co-operation of the local inquisitors and other ecclesiastics, appears
to have had the effect desired. We hear no more from the publishers
of Milan about irresponsible competition, and the business prospered
as far as was practicable within the rather narrow limits fixed by
the censorship of the Church. The most noteworthy productions of the
Milanese presses between the years 1500 and 1700, were, as stated, in
the departments of jurisprudence and medicine. The greater activity
of publishing in these two departments may very possibly have been in
part due to the fact that they were less affected by the ecclesiastical
censorship.
=Lucca and Foligno.=--The little city of Lucca is entitled to mention
in connection with the introduction of printing into Italy, if only
because it was the only city in Italy (and possibly the only one
in Europe), in which the new art secured the direct support and
co-operation of the government in the form, first of a municipal decree
in favour of the printing-press, and secondly of a direct subvention
from the municipal treasury in encouragement of the first printer. The
printer was Clemente, a native of Padua, who was engaged in business
in Lucca as a scribe and illuminator. It was made a condition of the
appropriation (the amount of which is not stated) that the printer,
who was to be classed as a public functionary, was to hold himself in
readiness to teach the art to all who might desire to learn. Clemente
established his press in Lucca in 1477, and printed there in that year,
an edition of the _Triumphs of Petrarch_. He had previously printed
in Venice a work by John Mesne, of Damascus, on universal medicine, a
large folio of 400 pages.
A still smaller city than Lucca, Foligno in Umbria, enjoys the
distinction of having received as its first printer, Johann Numeister,
who had been a pupil and assistant of Gutenberg himself. After the
death of his master, Numeister came to Italy with the intention of
setting up a press in Rome. He was induced to settle at Foligno at
the instance of Orfinis, a wealthy citizen, who supplied the funds
necessary for the undertaking. The first publication of the Foligno
Press was _Leonardi Aretini Bruni de Bello Italico adversus Gothos_,
which bears date 1470.
The imprint states that the book was “printed by Numeister in the house
of Emilianus de Orfinis.” The second work selected was an edition of
the _Divina Commedia_ of Dante, the manuscript copy of which had been
collated and corrected for the press by Orfinis. Orfinis died in 1472,
just before the printing of the _Commedia_ was completed. Numeister
paid a tribute to his patron in the last line of the rhyming imprint:
_Nel milla quatro cente septe e due
Nel quarto mese; a di cinque et sei,
Questa opera gentile impresso fue,
Io maestro Johanni Numeister opera dei
Alla dicta impressione, et meco fue,
El Elfuginato, Evangelista mei._
--Humphreys interprets the words “Evangelist mine” as standing for “the
one who made me known to the world.”[450] M. Bernard writes, “better
Evangelist than I am.” The last volume bearing the name of Numeister
was an edition of Torquemada’s _Contemplations_. With his death in
1479, the brief record of the press of Foligno comes to a close.
=Florence.=--Florence, which for a century or more had been the
centre of the intellectual life of Italy, and which presented in
its great collection of manuscripts, its central position, and its
important trade connections, distinctive advantages for the work of
book-publishing, was comparatively late in giving attention to the new
art, and the issues from the Florentine presses before the close of the
fifteenth century, were much less important than those of Venice and of
Milan.
The first book printed in Florence, a commentary on Virgil, by Servius,
bears date 1471. It was issued by Bernardo Cennino, and appears to have
been his sole publication.
Cennino was by trade a goldsmith, and had been associated with Ghiberti
in the work on the famous gates of the Baptistery.[451] An enthusiast
about the artistic pre-eminence of Florence and of Italy, he was said
to have been jealous of the glory that had come to Germany through the
invention of printing, and he determined to master the art without
German aid.[452] In the colophon to his work, he describes the labour
of the creation of his press, a labour which included the engraving of
the steel punches and the casting of the type. His publishing venture
was costly and probably unprofitable, and he appears to have printed no
second book. He continued, however, in connection with his trade as a
goldsmith, the work of engraving punches for type.
The German printers speedily found their way to Florence as they had
already done to Rome, Venice, and Milan. In 1472, a certain Peter,
describing himself as “de Moguntia,” (of Mayence) printed an edition
of the _Philocolo_ of Boccaccio, and in the same year, he issued the
_Triumphs of Petrarch_.
The subscription reads: “Master Peter, son of John of Mayence, wrote
(_scripsit_) this work in Florence, the 12th day of November, 1472.”
Humphreys points out that this imprint is an example of the habit
of the early printers of considering their art as a kind of magical
_writing_ rather than as a mechanical contrivance.
The most important of the early printer-publishers of Florence was
Nicholas of Breslau. In 1477, he published Bettini’s _Monte Sancto di
Dio_, which, according to Humphreys, presents the first example of
illustrations by means of engraved plates. In 1478, Nicholas published
an edition of Dante, the most elaborate that had yet appeared. Dante
had evidently already taken possession of the intellectual interest
of Italy, and as early as 1472, no less than three editions had
appeared. The fact that the poetry of Dante was given to the public
in Italian, secured for it a much wider range of popular appreciation
than was within reach of works written in Latin. The same was true
of the works of Boccaccio and of Petrarch, which, with the aid of
the printing-press, promptly came into the hands of large circles of
readers. _Petrarch_ was first printed in 1470, and _Boccaccio_ in 1471,
and thereafter editions of both authors followed rapidly.
In 1474, a press was set up in the monastery of San Jacopo di Ripili,
near Florence, by two monks of the Brotherhood of S. Dominic. The
greater part of the books printed by them were distributed among the
monasteries as gifts or in exchange, but as the reputation of their
publications increased, they found it necessary to accept orders
from booksellers and from the outside public. Later, they added a
type-foundry to their plant.
=Genoa.=--The first printing-office in Genoa was established in
1471 by a German from Olmutz, named Moravus, who associated with
himself, in 1474, an Italian named Michael da Monaco. The scribes, or
_manuscriptists_, as they called themselves, made a vigorous protest
against the new art. They addressed, in 1471, a petition to the
magistracy in which they prayed to be protected from the competition
of these newly arrived printers, at least as far as the production
of Breviaries, Donati, and Psalters was concerned, as upon the
multiplication of these they depended for their livelihood. Humphreys
states that the original of this petition is still in existence.[453]
The record of the reply given by the magistrates has not been preserved.
The printers were evidently not forbidden to print these books of
service, as editions were speedily produced. The influence of the
scribes appears, however, in the end, to have been sufficient to
establish a kind of cabal against the printers, and in the course of
a year or two the German gave up the attempt and removed his press
to Naples. There was doubtless in all the Italian cities a large
measure of jealousy and opposition on the part of the old _librarii_,
_stationarii_, and _scriptores_, but Genoa appears to have been the
only city where they were strong enough actually to drive out the
printers, at least for a time.
The first Hebrew Bible printed in Europe was issued in Soncino in 1488,
from the press of Abraham Colonto. It is described as a very fine piece
of typography and as note-worthy for the artistic chapter-headings and
for the elaborate decorations of the marginal borders of the pages.
END OF VOLUME I.
The Question of Copyright
Comprising the text of the Copyright Law of the United States, and
a summary of the Copyright laws at present in force in the chief
countries of the world; together with a report of the legislation now
pending in Great Britain, a sketch of the contest in the United States,
1837-1891, in behalf of International Copyright, and certain papers
on the development of the conception of literary property and on the
results of the American law of 1891.
COMPILED BY GEO. HAVEN PUTNAM, A.M.,
Secretary of the American Publishers’ Copyright League.
Second Edition, revised, with additions, and with the record of
legislation brought down to March, 1896, octavo, gilt top, $1.75
CONTENTS.--The law of Copyright in the U. S. in force July 1,
1895.--Directions for securing Copyright.--Countries with which the
U. S. is now in Copyright relations.--Amendments to the Copyright
Act since July 1, 1891.--Summary of Copyright legislation in the
U. S., by R. R. Bowker.--History of the contest for International
Copyright.--The Hawley Bill of January, 1885.--The Pearsall-Smith
scheme of Copyright.--Report of the House Committee on Patents, on
the Bill of 1890-91, by W. E. Simonds.--The Platt-Simonds Act of
March, 1891.--Analysis of the provisions of the Act of 1891.--Extracts
from the speeches in the debates of 1891.--Results of the law of
1891 (considered in January 1894).--Summary of the international
Copyright cases and decisions since the Act of 1891.--Abstract of the
Copyright laws of Great Britain, with a digest of the same by Sir James
Stephen.--Report of the British Copyright Commission of 1878.--The
Monkswell Copyright bill of 1890, with an analysis by Sir Frederick
Pollock.--The Berne Convention of 1887.--The Montevideo Convention
of 1889.--The Nature and Origin of Copyright, by R. R. Bowker.--The
Evolution of Copyright, by Brander Matthews.--Literary Property:
an historical sketch.--Statutory Copyright in England, by R. R.
Bowker.--Cheap Books and Good Books by Brander Matthews.--Copyright and
the Prices of Books.--Copyright “Monopolies” and Protection.--States
which have become parties to the Convention of Berne.--Summary of the
existing Copyright laws of the world (March, 1896).--The status of
Canada in regard to Copyright, January, 1896.--General Index.
_NOTICES._
A perfect arsenal of facts and arguments, carefully elaborated and
very effectively presented.... Altogether it constitutes an extremely
valuable history of the development of a very intricate right of
property, and it is as interesting as it is valuable.--_N. Y. Nation._
A work of exceptional value for authors and booksellers, and for all
interested in the history and status of literary property.--_Christian
Register._
Until the new Copyright law has been in operation for some time,
constant resource must be had to this workmanlike volume.--_The Critic._
G. P. PUTNAM’S SONS
New York: 27 West 23d St. London: 24 Bedford St., Strand
Authors and Their Public
In Ancient Times
A Sketch of Literary Conditions and of the Relations with the Public of
Literary Producers, from the Earliest Times to the Fall of the Roman
Empire.
By GEO. HAVEN PUTNAM, A.M.
Author of “The Question of Copyright,” “Books and their Makers During
the Middle Ages,” etc.
Second Edition, Revised, 12º, gilt top $1.50
_NOTICES._
The Knickerbocker Press appears almost at its best in the delicately
simple and yet attractive form which it has given to this work, wherein
the chief of a celebrated publishing house sketches the gradual
evolution of the idea of literary property.... The book abounds in
information, is written in a delightfully succinct and agreeable
manner, with apt comparisons that are often humorous, and with
scrupulous exactness to statement, and without a sign of partiality
either from an author’s or a publisher’s point of view.--_New York
Times._
A most instructive book for the thoughtful and curious reader.... The
author’s account of the literary development of Greece is evidence of
careful investigation and of scholarly judgment. Mr. Putnam writes
in a way to instruct a scholar and to interest the general reader.
He has been exceptionally successful in describing the progress of
letters, the peculiar environment of those who are interested in the
career of the dramatist and the philosopher, and that habit of mind
characteristic of Hellenic life.--_Philadelphia Press._
A most valuable review of the important subject of the beginnings
of literary prosperity. The book presents also a powerful plea
for the rights of authors. The beginnings of literary matters in
Chaldea, Egypt, India, Persia, China, and Japan are exhibited with
discrimination and fairness and in a very entertaining way. The work is
a valuable contribution upon a subject of pressing interest to authors
and their public.--_New York Observer._
The work shows broad cultivation, careful scholarly research, and
original thought. The style is simple and straightforward, and the
volume is both attractive and valuable.--_Richmond Times._
The volume is beautifully printed on good paper.... Every author ought
to be compelled to buy and read this bright volume, and no publisher
worthy of the name should be without it.--_Publishers’ Circular,
London._
The book is one that will commend itself to every author, while at the
same time it is full of entertainment for the general reader.--_London
Sun._
G. P. PUTNAM’S SONS
New York: 29 West 23d St. London: 24 Bedford St., Strand
Books and Their Makers During the Middle Ages
A Study of the Conditions of the Production and Distribution of
Literature from the Fall of the Roman Empire to the Close of the
Seventeenth Century.
By GEO. HAVEN PUTNAM, A.M.
Author of “Authors and Their Public in Ancient Times,” “The Question of
Copyright,” etc., etc.
In two volumes, 8º, cloth extra (sold separately), each $2.50
=Volume I. 476-1500.= (Ready April, 1896.)
PART I.--BOOKS IN MANUSCRIPT.
=I.--The Making of Books in the Monasteries.=
Introductory.--Cassiodorus and S. Benedict.--The Earlier Monkish
Scribes.--The Ecclesiastical Schools and the Clerics as Scribes.--Terms
Used for Scribe Work.--S. Columba, the Apostle to Caledonia.--Nuns
as Scribes.--Monkish Chroniclers.--The Work of the Scriptorium.--The
Influence of the Scriptorium.--The Literary Monks of England.--The
Earlier Monastery Schools.--The Benedictines of the Continent.--The
Libraries of the Monasteries and their Arrangements for the Exchange of
Books.
=II.--Some Libraries of the Manuscript Period.=
=III.--The Making of Books in the Early Universities.=
=IV.--The Book-Trade in the Manuscript Period.=
Italy.--Books in Spain.--The Manuscript Trade in France.--Manuscript
Dealers in Germany.
PART II.--THE EARLIER PRINTED BOOKS.
=I.--The Renaissance as the Forerunner of the Printing-Press.=
=II.--The Invention of Printing and the Work of the First Printers
of Holland and Germany.=
=III.--The Printer-Publishers of Italy.=
=Volume II. 1500-1709.= (Ready September, 1896.)
=IV.--The Printer-Publishers of France.=
=V.--The Later Estiennes and Casaubon.=
=VI.--Caxton and the Introduction of Printing into England.=
=VII.--The Kobergers of Nuremberg.=
=VIII.--Froben of Basel.=
=IX.--Erasmus and his Books.=
=X.--Luther as an Author.=
=XI.--Plantin of Antwerp.=
=XII.--The Elzevirs of Leyden and Amsterdam.=
=XIII.--Italy: Privileges and Censorship.=
=XIV.--Germany: Privileges and Book-Trade Regulations.=
=XV.--France: Privileges, Censorship, and Legislation.=
=XVI.--England: Privileges, Censorship, and Legislation.=
=XVII.--Conclusion: The Development of the Conception of Literary
Property.=
G. P. PUTNAM’S SONS
New York: 29 West 23d St. London: 24 Bedford St., Strand
A Literary History of the English People
From the Earliest Times to the Present Day.
By J. J. JUSSERAND
Author of “The English Novel in the Time of Shakespeare,” etc., etc.
To be complete in three parts, each part forming one volume. (_Sold
separately._)
=Part I.--From the Origins to the Renaissance.= 8º, pp. xxii + 545.
With frontispiece in photogravure. $3.50.
=Part II.--From the Renaissance to Pope.= (_In press._)
=Part III.--From Pope to the Present Day.= (_In preparation._)
We may say, without contradiction, that the marvellous story of our
literature in its vital connection with the origin and growth of
the English people has never been treated with a greater union of
conscientious research, minute scholarship, pleasantness of humor,
picturesqueness of style, and sympathetic intimacy.--_London Chronicle._
The most important and delightful contribution to the popular study
of English literature since Taine’s volumes were published, is to be
made by M. J. J. Jusserand in his “Literary History of the English
People.” ... Only the most meagre sketch of the pleasure in store
for the readers of M. Jusserand’s volume can be given here. No one
interested in the beginnings of English literature can fail to be
pleased with this delightful study. A thoroughly stimulating book
... which will arouse fresh interest in the early periods of our
literature.--_Literary World._
M. Jusserand is an investigator of keen insight and indefatigable
energy. He has also the quality which gives to him, from his Latin
parentage, synthesis and literary tact.... He paints a picture....
It is unquestionably true that for this generation, M. Jusserand has
said the last word on this subject.... For the period of Chaucer, he
has summarized what is known with admirable skill.... His work must
be accepted as the authority on the Middle Ages as they were lived in
England.--_N. Y. Commercial Advertiser._
The book bears witness on every page to having been written by one
whose mind was overflowing with information, and whose heart was in
abounding sympathy with his work. Mr. Jusserand possesses pre-eminently
the modern spirit of inquiry, which has for its object the attainment
of truth and a comprehension of the beginnings of things and of the
causes that have brought about effects.--_N. Y. Times._
After so many excellent works, of which English literature is the
subject, have been issued in England and on the Continent, after
even the epic work of Taine, yet M. Jusserand still contrives to be
original, fresh, and creative. The history of English literature has
been written before, but what he gives us is something new; it is the
literary history of the English people, that is to say, he makes us
follow the historical evolution of the nation in literature, and what
that evolution has created and revealed. He has employed a method
which could not be used with success, except by a man with a thorough
and correct knowledge of literature and the history of the English
people, and of the people themselves, and one who is worthy of serious
consideration by all literary historians.--_La Revue de Paris_, July 1,
1894, on the French Edition.
G. P. PUTNAM’S SONS
New York: 27 West 23d St. London: 24 Bedford St., Strand
INDEX
A
Abbon, Saint, i, 56
Abelard, the philosophy of, i, 198; the lectures of, i, 198; the
influence of, upon the theological school of Paris, i, 198;
considered as the actual founder of the University of Paris, i,
197, 198
Academies, literary, of Italy, i, 322 _ff._, 344
Academy, of Venice, the, literary undertakings of, i, 423 _ff._
---- of France, founding of the, ii, 458
_Adagia_, the, of Erasmus, the first edition of, ii, 194; the Aldine
edition of, ii, 199
Adamnanus, life of S. Columba, cited, i, 50
Adolph of Nassau, captures Mayence, i, 371
Adrian VI, ii, 29
Aedh, King, presides over the parliament of Drumceitt, i, 49
Aelfric, _Homilies_ of, i, 101; the canons of, i, 101
Agapetus, Pope, i, 22
Agnien, _libraire_ in Paris in the 13th century, i, 271
Agricola, librarian of Heidelberg in 1485, orders books for the
library, i, 297
Aimoin of Fleury, i, 56
Albert, Abbot of Gembloux, makes collection of manuscripts, i, 231
---- of Brandenburg, ii, 229
Alcuin, training of, by Egbert, i, 107; the library of, at York, i,
62; correspondence of, with Charlemagne, i, 62, 109; the methods
in his _scriptorium_, i, 66; institutes the imperial schools in
Aachen, Tours, and Milan, i, 109; poem of, on the library of York
Cathedral, i, 108; his imperial pupils, i, 109; treatise of, on
orthography, i, 111; his injunction to pious scribes, i, 113; list
of the writings of, i, 114; death of, at Tours, i, 115; describes
the journeys of Aelbert, i, 228; the educational work of, ii, 479
_ff._
Aldersbach, monastery of, i, 40.
Aldhelm, Bishop of Sherborn, visits Berthwold in Canterbury, i, 97;
imports books from France, i, 97.
_Aldi Filii_, the name adopted by the son and grandson of the founder
of the firm, i, 438
Aldine classics, the, models for the Elzevirs, ii, 301
---- Press, close of the work of, i, 438; operations of the, in Rome,
i, 441 _ff._
Aldus Manutius, work of, in the printing of Greek texts, i, 243;
relations of, to the book trade of Italy and of Europe, i, 415;
earlier life of, i, 417 _ff._; letter of, stating his aims, i,
418; first publications of, i, 420; literary undertakings of,
i, 419; marriage of, i, 420; Greek classics issued by, i, 420;
institutes the Academy of Venice, i, 423; correspondence of, with
France and with Germany, i, 424 _ff._; reputation of, in Germany,
i, 430; letter of, to Taberio, i, 430; summary of publications of,
i, 432; financial difficulties of, competition of, with piratical
reprinters, i, 432; secures papal privileges, i, 432; initiates
new forms of type, i, 434; attempts to defend his office against
literary loafers, i, 437; death of, i, 438; summary of the career
of, i, 439; ii, 12, 22, 23, 102, 151, 194; privilege given to, for
Greek text, ii, 346; privilege given to, for italic text, ii, 347;
publishes the _Letters of Phalaris_, ii, 351; ii, 487
Aldus Manutius the second, i, 438; business experience of, i, 441;
gives up business as a printer, i, 445
Aleander, Hieronymus, Greek scholar and theologian, i, 422, ii, 12
_ff._
Alexander, Bishop of Jerusalem, the library of, i, 147
Alfano, the poem of, on monastery life, i, 127
Alfonso, King of Aragon and Sicily, offers rewards for literary
productions, i, 330
Alfred, King, attends school in Oxford, i, 119; service of, to the
literary interests of England, i, 98; makes English version of
Gregory’s _Pastoral Care_, i, 99; complains of the ignorance of
Englishmen, i, 99; prepares English translations of certain famous
books, orders transcripts of the national chronicles, i, 100
Al-hakem, Kahlif, library of, in Cordova, i, 254; pays large sums for
the writing of books, i, 254
Alphonso, King of Naples, the literary circle of, i, 252
Amalasuentha, Queen of the Goths, i, 20
Amandus, Abbot of Salem, i, 85
Ambrose, Saint, _Legenda Aurea_ of, cited, i, 37
Amerbach, Basilius, ii, 238
---- Boniface, ii, 173
---- Johann, editor, printer and publisher of Basel, i, 393, ii, 151;
purchases paper stock with an edition of S. Augustine, i, 348;
relations of, with Koberger, i, 393; relations of, with Froben, i,
393
Andreä, Hieronymus, ii, 410
Andreas, Abbot of Bergen, i, 86
Andrews, Bishop, ii, 97, 99
Angus the Culdee, the _Festilogium_ of, i, 46
Anjou, the Countess of, pays, in 1460, a great price for a copy of
_Homilies_, i, 299
Anna Gray, the monastery of, founded, i, 47
_Annales Ecclesiastici_, ii, 97
Anne, Queen, the Act of, ii, 472
Anselm, Saint, the Peripatetic, cited, i, 39, 197; recommends to his
pupils the study of an expurgated Virgil, i, 62
Anshelm, Thomas, publisher of Tübingen, ii, 165, 172, 231
_Antidotarium_, the, i, 196
Antwerp as a publishing centre, ii, 255 _ff._; losses of, through the
revolt of the Netherlands, ii, 274
_Apologia pro Herodoto_, ii, 72 _ff._
Aquinas, Thomas, the _de Censuris_ of, ii, 386
Arabian writers, bring to Europe the literature of Greece, i, 181;
medical works of, used as text-books, i, 195
_Areopagitica_ of Milton, the, ii, 474 _ff._
Arethas, the scribes of, i, 42
Aretinus, Johannes, _librarius_, i, 234, 246
Ariosto, the _Orlando_ of, ii, 370
Arminius, the doctrines of, ii, 291
Arnest, Archbishop of Prague, i, 44
Arnold, Abbot of Villers, i, 75
Arts and Industries, bureau of, in Venice, ii, 361
Arundel, Archbishop, ii, 130
---- Earl of, ii, 118, 123
Ascensius, _see_ Badius.
Ascham, Roger, ii, 145
Asser, Bishop, organizes education in the kingdom of Alfred, i, 99
Athalaric, King of the Goths, i, 20
Atkyns, Richard, on the introduction of printing into England, ii, 134
Atticus, relations of, to the book-trade of Italy, i, 416
_Auctores Frobeniani_, ii, 185
Augsburg, the early printers of, i, 396
Augustine, Saint, writings of, i, 3; literary work of, i, 32, 33; on
the value of ignorance, i, 121; the library of, i, 147
Augustinians, the regulations of, for the care of books, i, 148
Aungerville, Richard (de Bury), i, 308 _ff._
Aura, Saint, and scholar, i, 51
Aurelian, Saint, the _Rule_ of, i, 123
Aurispa, Johannes, dealer in manuscripts, i, 242; brings to Florence
his collection of manuscripts, i, 251; correspondence of, with
Filelfo, i, 251; publishing undertakings of, i, 251; fate of the
manuscripts of, i, 253
Austria, censorship in, ii, 249
Author, rights of, in literary production, under the laws of Venice,
ii. 399 _ff._
Authors, payments to, by Plantin, ii, 276 _ff._; acting as their own
publishers in Germany, ii, 435; in France, ii, 435
Averrhoes, i, 181; the philosophy of, i, 196
Avicenna, i, 181; the medical treatises of, i, 196
Avitus, the Emperor, i, 8
Azo, i, 183
B
Bacon, Roger, seeks scribes for the manifolding of his treatises,
i, 84; makes complaint concerning the ignorance of the scribes of
Paris, i, 218
Badius, Jodocus, (Ascensius), ii, 10, 12, 23, 31; commends the work
of Koberger, ii, 155
Balzac, Jean L. G., Sieur de, ii, 310, 333 _ff._
Barbaro, Daniele, ii, 345
---- Hermolao, ii, 345
Barcelona, early manuscript-dealers in, i, 313
Bards, orders of, i, 48
---- Celtic, arraigned before the Parliament of Drumceitt, i, 48;
existence of, preserved by Columba, i, 48,
Barnet, battle of, ii, 128
Baronius, ii, 97
Barrois, ii, 105
Barstch, _Im. anz. d. Germ. Mus._ cited, i, 40 _ff._
Basel, the Council of, i, 85; as a publishing centre, i, 391; ii,
204; the University of, i, 391; ii, 178; the relations of the
magistracy of, to the printing business, i, 392; world-wide
reputation of the printers of, i, 395; University of, in its
relations with the printers, i, 395; regulations of the magistracy
of, concerning literary piracies, ii, 412
Bassa, Domenico, secures an exceptional copyright or monopoly, ii,
379 _ff._
Baudius, ii, 289
Baudoke, Ralph de, Dean of S. Paul’s, i, 105
Bautzen, school regulations of, i, 283
Bayle, the _Dictionary_ of, ii, 444
Beaupré, the manuscripts of, i, 131
Beauvais, Jean de, _librarius_ of Paris in the 14th century, record
of his sales, i, 273
Beccadelli, the _Hermaphroditus_ of, i, 331
Beda, Noel, describes the purchase of books in Rome, i, 227; ii, 262,
444 _ff._
Bede, the venerable, _Chronicles_ of, i, 56; a pupil of Biscop,
writes in Jarrow the _Chronicles_, i, 95
Bedier, Chancellor, ii, 210
Behem, Franz, printer of Mayence, i, 381
---- Martin, ii, 175
Belisarius, captures Ravenna, i, 20
Benaliis, Bernardino de, ii, 348
Benedict, Saint, i, 9, 10; the Order of, instituted, i, 12; the
_Rule_ of, i, 12, 28; the literary interests of, i, 13; his
_scriptorium_, i, 12; relations with Cassiodorus, i, 12; life of,
written by Pope Gregory I., i, 28
Benedictine monasteries in their relations to literature, ii, 480
_ff._
Benedictines, the records by Mabillon and Ziegelbauer of the literary
work of, i, 122
Beowulf, an early text of, i, 92
Berlin, the earlier book-trade of, ii, 424 _ff._; the book-dealers
of, ii, 425
Bernard, Saint, pious fraud upon, i, 76
Berne, the convention of, ii, 339, 506
Berneggerus, Matthew, ii, 309
Berners, Juliana, ii, 138
Berquin, bookseller of Paris, ii, 443
Berri, Duke of, ii, 116
Berthold, Elector of Mayence, ii, 420
Berthold von Henneberg on the _Divine Art of Printing_, i, 368
Berthwold, Archbishop of Canterbury, i, 96
Bertile, the nun, gives lectures at Chelles, i, 51
Bessarion, Cardinal, literary activities of, i, 330, 365
Beza, ii, 54
Bible, terms used for, in middle ages, i, 44; books of, circulated
separately, i, 44; great cost of certain manuscript copies of,
in the national library at Paris, i, 299; first work printed by
Gutenberg, i, 373; the first edition of, sold in Paris, i, 374;
editions of, in various languages, printed in Zurich, i, 396;
printing of the first edition in Hebrew, i, 459; version of, by
Coverdale, ii, 141; version of, by Hollybush, ii, 142; German
versions of, published by Koberger, ii, 158; the Lutheran version
of, i, 223 _ff._; the version of, known as Matthews’s, ii, 141;
Tyndale’s version of, ii, 140; Wyclif’s translation of, ii, 130;
first printed in England, ii, 140
_Bible Polyglotte_, printed by Plantin, ii, 260 _ff._
Bibles, the printing of, in England, ii, 128 _ff._
_Biblia Pauperum_, i, 350 _ff._
_Bibliotheca_, used to denote the Scriptures, i, 44
_Bidelli_ or _Bedelli_, derivation of the term, i, 187; functions of,
i, 187
Biot, J. B., characterises the philosophical work of the
universities, i, 222
Birckmann, Franz, publisher of Cologne and of London, i, 388;
difficulties of, with the censors of Antwerp, i, 390
Biscop, Benedict, founds monasteries of Wearmouth and Jarrow, i,
95; makes journeys to Rome, collects books and pictures, i, 95;
far-reaching influence of his educational work, i, 107; purchases
books in Rome, i, 227
Blades, William, ii, 102 _ff._
Blaubeuern, the monastery of, manuscript work in, i, 86;
printing-presses established in, i, 86
_Blickling Homilies, the_, i, 101
Block-books, i, 350 _ff._; block-printing, i, 350
Blois, library of the Château of, ii, 446
Bobbio, the monastery of, founded, i, 47
Boccaccio, translates the Iliad and the Odyssey into Latin, i, 323,
324; influence of, upon the study of Greek, i, 325; the _Decameron_
of, i, 325; script of, used as a model for italic type, ii, 347
Bohic, Heinrich, manuscript of, i, 40; the commentary of, i, 230
Boleyn, Anne, ii, 140
Bologna, the academies of, i, 345; the earlier scribes in, i, 245;
statutes of the city of, i, 192; University of, i, 181, 183 _ff._
Bolomyer, Henry, ii, 119
Bomberg, printer of Venice, ii, 371
Bonaccorsi, paper maker and publisher, i, 238
Bonhomme, Jean, bookseller to the University, 1486-1490, i, 276
Boniface, Saint, i, 53
Bonus, Abbot of St. Michael in Pisa, i, 138
_Book of Kells_, manuscript, ascribed to Columba, i, 47
Books, the making of, in the monasteries, i, 16 _ff._; the making
of, in the early universities, i, 178 _ff._; the prices of, during
the Middle Ages, i, 135, 297 _ff._; the rental of, in the Italian
Universities, i, 189, 191; secured by chains, i, 141; pledged with
the pawnbrokers of Oxford, i, 310; prices of those first printed,
i, 375 _ff._
Books in manuscript, sold by pedlars, i, 261; sales of, in Paris
in the 14th century under formal contracts, i, 272; sold at the
English fairs, i, 306; prices of, in Venice, in the 15th century,
i, 413-415; importation of, to England, ii, 133; printed in Germany
during the Reformation period, ii, 240; prices of, in Antwerp, in
1576, ii, 279; transportation of, between Holland and Italy, ii, 301
Book-dealers of Paris exempted from taxes, i, 203; terms describing
the, i, 205; regulations for the examination of, i, 206; classed as
members of a profession, i, 213 _ff._; locality occupied by, i, 217
Book-manufacturing, cost of, with the earlier Venetian publishers, i,
413
Book-production in Europe, stages in the history of, i, 10, 11, 12
Bookseller of Venice, the daybook of a, i, 414
Booksellers, location in Paris of early, i, 262; in Venice,
matriculation requirements for, ii, 309
Bookselling in the monasteries, i, 134
Book-trade, the, in Italy during the manuscript period, i, 225;
survival of, after the fall of the Western Empire, i, 225; of
Paris, under the control of the University authorities, i, 199
_ff._; earlier regulations regarding the, i, 201 _ff._; of the
University of Paris, regulations of, for the sale of books, i,
208 _ff._; membership of the, in the 14th and 15th centuries,
i, 210 _ff._; of Paris in the 13th century, i, 257 _ff._; of
Germany, relations of, to the Reformation, ii, 218; in the early
universities, i, 178 _ff._; between Venice and England, i, 242
Bosco, instructor in Paris, i, 221
Bossuet, relations of, to ecclesiastical censorship, ii, 462 _ff._
Bosworth Field, the battle of, ii, 123, 129
Bourchier, Thomas, ii, 135
Boville, Charles, ii, 19
Braccio, ii, 351
Bracciolino, Poggio, i, 333 _ff._
Bracton, Henry of, i, 308
Brandenburg, censorship in, ii, 244; privileges in, ii, 424
Brandis, publisher of Leipzig, i, 400
Brazizza, orator and author, i, 355
Breda, the peace of, ii, 317
Brehons, an order of Celtic bards, i, 48
Bremen, and the writings of Luther, ii, 246
_Brœders van de Penne_, i, 89
Brice, Hugh, ii, 116, 123
Brome, Prior of Gorlestone, initiates the making of indexes, i, 141
Brothers of Common Life, the, i, 88 _ff._; manuscripts produced by,
i, 88, 89; printing-offices established by, i, 90; the work of,
in the production and distribution of manuscripts, i, 282; early
interest of, in printing, i, 282; the manuscript trade of the, i,
291 _ff._; distribute cheap books among the people, i, 368; the
first printing done by the, i, 369; the printing and publishing
undertakings of the, i, 399, ii, 109
Brown, Horatio F., ii, 344
Bruges, ii, 102 _ff._
---- Louis de, i, 105 _ff._
Bruin, Leonardo, on the book-trade of Florence, i, 234
Brute, _Chronicle_ of, ii, 116, 139
Buchanan, George, ii, 65 _ff._
Budæus, scholar and diplomat, ii, 13 _ff._; influence of, with
Francis I., ii, 14 _ff._, 39; work of, printed by Vascosanus, ii, 25
Bulæus, _History of the University of Paris_, by, i, 256
Bull, of Benedict VIII., 1022, i, 44; of Leo X., 1520, ii, 225;
papal, concerning the productions of the printing-press, ii, 359
Burer, Mathias, i, 40
Burgo, Antonio de’, i, 449
Burgundy, the dukes of, patrons of producers of books, i, 268, 294
---- Duke of, ii, 102
Bury, Richard de, i, 44; buys books in Paris, i, 218; buys books
in Rome; i, 228; describes his relations with the booksellers of
Europe, i, 233; makes reference to the wide extent of the business
of the manuscript-dealers, i, 296
Busby, Doctor, ii, 81
Busch, ii, 167
Busleiden, ii, 41
Bussi, Bishop of Aleria, an early patron of printing, i, 405
Bydell, John, ii, 142
C
Cædmon, the songs of, i, 93; paraphrases of the Scriptures, i, 93;
composes _The Revolt of Satan_, i, 93
Caen, printing in, ii, 257
Cæsaris and Stoll, establish the second press in Paris, ii, 7
Cæsarius of Arles, convent of, i, 51; the _Chronicles_ of, i, 225
Calcar, Abbot Heinrich von, i, 85
Calcedonio, ii, 350
Calvin, ii, 51, 52 _ff._; the _Institutes_ of, ii, 55
Calvinists, held responsible for the destruction of many monasteries,
i, 132
Camaldulensers, of St. Michael, carry on a trade in manuscripts, i,
234
Camaldulensis, Ambrosius, writes to Aretinus, i, 246
Cambrai, the League of, i, 420; ii, 357
Cambridge, the University of, i, 181; ii, 60; first printing in, ii,
138
Campanus, Bishop of Teramo, patron and press-corrector, i, 406
Campeggi, Cardinal, ii, 246
Campensis, (Morrhius), ii, 24
Canonical Law, works in, published by the Kobergers, ii, 160
_Canterbury Tales_, Caxton’s Text for, ii, 114
Capella, Martianus, _The Satyricon_, i, 116
Carpi, the Princess of, loans funds to Aldus, i, 419
Carthusians, literary work in the monasteries of, i, 70; the
regulations of, for the care of books, i, 148
Cartolajo, Francesco, i, 238
Cartularii or Chartularii, i, 44
Casaubon, Arnold, ii, 88
---- Isaac, ii, 27, 67 _ff._, 85 _ff._; 315; ii,; death of, ii, 100
Cassian, the _Institutes_ of, ii, 167
Cassiodorus, i, 10; birth of, i, 14, 17; summary of career, i, 14;
Abbot of Vivaria i, 15; offices held by, i, 17, 18; the _Letters_
of, i, 18; _Variæ_ of, cited, i, 18 _ff._; _Chronicon_ of, i, 19;
_History of the Goths_, of, i, 19; secures a policy of toleration
for the Gothic Kingdom, i, 18; retires to Bruttii, i, 20; character
of, as a minister, i, 20; founds monastery of Mons Castellius, i,
21; writes _De Anima_, i, 22; plans school of Christian literature,
i, 22; describes the work of his _scriptorium_, i, 26; lamps
invented by, i, 26; transcribes Jerome’s version of the Scriptures,
i, 26; writings of, i, 26, 27; death of, i, 27; character of, i,
27; work of, compared with that of Alcuin, i, 110-115; 182
Castellazzo, ii, 370
Castiglione, ii, 376
Castro, Leon de, ii, 262
Catalogue of books published in England, 1666-1680, ii, 148
_Cathac_, or “the Fighter,” name applied to the Psalter of Columba,
i, 47
Catharine, Saint, the monastery of, i, 146
Catharine of Medici, ii, 70
Caxton, Maude, ii, 123
---- William, relations of, with Cologne, i, 388; ii, 101 _ff._, 178,
467
Ceaddæ, Saint, an early manuscript of, i, 231
Cecilia, daughter of William the Conqueror, organises the school in
her convent at Kucaen, i, 52
Cell, John de, Abbot of St. Albans, i, 103
Celtes, Conrad, secures the earliest German privilege, i, 426;
relations of, with Aldus, i, 426, 435; ii, 175, 414, 421
Cennino, goldsmith and printer, i, 457
Censorship, exercised by the theologians of the universities over
the book-trade of Paris, i, 214 _ff._; ecclesiastical, i, 343; ii,
27; in France, ii, 437 _ff._; formal institution of, in France,
ii, 441_ff._; in Germany, ii, 242 _ff._; in Austria, ii, 249; in
Holland, ii, 296 _ff._, 337; literary, establishment of, in Venice,
II., 352 _ff._; 356, 403; in the Low Countries, ii, 266
Censorship, and privileges in Italy, ii, 343 _ff._
Chabanais, of St. Cybar, i, 56
Chantor, the, has charge of the library of the monastery, i, 101
Charlemagne, i, 36; enquires concerning Monastic Orders, i, 31;
listens to reading, i, 69; policy of, in regard to education,
i, 106; entrusts the imperial schools to Alcuin, i, 107; the
_capitular_ of, i, 112; interested in the school of Salerno, i,
182; orders the translation of Greek medical treatises, i, 182;
alleged connection of, with the University of Bologna, i, 183;
name of, associated with a group of the older schools, i, 197;
instructions of, concerning the disposition of his books, i, 230;
relations of, to education and literature, ii, 478 _ff._
Charles II. and printing in England, ii, 135
---- IV., i, 184
---- of Austria, ii, 201
---- V., Emperor, ii, 39, 140, 242; edict of 1521, ii, 266; edict of,
for the regulation of the Press, ii, 442
---- V., of France, letters-patent of, i, 206
---- VI., Emperor, secures the library of S. Giovanni, i, 147;
exempts book-dealers from certain war taxes, i, 207
---- VII., plans to introduce printing into France, ii, 2 _ff._
---- VIII., ii, 357; funeral procession of, ii, 440
---- IX., ii. 70; issues the ordinance of Moulins, ii, 450
_Chartularii_, definition of the term, i, 235
Chaucer, the _Troilus and Cressida_ of, i, 302; _Canterbury Tales_,
i, 305; ii, 114, 126; described by Caxton, ii, 132
Chevillier, on the early book-trade of Paris, i, 200; schedule
prepared by, of manuscripts of the 13th century, i, 259; ii, 60; on
the relations of Francis I. with the reformers, ii, 444
Choir books, produced as manuscripts after the invention of printing,
i, 87
Christina, Queen, ii, 305 _ff._
Christine (or Cristyne), de Pisa, ii, 115, 120
Chrodegang, Archbishop, initiates a reform of the monasteries, i, 128
Chrysoloras, the first professor of Greek in Florence, i, 325; ii, 23
Church and State in Germany, conflicts of, concerning the control of
literature in Germany, ii, 418 _ff._
Church of Rome, the, influence of, on education in the universities,
i, 178
Churches of North Germany, book-trade carried on in the, i, 283
Cicero, _Letters_ of, for sale by all the earlier dealers in
manuscripts, i, 250; early editions of, in Paris, ii, 21 _ff._
Cistercians, regulations of the, for the care of books, i, 148
Clarendon Press of Oxford, ii, 297
Clark, J. W., _Libraries in the Mediæval Period_, cited, i, 29 _ff._;
on the library methods of the Benedictines, i, 148
Classics, Latin, preserved in the monasteries, i, 61
Clement VII., ii, 29
---- VIII. grants an exceptional copyright or monopoly, ii., 379 _ff._
Clemente, printer and illuminator of Lucca, i, 455
_Clementine Index_, the (of Clement VIII.), ii, 377
Clerics, as scribes, i, 36; as officials, i, 36
Clictou, Josse, ii, 19
Clugni, catalogue of the library in the Abbey of, i, 131
_Clugni, the Customs of_, cited, i, 63, 70
Cluniacs, library regulations of, i, 30, 147
Cochläus, ii, 227
Codeca, Matteo de, ii, 349
_Codex Argenteus_, the, ii, 306
Coelfried, Abbot of Jarrow, and later of Wearmouth, sells books to
King Alfred, i, 96
Colet, John, ii, 194
Colines, Simon de, printer of Paris, ii, 21, 26; marries widow of
Henry Estienne (the elder), ii, 21 _ff._, 26, 30
_Colloquies_, the, of Erasmus, ii, 208 _ff._
Cologne, theological interests of the University of, i, 280; as a
commercial centre, i, 386; the library of, i, 387; the University
of, i, 387; the earlier printers of, i, 387; piratical operations
of the early printers of, i, 390
Colonto, prints the first Hebrew Bible, i, 459
Columba, Saint, chief events of his life, i, 45-50
Comester, Peter, the _Historica Scholastica_ of, i, 104
Commelin, ii, 90
Common-law copyright in manuscripts, ii, 484
Compayré, opinions of, concerning the Benedictine schools, i, 197
Compensation of authors in Italy, i, 334
_Concordat_ between Rome and Venice in 1597, ii, 380 _ff._; between
Leo X. and Francis I., ii, 440
Conrad, Abbot, ii, 168
Constantine, a scribe of Erfurt, i, 40
---- the African, comes from Carthage to Monte Cassino, i, 134;
develops the school of Salerno, i, 182
Constantinople, Acts of the Council of, i, 226; Greek scholars of,
migrate to Italy, i, 255
Contract, dated 1346, for the sale of books in Bruges, i, 290
Convention of 1793 in Paris, ii, 505
Cooper’s _Thesaurus Linguæ Romanæ_, ii, 63
Copeland, ii, 126
Copenhagen, relations of the Elzevirs with, ii, 304 _ff._
Copyists of Genoa, petition the Senate for the expulsion of the
printers, i, 413
Copyright, case of, in 567 A.D., the first in Europe, i, 46
Copyright control of manuscripts, ii, 481 _ff._
Copyright, diverse theories concerning, ii, 507 _ff._
Copyrights in Venice, ii, 369 _ff._
Cordova, described as the Athens of the West, i, 254; literary
activity in, i, 254; manuscript-trade of, i, 254; library of,
destroyed by the Berbers, i, 255; the _Index_ of, ii., 270
Correctors and Revisers employed by Plantin, ii, 277
Corvinus, Matthias, collects books in Florence, i, 240
Coster, _see_ Koster
Council at Basel, pamphlets concerning the work of, prohibited, i, 296
Council of Ten in Venice, ii, 351; establishes a censorship for the
literature of the Humanities, ii, 356
Coverdale Bible, the, ii, 141
Cranach, Lucas, ii, 168, 233; printer, painter, and apothecary, ii,
430
Cranmer, Archbishop, ii, 142
Crasso, Leonardo, ii, 350
Cratander, ii, 173
Crévier, traces the University of Paris to Alcuin, i, 197
Croatian versions of Luther’s writings, ii, 230
Cromwell, Thomas, ii, 142
Cuspinian, ii, 174
Cuthbert, Saint, i, 94
Cyclops, Doctor, ii, 229
Cynewulf, the Northumbrian poet, i, 93
Cynthio, Alvise, ii, 357
D
Damian, S. Peter, recommends to the monks the study of pagan writers,
i, 62
Danes and Normans, ravages of, in the Benedictine monasteries, i, 132
Danesius, Petrus, ii, 66
Dante, _The Divine Comedy_ of, i, 318
Darmarius, ii, 88
Daubeney, William, ii, 123
D’Aubigné, the history of, ii, 241
Day, John, ii, 143
Decembrio, author of 127 books, i, 335
_Decor Puellarum_, the first book printed in Venice, i, 407
_Decretals_, the Isidoric, exposed by the critics of the fourteenth
century, i, 83
_Decretals_, published by the Kobergers, ii, 160
Dedications, the sale of, in Germany, ii, 434
De Honate, Brothers, i, 448
Delalain, on the requirements of a skilled scribe, i, 200
Delisle, reference of, to the lending of books by the monasteries, i,
138
Delprat, history of the Brothers of Common Life, cited, i, 88
Denis, on the Council of Basel, i, 285
Denk, _Gesch. des Gallo. Frank. Unterrichts_, etc., cited, i, 32 _ff._
Denmark, relations of the Elzevirs with, ii, 305
Denys, Saint, the _Chronicles_ of, i, 57
De Rancé, treatise of, on the monastic life, i, 119
Derry, monastery of, i, 45
Descartes, ii, 316 _ff._
Desmarets, the Bible of, ii, 317
Deventer, the Brotherhood House at, a place of book-production, i, 88
De Vic, ii, 94 _ff._
De Wailly, monetary tables of, cited, i, 208
De Worde, Wynken, ii, 138
Diarmid, King of Tara, decides a copyright case, i, 46
_Dictare_, use of term, i, 44
Didier, Abbot of Monte Cassino, i, 62, 134
Didot, Firmin, ii, 329
Diemude, or Diemudis, nun of Wessobrunn, works written by, i, 54;
list of works transcribed by, i, 80, 81
Dietrich, Abbot of St. Evroul, his story of the sinful scribe, i, 64
Dietz, Ludwig, publisher for Luther, ii, 231
Dio, Giovanni di, ii, 353
Ditmar, Bishop of Mersebourg, i, 58
Dolet, Étienne, ii, 46, 449
Dominic, Saint, monks of the Brotherhood of, establish a
printing-office, i, 458
_Donaldson vs. Becket_, ii, 472 _ff._
_Donation_, of Constantine, the, ii, 227
Döring, ii, 233 _ff._
Dorpius, on Froben, ii, 189
Dritzehn, the brothers, associates of Gutenberg, i, 357 _ff._
Drumceitt, Parliament of, i, 48
Drummond on _The Praise of Folly_, ii, 193
Dryden, John, makes agreement for his _Virgil_, ii, 148
Du Chastel, ii, 44, 46, 49
Ducret, scribe for Duke of Burgundy, i, 41
Dunstan, Saint, Archbishop of Canterbury, i, 101; institutes
monastery schools, i, 101; orders transcripts to be made in the
vernacular, i, 101
Dürer, Albert, ii, 149 _ff._, 168; _Instruction in Perspective_,
contention concerning the copyright of, ii, 410 _ff._; literary and
art productions of, ii, 409 _ff._
Dutch Republic, establishment of the, ii, 273 _ff._
E
Ebert, on the division of manuscripts, cited, i, 65
Ecclesiastical Censorship, i, 343
Ecclesiastical schools, i, 36
Eckstein, Heinrich, ii, 423
Eddas, collections of, preserved by the Benedictines, i, 61
Edward IV., King, accounts of, for the binding of books, i, 313; ii,
103, 122
---- VI., ii, 67
Egbert of York, i, 107
Eggestein, Heinrich, i, 381 _ff._
Eichstadt, Abbess of, compiles the _Heldenbuch_, i, 52
Ekkhard, Abbot of Aurach, i, 58
Eligius, Saint, the biography of, i, 128
Ellis, George, _Introduction to Early English Poetry_ of, cited, i,
302
Elton, Charles, ii, 306
Eltville, i, 363
Elzevirs, the, of Leyden and Amsterdam, ii, 18, 286 _ff._; House of,
in Amsterdam, ii, 299 _ff._; publications of the, ii, 319 _ff._;
close of the publishing operations of, ii, 329 _ff._; “piracies”
of, ii, 332; relations of, with authors, ii, 332 _ff._; religious
faith of, ii, 338; relations of, to the book trade of Europe, ii,
500 _ff._
Elzevir, Abraham, ii, 292 _ff._
---- Bonaventure, ii, 290 _ff._
---- Daniel, ii, 293 _ff._; the death of, ii, 329; the widow of, ii,
329
---- Isaac, ii, 292 _ff._; 295 _ff._
---- John, ii, 293 _ff._
---- Louis (the first), ii, 280 _ff._; 286 _ff._; the six sons of,
ii, 289 _ff._
---- Louis (the second), ii, 299 _ff._
---- Matthew, ii, 290 _ff._
Elzevir Classics, the, ii, 292 _ff._; ii, 309 _ff._; 331
Emo, Abbot of Wittewierum, i, 70
Emperor, the Holy Roman, claims the control of the printing-press,
ii, 420 _ff._
England, the literary monks of, i, 90; the Abbey schools in, i, 118;
beginnings of literary property in, ii, 464 _ff._
English Crown, relations of the, to literary property, ii, 465 _ff._
Engraving, relation of, to the work of the early printers, ii, 164
_Epistolæ Obscurorum Virorum_, the, i, 223
Erasmus, deprecates the adverse influence of Lutheranism on
literature, i, 224; reference of, to Birckmann, i, 389; relations
of, with Froben, i, 394 _ff._; relations of, with Aldus, i, 423
_ff._; makes his first sojourn in Italy, i, 427; does editorial
work for Aldus, i, 427; publishes the Venetian edition of his
_Adagia_, i, 427; early editions of _The Praise of Folly_, of,
i, 428; complaints of, concerning careless typesetting, i, 428;
friendship of, with Aleander, ii, 12; the _Colloquies_ of, ii,
22, 23; feeling against, in the Sorbonne, ii, 24; criticised by
Lutherans, Calvinists, and Romanists, ii, 25, 39, 41, 176, 179
_ff._; editions of the writings of, ii, 183 _ff._; on the death of
Froben, ii, 189, 210 _ff._; writings of, ii, 192; on Aldus, ii,
198; Spanish editions of the writings of, ii, 210; latest writings
of, ii, 212 _ff._; income of, ii, 214 _ff._, 226; concerning
publishing methods, ii, 429
Erfurt, bookselling in the churches of, i, 283
Erlangen, collection of manuscripts in the University library of, i,
280
Ernest, Elector of Saxony, ii, 233
Ernst, Archbishop, ii, 229
Erpenius, ii, 292, 296
Estaples, d’, ii, 19
Estiennes, the, history of, ii, 15 _ff._
Estienne, House of, ii, 87
---- Antoine, ii, 87
---- Charles, ii, 63 _ff._
---- Florence, ii, 88
Estienne, Francis, ii, 62 _ff._
---- Henry (the elder), begins work as a printer, ii, 18 _ff._
---- Henry (the first), ii, 26
---- Henry (the second), ii, 37, 66 _ff._, 94; rhymed complaint of,
on the difficulties of scholarly work, ii, 78
---- Paul, ii, 87, 95
---- Robert (the first), ii, 25 _ff._; first publications of, ii,
30; motto of, ii, 30; appointed printer in Greek to the King, ii,
33, 42; takes refuge at Court, ii, 34; divides the New Testament
into verses, ii, 48; removes from Paris to Geneva, ii, 50; Geneva
publications of, ii, 53, 54, 55; death of, ii, 55; eulogies on, ii,
56, 254
---- Robert (second), ii, 64 _ff._
Esslingen, early printing in, ii, 439
Eusebius, praises the work of nuns as scribes, i, 53; reference of,
to the chaining of books, i, 141
Evelyn, John, ii, 298
_Exemplatores_, functions of, i, 188
_Exercitationes_ of Casaubon, ii, 98 _ff._
F
Faber, Johann, ii, 245
Fabri, Felix, the _Historia Suevorum_, of, i, 369
Fairs, in England, utilized by the dealers in manuscripts, i, 306; in
Germany, manuscript-trade in the, i, 287
Falstoffe, Sir John, ii, 116, 123
Faques, William, printer to the King, ii, 467
Fathers of the Church, Dutch editions of the writings of, ii, 331
Felice, Fra, of Prato, ii, 355
Fell, Bishop, memoir by, on the state of printing in Oxford, i, 310
Ferdinand, Emperor, ii, 242 _ff._, 249
Ferreol, Saint, the _Rule_ of, i, 63, 123
Fichet, Wilhelm, letter of, concerning the invention of printing, i,
359; ii, 5; the Rhetoric of, ii, 7
Ficino, the writings of, i, 338 _ff._
Field, Richard, ii, 146
Fileas, the, an order of Celtic Bards, i, 48
Filelfo, Francesco, i, 189; recovers in a book-shop a stolen volume,
i, 234; reference of, to Melchior, i, 249; i, 335 _ff._
Finnian, contention of, with Columba, i, 46
Flach, Martin, i, 383
Flamel, Nicholas, _librarius_ and speculator in real estate, i, 275
Flanders, in its relations to the Protestants, ii, 258
Fleury, describes the Abbey of Gembloux, i, 97; the Abbey schools of,
i, 118
Florence, the University of, i, 183 _ff._; gives special attention to
belles-lettres, i, 184; the Humanists of, i, 184; takes the lead in
the trade in manuscripts, i, 239; the earlier book-dealers of, i,
246; the literary activities of, i, 318; the literary society of,
i, 327 _ff._; the academies of, i, 344; early printers of, i, 457
_Flugschriften_, the, of the Reformation, ii, 162, 241 _ff._
Foligno, early printers of, i, 456
Fontaine, the monastery of, founded, i, 47
Fontainebleau, Royal Library of, ii, 14
Fosbroke, classifies monastic catalogues, i, 142
Foscari, Doge of Venice, ii, 373
Fox, John, _Book of Martyrs_ of, ii, 143
France, the Abbey schools in, i, 118; the manuscript-trade in, i,
255 _ff._; early printers of, ii, 2 _ff._; regulations for the
printing-press in, ii, 437; legislation in, for the encouragement
of literature, ii, 446 _ff._; summary of the privileges in, ii, 491
_ff._; takes the initiative in regard to the Convention of Berne,
ii, 506; summary of copyright legislation in, ii, 508
Francheschi, Pietro, ii, 403
Francis I., relations of the literature and the clergy, ii, 6, 7;
founds Royal Library at Fontainebleau, ii, 14; at issue with the
Doctors of the Sorbonne, ii, 19 _ff._; protects Robert Estienne
against the royal censors, ii, 34; 38, 42, 43, 45, 57, 70, 324;
relations of, with the reformers, ii, 444; edict of, in regard to
privileges, ii, 447 _ff._
Franco, Bishop of Treviso, ii, 372 _ff._
Frankfort, first sale of printed books in the fair of, i, 288;
magistracy of, protects the publishing contracts of Schöffer, i,
377; the book-fair of, ii, 247, 265, 302 _ff._ 365, 416; relations
of the Elzevirs with, ii, 302 _ff._; ordinance of the city of
concerning privileges, ii, 414
---- and the Thirty Years’ War, ii, 498
Frankland, the demoralisation of, before the time of Charlemagne, i,
110
Franz, biographer of Cassiodorus, cited, i, 24
Fredegar, The _Chronicle_ of, i, 128
Frederic, Elector of Saxony, i, 432; orders books for Wittenberg, i,
432
Frederick I., Landgrave of Alsace, ii, 423
---- II., The Emperor, i, 183
---- III. of Germany, institutes the office of imperial supervisor of
literature, ii, 419
Free-thinkers and the Church of Rome, i, 333
_Free Will_, treatise on, by Erasmus, ii, 209
Fregeno, secures in Sweden, Roman manuscripts, i, 229
Freising, Otto von, cited, i, 43
French, as a literary language for Europe, ii, 504
Friese, Ulrich, a bookseller at the Nordlingen fair, i, 283
Frilo, father of Gutenberg, i, 357
Froben, Jerome, son of Johann, ii, 213
---- Johann, i, 393; scholarly attainments of, i, 393; relations with
Erasmus, i, 393 _ff._; ii, 39, 102, 178 _ff._, 244 _ff._, 429;
letter of, to Zwingli, ii, 187; the literary friends of, ii, 188
_ff._; gives up the publishing of the writings of Luther, ii, 221;
the death of, ii, 210
Frodoard, i, 56
Froissart, ii, 117
Fromund of Tegernsee, i, 68
Froschauer, Printer for Zwingli, i, 396; ii, 141
Froude, on the patronage system, ii, 197
Frowin, manuscript of, i, 43
Fryth, John, ii, 140
Fugger, The House of, i, 431; bankers and forwarders, i, 431
----, Huldric, ii, 68 _ff._
----, Joannes Jacobus, ii, 69
Furnivall’s _Captain Cox_, ii, 145
Fust, Johann, first relations of, with Gutenberg, i, 360, 372;
lawsuit of, i, 360 _ff._; relations of, with Schöffer, i, 372;
first journey of, to Paris, i, 373; the earliest pirate of printed
books, i, 375; death of, in 1467, i, 375; sells his Bibles in
Paris, ii, 5
Fust and Schöffer, earliest publications of, i, 373
G
Gaddesden, John of, i, 308
Gaillard, ii, 40
Galeotti, J., importer of manuscripts, i, 242
Galileo, ii, 309
Garland, Jean de, compiles a directory of the industries of Paris, i,
256
Gasparino, the _Letters_ of, ii, 7
Gaul, literature in, during fifth century, i, 7
Gaza, Theodore, Greek editor for the Aldine Press, i, 420, ii, 23
Geneva, ii, 38, 50; University of, ii, 51; literary interests of, ii,
51; censorship regulations of, ii, 51; pirates of, ii, 51; great
siege of, ii, 88; theology of, ii, 91; literature of, ii, 91 _ff._;
publishing activities of, ii, 93
Gengenbach, dramatist and printer, i, 395
Genoa, contests in, between the copyists and the printers, i, 413;
early printers of, i, 458; the scribes of, protest against the
introduction of printing, i, 459
Gensfleisch, the family of (Gutenberg), i, 356 _ff._
Geoffrey of St. Barbe, letter of, i, 133
George, Duke of Saxony, puts the Protestant printers of Leipzig under
restrictions, i, 401; ii, 232, 250
George, Elector of Saxony, ii, 424
Gerbert, Abbot of Bobbio, cited, i, 38; orders books from a distance,
i, 139, 140; collects books for his libraries, i, 231; ii, 480
Gering, printer of Paris, ii, 5
German, book-trade, organization of the, ii, 497; universities in the
15th century, standard of scholarship in, i, 277
Germany, the monastic schools in, i, 118; manuscript dealers in, i,
276 _ff._; privileges and regulations in, ii, 407 _ff._; summary
of privileges in, ii, 493 _ff._; in its relations to literary
property, ii, 505
Gerson, Johann, Chancellor of University of Paris, i, 54; describes
the literary wealth of Paris, i, 261; ii, 150
Gertrude, Abbess of Nivelle, a buyer of books, i, 51, 53
Gerwold, Abbot of S. Wandrille, i, 67
Gesner, ii, 56, 432
_Gesta Romanorum_, said to have originated in England, i, 304;
edition of the, printed by A. Koberger, ii, 161
Ghent, the Pacification of, ii, 273
Ghisebrecht, ii, 277
Gibbon criticises Caxton, ii, 127, 128
Giesebrecht, treatise of _De litterarum Studiis_, i, 226
Gildas, _Chronicles_ of, i, 55
Giovanni, Saint, the library of, in Naples, i, 146
Giraud, C., cited, i, 55
Gita, a scribe of Schwarzenthau, i, 54
Giunta, the family of, i, 248
----, Phillippo, i, 238
Glaber, Raoul, i, 56
Glanville, i, 308
Glastonbury, Chapel of, i, 106
Godo, purchases books in Rome, i, 227
_Golden Legend, The_, ii, 118
Gosselin, ii, 95
Goths, rule of, in Italy, i, 9
Gourmont, Giles, printer of Paris, ii, 10 _ff._; publications of, ii,
23
Gower, John, ii, 117, 126
Graevius, on the death of Louis Elzevir (the second), ii, 318
Grafton, printer, ii, 141
Greek, the knowledge of, in the tenth century, i, 127; books,
printing of, limited to a few publishers, i, 244; immigrants, as
instructors in Italy, i, 236; fonts of the _Imprimerie Royale_, ii,
58 _ff._; lecturers in University of Paris, ii, 23; literature,
brought to Europe through Arabian writers, i, 181; literature,
introduction of, into Italy, i, 236; literature, in Paris, ii, 10
_ff._; manuscripts brought from Constantinople to Italy, i, 235
Greek Press in Paris, history of the, ii, 10 _ff._
Greek scholars, relations of, with Venice and with Florence, i,
237; secure compensation in Italy for editorial work, i, 411; as
assistants to publishers, i, 416; in Paris, ii, 23
Greek texts, brought to Venice from the East, i, 411 _ff._; in the
University of Paris, ii, 22
Gregoriis, Gregorius de, ii, 354
Gregoropoulos, Greek proof-reader for Aldus, i, 421
Gregory I., Pope, writings of, i, 34, 35; charges against, i, 34;
opinion of, concerning the Scriptures and grammar, i, 121; as an
author, ii, 478
---- VII., utilises the work of monastic scribes, i, 81-82
---- XIII., ii, 262
---- of Tours, i, 56
Grein, _Anglo-Saxon Library_, by, i, 92
Grimani, the breviary of, i, 294
Grimlaïcus, the _Rule_ of, i, 123
Grimm, Siegmund, publisher for Hutten, ii, 229
Grolier de Servier, ii, 43
Groote, Gerhard, founds in Deventer a Brotherhood House, i, 88
Grotius, ii, 65, 304; the _Mare Liberum_ of, ii, 308
Grunenberg, Johann, publisher for Luther, ii, 222
Grüninger, Hans, of Strasburg, ii, 151, 165
Gruthuyse, of Bruges, a collector of manuscripts, i, 289; ii, 105
Guignes, de, ii, 60
Guild, of printers and publishers, in Milan, i, 450 _ff._; of S.
John in Bruges, ii, 106; of publishers and printers in Paris,
regulations of, ii, 453 _ff._; of printers and book-sellers in
Venice, ii, 364 _ff._; of the Venetian book-trade, organisation of,
ii, 395 _ff._; of the Venetian book-trade, close of the history of,
ii, 398; Hall, for the Venetian book-trade, ii, 395
Guiscard, Robert, i, 182
Guldemund, Hans, ii, 410
Gutenberg, i, 9, 349 _ff._; earlier operations of, i, 358; first
partnerships of, i, 358; lawsuits of, i, 358 _ff._; conditions of
the business of, i, 364; financial difficulties of, i, 364 _ff._;
fonts of type manufactured by, i, 365; early testimony concerning
the invention of, i, 380; ii, 17, 178
H
Hagen, quotes a rhyming record from a Hagenau manuscript, i, 285
Hagenau, early manuscript-trade of, i, 284; printing introduced into,
i, 284; relations of, with Heidelberg, i, 284 _ff._
Hahn, printer of Ingolstadt and of Rome, i, 406
Hallam, on Saumaise, ii, 315
Hamburg, manuscript-dealers of, i, 283; caution of the Senate of,
concerning dedications, ii, 434
Hans, the brothers, ii, 425
Hardy, Thomas Duffus, on the literary work of the British
monasteries, i, 102
Harlinde, Abbess, skilled as a scribe, i, 53
Harper, the House of, ii, 335
Harsy, Antoine de, ii, 94
Hatzlern, Clara, scribe of Augsburg, i, 41
Hauslik, history of the University of Prague, i, 278
Hedwig, Duchess of Suabia, teaches Greek to Abbot Burckhart, i, 126
Hegel, _Philosophy of History_ of, quoted, i, 367
Heidelberg, the library of, i, 85; books bought for the library of,
i, 232; book-trade in the University of, i, 279
Heilsbrunn, manuscripts from the monastery of, i, 280
Heinsius, Nicholas, ii, 298, 310, 313 _ff._, 317
Helgaud, i, 56
Hellenic Brothers, the, of St. Gall, i, 126
Henry II. of France, ii, 48, 56, 70; letters-patent of, i, 203
---- III., ii, 82 _ff._
---- IV., ii, 95 _ff._
---- VI. of England, death of, ii, 129; interest of, in printing in
England, ii, 135
---- VII., ii, 123
---- VIII., ii, 45, 141
Heresbach, ii, 41
Heresy, the Venetian Commissioners of, ii, 404
Herluca, corresponds with Diemude, i, 54
Hermonymus, a designer of type in Paris, ii, 10, 23
Herneis, publisher of Paris in the thirteenth century, i, 271
Herodotus, History of, ii, 73
Herrad of Landsberg, writings of, i, 52
Herrgott, Johann, ii, 249
Heynlin, ii, 5, 111
Higden, Ralph, the _Polychronicon_ of, i, 56, 307
Hilary, works of, edited by Erasmus, ii, 209
Hilda, Abbess of Whitby, i, 93
Hildesheim, the Brothers of, producers of books, i, 90
Hiltebrand, Johann, ii, 231
Hippocrates and Galen, described as the “Aristotles of Medicine,” i,
195; writings of, used as text-books, i, 195
Hochstraten, ii, 202
Hodgkin, Thomas, _Italy and her Invaders_, cited, i, 3 _ff._;
summarises the services of Cassiodorus, i, 23, 24
Hoeck, Adolph von, Prior of Scheda, i, 86
Holbein, Hans, ii, 10, 180, 181, 200
Holland, the increasing trade of, ii, 290 _ff._; book-trade of,
during the Thirty Years’ War, ii, 498
Hollybushe, John, ii, 142
Honoratus, Saint, founds Monastery of Lerin, i, 32
Honorius, opinion of, concerning the philosophers, i, 129
Hopyll, Wolffgang, printer of Paris, ii, 18
Horn, Conrad, _stadtschreiber_, sells books by contract, i, 288
Hroswitha, daughter of Duke of Saxony, i, 52
---- of Gandersheim, i, 37, 52; the _Chronicon Urspergense_ of, i,
87, 360; the dramas of, ii, 414, 420
Hubmayer, Balthasar, ii, 243
Hugh, Abbot of Flavigny, i, 57
Hugo of Trimberg, schoolmaster and book collector, i, 287
----, Cardinal, ii, 157
---- Bible, the, ii, 154, 157 _ff._, 167
Humanistic Movement, influence of the, on the production of printed
literature, i, 370 _ff._; the leaders of the, ii, 226
Humanists, the influence of the, in the German universities, i, 223;
ii, 172
Humery, Doctor Conrad, of Mayence, i, 292; co-operates with
Gutenberg, i, 361 _ff._
Hummelsburger, letter of, concerning Aldine editions, i, 436
Hungarians, destroy monasteries in the tenth century, i, 132
Hunt, Thomas, ii, 137
Huntington, Henry of, _Chronicles_, i, 56, 307
Huszner, George, i, 383
Hutten, Ulrich von, ii, 176, 182, 227, 239
---- and Luther, ii, 251
I
Ibo, Bishop of Chartres, treatise of, _De Rebus Ecclesiasticis_, i,
117
Idung, the _Dialogues_ of, i, 54
Illuminators, of manuscripts, i, 241
Illustrated publications, early editions of, issued in Nuremberg, i,
398
Imperial cities, special privileges of, concerning book production,
ii, 422 _ff._
Imperial Commission for the regulation of literature, ii, 421
Ina, King, i, 106
_Index Expurgatorius_ of Louvain, ii, 44
_Index_, the, of 1564, ii, 243
_Index_, the, and the book-trade, ii, 372 _ff._
_Index_, the, issued by the Council of Trent, ii, 375 _ff._
_Indexes_, the, of 1546, 1550, 1551, 1554, 1559, ii, 268 _ff._, 275
Ingolstadt, regulations of the University of, concerning text-books,
i, 281
Ingulphus, _Chronicles_ of, i, 56; record of, concerning the Abbey of
Peterborough, i, 132
Innocent IV., Pope, i, 183
Inquisition, the, and censorship, ii, 267; relations of, with the
printing-press, ii, 371
Iona, the monastery of, founded, i, 47, 90
Irnerius, jurist of Bologna, i, 183
Isidore, Bishop of Seville, writings of, i, 35; treatise of, on
elocution, i, 117
Italian literature, influence of, on Elizabethan authors, ii, 144
Italy, the monastic schools in, i, 118; monasteries in, destroyed
by the Saracens, i, 132; the printer-publishers of, i, 403 _ff._;
privileges and censorship in, ii, 343 _ff._; enactments concerning
literary property in, ii, 406
J
Jacob of Breslau, volumes written by, i, 86
Jacob, Saint, monastery of, in Liége, i, 114
James I., ii, 96 _ff._
Jehan, Jacques, grocer and book-seller, i, 274
Jenson, Nicholas, first printer in Venice, i, 407; operations of,
in Paris and in Mayence, i, 408; settles in Venice, i, 409; sells
printing plant to Torresano, i, 411; sent to Mayence by Charles
VII., ii, 2; 344
Jerome, Saint, writings of, i, 3, 23, 32; ii, 189; befriends S. Paula
and her daughter, i, 51; injunction of, concerning reading, i, 124;
complains of the untrustworthiness of the work of scribes, i, 229
Jews, forbidden to buy or sell manuscripts in the Italian
universities, i, 194; lend moneys to monasteries on pledges of
books, i, 231
Jewell, John, ii, 53
John, Bishop of Aleria, cites prices of early printed books, i, 375
----, King of France, buys stationery in England, i, 312
---- of Speyer, printer of Venice, i, 407 _ff._; secures a monopoly
for printing in Venice, i, 408
Jordæus, treatise on the Goths, i, 19
Junius, Hadrian, historian of Koster, i, 352
Jusserand, J. J., on the early literature of the Anglo-Saxons, i, 91;
_English Wayfaring Life_, by, cited, i, 302 _ff._
K
Kalle, Samuel, ii, 425
Kapp, on the selling of dedications, ii, 433
Karoch, instructor in Erfurt, i, 220
Kefer, Heinrich, ii, 150
Kennett, White, ii, 63
Kessler, Nicholas, of Basel, relations of, with Koberger, ii, 409
Kirchhoff, on the selling of dedications, ii, 434
Knight, Charles, _The Old Printer_ of, cited, i, 302 _ff._
Knittel, concerning the work of the _scriptorium_, cited, i, 65
Kobergers, the, of Nuremberg, ii, 149 _ff._; business of, interfered
with by the Reformation, ii, 163
Koberger, Anthoni, i, 384; the publications of, i, 397 _ff._; ii,
76, 149 _ff._; principal publications of, ii, 152, 154; commended
by Badius, Wimpfeling, Leontorius, and the Emperor Maximilian, ii,
155, 156; friendship of, with Amerbach, ii, 156; relations of, with
Celtes, Dürer, and Pirckheimer, ii, 156; editions of the Bible
printed by, ii, 157, 158; conservatism of, ii, 204; relations of,
to the system of privileges in Germany, ii, 409
----, Johannes, ii, 159
----, Melchior, relations of, with Luther, ii, 159
Koelhoff, Johann, printer of Cologne, i, 388
Koepke, _Otton. Studien_, cited, i, 36 _ff._
König, Conrad, agent for Luther’s books, ii, 231
Köpflin, ii, 245
Köster, Laurens, of Harlem, i, 349 _ff._; the statue of, ii, 298
Krantz, printer of Paris, ii, 5, 111
Kyrfoth, Carolus, ii, 137
L
LaCasa, Papal Nuncio, ii, 373
Lachner, ii, 179, 232
Landino, the writings of, i, 340
Lanfranc, i, 197
Langendorf of Basel prints piracy editions of Luther’s writings, i,
395
Large, Robert, ii, 102
Laskaris, Greek grammarian, i, 365; ii, 23
Latin, the language of literature for Europe, i, 318; ii, 503
LaTrappe, the Order of, i, 120
Lauber, Diebold, scribe and manuscript dealer in Hagenau, i, 284
_ff._; noteworthy manuscripts of, i, 289; rhyming advertisements
of, i, 289
Laurentium, the monastery of, in Liége, i, 87
Laurie, summarises the Christian conception of education, i, 120
Lavagna, printer of Milan, i, 408, 447
Law, Roman and canonical, the study of, in Bologna, i, 190
---- text-books required in Bologna and Montpellier, i, 194
Lay-clerics, functions of, i, 38
League, influence of the wars of the, on the supervision of the
Press, ii, 450
_Lectores_, the work of, i, 116
Leew, Gerard, ii, 134
LeFevre, (d’Estaples), ii, 19
LeGrand, Jaques, ii, 119
Leipzig, the earlier printers of, i, 399; ii, 29, 202; as a centre
for the distribution of printed books, i, 401; the book fair of,
ii, 303, 426; as a centre of book production, ii, 422 _ff._;
the literary commission of, ii, 423; caution of magistracy of,
concerning dedications, ii, 434
Leland, catalogue prepared by, of the abbatial libraries of England,
i, 102
Leo, Bishop of Ostia, i, 57
Leo X., Pope, sends emissaries to collect manuscripts, i, 301; the
literary interests of, i, 322; relations of, with the earlier
printers, i, 368; excommunicates Luther, ii, 225; Bull of, in
regard to the licencing of books, ii, 439
LeRoys, printer of Lyons, ii, 10
Lerin, monastery of, founded by Honoratus, i, 32
Leukardis, a scribe of Mallesdorf, i, 54
Lewis, a scribe of Wessobrunn, i, 75
Leyden, the University of, ii, 280 _ff._; as a publishing centre, ii,
286; the Press of University of, ii, 297; the University in its
relations with publishing, ii, 336
Liaupold, Brother, i, 39, 54
_Libraires jurés_, regulations concerning the, i, 207 _ff._; of
Paris, ii, 365
_Librairie_, origin of the term, i, 189
_Librariers Gild_ of Ghent and of Brussels, i, 290
Libraries of the monasteries, the, and their arrangements for the
exchange of books, i, 133 _ff._; of the manuscript period, i, 146
_ff._
_Librarii_, i, 10; of Paris, regulations concerning, i, 260 _ff._; of
Paris in the 15th century, i, 269 _ff._
Ligugé, monastery of, founded, i, 32
Linacre, Sir Thomas, ii, 194
Lincoln, manuscript-dealers of, i, 312
Lioba, Saint, a pupil of S. Boniface, organises schools in North
Germany, i, 51
Lipsius, ii, 281, 284
Listrius, Gerard, ii, 200
_Litera Romana_, i, 67
Literary property, in England, beginnings of, ii, 464 _ff._;
development of the conception of, ii, 477 _ff._; diverse theories
concerning, ii, 507 _ff._; in Italy, enactments concerning, ii, 406
Literature, beginnings of property in, ii, 343 _ff._
Locke, on the death of Daniel Elzevir, ii, 319
Longarard, the unintelligible writings of, i, 45
Longinus, Vincenzo, relations of, with Aldus, i, 435
Lotter, printer of Leipzig, i, 400 _ff._ Melchior, first printer of
Wittenberg, i, 401; ii, 230 _ff._; 430
Louis the Débonnaire, i, 97
---- IX., pays for transcribing an Encyclopædia, i, 230
---- XI., borrows books from the University of Paris, i, 136; lays
claim to the estate of a publisher, i, 270; in 1474, pledges silver
for the loan of a manuscript, i, 299; a collector of books, ii, 4;
recognises the library of the Louvre, ii, 4; intervenes for the
protection of Schöffer, ii, 8; institutes the Parliament of Paris,
ii, 441
---- XII., edict of, in behalf of booksellers, ii, 6; interest of, in
printing, ii, 6; toleration of, for heretical literature, ii, 6
---- XIV., ii, 318; relations of, to literature, ii, 458 _ff._
Louvain, _Index Expurgatorius_ of, ii, 44; the University of, ii,
258; theologians of, ii, 261; the _Indexes_ of, ii, 268 _ff._; the
University of, in its relations to censorship, ii, 373
Lowell, on Socinians, ii, 53
Lübeck, book sales in the churches of, i, 283
Lucca, early printers of, i, 455
Luden, concerning the printing-press of Germany, ii, 427
Lufft, Hans, claims copyright in Luther’s Bible, ii, 235
Lupus, Abbot, orders transcripts prepared in York, i, 229
Luther, complaints of, concerning the piracy editions of his works,
i, 402; ii, 408; heresies of, condemned at the Council of Sens, ii,
22, 26, 45; relations of, with the Kobergers, ii, 159; Froben’s
edition of the writings of, ii, 190 _ff._; as an author, ii, 216
_ff._; the published writings of, ii, 219 _ff._; completes his
version of the New Testament, ii, 225; Catechism of, printed in
Slovenic, ii, 230; compensation paid to, for his literary work, ii,
232; letter of, to Lang, ii, 245; and the war of the peasants, ii,
250; and von Hutten, ii, 251; the _Table-talk_ of, ii, 429; on the
compensation of authors, ii, 431
Lutheran tracts printed in out-of-the-way places, ii, 248
Luxeuil, the monastery of, founded, i, 47
Lydgate, John, ii, 116 _ff._
Lyons, early printers of, ii, 8 _ff._; a publishing centre for light
literature, ii, 9 _ff._; printers of, “appropriate” the productions
of Paris and other cities, ii, 9, 495; publishing activities of,
ii, 93
M
Mabillon, Jean, treatise of, on monastic studies, i, 120; work of, in
behalf of the Benedictines, i, 122, 123; literary journeys of, i,
123; on the prices of books during the Middle Ages, i, 135
Machiavelli, _The Prince_ of, ii, 202
Madan’s _Early Oxford Press_, ii, 134
Magdeburg, as a publishing centre, ii, 229, 248
_Magdeburg Centuries_, ii, 97
Maintenon, Madame de, relations of, to ecclesiastical censorship, ii,
461
Maitland, _The Dark Ages_, cited, i, 31 _ff._; opinion of, concerning
palimpsests, i, 72; describes the arrangements of the _scriptoria_,
i, 75; on the book production of the Middle Ages, i, 77, 78;
calculation of, concerning the speed of the work of the scribes, i,
98; criticises Robinson’s description of the Church in the Middle
Ages, i, 117; points out the inaccuracies of Milner, i, 130; on the
prices of books in the Middle Ages, i, 135; analyses the value of
MSS., i, 137
Maittaire, Bibliography of, ii, 22, 25 _ff._, 40
Makkari, historian of the Mohammedan dynasties, i, 255
Malmesbury, William of, The _Chronicles_ of, i, 56; writes life of
Aldhelm, i, 97; his account of the chapel at Glastonbury, i, 106;
collector of books, i, 307
Malory, Sir Thomas, ii, 118, 126
Manenti of Urbino, copyright secured by, ii, 348
Mansfield, Lord, ii, 473
Mansion, Colart, or Colard, _escripvain_ and printer, i, 289; ii, 102
_ff._
Manuscript, the earliest existing example of monastic scribe-work, i,
34
Manuscripts, trade in, in Bologna, i, 184; formalities connected
with the sale of, in Paris, i, 212; the trade in, carried on by
pedlars, grocers, and mercers, i, 232; production of, continued
after the invention of printing, i, 243; Moorish trade in, i, 254;
illuminated with the arms of noble families, i, 268; copyright in,
ii, 481 _ff._
Manuscript-dealers, the historians of the, i, 180; of Italy, i, 244
_ff._; of Germany, i, 276 _ff._; of Paris, i, 256 _ff._
Manuscript period in England, the i, 302 _ff._
Manuscript-trade, of the Brothers of Common Life, i, 291 _ff._; of
France, i, 255 _ff._; of Germany, i, 287, 291; of the Netherlands,
i, 290 _ff._; of London, in the 14th century, i, 312 _ff._
Manutius, Paul, inherits business of his father, i, 438; settles in
Rome, i, 440; letters of, to his son Aldus, i, 441; journeys to
Milan, i, 444; completes his commentaries on Cicero, i, 444; death
of, i, 445; coöperation of, with Plantin, ii, 264
Map, Walter, _De Nugis Curiatum_ of, i, 304
Margaret, Duchess of Burgundy, ii, 103, 122, 126
Margounios, Maximus, ii, 377
Marguerite de Valois, ii, 46