LAST YEARS
During the last years of her life, the Empress Frederick paid repeated
visits to England, where she had many attached friends.
She much enjoyed a visit to the Bishop of Ripon in 1895, when she was
able to study the wood carving in the cathedral, as well as Fountains
Abbey and other places of historical interest. It was characteristic of
her that only a few moments before she left Ripon, while she was
actually waiting for the carriage to take her to the station, she
exclaimed, "How much I should like to paint this view!" Drawing
materials and a paint-box were brought her; she sat down, and in a few
minutes produced a charming sketch of the cathedral amid fields and
trees.
As an artist the Empress was undoubtedly far more than a mere amateur,
especially in sculpture. It is said that on one occasion, having given a
commission to the famous German sculptor, Uphues, for a colossal statue
of the Emperor Frederick, she visited his studio one day when he was at
work on the clay model. This did not seem to her to promise a good
likeness, and she thereupon set to work on the clay herself, and in
about half an hour she quite transformed the model, so that when it was
carried out in marble it became universally recognised as the best
presentment in existence of the Emperor's features. Uphues also made a
bust of the Empress herself, which was set up in 1902 on the Kaiser
Friedrich Promenade at Homburg.
The Empress had first met the Boyd Carpenters in 1866, soon after the
death of Prince Sigismund. She happened to hear a sermon from the then
Canon Boyd Carpenter which brought her much comfort, and the
acquaintance then begun developed into warm friendship.
The Bishop had a great admiration for the Empress's sympathetic alacrity
of mind. "She had wide range," he writes, "and quick intellectual
sympathies; she understood a passing allusion; she followed the track of
thought; there were no irritating delays; there were no vacant
incoherences in an observation, which show that the thread has been
lost. She had read; she had thought; she had travelled; she had
observed; she had mixed with many of the foremost minds of the time; she
had taken practical part in many great and humane enterprises.
Consequently her range was large, and her mental equipment was well
furnished and ready for use. Conversation with her could never become
insipid."
The Empress always did everything she could to improve Anglo-German
relations, and the feeling aroused by the famous telegram which her son
sent to President Kruger in January, 1896, keenly distressed her. She
wrote to her old friend Sir Mountstuart Grant Duff:
"But even this most sad episode between our two countries has not shaken
my faith in our old opinions that there are many, many higher interests
in common, why we should get on together and be of use to each other in
helping on civilisation and progress. I trust that a good understanding
will outlive hatred and jealousy."
And again: "When I think of my father and of all his friends and of our
friends, it appears to me almost ludicrous that Germany and England
should be enemies."
In 1897 the Empress Frederick took part in the Diamond Jubilee, driving
in the procession with Princess Henry of Battenberg. The sight of the
two widowed sisters, who had put aside their grief to join in that great
day of national rejoicing, deeply touched many of the spectators. The
Empress herself wrote of this occasion in which she "gladly and
thankfully joined with proud heart":
"The weight of lonely, hidden grief often feels heaviest when all
surroundings are in such contrast. And yet the heart of man is so made
that many feelings find room in it together; so gratitude and
thankfulness mingle with memories so sad that they can never lose their
bitterness."
Madame Waddington, the wife of that old Rugby and Cambridge man who
filled with such distinction the post of French Ambassador in London,
has left a record of a conversation she had with the Empress in August,
1897. Madame Waddington, who was an American by birth, was struck by a
question the Empress asked her, namely, whether she did not find it
difficult to settle down in France after having lived ten years in
London--"the great centre of the world." Madame Waddington replied that
she was not at all to be pitied for living in Paris, that her son was a
Frenchman, and all his interests were in France. She adds: "Au fond,
notwithstanding all the years she has lived in Germany, the Empress is
absolutely English still in her heart."
They had some talk about Wagner, and Madame Waddington informed the
Empress that there was a difficulty as to the performance of _Die
Meistersinger_ at the Grand Opera owing to the fact that Frau Wagner
considered the choruses too difficult to translate or to sing with the
true spirit in any language but German. The Empress replied:
"She is quite right; it is one of the most difficult of Wagner's operas,
and essentially German in plot and structure. It scarcely bears
translation in English, and in French would be impossible;--neither is
the music in my mind at all suited to the French character. The mythical
legends of the Cycle would appeal more to the French, I think, than the
ordinary German life."
The Empress was a real connoisseur in music, of which she had a wide
knowledge, though her skill as a performer was considered to be inferior
to that of Queen Victoria.
Like her mother, the Empress Frederick was a great letter-writer. She
wrote in a mixture of German and English, choosing the most telling
expressions, and she was in constant communication with various
distinguished Englishmen for years. To them she sent long and very frank
letters about everything that interested her, especially foreign
politics.
As has been already indicated in this book, the Empress was in the habit
of showing far more clearly than most Royal personages allow themselves
to do, exactly what she felt about those whom she met even for the first
or second time. This found either an answering antagonism or a
reciprocal liking in those with whom she was brought in contact.
Many of the distinguished men whom she heartily admired speak of her,
and that in their most secret letters and diaries, with an admiration
approaching enthusiasm. But now and again comes a discordant note. Such
may be found in Mr. G. W. Smalley's _Anglo-American Memories_.
The old journalist describes her in a way which gives a far from
pleasant impression of the Empress towards the end of her life. He was
presented to her by the then Prince of Wales at Homburg, and the first
thing he noticed was that, though she was very like Queen Victoria, her
manner was less simple and therefore had less authority. He also
criticises her dress, and observes that both the late Queen and her
eldest daughter "showed an indifference to the art of personal
adornment."
Mr. Smalley admits that the Empress has a much greater vivacity than the
Queen, but he thinks that this vivacity becomes restless, and that her
mind can never be in repose. He says drily that, from her marriage and
down to the day of the Emperor Frederick's death, she had lived in a
dream-world of her own creation, her belief being so strong, her
conviction that she knew what was best for those about her so complete,
that the facts had to adjust themselves as best they could to that
belief and that conviction.
As was the Empress's way when a stranger, and especially a foreigner,
was presented to her, she at once began to talk of Mr. Smalley's country
and of what she supposed would interest him. Instead of allowing him to
say what he thought, she plunged directly into American topics,
especially commenting on what she supposed to be the position of women
in the United States. It soon became clear, or so he thought, that she
had a correspondent in Chicago from whom she had derived her
impressions. "She talked with clearness, with energy and almost
apostolic fervour, the voice penetrating rather than melodious."
Mr. Smalley said to himself that all that she asserted might be true of
Chicago, but of what else was it true? And he was evidently much nettled
that she generalised from the "Windy City" to the rest of the United
States.
Instead of seeing, as probably most women would have seen, that she was
speaking to an auditor who was fast becoming prejudiced, the Empress
continued to unburden herself in the frankest, freest way to this
journalist whom she had never met before. She even seems to have touched
on politics, on Anglo-German relations, on the internal affairs of
Germany:
"Never for a moment did this dreamer's talk stop or grow sluggish.
Carlyle summed up Macaulay in the phrase 'Flow on, thou shining river';
he might in a sardonic mood have done the same to this Princess."
It was an illuminating interview, declares Mr. Smalley, throwing light
on events to come as well as on those of the past, and he goes on to
explain that multitudes of Germans shared Bismarck's distrust of the
Crown Princess, and believed that she wanted to Anglicise Germany. He
reiterates what has so often been said--that she told all-comers that
what Germany needed was Parliamentary government as it was understood
and practised in England. In little things as in great she made no
secret for her preference for what was English over what was German:
"Judgment was not her strong point, nor was tact; if I am to say what
was her strong point, I suppose it would be sincerity. Her gifts of mind
were dazzling rather than sound; impulse was not always under control.
Her animosities once roused never slept, as Prince Bismarck well knew."
Seldom has a more prejudiced view of the Empress been given to the
world, but it is interesting as showing how she sometimes impressed
those who had been fascinated by the Bismarck legend when they were
brought into passing contact with her eager, enthusiastic mind.
To a fall from her horse at Cronberg in the autumn of 1898 may be traced
the beginning of that merciless disease which ultimately killed her.
It was a bad accident. The horse reared and the Empress fell on the
wrong side on her head with her feet under the horse and her habit still
clinging to the saddle. Her head was much bruised, and her right hand
was injured and trodden on by the horse. She was not at all frightened,
indeed she took it very calmly, observing:
"I have ridden for fifty years, and it is natural that an accident must
come sooner or later. But I shall ride to-morrow. I'm going to try and
paint and write some letters in spite of my hand."
But her injuries did not yield to treatment, and very soon began the
long martyrdom of pain which she bore for more than two years with the
same stoic fortitude which the Emperor Frederick had shown. The disease
was undoubtedly cancer, and it is suggested that it had been gathering
force for quite a number of years. However that may be, it was certainly
known in 1900 that a cure was impossible.
The most terrible feature of these last months was the severe pain which
seized her at intervals. It was characteristic, both of her courage and
of her kindly nature, that during these attacks she would not see even
the members of her family, to whom the sight of her sufferings would
have been so distressing. But in the intervals she occupied herself with
conversation, or one of her ladies would read aloud to her, and she even
painted a little. Her son, the Emperor, was constant in his attentions,
coming over almost daily from Homburg, but even he was only allowed to
remain with her a few minutes at a time.
Physically the patient had suffered a great change. Her cheeks, which
had been round and apparently in the bloom of health, gradually became
thin and sunken, and her face assumed that curious transparent paleness
which is the unmistakable sign of approaching death.
It is said that when the Empress received the news of Queen Victoria's
death, in January, 1901, she said to those about her: "I wish I were
dead too." But for more than six months longer she bore with
extraordinary fortitude the chronic suffering which the most able
physicians were unable to relieve. Her consideration for those around
her was constant. On one occasion, in a spasm of agony, she cried out
loudly and seized the nurse's hand; then at once apologised: "I am so
sorry, I am afraid I hurt you." The nurse said afterwards, "I have only
been with the Empress for a week, but already she has filled me with
higher ideals, and I am going back resolved to be a better nurse than
ever."
As long as it was possible, the Empress continued her painting and
drawing; and to the very end she was especially happy when she was able
to work with some practical object in view, such as the laying out of a
new rose-garden or suggesting alterations in architectural plans. Her
greatest pleasure--and she was intensely susceptible to happiness even
during the last six sad months--was a visit from her eldest brother.
When she was expecting King Edward, she supervised closely every little
arrangement made for his comfort and convenience, and while doing so she
would be wheeled in her bath-chair about the rooms he was to occupy.
She felt most deeply the attacks which were then being made in Germany
on England, and even on King Edward, at the time of the Boer War. An
article in the _Vossische Zeitung_, which observed that such attacks on
a constitutional Sovereign were unworthy of a great nation, gave her
much satisfaction.
King Edward paid his last visit to his sister at Cronberg in February,
1901. A contemporary chronicler notes that everything was arranged to
show that the visit was meant for the Empress Frederick and not for her
son. This was doubtless by the wish of the Emperor himself, for, though
he did all due honour to his uncle, meeting him at Frankfort and
conducting him across the lovely Taunus Valley, to the very door of
Friedrichshof, he took leave of King Edward at the threshold, so that
the brother and sister might be alone at their first meeting.
Among the last English visitors received by the Empress at Friedrichshof
were her old friends, the Boyd Carpenters. This was in May, 1901.
They found her on their arrival lying on a couch in her beautiful
garden, and the Bishop was struck by her likeness to Queen Victoria--a
likeness enhanced by the black dress and by the form of hat which she
wore. The Empress rejoiced in the spring and in the colour which was
spreading everywhere through her garden. She still took a practical
interest in everything concerning the beautiful home she had created.
The Bishop gives one instance: the great blue face of the clock, the
tower of which dominated Friedrichshof, needed re-painting. Before she
decided what exact tint should be used, she caused slips of paper giving
different shades of blue to be held up against the face of the clock.
Then she made up her mind.
Once, as they passed through the flower garden together, she quoted to
the Bishop the words, "The effectual prayer of a righteous man availeth
much." Another time, looking round at the beauty of the trees she had
planted, she said, "I feel like Moses on Pisgah, looking at the land of
promise which I must not enter."
When parting from Mrs. Boyd Carpenter, for whom she had a great regard,
the Empress gave her a bracelet of her own, one she had often worn and
with which she had affectionate associations.
To the Bishop she gave a seal which had belonged to Queen Victoria, and
which had been in the room when the Queen died. It commemorated a picnic
in Scotland, in which the Queen, the Prince Consort, and Princess Alice
had shared. The seal, mounted in silver and set in Aberdeen granite, was
a cairngorm found by Prince Albert and Princess Alice on that day.
The Bishop remained with her a moment at the very last, and she said to
him, "When I am gone I want you to read the English Burial Service over
me." And then she characteristically explained to him exactly what would
have to be done to make this possible. When the end came three months
later, thanks to the prompt acquiescence of the Emperor, his mother's
wishes were carried out.
The Empress became much worse at the beginning of August, and, by the
wish of her son, Canon Teignmouth-Shore was telegraphed for. He arrived
at Friedrichshof on August 5, and in the presence of the Emperor and the
Empress's daughters the Canon knelt down and offered some prayers from
the Office for the Visitation of the Sick. The whole sad scene, he says,
was quite over-powering and far too sacred for him to describe. "The
dying Empress was at first slightly conscious, and I could see a gentle
movement of her lips as we said the Lord's Prayer."
Towards six o'clock in the evening the Canon was again summoned to the
sick-room. "The sweet noble soul was just passing away. I said a few
prayers at the bedside, concluding with the first two verses of that
exquisite poem, 'Now the labourer's task is o'er.'"
A butterfly flew into the room and hovered for awhile over the dying
Empress, and when she had breathed her last it spread its wings and flew
out into the free air again.
The Emperor desired Canon Teignmouth-Shore to arrange with Dr. Boyd
Carpenter for a private funeral service to be held at Friedrichshof.
On the following Sunday the Canon preached a funeral sermon in the
English church at Homburg. In it he made a statement with regard to her
Majesty's religious views which deserves quotation:
"The religious conceptions which inspired and guided this life, alike in
its humblest and in its loftiest spheres of action, were, as I believe,
neither crude nor complex nor dogmatic; they were clear and simple and
broad--an absolute faith in the Fatherhood of God, and in the
Brotherhood and redeeming love of Him who died that we might live."
The Lutheran funeral service, which was held in the parish church of
Cronberg, was most impressive in its simplicity. At one point of the
service the Crown Prince and three of his young brothers rose from their
seats, and, having put on their helmets, drew their swords and took
their places at each corner of the coffin of their grandmother, where
they remained until the end of the service.
This old church, which, as we know, the Empress had herself restored,
dates back to the middle of the fifteenth century. On the organ, which
is of exquisite tone, Mendelssohn often played when he visited the
Taunus.
Perhaps the most touching of all the hundreds of wreaths sent for the
funeral was one of simple heather which had been made by the Emperor's
younger children. Attached to it was a sheet of black-edged paper on
which they had all written their names in large childish characters.
The Empress was buried beside her husband and her son Waldemar in the
Friedenskirche at Potsdam, and the sarcophagus over her tomb is by her
artist friend, Begas.
Of memorials to her, there is the bust at Homburg already mentioned. In
the English church at Homburg, where she attended divine service for
the first time after the death of her husband, is a memorial consisting
of four reliefs, placed in the spandrels of the arches in the aisle,
representing the four Evangelists. A striking statue of the Empress in
coronation robes by Gerth was unveiled by the Emperor William in
October, 1903. It is opposite the statue of her husband in the open
space outside the Brandenburg gate at Berlin.
So lived, and so died, this most gifted and generous lady, who was
rendered illustrious, not by the symbols of her Imperial station, but by
her many winning qualities of heart and intellect.
We cannot do better than quote in conclusion from the remarkable
tributes which were paid to her memory by the late Lord Salisbury and
the late Lord Spencer.
Lord Salisbury, who was then Prime Minister, in moving an address of
condolence with King Edward in the House of Lords, summed up in masterly
fashion both the beauty and the tragedy of the Empress's life:
"When the then Princess Royal left these shores, there was no person,
either of contemporary experience or in history, before whom a brighter
prospect extended itself in life, and all that could make it desirable
spread itself before her. She had a devoted husband, himself one of the
noblest characters of his generation, who probably centred in himself
more admiration than any man in his rank or in any rank. She had every
prospect of becoming the Consort of the Emperor--an absolute
emperor--of the greatest of the Continental Powers. She had every hope
that she would share fully in his illustrious position, and in no small
degree in the powers that he wielded. This was before her for nearly
thirty years, and in that time she had all the enjoyments which were
derived from her own great abilities, her own splendid artistic talents,
and from the powers which she exercised over the artistic, æsthetic, and
intellectual life of Germany. She occupied an unexampled position. Then
suddenly came the blow, first on her husband and then on herself. By
that fell disease--which probably is the most formidable of all to which
flesh is heir--her dream of happiness, of usefulness, and glory was
suddenly cut short. The blow, in striking her husband, struck herself in
even greater degree; and she felt--she could not but feel--how deeply
she shared in all the disappointments, all the sufferings, that attached
themselves to his history. When he had been Emperor only a few weeks, he
died, and then she spent her life in retirement. Her health failed, and
she, too, fell under the same blow, passing through years of suffering,
with the sympathy of all connected with her and all those who knew her.
She was deeply valued in this country by those who knew her, and they
were very many. She had an artistic and intellectual charm of no common
order; she spread her power over all who came within her reach; and her
gradual disappearance from the scene was watched with the deepest
sorrow and sympathy by numbers in her own country and in this."
The motion was seconded on behalf of the Opposition by Lord Spencer,
who, it will be remembered, was a near kinsman of that Lady Lyttelton to
whom was entrusted the charge of the Empress's early childhood:
"Her Imperial Majesty had no ordinary character. Brought up with the
greatest care and solicitude by her Royal and devoted parents, she early
and ever afterwards showed the highest accomplishments, not only in art
but in literature. She was herself an artist of no small merit, and her
power of criticism and influence in art was even of a higher order. In
this age, which had been so remarkable for the enormous number of
persons who have joined in endeavours to alleviate the sufferings of the
human race, whether in peace or in war, I venture to think that no one
stands in a higher position than the Empress Frederick of Germany.
During those wars, in which her illustrious husband played such a
splendid part, she exerted herself to do all she could to alleviate the
sufferings of the wounded, and she had ever in peace used her endeavours
to promote the same objects among the suffering poor of her country. No
one, I am sure, will be remembered in the future with more affection and
devotion on this account than her Majesty. She was always sympathetic
and energetic with regard to other matters. There was nothing which
stirred her sympathies or energies more than the education and
improvement of her own sex. She did much in this respect in her adopted
country; but we cannot consider her life without remembering the
beautiful simplicity and earnestness of it. She was devoted to duty, and
although she suffered intensely during her life when her noble husband
was afflicted with the terrible disease which took him off, and during
the sad years in which the same malady afflicted her, she always showed
a patient endurance which will remain an example for all mankind. I
cannot but refer to her great charm in private as well as in public
life. It so happened that very early in my life, before she was married,
she honoured me with her acquaintance. It was only on rare occasions I
had the privilege of continuing that acquaintance, but I have from time
to time within the last few years seen her Majesty, and I shall always
recall, as one of the most delightful recollections of my life, the
charm and influence of her conversation."
INDEX
Abeken, Herr, 243
Aberdeen, Lord, 48
Adelaide, Queen Dowager, 3, 28
Albert, Prince, 1, 2, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9;
his children's affection, 11, 12, 209;
Exhibition of 1851, 16, 17;
view of German politics, 26, 27, 37, 38, 46, 47, 53, 113, 122, 124-131, 136, 138, 139, 162, 165, 166;
training of the Princess Royal, 32-35;
her betrothal, 36-38, 41, 45-50;
and marriage, 60-68;
letters to his daughter, 71, 72, 74-76, 80, 81, 87-89, 103, 105-107, 113, 114, 115, 117, 118, 124, 127-132, 135, 138, 148;
visits to his daughter, 119, 122;
acquaintance with Morier, 155;
first meeting with Bismarck, 162;
theory of monarchy, 127-130;
narrow escape, 120;
death, 149-151, 153
Alcott, Miss, 14
Alexander of Bulgaria, Prince, 310, 313
Alexander I, the Tsar; Alexander II, 22, 263, 267, 278
Alexandra, Queen, 108, 109, 177, 263
Alice, Princess (Grand Duchess of Hesse), 4, 6, 11, 12, 48, 60, 62, 106, 116, 131;
wedding, 154, 197, 205, 212, 214, 222, 223, 233, 236, 237;
death, 273, 323, 324
Althorp, Lord, 6, 8
Ampthill, Lord and Lady, 252, 284, 285, 286, 338
Anderson, Mrs., 50
Angeli, Von, 251, 256, 264
Arnold, Matthew, 281-284
Augusta, German Empress, 17, 19, 25, 27, 39, 60, 77, 78, 154, 156, 157, 185, 214, 228, 230, 233, 246, 267, 305;
death, 326, 327, 328, 353
Augustenburg, Duke Christian of Sonderburg-, 179
Augustenburg, Hereditary Prince Frederick of Sonderburg-, 180-183, 210, 211, 275
Austria, Emperor Francis Joseph, 174, 197, 211, 280
Babelsberg, 90, 92, 96, 109, 110
Bacourt, Monsieur de, 78
Baden, Prince Regent of, 38
Ballardin, M., 306
Barclay & Perkins's draymen, 68
Battenberg marriage, the, 306, 309, 312
Bavaria, King of, 228, 241
Bazaine, Marshal, 228, 241, 317
Beatrice, Princess (Princess Henry of Battenberg), 118, 356
Begas, 251
Benedek, 218
Benedetti, 230
Bergmann, Prof., 289
Bernhard of Saxe-Meiningen, Prince, 266, 267
Bernhardi, Theodor von, 157, 188
Bismarck, Prince, opinion of the English marriage, 39;
relations with Crown Princess, 152, 153, 162-167, 256, 258, 275, 285, 286;
relations with Morier, 157, 207;
accession to office, 159, 166;
Dantzig incident, 168, 169;
relations with Crown Prince, 175, 285, 286;
policy on Scheswig-Holstein question, 182, 185, 210-211;
attitude to royal personages, 210;
Austrian war, 210-212, 217-221;
visit to Paris, 223;
at a royal christening, 228;
Franco-German war, 228-230, 239-240, 245, 248;
the Imperial Dignity, 241, 242, 255;
"British petticoats," 256-258;
and Hinzpeter, 261, 267;
and the Regency of the Crown Prince, 267-271, 283, 284;
and the Crown Prince's illness, 289, 290;
relations with the Emperor and Empress Frederick, 302-307, 308-312, 313-319, 321-326, 353, 360, 361;
fall, 327, 328
Bleibtreu, 251
Bloomfield, Lady, 39,
and Lord, 74, 136
Blumenthal, Field-Marshal, 217
Bornstedt, country life at, 111
Bötticher, 303
Bouguereau, M., 333
Boyd Carpenter, Bishop, 66, 353, 354, 364, 365
Brühl, Countess Hedwig, 189
Brunnemann, Privy Councillor, 97
Brunnow, 87
Buccleuch, Duke of, 66
Buchanan, Mr., 45
Bucher, 238, 266
Bunsen, Baron, 27, 152
Bunsen, Mme., 25
Busch, 238, 266, 275, 306, 308, 319
Canning, Lord, 47
Carlyle, 110, 160, 360
Charles Anthony of Hohenzollern, Prince, 97
Charles of Prussia, Prince, 279, 280
Charles of Prussia, Princess, 79
Charles of Roumania, Prince and Princess, 214, 265, 277
Charlier, Mme., 10
Charlotte, Princess, 1
Charlotte, Princess (daughter of the Empress), 117, 265-267, 277
Christian IX of Denmark, King, 180, 188
Churchill, Lord Randolph, 272
Clarendon, Lord, 30, 34, 42, 93, 125, 143, 144, 145, 147, 156, 252
Cobden, 45, 69
Coburgers, the, 174, 185
Colenso, Bishop, 200
Connaught, Duke of, 106, 267
Consort, Prince. _See_ Albert, Prince
"Court Circular," official, 8
Craven, Mrs. Augustus, 302
Craven, Mrs. Dacre, 249
Dantzig incident, the, 167-170
Darwin, Charles, 199
Delane, John, 147
Delbrück, Prof., 274
De Ros, Captan, 103
Déroulède, Paul, 337
Detaille, M., 333
_Deutsche Revue_, 352
_Deutsche Rundschau_, 316
Devonshire, Louise Duchess of, 95
Dino, Duchesse de, 78
Droysen, J. G., 34
Duff, Sir M. E. Grant, 356
Duncker, Frau, 158
Duncker, Herr Max, 136, 153, 158, 182, 184, 186
Edinburgh, Duke of, 63, 64, 69, 263
Edward VII, King, 6, 12, 14, 19, 20, 62-64, 69, 106, 109, 149, 159, 177, 260, 263, 280, 330, 344, 358, 363, 364
Eliot, George, 273
Elizabeth, Landgravine, the, 329, 351
Elizabeth of Prussia, Queen, 134, 135
Ernest of Hanover, King, 73
Ernest of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, Duke, 3, 38, 41, 85, 174, 307, 322
Eugénie, Empress, 19, 20, 43, 44, 193, 222
Exhibition, of 1851, 15, 16, 17;
of 1862, 154;
of 1867 (Paris), 222
Faraday, 92
Faucit, Helen, 61
Fitzmayer, Colonel, 45
Frankfort Congress, 174
Frederick Charles of Hesse, Prince, 247
Frederick Charles of Prussia, Prince, 186, 217
Frederick, Grand Duke of Baden, 181
Frederick, Prince of Netherlands, 266
Frederick, the Emperor--
As Prince Frederick William of Prussia--
First visit to England, 15-18, 25;
betrothal, 29-32, 39, 43;
visits England again, 51;
marriage, 61-70;
admiration of England, 85;
pride in his eldest son, 102, 103, 107, 108;
New Palace at Potsdam, 109-111;
country life at Bornstedt, 111, 112;
military promotions, 112, 116, 166;
hope of the Junkers, 116
As Crown Prince--
Death of King Frederick William IV, 133-135;
his father's coronation, 139-146;
death of his father-in-law, 149-152;
visits to England, 154, 175, 292, 293;
to Italy, 159, 224, 287;
to the East, 225;
to Paris, 225;
the Dantzig incident, 167-169;
relations with Bismarck, 167, 173, 175, 182, 210, 211, 219-222, 239, 248, 268-272, 285, 286;
admiration of England, 171;
Schleswig-Holstein question, 180-183;
in the Danish War, 184-188;
hatred of war, 186, 221, 236;
work for soldiers and their families, 186, 222, 235, 240;
family life, 188-197, 207-209, 256;
the Austrian War, 213-215, 217-221;
freemasonry, 106, 266;
the Franco-German War, 229, 235-240;
the Imperial Dignity, 242, 243;
regency, 267-271;
illnesses, 255, 287-298;
silver wedding, 279-282
As Emperor--
Accession, 299, 300;
journey to Berlin, 300;
State business, 301-302;
relations with Bismarck, 302-305, 309-314;
monetary position, 306-308;
death, 314;
Freytag's reminiscences, 321-325
Frederick, the Empress, Physical descriptions of, 58, 59, 160, 161, 362
As Princess Royal--
Birth, 1, 2;
christening, 3, 4;
education and childhood, 6-20;
first meeting with her husband, 15-19;
visit to Paris, 19, 20;
betrothal, 29-31;
training by her father, 33-35;
confirmation, 47-49;
an accident, 50;
marriage, 58-70;
arrival in Berlin, 74;
reception, 75-83;
the Old Schloss, 83, 84;
influence of and on her husband, 85;
conditions at the Prussian Court, 86;
Babelsberg, 90;
social preferences, 91, 92;
visits of her parents, 92-97;
new residence in Berlin, 98-99;
birth of Prince William, 100-114;
New Palace at Potsdam, 109-111;
country life at Bornstedt, 111, 112;
birth of Princess Charlotte, 116, 117;
interest in politics, 86, 87, 98;
paper on ministerial responsibility, 126, 127;
nursery management, 123
As Crown Princess--
Description of death of King of Prussia, 133-135;
anniversary of marriage, 136;
coronation of her father-in-law, description, 139-147;
colonel of Hussar Regiment, 146, 198, 265;
political views, 148, 157, 158, 175, 185, 187, 223, 284;
death of her father 149-153;
relations with Bismarck, 152, 162-165, 166, 169-172, 184, 185, 211, 212, 238, 239, 266, 267, 275, 285, 286;
love of England, 188;
visits to England, 153, 154, 158, 175, 267, 272, 273, 292, 293;
love of France, 245, 246;
birth of Prince Henry, 155;
position in Prussia, 155, 156;
relations with her husband, 157-159, 168, 169-172, 196, 197, 258, 270;
visits to Italy, 159, 275, 276;
favourite newspapers, 173;
patriotism, 165, 175, 184, 185, 238, 239, 244, 267;
popularity, 173, 198, 247;
Schleswig-Holstein question, 178-182;
work for army and other nursing, 187, 233-235, 248, 249;
family life, 188-197, 207-209, 224, 225, 255, 256;
artistic tastes, 188-190, 192, 193, 251, 252, 256, 264, 277, 278, 280;
musical tastes, 189, 190, 191, 192, 195, 198;
literary tastes, 189, 190, 192, 195, 199;
as botanist, 190;
interest in science, 251;
pistol-shooting, 190;
education of children, 194, 195, 208, 209, 259-261;
social preferences, 198, 199, 251, 252, 253, 273;
religious position, 199, 204, 253, 278;
art and industry, 205, 206, 223;
bereavements, 214, 216, 273, 274, 275;
work for soldiers and their families, 222, 231, 233, 234, 235;
visits to Paris, 226, 281;
work for education, 253-255, 280, 283, 293;
visit to Russia, 263;
affection for the old Emperor, 286;
her husband's last illness, 287-298
As Empress, 299-314;
relations with Bismarck, 303-305;
influence over her husband, 303, 307, 308, 309-313;
the Battenberg marriage, 309-313;
her first and last Court, 313;
death of the Emperor, 314
As Dowager Empress--
Relations with Bismarck, 315-318, 322, 323, 353, 361;
relations with her son, the Emperor William II, 315-318, 329, 332;
comparison with him, 318-321;
planning of Frederickshof, 329-332;
life there, 340-366;
patriotism, 323, 324, 356, 357;
visit to Paris, 332-337;
death of Empress Augusta, 326, 327, 332;
the anonymous letter scandal, 338, 339;
collections, 341-343;
reading, 343, 344;
gardening, 344, 345;
restoration work, 345, 346;
personal tastes, 346-348;
philanthropy, 348;
character sketches, 348-350, 354, 358-361;
views on royal biography, 352, 353;
visits to England, 354;
artistic tastes, 354, 355;
musical tastes, 357, 358;
religious position, 352, 353, 366, 367;
last illness, 361-365;
death and funeral, 366-368;
tributes in the House of Lords, 368-371
Frederick the Great, King of Prussia, 79, 109, 110, 192, 228, 262, 341
Frederick VII of Denmark, King, 176, 179
Frederick William III, King of Prussia, 57, 83, 98, 166, 192
Frederick William IV, King of Prussia, 18, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 36, 38, 55, 74, 83, 92, 93, 97, 98;
death, 133-135;
political testament, 141-143, 157, 192, 282, 319, 329, 352
Freemasonry, 106, 266
Freytag, 121, 166, 236, 321, 325
Friedberg, Dr., 271
Froude, 160, 273
Galliera, Duchess of, 330
Garter, Order of the, 67
Geffcken, Dr., 170, 316
Geibel, 192
George of Hanover, King, 220, 221
Gerhardt, 289
Gerlach, General, 28, 29, 39
Germany in 1858, 53-57
Gerth, sculptor, 368
Gloucester, Duchess of, 3, 110
Godet, Pastor, 51, 151, 297
Goethe, 77, 189, 192
Gontaut Biron, M. de, 245, 246
Gontaut, Duchesse de, 246
Goschen, Mr. (afterwards Lord), 272
Gotha, Dowager Duchess of Saxe-Coburg and, 4, 52, 113
Gower, Lord Ronald, 192, 193, 228
Granville, Lord, 22, 47, 93, 144, 174, 227, 230, 257, 285, 293
_Grenzboten_, 190
Hardenburg, 55
Hagen, Prof., 251
Heine, 192
Henry of Prussia, Prince, 156, 209, 259, 260, 261, 266, 275, 277, 288, 313
Hertel, painter, 264
Hildyard, Miss, 50
Hintze, Prof., 141, 142
Hinzpeter, Dr., 123, 207, 261
Hobbs, Mrs., nurse, 121, 122
Hodel, 267, 270
Hoffmann, 92, 251, 283
Hohenlohe, Prince, 237, 253, 268, 278, 281, 282, 302, 304, 310, 311, 328
Hohenlohe-Langenburg, Princess of, 60, 75
Howard, Cardinal, 276
Humbert, Prince (afterwards King of Italy), 224, 287, 300
Huxley, 199
Ihne, Herr, 331
Irene of Hesse, Princess, 288, 309, 313
Keeley, Mr. and Mrs., 61
Kent, Duchess of, 4, 20, 52, 63, 122;
death of, 137
Kinglake, 273
Kohn, Baron, 307
_Kreutz Zeitung_, 130
Kruger, President, 356
Lees, Miss, 249
Leiningen, Prince, 52
Leo XIII, Pope, 271
Leopold I, King of the Belgians, 3, 30, 43, 47, 48, 49, 60, 63, 64, 102, 103, 149, 307
Leopold, Prince of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen, 227
Letze, Fraulein, 254
Loftus, Lord Augustus, 229, 230
Louis, Prince (Grand Duke of Hesse), 117, 131, 154, 213, 222, 225, 237
Louis of Battenberg, Prince, 310
Louise, Queen of Prussia, 38, 62, 74, 98, 142, 192
Louise of Prussia, Princess (Grand Duchess of Baden), 15, 16, 38, 39, 122
Lutteroth, painter, 264
Lyell, Sir Charles, 199, 200
Lyons, Lord, 281
Lyttelton, Sarah, Lady, 6-14, 17, 65, 114, 370
Lytton, Lord and Lady, 333
Macaulay, 360
Macdonald incident, the, 119-121, 124, 137, 138
Macdonell, Lady, 215
Mackenzie, Sir Morell, 291, 294, 300
Magdeburg Cathedral, 73
Malakoff, Duke of, 87
Malet, Sir Edward, 312
Malmesbury, Lord, 93
Manchester, Duchess of (Louise), 95
Manteuffel, Baron, 54, 56, 94, 97, 282
Margaret, Princess (daughter of the Empress), 247, 332
Margherita, Queen of Italy, 247, 287
Marie of Roumania, Princess, 216
Martin, Dr., 100
Martin, Sir Theodore, 26, 46, 94, 126
Mary of Cambridge, Princess (Duchess of Teck), 48, 68, 153
Mecklenburg, Grand Duchess of, 108
Melbourne, Lord, 3, 7, 23
Millet, J. F., 14
Monarchy in England, 2
Moltke, 43, 51, 238, 256
Morier, Sir Robert, 155, 156, 157, 167, 168, 172, 206, 207, 317
Motley, J. L., 160, 161
Moustier, 87
Napier of Magdala, Lord, 295
Napoleon, Emperor of the French, 19, 31, 42, 166, 222, 225, 230, 231, 295
_National-zeitung_, 173
Neale, Countess Pauline, 79
Nightingale, Florence, 19, 187, 249
Nippold, Prof., 327, 348-353
Nobeling, 267, 270, 272
"Old" Royal Family, the, 1, 23, 63
Ollivier, M., 226
Oscar, painter, 251
Paget, Sir Augustus, 58, 108
Paget, Walpurga Lady, 58, 108, 276
Palmerston, Lord, 30, 47, 63, 120, 137, 147, 177, 184
Perry, Mr., 18, 32
Phelps, the actor, 61
Playfair, Dr. Lyon, 273
Ponsonby, Mrs., 273
Poschinger, Margaretha von, 255
Putbus, Prince, 238
Putlitz, Frau, 207-209
Putlitz, Gustav, 102, 188, 196
Puttkamer incident, the, 313
Radziwill, Princess Elise, 16
Raglan, Lord, 103-105
Ranke, Prof., 353
Redern, Count, 283
Regnault, Henri, 334, 335
Reinhold, sculptor, 251
Reiss, Mr., 331
Renan, 200, 336
Ripon, Lord and Lady, 273
Roggenbach, Baron, 316
Roon, Von, 240
Rumbold, Sir Horace, 317
Russell, Lord Arthur, 337
Russell, Lord John, 3, 120
Russell, Lord Odo. _See_ Ampthill
Russell, Sir. W. H., 228
Salisbury, Lord and Lady, 267, 269, 368
_Saturday Review_, 124
Saxe-Meiningen, Hereditary Princess of, 117
Saxony, King of, 241
Schellbach, Prof., 91
Schleinitz, Baron, 124, 138
Schleswig-Holstein Duchies, 137;
history of, 177-181;
the war, 183-188
Seckendorff, Count, 295
Sigismund, Prince (Son of the Emperor Frederick), 196, 205, 209, 214-216, 224, 225, 355
Smalley, G. W., journalist, 358, 360, 361
Sophia, Princess (afterwards Queen of the Hellenes), 227, 228, 245
Spencer, Lord, 370
Stanley, Dean, 341
Stanley of Alderley, Lord, 174
Steibel, Dr., 331
Stein, 55, 56
Stockmar, Baron, 1, 10, 30, 32, 33, 72, 81-82, 88, 94, 95, 97, 101, 108, 113, 122, 126, 135, 137, 152, 156
Stockmar, Baron Ernest, 72, 156, 159, 169, 170
Stolberg, Prince, 307
Story, Mr., 276
Strauss, 200
Sumner, Archbishop, 47
Sussex, Duke of, 3
Teignmouth-Shore, Canon, 365, 366
Tenniel, Sir John, 327
_Times, The_, 36, 69, 70, 123, 124, 138, 147, 169, 170, 173, 230
Titian, 264
Thiers, 245
Thomas, G. H., 143
Thürr, General, 231
Uphues, sculptor, 354, 355
Victoria of Hesse, Princess, 309
Victoria, Princess, daughter of Empress Frederick, 213, 214, 309-312, 332
Victoria, Princess of Schleswig-Holstein-Augustenburg, 277
Victoria, Queen, 1, 2, 3;
education of her children, 4-6, 8, 10;
Exhibition of 1851, 16, 17;
marriages of her children, 24, 25;
Princess Royal's betrothal, 29-31, 36, 37, 39, 42-44, 46-49;
a caricature, 28;
birth of first grandchild, 100-103;
sees him for first time, 121-123;
description of the New Palace, 109;
birth of Princess Charlotte, 116, 117;
death of Prince Consort, 149-151;
relations with Morier, 172, 207;
relations with Bismarck, 184, 185, 311, 312;
attitude in Danish War, 177, 184, 185;
Austrian War, 213;
Franco-German War, 229, 230, 231;
intervention on behalf of France, 256, 257;
visit to the Emperor Frederick, 311, 312;
the Battenberg marriage, 310, 311;
death, 362
Virchow, Prof., 292
_Volkszeitung_, 173
_Vossische Zeitung_, 363
Wace, poet, 12
Waddington, M., 337, 356, 357
Waddington, Mme., 356, 357
Wagener, 289
Wagner, 357
Waldemar, Prince (son of Empress Frederick), 224, 274, 341
Walewski, 87
Wangenheim, von, 87
Wellington, Duke of, 3
Werner, Anton von, painter, 251, 264
Westmorland, Priscilla Lady, 107
Wilberforce, Bishop, 47
Wilberg, painter, 264
William I, German Emperor; as Prince of Prussia, 16, 17, 25, 26, 37, 39, 60, 65, 93;
regency, 97, 98, 102, 115, 116, 201;
succession as King William I, 133, 134, 137;
coronation, 139-141, 143, 147, 148, 157, 165, 166-169, 171, 172, 182, 183, 211, 218-220, 223;
Emperor, 227, 228, 230, 234, 235, 241-243, 256, 257;
attempted assassinations, 267-272;
failing health, 285-288, 294;
death, 297, 298, 306, 307;
character, 319, 320, 353
William II, German Emperor, birth and christening, 100-107;
and Queen Victoria, 121-123, 141, 142, 194, 195, 207, 208, 209;
education, 259-262, 265, 266;
betrothal and marriage, 277;
accession, 315-318;
comparison with his mother, 318-321;
relations with his mother, 329, 332, 356, 364, 365
Wittenberg, 73
Wodehouse, Lady, 22
Wrangel, Field-Marshal von, 73, 79, 94, 96, 100, 183, 228
Würtemberg, King of, 228
* * * * *
Typographical errors corrected by the etext transcriber:
two shy to talk=> too shy to talk {pg 66}
indeed Crown Princess was much distressed=> indeed the Crown Princess
was much distressed {pg 229}
au troisiéme=> au troisième {pg 273}
Kaiser Freidrich Wilhelm IV=> Kaiser Friedrich Wilhelm IV {pg 352}
life of Freidrich Wilhelm IV=> life of Friedrich Wilhelm IV {pg 353}
Mendelsshon often played=> Mendelssohn often played {pg 367}
coronation of her fatther-in-law, description, 139-147;=> coronation of
her father-in-law, description, 139-147; {pg 375}
Redern, Count, 383=> Redern, Count, 283
End of Project Gutenberg's The Empress Frederick; a memoir, by Anonymous