66% (Sweden 15%, Germany 12%, UK 9%, Denmark 7%), US 10%,
Japan (1999)
Oman:
UAE 26% (largely reexports), Japan 16%, UK 9%, Italy 7%,
Germany 6%, US (1999)
Pakistan:
Saudi Arabia 8%, UAE 8%, US 6%, Japan 6%, Malaysia 4%
(FY99/00)
Palau:
US
Panama:
US 39%, Colon Free Zone 14%, Japan 8%, Ecuador 6%, Mexico 5%
(1999)
Papua New Guinea:
Australia 53%, Singapore 13%, Japan 6%, US 4%, New
Zealand 4%, Malaysia 4% (1999)
Paraguay:
Brazil, US, Argentina, Uruguay, EU, Hong Kong
Peru:
US 32%, EU 21%, Andean Community 6%, Mercosur 8%, Japan 5%
(1999)
Philippines:
US 22%, Japan 20%, South Korea 8%, Singapore 6%, Taiwan
5%, Hong Kong 4% (1998 est.)
Pitcairn Islands:
NA
Poland:
Germany 25.2%, Italy 9.4%, France 6.8%, Russia 5.8%, UK
4.6%, Netherlands 3.7% (1999)
Portugal:
EU 78% (Spain 25%, Germany 15%, France 11%, Italy 8%, UK
7%, Netherlands 5%), US 3%, Japan 3% (1998)
Puerto Rico:
US 60% (2000)
Qatar:
UK 10%, Japan 8%, Germany 6%, US 6%, Italy 6% (1998)
Reunion:
France 64%, Bahrain 3%, Germany 3%, Italy 3% (1994)
Romania:
Italy 20%, Germany 19%, France 7%, Russia 6% (1999)
Russia:
Germany 13.8%, Belarus 10.7%, Ukraine 8.3%, US 7.9%,
Kazakhstan 4.6%, Italy 3.8% (1999)
Rwanda:
Kenya, Tanzania, US, Benelux, France, India
Saint Helena:
UK, South Africa
Saint Kitts and Nevis:
US 42.4%, Caricom countries 17.2%, UK 11.3%
(1995 est.)
Saint Lucia:
US 36%, Caricom countries 22%, UK 11%, Japan 5%, Canada
4% (1995)
Saint Pierre and Miquelon:
France 44%, Canada 40% (1999)
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines:
US 36%, Caricom countries 28%, UK
13% (1995)
Samoa:
New Zealand 37%, Australia 24%, Fiji 14%, US 14% (2000 est.)
Sao Tome and Principe:
Portugal 42%, US 20%, South Africa 6% (1998)
Saudi Arabia:
US 25%, Japan 10%, Germany 7%, Italy 5%, France, UK
(1999)
Senegal:
France 30%, Nigeria 7%, Italy 6%, Thailand 5%, Germany 4%,
US 4% (1999)
Seychelles:
South Africa, UK, China, Singapore, France, Italy
Sierra Leone:
UK 34%, US 8%, Italy 7%, Nigeria 5% (1999)
Singapore:
US 17%, Japan 17%, Malaysia 16%, Thailand 5%, China 5%,
Taiwan 4%, Germany 3%, Saudi Arabia 3% (1999)
Slovakia:
EU 51.4% (Germany 26%, Italy 7.1%), Czech Republic 16.6%,
Russia 11.9% (1999)
Slovenia:
Germany 21%, Italy 17%, France 11%, Austria 8%, Croatia
4%, Hungary, Russia (1999)
Solomon Islands:
Australia 38.5%, Singapore 15%, Japan 10.6%, NZ
6.2% (1999)
Somalia:
Djibouti 24%, Kenya 14%, Brazil 13%, Saudi Arabia 10%,
India 9% (1999)
South Africa:
Germany, US, UK, Japan
Spain:
EU 68% (France 18%, Germany 16%, Italy 9%, UK 7%, Benelux
8%), US 8%, OPEC 5%, Latin America 4%, Japan 3% (1999)
Sri Lanka:
Japan 10%, India 9%, Hong Kong 8%, Singapore 8%, South
Korea 6% (1999)
Sudan:
China 14.7%, Libya 14.7%, Saudi Arabia 8.9%, UK 8.7%, France
6.7% (1999)
Suriname:
US 35%, Netherlands 15%, Trinidad and Tobago 12%, Japan,
UK, Brazil (1999)
Swaziland:
South Africa 84%, EU 5%, Japan 2%, Singapore 2% (1998)
Sweden:
EU 67% (Germany 18%, UK 10%, Denmark 7%, France 6%), Norway
8%, US 6% (1999)
Switzerland:
EU 77.7% (Germany 31.0%, France 12.0%, Italy 9.7%,
Netherlands 5.1%, UK 5.7%), US 7.1%, Japan 2.9% (1999)
Syria:
France 11%, Italy 8%, Germany 7%, Turkey 5%, China 4% (1999
est.)
Tajikistan:
Europe 32.3%, Uzbekistan 29%, Russia 13.6% (1998)
Tanzania:
South Africa 8%, Japan 8%, UK 8%, Kenya 7%, India 6%, US
5% (1998)
Thailand:
Japan 26%, US 14%, Singapore 6%, China 5%, Malaysia 5%,
Taiwan 5% (1999)
Togo:
Ghana, China, France, Cote d'Ivoire (1999)
Tokelau:
NZ
Tonga:
NZ 30%, Australia 19%, US 11%, UK 11%, Japan 3% (1997 est.)
Trinidad and Tobago:
US 39.8%, Venezuela 11.9%, EU 11%, Caricom 4.8%
(1999)
Tunisia:
France 23%, Germany 23%, Italy 15%, Belgium 3% (1999)
Turkey:
Germany 13.1%, Italy 7.9%, US 7.2%, Russia 7.0%, France
6.6%, UK 5.0% (2000 est.)
Turkmenistan:
Ukraine, Turkey, Russia, Germany, US, Kazakhstan,
Uzbekistan
Turks and Caicos Islands:
US, UK
Tuvalu:
Fiji, Australia, NZ
Uganda:
Kenya 27.5%, US 21.2%, France 19.3, UK 5%, India 4% (1999)
Ukraine:
Russia 42%, Europe 29%, US 3% (2000 est.)
United Arab Emirates:
Japan 9%, US 8%, UK 8%, Italy 6%, Germany,
South Korea (1999)
United Kingdom:
EU 53% (Germany 14%, France 9%, Netherlands 7%), US
13%, Japan 5% (1999)
United States:
Canada 19%, Japan 11%, Mexico 11%, China 8%, Germany
5%, UK, Taiwan (2000)
Uruguay:
MERCOSUR partners 43%, EU 20%, US 11% (1999 est.)
Uzbekistan:
Russia 14%, South Korea 14%, Germany 11%, US 8%, Turkey
4%, Kazakhstan 4% (1999)
Vanuatu:
Japan 52%, Australia 20%, New Caledonia, Singapore, New
Zealand, France, Fiji (1997 est.)
Venezuela:
US 53%, Japan, Colombia, Italy, Germany, France, Brazil,
Canada (1999)
Vietnam:
Japan, Singapore, South Korea, Taiwan, China, Thailand,
Hong Kong, Malaysia, Indonesia, France, US, Sweden
Virgin Islands:
US, Puerto Rico
Wallis and Futuna:
France 97%, Australia 2%, New Zealand 1%
West Bank:
Israel, Jordan, Gaza Strip
Western Sahara:
Morocco claims and administers Western Sahara, so
trade partners are included in overall Moroccan accounts
World:
in value, about 75% of imports by the developed countries
Yemen:
Saudi Arabia 10%, UAE 8%, US 7%, France 7%, Italy 6% (1999)
Yugoslavia:
Germany, Italy, Russia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of
Macedonia (1998)
Zambia:
South Africa 48%, Saudi Arabia, UK, Zimbabwe (1997)
Zimbabwe:
South Africa 46%, UK 6%, China 4%, Germany 4%, US 3% (1999
est.)
Taiwan:
Japan 27.5%, US 17.9%, Europe 13.6% (2000)
======================================================================
@Independence
Afghanistan:
19 August 1919 (from UK control over Afghan foreign
affairs)
Albania:
28 November 1912 (from Ottoman Empire)
Algeria:
5 July 1962 (from France)
American Samoa:
none (territory of the US)
Andorra:
1278 (was formed under the joint suzerainty of France and
Spain)
Angola:
11 November 1975 (from Portugal)
Anguilla:
none (overseas territory of the UK)
Antigua and Barbuda:
1 November 1981 (from UK)
Argentina:
9 July 1816 (from Spain)
Armenia:
21 September 1991 (from Soviet Union)
Aruba:
none (part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands)
Australia:
1 January 1901 (federation of UK colonies)
Austria:
1156 (from Bavaria)
Azerbaijan:
30 August 1991 (from Soviet Union)
Bahamas, The:
10 July 1973 (from UK)
Bahrain:
15 August 1971 (from UK)
Bangladesh:
16 December 1971 (from West Pakistan); note - 26 March
1971 is the date of independence from West Pakistan, 16 December
1971 is known as Victory Day and commemorates the official creation
of the state of Bangladesh
Barbados:
30 November 1966 (from UK)
Belarus:
25 August 1991 (from Soviet Union)
Belgium:
21 July 1831 (from the Netherlands)
Belize:
21 September 1981 (from UK)
Benin:
1 August 1960 (from France)
Bermuda:
none (overseas territory of the UK)
Bhutan:
8 August 1949 (from India)
Bolivia:
6 August 1825 (from Spain)
Bosnia and Herzegovina:
1 March 1992 (from Yugoslavia)
Botswana:
30 September 1966 (from UK)
Brazil:
7 September 1822 (from Portugal)
British Virgin Islands:
none (overseas territory of the UK)
Brunei:
1 January 1984 (from UK)
Bulgaria:
3 March 1878 (from Ottoman Empire)
Burkina Faso:
5 August 1960 (from France)
Burma:
4 January 1948 (from UK)
Burundi:
1 July 1962 (from UN trusteeship under Belgian
administration)
Cambodia:
9 November 1953 (from France)
Cameroon:
1 January 1960 (from French-administered UN trusteeship)
Canada:
1 July 1867 (from UK)
Cape Verde:
5 July 1975 (from Portugal)
Cayman Islands:
none (overseas territory of the UK)
Central African Republic:
13 August 1960 (from France)
Chad:
11 August 1960 (from France)
Chile:
18 September 1810 (from Spain)
China:
221 BC (unification under the Qin or Ch'in Dynasty 221 BC;
Qing or Ch'ing Dynasty replaced by the Republic on 12 February 1912;
People's Republic established 1 October 1949)
Christmas Island:
none (territory of Australia)
Cocos (Keeling) Islands:
none (territory of Australia)
Colombia:
20 July 1810 (from Spain)
Comoros:
6 July 1975 (from France)
Congo, Democratic Republic of the:
30 June 1960 (from Belgium)
Congo, Republic of the:
15 August 1960 (from France)
Cook Islands:
none (became self-governing in free association with
New Zealand on 4 August 1965 and has the right at any time to move
to full independence by unilateral action)
Costa Rica:
15 September 1821 (from Spain)
Cote d'Ivoire:
7 August (1960) (from France)
Croatia:
25 June 1991 (from Yugoslavia)
Cuba:
20 May 1902 (from US)
Cyprus:
16 August 1960 (from UK); note - Turkish Cypriot area
proclaimed self-rule on 13 February 1975
Czech Republic:
1 January 1993 (Czechoslovakia split into the Czech
Republic and Slovakia)
Denmark:
first organized as a unified state in 10th century; in 1849
became a constitutional monarchy
Djibouti:
27 June 1977 (from France)
Dominica:
3 November 1978 (from UK)
Dominican Republic:
27 February 1844 (from Haiti)
Ecuador:
24 May 1822 (from Spain)
Egypt:
28 February 1922 (from UK)
El Salvador:
15 September 1821 (from Spain)
Equatorial Guinea:
12 October 1968 (from Spain)
Eritrea:
24 May 1993 (from Ethiopia)
Estonia:
6 September 1991 (from Soviet Union)
Ethiopia:
oldest independent country in Africa and one of the oldest
in the world - at least 2,000 years
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas):
none (overseas territory of the
UK; also claimed by Argentina)
Faroe Islands:
none (part of the Kingdom of Denmark; self-governing
overseas administrative division of Denmark)
Fiji:
10 October 1970 (from UK)
Finland:
6 December 1917 (from Russia)
France:
486 (unified by Clovis)
French Guiana:
none (overseas department of France)
French Polynesia:
none (overseas territory of France)
Gabon:
17 August 1960 (from France)
Gambia, The:
18 February 1965 (from UK)
Georgia:
9 April 1991 (from Soviet Union)
Germany:
18 January 1871 (German Empire unification); divided into
four zones of occupation (UK, US, USSR, and later, France) in 1945
following World War II; Federal Republic of Germany (FRG or West
Germany) proclaimed 23 May 1949 and included the former UK, US, and
French zones; German Democratic Republic (GDR or East Germany)
proclaimed 7 October 1949 and included the former USSR zone;
unification of West Germany and East Germany took place 3 October
1990; all four powers formally relinquished rights 15 March 1991
Ghana:
6 March 1957 (from UK)
Gibraltar:
none (overseas territory of the UK)
Greece:
1829 (from the Ottoman Empire)
Greenland:
none (part of the Kingdom of Denmark; self-governing
overseas administrative division of Denmark since 1979)
note: foreign affairs is the responsibility of Denmark, but
Greenland actively participates in international agreements relating
to Greenland
Grenada:
7 February 1974 (from UK)
Guadeloupe:
none (overseas department of France)
Guam:
none (territory of the US)
Guatemala:
15 September 1821 (from Spain)
Guernsey:
none (British crown dependency)
Guinea:
2 October 1958 (from France)
Guinea-Bissau:
24 September 1973 (unilaterally declared by
Guinea-Bissau); 10 September 1974 (recognized by Portugal)
Guyana:
26 May 1966 (from UK)
Haiti:
1 January 1804 (from France)
Holy See (Vatican City):
11 February 1929 (from Italy)
Honduras:
15 September 1821 (from Spain)
Hong Kong:
none (special administrative region of China)
Hungary:
1001 (unification by King Stephen I)
Iceland:
17 June 1944 (from Denmark)
India:
15 August 1947 (from UK)
Indonesia:
17 August 1945 (proclaimed independence; on 27 December
1949, Indonesia became legally independent from the Netherlands)
Iran:
1 April 1979 (Islamic Republic of Iran proclaimed)
Iraq:
3 October 1932 (from League of Nations mandate under British
administration)
Ireland:
6 December 1921 (from UK by treaty)
Israel:
14 May 1948 (from League of Nations mandate under British
administration)
Italy:
17 March 1861 (Kingdom of Italy proclaimed; Italy was not
finally unified until 1870)
Jamaica:
6 August 1962 (from UK)
Japan:
660 BC (traditional founding by Emperor Jimmu)
Jersey:
none (British crown dependency)
Jordan:
25 May 1946 (from League of Nations mandate under British
administration)
Kazakhstan:
16 December 1991 (from the Soviet Union)
Kenya:
12 December 1963 (from UK)
Kiribati:
12 July 1979 (from UK)
Korea, North:
15 August 1945 (from Japan)
Korea, South:
15 August 1945 (from Japan)
Kuwait:
19 June 1961 (from UK)
Kyrgyzstan:
31 August 1991 (from Soviet Union)
Laos:
19 July 1949 (from France)
Latvia:
18 November 1991 (from Soviet Union)
Lebanon:
22 November 1943 (from League of Nations mandate under
French administration)
Lesotho:
4 October 1966 (from UK)
Liberia:
26 July 1847
Libya:
24 December 1951 (from Italy)
Liechtenstein:
23 January 1719 Imperial Principality of
Liechtenstein established; 12 July 1806 established independence
from the Holy Roman Empire
Lithuania:
11 March 1990 (independence declared from Soviet Union);
6 September 1991 (Soviet Union recognizes Lithuania's independence)
Luxembourg:
1839 (from the Netherlands)
Macau:
none (special administrative region of China)
Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of:
17 September 1991 (from
Yugoslavia)
Madagascar:
26 June 1960 (from France)
Malawi:
6 July 1964 (from UK)
Malaysia:
31 August 1957 (from UK)
Maldives:
26 July 1965 (from UK)
Mali:
22 September 1960 (from France)
Malta:
21 September 1964 (from UK)
Man, Isle of:
none (British crown dependency)
Marshall Islands:
21 October 1986 (from the US-administered UN
trusteeship)
Martinique:
none (overseas department of France)
Mauritania:
28 November 1960 (from France)
Mauritius:
12 March 1968 (from UK)
Mayotte:
none (territorial collectivity of France)
Mexico:
16 September 1810 (from Spain)
Micronesia, Federated States of:
3 November 1986 (from the
US-administered UN Trusteeship)
Moldova:
27 August 1991 (from Soviet Union)
Monaco:
1419 (beginning of the rule by the House of Grimaldi)
Mongolia:
11 July 1921 (from China)
Montserrat:
none (overseas territory of the UK)
Morocco:
2 March 1956 (from France)
Mozambique:
25 June 1975 (from Portugal)
Namibia:
21 March 1990 (from South African mandate)
Nauru:
31 January 1968 (from the Australia-, NZ-, and
UK-administered UN trusteeship)
Nepal:
1768 (unified by Prithvi Narayan Shah)
Netherlands:
1579 (from Spain)
Netherlands Antilles:
none (part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands)
New Caledonia:
none (overseas territory of France); note - a
referendum on independence was held in 1998 but did not pass
New Zealand:
26 September 1907 (from UK)
Nicaragua:
15 September 1821 (from Spain)
Niger:
3 August 1958 (from France)
Nigeria:
1 October 1960 (from UK)
Niue:
on 19 October 1974, Niue became a self-governing parliamentary
government in free association with New Zealand
Norfolk Island:
none (territory of Australia)
Northern Mariana Islands:
none (commonwealth in political union with
the US)
Norway:
7 June 1905 Norway declared the union with Sweden dissolved;
26 October 1905 Sweden agreed to the repeal of the union
Oman:
1650 (expulsion of the Portuguese)
Pakistan:
14 August 1947 (from UK)
Palau:
1 October 1994 (from the US-administered UN Trusteeship)
Panama:
3 November 1903 (from Colombia; became independent from
Spain 28 November 1821)
Papua New Guinea:
16 September 1975 (from the
Australian-administered UN trusteeship)
Paraguay:
14 May 1811 (from Spain)
Peru:
28 July 1821 (from Spain)
Philippines:
4 July 1946 (from US)
Pitcairn Islands:
none (overseas territory of the UK)
Poland:
11 November 1918 (independent republic proclaimed)
Portugal:
1140 (independent republic proclaimed 5 October 1910)
Puerto Rico:
none (commonwealth associated with the US)
Qatar:
3 September 1971 (from UK)
Reunion:
none (overseas department of France)
Romania:
1881 (from Turkey; republic proclaimed 30 December 1947)
Russia:
24 August 1991 (from Soviet Union)
Rwanda:
1 July 1962 (from Belgium-administered UN trusteeship)
Saint Helena:
none (overseas territory of the UK)
Saint Kitts and Nevis:
19 September 1983 (from UK)
Saint Lucia:
22 February 1979 (from UK)
Saint Pierre and Miquelon:
none (territorial collectivity of France;
has been under French control since 1763)
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines:
27 October 1979 (from UK)
Samoa:
1 January 1962 (from New Zealand-administered UN trusteeship)
San Marino:
3 September 301
Sao Tome and Principe:
12 July 1975 (from Portugal)
Saudi Arabia:
23 September 1932 (Unification of the Kingdom)
Senegal:
4 April 1960 (from France); complete independence was
achieved upon dissolution of federation with Mali on 20 August 1960
Seychelles:
29 June 1976 (from UK)
Sierra Leone:
27 April 1961 (from UK)
Singapore:
9 August 1965 (from Malaysia)
Slovakia:
1 January 1993 (Czechoslovakia split into the Czech
Republic and Slovakia)
Slovenia:
25 June 1991 (from Yugoslavia)
Solomon Islands:
7 July 1978 (from UK)
Somalia:
1 July 1960 (from a merger of British Somaliland, which
became independent from the UK on 26 June 1960, and Italian
Somaliland, which became independent from the Italian-administered
UN trusteeship on 1 July 1960, to form the Somali Republic)
South Africa:
31 May 1910 (from UK)
Spain:
1492 (expulsion of the Moors and unification)
Sri Lanka:
4 February 1948 (from UK)
Sudan:
1 January 1956 (from Egypt and UK)
Suriname:
25 November 1975 (from Netherlands)
Svalbard:
none (territory of Norway)
Swaziland:
6 September 1968 (from UK)
Sweden:
6 June 1523 (Gustav VASA elected king)
Switzerland:
1 August 1291 (Founding of the Swiss Confederation)
Syria:
17 April 1946 (from League of Nations mandate under French
administration)
Tajikistan:
9 September 1991 (from Soviet Union)
Tanzania:
26 April 1964; Tanganyika became independent 9 December
1961 (from UK-administered UN trusteeship); Zanzibar became
independent 19 December 1963 (from UK); Tanganyika united with
Zanzibar 26 April 1964 to form the United Republic of Tanganyika and
Zanzibar; renamed United Republic of Tanzania 29 October 1964
Thailand:
1238 (traditional founding date; never colonized)
Togo:
27 April 1960 (from French-administered UN trusteeship)
Tokelau:
none (territory of New Zealand)
Tonga:
4 June 1970 (from UK protectorate)
Trinidad and Tobago:
31 August 1962 (from UK)
Tunisia:
20 March 1956 (from France)
Turkey:
29 October 1923 (successor state to the Ottoman Empire)
Turkmenistan:
27 October 1991 (from the Soviet Union)
Turks and Caicos Islands:
none (overseas territory of the UK)
Tuvalu:
1 October 1978 (from UK)
Uganda:
9 October 1962 (from UK)
Ukraine:
24 August 1991 (from Soviet Union)
United Arab Emirates:
2 December 1971 (from UK)
United Kingdom:
England has existed as a unified entity since the
10th century; the union between England and Wales was enacted under
the Statute of Rhuddlan in 1284; in the Act of Union of 1707,
England and Scotland agreed to permanent union as Great Britain; the
legislative union of Great Britain and Ireland was implemented in
1801, with the adoption of the name the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland; the Anglo-Irish treaty of 1921 formalized a
partition of Ireland; six northern Irish counties remained part of
the United Kingdom as Northern Ireland and the current name of the
country, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland,
was adopted in 1927
United States:
4 July 1776 (from Great Britain)
Uruguay:
25 August 1825 (from Brazil)
Uzbekistan:
1 September 1991 (from Soviet Union)
Vanuatu:
30 July 1980 (from France and UK)
Venezuela:
5 July 1811 (from Spain)
Vietnam:
2 September 1945 (from France)
Wallis and Futuna:
none (overseas territory of France)
Yemen:
22 May 1990, Republic of Yemen was established with the
merger of the Yemen Arab Republic [Yemen (Sanaa) or North Yemen] and
the Marxist-dominated People's Democratic Republic of Yemen [Yemen
(Aden) or South Yemen]; previously North Yemen had become
independent on NA November 1918 (from the Ottoman Empire) and South
Yemen had become independent on 30 November 1967 (from the UK)
Yugoslavia:
27 April 1992 (Federal Republic of Yugoslavia or FRY
formed as self-proclaimed successor to the Socialist Federal
Republic of Yugoslavia or SFRY)
Zambia:
24 October 1964 (from UK)
Zimbabwe:
18 April 1980 (from UK)
======================================================================
@Industrial production growth rate
Albania:
9% (2000 est.)
Algeria:
7% (1999 est.)
American Samoa:
NA%
Andorra:
NA%
Angola:
NA%
Anguilla:
3.1% (1997 est.)
Antigua and Barbuda:
6% (1997 est.)
Argentina:
1% (2000 est.)
Armenia:
5% (2000 est.)
Aruba:
NA%
Australia:
1.5% (1999 est.)
Austria:
4.2% (2000)
Azerbaijan:
6.9% (2000 est.)
Bahamas, The:
NA%
Bahrain:
2% (2000 est.)
Bangladesh:
6.1% (2000 est.)
Barbados:
0.8% (1996)
Belarus:
5% (2000 est.)
Belgium:
5.5% (2000 est.)
Belize:
4.6% (1999)
Benin:
6.9% (2000 est.)
Bermuda:
NA%
Bhutan:
9.3% (1996 est.)
Bolivia:
4% (1995 est.)
Bosnia and Herzegovina:
10% (2000 est.)
Botswana:
6.2% (2000 est.)
Brazil:
6.9% (2000 est.)
British Virgin Islands:
4% (1985)
Brunei:
4% (1997 est.)
Bulgaria:
10.8% (2000 est.)
Burkina Faso:
4.2% (1995)
Burma:
NA%
Burundi:
6.3% (1999 est.)
Cambodia:
NA%
Cameroon:
4.2% (1999 est.)
Canada:
4.5% (2000 est.)
Cape Verde:
NA%
Cayman Islands:
NA%
Central African Republic:
NA%
Chad:
5% (1995)
Chile:
6% (2000 est.)
China:
10% (2000 est.)
Christmas Island:
NA%
Cocos (Keeling) Islands:
NA%
Colombia:
11% (2000 est.)
Comoros:
-2% (1999 est.)
Congo, Democratic Republic of the:
NA%
Congo, Republic of the:
NA%
Cook Islands:
NA%
Costa Rica:
4.3% (2000)
Cote d'Ivoire:
15% (1998 est.)
Croatia:
1.7% (2000)
Cuba:
5% (2000 est.)
Cyprus:
Greek Cypriot area: 2.2% (1999); Turkish Cypriot area: -0.3%
(1999)
Czech Republic:
7.6% (2000)
Denmark:
3% (2000 est.)
Djibouti:
3% (1996 est.)
Dominica:
-10% (1997 est.)
Dominican Republic:
8% (2000 est.)
Ecuador:
2.4% (1997 est.)
Egypt:
2.1% (2000 est.)
El Salvador:
5% (2000 est.)
Equatorial Guinea:
7.4% (1994 est.)
Eritrea:
NA%
Estonia:
5% (2000 est.)
Ethiopia:
NA%
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas):
NA%
Faroe Islands:
8% (1999 est.)
Fiji:
2.9% (1995)
Finland:
7.5% (2000)
France:
3.5% (2000 est.)
French Guiana:
NA%
French Polynesia:
NA%
Gabon:
2.3% (1995)
Gambia, The:
NA%
Gaza Strip:
NA%
Georgia:
-0.3% (1998 est.)
Germany:
4.7% (2000)
Ghana:
4.2% (1996 est.)
Gibraltar:
NA%
Greece:
7% (2000 est.)
Greenland:
NA%
Grenada:
0.7% (1997 est.)
Guadeloupe:
NA%
Guam:
NA%
Guatemala:
4.1% (1999)
Guernsey:
NA%
Guinea:
3.2% (1994)
Guinea-Bissau:
2.6% (1997 est.)
Guyana:
7.1% (1997 est.)
Haiti:
0.6% (1997 est.)
Honduras:
4% (1999 est.)
Hong Kong:
2.1% (2000)
Hungary:
18% (2000 est.)
Iceland:
1.5% (2000 est.)
India:
7.5% (2000 est.)
Indonesia:
7.5% (2000 est.)
Iran:
4.4% (nonoil) (1999)
Iraq:
NA%
Ireland:
14% (2000 est.)
Israel:
7% (2000)
Italy:
1.9% (2000)
Jamaica:
-2% (2000 est.)
Japan:
5.3% (2000 est.)
Jersey:
NA%
Jordan:
3.8% (2000 est.)
Kazakhstan:
14.9% (2000 est.)
Kenya:
0.5% (2000 est.)
Kiribati:
0.7% (1992 est.)
Korea, North:
NA%
Korea, South:
17% (2000)
Kuwait:
1% (1997 est.)
Kyrgyzstan:
7% (2000 est.)
Laos:
7.5% (1999 est.)
Latvia:
6.3% (2000 est.)
Lebanon:
NA%
Lesotho:
15.5% (1999 est.)
Liberia:
NA
Libya:
NA%
Liechtenstein:
NA%
Lithuania:
2.3% (2000 est.)
Luxembourg:
7.8% (2000 est.)
Macau:
NA%
Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of:
3% (2000)
Madagascar:
3% (2000 est.)
Malawi:
NA%
Malaysia:
12.1% (2000 est.)
Maldives:
4.4% (1996 est.)
Mali:
NA
Malta:
NA%
Man, Isle of:
3.2% (FY96/97)
Marshall Islands:
NA%
Martinique:
NA%
Mauritania:
2.2% (1999)
Mauritius:
8% (2000 est.)
Mayotte:
NA%
Mexico:
7.5% (2000 est.)
Micronesia, Federated States of:
NA%
Moldova:
3% (2000 est.)
Monaco:
NA%
Mongolia:
2.4% (2000 est.)
Montserrat:
NA%
Morocco:
0.5% (1999 est.)
Mozambique:
7.2% (1999)
Namibia:
NA
Nauru:
NA%
Nepal:
NA%
Netherlands:
3.2% (2000)
Netherlands Antilles:
NA%
New Caledonia:
-0.6% (1996)
New Zealand:
6.2% (2000)
Nicaragua:
4.4% (2000 est.)
Niger:
NA%
Nigeria:
1.5% (2000 est.)
Niue:
NA%
Norfolk Island:
NA%
Northern Mariana Islands:
NA%
Norway:
3% (2000 est.)
Oman:
4% (2000 est.)
Pakistan:
3.8% (1999 est.)
Palau:
NA%
Panama:
2% (2000 est.)
Papua New Guinea:
NA%
Paraguay:
0% (2000 est.)
Peru:
8.5% (2000 est.)
Philippines:
4% (2000 est.)
Pitcairn Islands:
NA%
Poland:
4.3% (1999)
Portugal:
2.9% (1999 est.)
Puerto Rico:
NA%
Qatar:
NA%
Reunion:
NA%
Romania:
8% (2000)
Russia:
8.8% (2000 est.)
Rwanda:
8.7% (1998 est.)
Saint Helena:
NA%
Saint Kitts and Nevis:
NA%
Saint Lucia:
-8.9% (1997 est.)
Saint Pierre and Miquelon:
NA%
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines:
-0.9% (1997 est.)
Samoa:
10% (2000 est.)
San Marino:
6% (1997 est.)
Sao Tome and Principe:
NA%
Saudi Arabia:
1% (1997 est.)
Senegal:
7% (1998 est.)
Seychelles:
NA%
Sierra Leone:
NA%
Singapore:
14% (2000 est.)
Slovakia:
9.3% (2000 est.)
Slovenia:
6.2% (2000)
Solomon Islands:
NA%
Somalia:
NA%
South Africa:
2.4% (2000 est.)
Spain:
4.5% (2000 est.)
Sri Lanka:
4% (1999)
Sudan:
5% (1996 est.)
Suriname:
6.5% (1994 est.)
Svalbard:
NA%
Swaziland:
3.7% (FY95/96)
Sweden:
7% (2000 est.)
Switzerland:
8.6% (2000 est.)
Syria:
NA%
Tajikistan:
10% (2000 est.)
Tanzania:
8.4% (1999 est.)
Thailand:
3% (2000 est.)
Togo:
NA%
Tokelau:
NA%
Tonga:
8.6% (FY98/99)
Trinidad and Tobago:
3.8% (2000)
Tunisia:
4.1% (2000 est.)
Turkey:
6.2% (2000 est.)
Turkmenistan:
18% (2000 est.)
Turks and Caicos Islands:
NA%
Tuvalu:
NA%
Uganda:
7% (1999)
Ukraine:
12.9% (2000 est.)
United Arab Emirates:
4% (2000)
United Kingdom:
2% (2000)
United States:
5.6% (2000 est.)
Uruguay:
-2.1% (2000 est.)
Uzbekistan:
6.4% (2000 est.)
Vanuatu:
1% (1997 est.)
Venezuela:
NA
Vietnam:
10.7% (2000 est.)
Virgin Islands:
NA%
Wallis and Futuna:
NA%
West Bank:
NA%
Western Sahara:
NA%
World:
6% (2000 est.)
Yemen:
NA%
Yugoslavia:
-22% (1999 est.)
Zambia:
6.1% (2000 est.)
Zimbabwe:
NA%
Taiwan:
8% (2000 est.)
======================================================================
@Industries
Afghanistan:
small-scale production of textiles, soap, furniture,
shoes, fertilizer, and cement; handwoven carpets; natural gas, oil,
coal, copper
Albania:
food processing, textiles and clothing; lumber, oil,
cement, chemicals, mining, basic metals, hydropower
Algeria:
petroleum, natural gas, light industries, mining,
electrical, petrochemical, food processing
American Samoa:
tuna canneries (largely dependent on foreign fishing
vessels), handicrafts
Andorra:
tourism (particularly skiing), cattle raising, timber,
tobacco, banking
Angola:
petroleum; diamonds, iron ore, phosphates, feldspar,
bauxite, uranium, and gold; cement; basic metal products; fish
processing; food processing; brewing; tobacco products; sugar;
textiles
Anguilla:
tourism, boat building, offshore financial services
Antigua and Barbuda:
tourism, construction, light manufacturing
(clothing, alcohol, household appliances)
Argentina:
food processing, motor vehicles, consumer durables,
textiles, chemicals and petrochemicals, printing, metallurgy, steel
Armenia:
metal-cutting machine tools, forging-pressing machines,
electric motors, tires, knitted wear, hosiery, shoes, silk fabric,
chemicals, trucks, instruments, microelectronics, gem cutting,
jewelry manufacturing, software development, brandy
Aruba:
tourism, transshipment facilities, oil refining
Australia:
mining, industrial and transportation equipment, food
processing, chemicals, steel
Austria:
construction, machinery, vehicles and parts, food,
chemicals, lumber and wood processing, paper and paperboard,
communications equipment, tourism
Azerbaijan:
petroleum and natural gas, petroleum products, oilfield
equipment; steel, iron ore, cement; chemicals and petrochemicals;
textiles
Bahamas, The:
tourism, banking, cement, oil refining and
transshipment, salt, rum, aragonite, pharmaceuticals, spiral-welded
steel pipe
Bahrain:
petroleum processing and refining, aluminum smelting,
offshore banking, ship repairing; tourism
Bangladesh:
cotton textiles, jute, garments, tea processing, paper
newsprint, cement, chemical fertilizer, light engineering, sugar
Barbados:
tourism, sugar, light manufacturing, component assembly
for export
Belarus:
metal-cutting machine tools, tractors, trucks, earth
movers, motorcycles, television sets, chemical fibers, fertilizer,
textiles, radios, refrigerators
Belgium:
engineering and metal products, motor vehicle assembly,
processed food and beverages, chemicals, basic metals, textiles,
glass, petroleum, coal
Belize:
garment production, food processing, tourism, construction
Benin:
textiles, cigarettes; beverages, food; construction
materials, petroleum
Bermuda:
tourism, finance, insurance, structural concrete products,
paints, perfumes, pharmaceuticals, ship repairing
Bhutan:
cement, wood products, processed fruits, alcoholic
beverages, calcium carbide
Bolivia:
mining, smelting, petroleum, food and beverages, tobacco,
handicrafts, clothing
Bosnia and Herzegovina:
steel, coal, iron ore, lead, zinc,
manganese, bauxite, vehicle assembly, textiles, tobacco products,
wooden furniture, tank and aircraft assembly, domestic appliances,
oil refining
Botswana:
diamonds, copper, nickel, coal, salt, soda ash, potash;
livestock processing
Brazil:
textiles, shoes, chemicals, cement, lumber, iron ore, tin,
steel, aircraft, motor vehicles and parts, other machinery and
equipment
British Virgin Islands:
tourism, light industry, construction, rum,
concrete block, offshore financial center
Brunei:
petroleum, petroleum refining, liquefied natural gas,
construction
Bulgaria:
electricity, gas and water; food, beverages and tobacco;
machinery and equipment, base metals, chemical products, coke,
refined petroleum, nuclear fuel
Burkina Faso:
cotton lint, beverages, agricultural processing, soap,
cigarettes, textiles, gold
Burma:
agricultural processing; textiles and footwear; wood and wood
products; copper, tin, tungsten, iron; construction materials;
pharmaceuticals; fertilizer
Burundi:
light consumer goods such as blankets, shoes, soap;
assembly of imported components; public works construction; food
processing
Cambodia:
garments, tourism, rice milling, fishing, wood and wood
products, rubber, cement, gem mining, textiles
Cameroon:
petroleum production and refining, food processing, light
consumer goods, textiles, lumber
Canada:
processed and unprocessed minerals, food products, wood and
paper products, transportation equipment, chemicals, fish products,
petroleum and natural gas
Cape Verde:
food and beverages, fish processing, shoes and garments,
salt mining, ship repair
Cayman Islands:
tourism, banking, insurance and finance,
construction, construction materials, furniture
Central African Republic:
diamond mining, sawmills, breweries,
textiles, footwear, assembly of bicycles and motorcycles
Chad:
cotton textiles, meatpacking, beer brewing, natron (sodium
carbonate), soap, cigarettes, construction materials
Chile:
copper, other minerals, foodstuffs, fish processing, iron and
steel, wood and wood products, transport equipment, cement, textiles
China:
iron and steel, coal, machine building, armaments, textiles
and apparel, petroleum, cement, chemical fertilizers, footwear,
toys, food processing, automobiles, consumer electronics,
telecommunications
Christmas Island:
tourism, phosphate extraction (near depletion)
Cocos (Keeling) Islands:
copra products and tourism
Colombia:
textiles, food processing, oil, clothing and footwear,
beverages, chemicals, cement; gold, coal, emeralds
Comoros:
tourism, perfume distillation, textiles, furniture,
jewelry, construction materials, soft drinks
Congo, Democratic Republic of the:
mining (diamonds, copper, zinc),
mineral processing, consumer products (including textiles, footwear,
cigarettes, processed foods and beverages), cement
Congo, Republic of the:
petroleum extraction, cement kilning,
lumbering, brewing, sugar milling, palm oil, soap, flour, cigarette
making
Cook Islands:
fruit processing, tourism, fishing
Costa Rica:
microprocessors, food processing, textiles and clothing,
construction materials, fertilizer, plastic products
Cote d'Ivoire:
foodstuffs, beverages; wood products, oil refining,
truck and bus assembly, textiles, fertilizer, building materials,
electricity
Croatia:
chemicals and plastics, machine tools, fabricated metal,
electronics, pig iron and rolled steel products, aluminum, paper,
wood products, construction materials, textiles, shipbuilding,
petroleum and petroleum refining, food and beverages; tourism
Cuba:
sugar, petroleum, tobacco, chemicals, construction, services,
nickel, steel, cement, agricultural machinery
Cyprus:
food, beverages, textiles, chemicals, metal products,
tourism, wood products
Czech Republic:
metallurgy, machinery and equipment, motor vehicles,
glass, armaments
Denmark:
food processing, machinery and equipment, textiles and
clothing, chemical products, electronics, construction, furniture,
and other wood products, shipbuilding, windmills
Djibouti:
limited to a few small-scale enterprises, such as dairy
products and mineral-water bottling
Dominica:
soap, coconut oil, tourism, copra, furniture, cement
blocks, shoes
Dominican Republic:
tourism, sugar processing, ferronickel and gold
mining, textiles, cement, tobacco
Ecuador:
petroleum, food processing, textiles, metal work, paper
products, wood products, chemicals, plastics, fishing, lumber
Egypt:
textiles, food processing, tourism, chemicals, hydrocarbons,
construction, cement, metals
El Salvador:
food processing, beverages, petroleum, chemicals,
fertilizer, textiles, furniture, light metals
Equatorial Guinea:
petroleum, fishing, sawmilling, natural gas
Eritrea:
food processing, beverages, clothing and textiles
Estonia:
oil shale, shipbuilding, phosphates, electric motors,
excavators, cement, furniture, clothing, textiles, paper, shoes,
apparel
Ethiopia:
food processing, beverages, textiles, chemicals, metals
processing, cement
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas):
wool and fish processing; sale of
stamps and coins
Faroe Islands:
fishing, fish processing, shipbuilding, construction,
handicrafts
Fiji:
tourism, sugar, clothing, copra, gold, silver, lumber, small
cottage industries
Finland:
metal products, shipbuilding, pulp and paper, copper
refining, foodstuffs, chemicals, textiles, clothing
France:
machinery, chemicals, automobiles, metallurgy, aircraft,
electronics; textiles, food processing; tourism
French Guiana:
construction, shrimp processing, forestry products,
rum, gold mining
French Polynesia:
tourism, pearls, agricultural processing,
handicrafts
Gabon:
food and beverage; textile; lumbering and plywood; cement;
petroleum extraction and refining; manganese, uranium, and gold
mining; chemicals; ship repair
Gambia, The:
processing peanuts, fish, and hides; tourism;
beverages; agricultural machinery assembly, woodworking,
metalworking; clothing
Gaza Strip:
generally small family businesses that produce textiles,
soap, olive-wood carvings, and mother-of-pearl souvenirs; the
Israelis have established some small-scale modern industries in an
industrial center
Georgia:
steel, aircraft, machine tools, electric locomotives,
trucks, tractors, textiles, shoes, chemicals, wood products, wine
Germany:
among the world's largest and most technologically advanced
producers of iron, steel, coal, cement, chemicals, machinery,
vehicles, machine tools, electronics, food and beverages;
shipbuilding; textiles
Ghana:
mining, lumbering, light manufacturing, aluminum smelting,
food processing
Gibraltar:
tourism, banking and finance, ship-building and
repairing; support to large UK naval and air bases; tobacco, mineral
water, beer, canned fish
Greece:
tourism; food and tobacco processing, textiles; chemicals,
metal products; mining, petroleum
Greenland:
fish processing (mainly shrimp and Greenland halibut),
handicrafts, furs, small shipyards
Grenada:
food and beverages, textiles, light assembly operations,
tourism, construction
Guadeloupe:
construction, cement, rum, sugar, tourism
Guam:
US military, tourism, construction, transshipment services,
concrete products, printing and publishing, food processing, textiles
Guatemala:
sugar, textiles and clothing, furniture, chemicals,
petroleum, metals, rubber, tourism
Guernsey:
tourism, banking
Guinea:
bauxite, gold, diamonds; alumina refining; light
manufacturing and agricultural processing industries
Guinea-Bissau:
agricultural products processing, beer, soft drinks
Guyana:
bauxite, sugar, rice milling, timber, fishing (shrimp),
textiles, gold mining
Haiti:
sugar refining, flour milling, textiles, cement, tourism,
light assembly industries based on imported parts
Holy See (Vatican City):
printing and production of a small amount
of mosaics and staff uniforms; worldwide banking and financial
activities
Honduras:
sugar, coffee, textiles, clothing, wood products
Hong Kong:
textiles, clothing, tourism, electronics, plastics, toys,
watches, clocks
Hungary:
mining, metallurgy, construction materials, processed
foods, textiles, chemicals (especially pharmaceuticals), motor
vehicles
Iceland:
fish processing; aluminum smelting, ferrosilicon
production, geothermal power; tourism
India:
textiles, chemicals, food processing, steel, transportation
equipment, cement, mining, petroleum, machinery, software
Indonesia:
petroleum and natural gas; textiles, apparel, and
footwear; mining, cement, chemical fertilizers, plywood; rubber;
food; tourism
Iran:
petroleum, petrochemicals, textiles, cement and other
construction materials, food processing (particularly sugar refining
and vegetable oil production), metal fabricating, armaments
Iraq:
petroleum, chemicals, textiles, construction materials, food
processing
Ireland:
food products, brewing, textiles, clothing; chemicals,
pharmaceuticals, machinery, transportation equipment, glass and
crystal; software