volume of water to be provided by, if raised to full height, 114
Atbara, Battle of the, 168, 176
Atbara River:
basin irrigation on, suggested, 236
disappearance of, 6, 10
flood-water on, date of, 8
intercepting of, suggested, 133
junction of, with Nile, 5
railway to cross, project of, 230
soil in district of, 189
Austrian R.C. Mission, 223
Azande (Niam-Niams), 145, 194
Baadi, King, 140, 141
Babu class non-existent, 224
Baggara tribes, 190
Bahr el Gebel. See Nile, White
Bahr el Ghazal:
Kitchener’s gunboats on, 168
sudd in, 126, 131
waste of, 5, 124, 125
Bahr el Ghazal Province:
finances of, 259
French advance into, 169, 170
Gessi’s exploits in, 157
iron in, 244
nature of country, 189
rubber from, 239, 244
situation of, 191
slave-trade in, 145, 150
Suleiman’s revolt in, 156
tribes in, 194
waterways in, 189, 233
Bahr el Homr, 169
Bahr el Zeraf. See under Nile
Bahr Yusuf, 29, 31, 85
Baker, Sir Benjamin, 70
Baker, Sir Samuel: dam suggested by (1867), 73; travels of (1863 and
1870), 128; Ismail’s employment of, 148, 149
Baker, Valentine, 164
Baksheesh, 103
Bari tribe, 180
Baring, Sir E. See Cromer
Baro River, 187
Barrage, nature of, 46. See also Damietta and Rosetta
Barun negroes, 211
Basin irrigation. See under Irrigation
Belgians, advance of, 169
Lado Enclave leased to, 188
Beni Gerrar, 190
Beni Omr, 139
Beni Shangul, 142, 245
Berber:
colony at, a failure, 227
fakir suspected of murder in, 210
Kitchener’s occupation of, 168
kuttab, model, established at, 222
railway from Suakin to, project of, 165, 230, 231, 244, 256,
267-269, 277
rebuilding of, 177
situation of, 191
telegraph from, to Suakin, 256, 257
Berber Province:
cotton in, 242; prospects of investment in, 244
finances of, 259
irrigation needed in, 235
sakiehs, derelict, in (1881), 148
sugar-cane cultivated in, 241
taxation in, remission of, 249; incidence of, formerly, 250
Berea, 20
Berms, nature of, 16; irrigation of, 32, 37
Bersine (Egyptian clover), 36, 39-41
Blackwater fever, 194
Blue Nile. See under Nile
Bonchamps Expedition, 170
Bongo tribe, 145, 180, 194
Bor, 119, 124, 191
Borillos, Lake, 20
Boulé, M., 73
British rule, native attitude towards, 107-109, 263
Brooke, Mr., 55
Brown, Sir Hanbury, 44, 53, 55
Cadi, office of, 203, 204
Cairo:
journey from, to Luxor, 174
Mohammedan University of, 109
Nile at—
discharges of, 16, 17
‘red’ water, 8
view of, 4
Caisse de la Dette, 78
Camels—breeding of, 190, 233; employment of, 232, 233
Cassel, Sir E., 79
Cattle-breeding, 190
Chak Chak, 194
Chaltin, 169
Channurmin, 194
Cholera, 144
Clover (bersine), 36, 39-41
Coal, price of, 228, 255; absence of, 245
Coast lands, sinking of, 21
Coffee, 239, 241
Commerce. See Soudan, trade
Congo Free State, 169, 187
Copper-mines, 152, 245
Corruption, 103, 197
Corvée:
abolition of, 64, 105
floods, during, 65, 66
Government right regarding, maintained, 65
hardship of, formerly, 44, 59-63
liability to serve in, 63
Mehemet Ali’s use of, 24, 27
periods of demand for, 62
remains of, 18
Cotton crop:
diseases of—‘worm’ and ‘hog’ non-existent, 244, 276
experimental farm at Shendi, 243
hardiness of, 84
irrigation of, 40-42; perennial, required, 24
seasons of, 40, 41
Soudan suitable for, 237, 241, 242;
quality produced, 243
value of, 39
Cotton goods:
Soudanese imports of, 237, 238; demand in Kordofan, 270
Cotton, raw:
Soudanese exports of, 239, 241
Cotton, Sir Arthur, 74
Cromer, Lord (Sir Evelyn Baring): Lord Lawrence compared with, 43,
44; on the Barrage, 58; arranges financial difficulties of Reservoir
scheme, 78, 79, 82; importance of work represented by, 100; insight
of, 105; promise of, regarding education, 225; confidence in, 274;
Report of, quoted, 205, 267, 268
Dabik, 21
Dam. See Assouan Dam
Damietta Barrage:
construction of, 47, 49-53
cost of repairs to, 51
effect of, in 1884, 50
useless condition of, formerly, 30, 43
Damirah, 21
Danagla tribe, 167
Dar Nuba, 180
D’Arnaud, 127
Darfur:
Belgian advance to, 169
disturbance on borders of, 192
feathers from, 180, 239, 241
founding of sultanate of, 140
independence of, 190, 274
Ismail’s annexation of, 151, 152
Khalifa from, 165
nature of country, 188
rebellion in (1877), 155, 156; revolt against the Khalifa, 166
Sultan of, 190, 192, 193, 274
Dates, Dongola varieties of, 229
tax on, 39, 252
Dem Zubehr, 169, 194
Dembo tribe, 146
Dervishes, 165, 166, 186, 191
Dinder River, 187, 242
Dinka tribe, 145, 180, 194
Diseases:
blackwater fever, 194
cholera, 144
malaria, 189, 234
research connected with, 225
Dhurra, 236, 276
Dongola:
colony at, a failure, 227
dervish occupation of, 165
fakir charged with poisoning in, 208-210
Kitchener’s occupation of, 168
kuttab, model, established at, 222
situation of, 191
Dongola Expedition (1896), 166
Dongola Province:
climate of, 229
cotton in, 242; prospects of investment in, 244
dates in, 229
irrigation needed in, 235
Land Commission in, 202
land-tax, proportion contributed by, 259
language of, 190
Mahdi, the, a native of, 160
population of, 230
profits of, 258, 259
railway in, 229, 230
sakiehs, derelict, in (1881), 148
sugar-cane cultivated in, 241
taxation in, remission of, 249; incidence of, formerly, 250
trade of, 230
Drainage, 87, 88
Duem:
district near, 235
gum from, 240
railway from, suggested, 232
telegraph at, 257
Duffile, 5, 119, 169
Ed Damer, 272
Edka, Lake, 20
Education. See under Soudan
Egypt:
Abyssinia, relations with. See under Abyssinia
Agricultural Bank, 105
cultivable land in, situation of, 13; amount of, 37
finances of—
Agricultural Bank, 105
Caisse de la Dette, 78
international complications of, 78
reproductive expenditure, 88, 104
government of, 261
irrigation. See Irrigation
Egypt, Lower:
crops, table of, 38
irrigation improvement in, due to Dam, 83
Egypt, Upper:
basin irrigation in, 16
characteristics of, 68, 69
crops in—
cotton, 41
rice, 42
summer, 39; increase in, due to Barrage, 50, 51, 55
table of, 38
cultivable land in, 13, 37
Egyptians:
Arab attitude towards, 223
army—
fellaheen’s dislike to service in, 33, 265
officers, grievances of, 108, 109
British rule, attitude towards, 107-109
characteristics of, 106, 109; physical, 33, 180
slave-trade encouraged by, 145, 154, 155
Soudan—
Government posts in, held by, 197, 198, 266
misrule of, 144-148
El Fasher, 164
El Nemr, 143
El Obeid:
gum from, 181, 240
Mahdi’s victory over, 162
railway to, from Omdurman, suggested, 232
slave-trade suppression inspector at, 212
Soudanese Cadi appointed to, 204
telegraph at, 257
El Teb, 164
Emin Bey, 151, 156
Equatoria:
Baker’s expedition to, 128
Emin’s rule of, 156
Gordon appointed Governor-General of, 150
Eritrea, 187, 191, 274
Fakirs, 208-210
Famaka, 168, 187
Fashoda:
French advance to, 169, 170
Shilluk rising at, 157
telegraph to, 257
Fashoda Province:
cotton wild in, 241
finances of, 259
natives of, 193
situation of, 191
tobacco in, 241
Fatiko, 150
Fayoum:
exceptional character of, 13
irrigated lands in, 31; increase of, due to Dam, 83
Mœris, Lake, in, 29
water-wheels in, 34
Fazokhl:
British and Egyptian advance to, 168
Fungs at, 140
Ismail’s advance to, 142
tobacco produced at, 241
Feathers, exports of, from Soudan, 180, 239, 241; tax on, 253
Fellaheen. See Egyptians
Finance. See under Egypt and Soudan
Football, 220
Foster, E. W. P., 44
French:
engineers, work of, 29. See also Mougel
Fashoda, advance of, 169, 170
Wadai occupied by, 273
French Congoland, 187
Fuel, price of, 228, 255
Fungs, 140, 141
Gallabat:
cotton grown at, 242
railway to, suggested, 232
telegraph at, 257
Garstin, Sir W.: surveys by, 44, 115, 123, 126; quoted, 114, 121,
122, 130; cited, 119, 122
Gash. See Khor Gash
Gedaref:
colony at, 228
cotton grown at, 242
Mahdi’s success at, 164
railway to, suggested, 232
telegraph at, 257
Gessi, 129, 157, 158
Gharbia, 45, 64
Ghazal River. See Bahr el Ghazal
Ghezireh (Island of Sennar):
profits of, 259
railway in, suggested, 232
situation of, 191
soil of, 191, 235, 236, 242
Ginnis, 165
Gizeh, irrigation improvement in, 83
Pyramids of, 63, 94
Godavery Dam, 74
Gold:
Nile Valley Gold Mining Company, 232
prospecting licenses for, 245
undesirability of, for Soudan, 245
Golo tribe, 146, 194
Gondokoro (Ismailia):
Baker’s arrival at (1871), 150
boats plying to, 233
position of, 187
Gordon, General: Ismail’s employment of, 148; Governor-General of
Equatoria, 150; attitude of, towards slave trade, 150, 151; advises
occupation of Mombasa, 153; recalled to the Soudan, 155; quells
Darfur rebellion, 155, 156; tours of, 156; returns to England, 157;
sent to evacuate the Soudan, 163; death of, 165
Gordon College:
bacteriological research laboratory at, 217, 224
buildings and situation of, 178, 214-217
character of, 217, 224
funds of, 216, 217
technical workshop apparatus at, 217, 221
Goz Abu Goma, 257
Graham, General, 164, 165
Granite at Assouan, 73, 81, 93; in the Atbara region, 189
Greek traders, 245, 246
Grenfell, General Lord, 166
Guinea worm, 234
Gum:
exports of, from Soudan (1879-1881), 239; (1899-1900), 240
price of, 240
sorting of, 180
substitutes for, 240
tax on, 253
uses of, 239
Guttapercha (rubber), 239, 244; tax on, 253
Halfa (see also Wadi Halfa):
British appearance of, 175
primary school at, 218, 222
situation of, 191
Halfa Province, profits of, 259
Halfaya:
characteristics of, 177
industrial school to be removed to, 220
Hamegs, 140, 141, 143
Harrar, 152, 153, 156
Harûn, 156
Hashab, 239, 240
Hashin, 165
Hellet Abbas, 227
Herodotus, 70, 134
Hicks Pasha, 162
Hofrat-en-Nahas, 152, 169, 245
Hunter, General, 176
Ibrahim, 142
Ibrahimiyah Canal, 30, 63, 85, 89
India:
administrators from, 43
Soudanese trade with, formerly, 231, 237, 238
Indian corn (maize), 40, 55
Iron, 146, 244
Irrigation:
basin—
extent of system in Upper Egypt, 16
improvements in, 15
invention of, 13
method of, 13-15
expenditure on, in twenty years, 88
perennial—
advantages and disadvantages of, 25, 26
Corvée hardships incidental to, 61
high flood in relation to, 132
Mehemet Ali’s schemes of, 23-26
pumping-engines, 35; system of rotations, 56
responsibilities connected with, 111, 112
Soudan, in, need and scope for, 234-236, 242, 243
Islam, 160, 161
Ismail, Khedive: corvée employed by, 30, 31, 62; characteristics of,
31, 71; Soudan under, 139, 148; annexations by, 149, 169; slave
policy of, 149; impending ruin of, 151
Ismail Pasha Ayoub, 128
Ismail (son of Mehemet Ali), 142, 143
Ismailia (Gondokoro), 150
Italians, Massowah under, 169, 274
stone-cutters, 82
Ivory, 180, 239, 253
Jaaffer Pasha, 147
Jaalin tribe, 167, 186
John, King of Abyssinia, 154
Juba River Expedition, 153, 154
Jur River, 131, 194, 233
Jur tribe, 146, 194
Justice, idea of, 205, 206
Kabbabish tribe, 166, 190
Kantar, equivalent of, 84
Karnak, 174
Kassala:
colony at, 227, 228
cotton factory formerly at, 242
railway branch to, suggested, 232
situation of, 191
sugar-cane and tobacco cultivated at, 241
telegraph at, 257
Kassala Province (Taka):
coffee from, 239
cotton from, 241
educational facilities non-existent in, 223
Egyptian tyranny over, 144
finances of, 259
Kerma, 229
Kerreri, 168, 183
Khalifa Abdullah: Mahdi succeeded by, 165; advance of, 166; tyranny
of, 167, 186; fall of, 168; house of, 180; carriage of, 181;
learning suppressed by, 216
Khanoon Humayoum, 201
Khartoum:
British battalion at, maintenance of, 263
climate of, 179
court of appeal at, 202
fall of, to the Mahdi, 165
football at, 220
gardens at, 235
Gordon besieged in, 164
Gordon College at. See Gordon College
Greek traders in, 246
gum sorting at, 240
journey to, from Alexandria, 173-177
mudirieh of, 191
mutiny at, 192
Nile, discharges of, 6, 8; view of, 179
primary school at, 218, 219, 222
quarters and condition of, 178, 179
situation of, 5, 177
slave-trade centre at, 144
Suakin, railway connection with, project of, 230, 231, 244, 256,
267-269, 277
telegraph to Duem from, 257
Khartoumers, 145, 149
Khor Baraka, 242
Khor Gash, 187, 228; alluvial deposits of, 241, 242
Kind, payment in, 252
Kitchener, Lord: advance of, blocked by sudd, 129; successes of,
168; interest of, in Gordon College, 216-218
Koran, study of, 221, 222
Kordofan:
Achmet’s conquest of, 143
cotton goods, demand for, in, 270
Egyptian tyranny over, 144
feathers from, 239, 241
gum from, 180
iron in, 245
Mahdi, a, captured in, 162, 195, 272
mixed race in, 190
nature of country, 188
Nuba settlers in, 140; raiding by, 193
profits of, 258
rising in (1878), 156
situation of, 191
tobacco and sugar-cane in 241
Korosko, 174; desert, 168
Korti, 165, 176
Kosheh, 165
Kurshid, 144
Kuttabs, 221-223
Lado, Nile discharges at, 6, 8
Lado Enclave, 188, 261
Lakes, 20, 21
Lawrence, Lord, 44
Linant Pasha, 27, 46
Liotard, M., 169
Lupton Bey, 164
Luxor, 174
McKillop Pasha, 153
Mahdi, the (Sheikh Mohammed Ahmed): rising of, 160-165; death of,
165; tomb of, 181; attitude of, towards Sheikh-es-Senussi, 273
Mahdis, various, 195, 272, 276
Maize (Indian corn), 40, 55
Malaria, 189, 234
Mamurs, 192, 202
Manures, 36, 37
Marchand, Captain, 169, 170
Mareotis, Lake, 20
Marno, 129
Martial law, 200
Martyr, Colonel, 129
Massowah:
Egyptian army’s retreat to, 154
Ismail’s purchase of, 149
Italian possession of, 169, 274
Mather, Sir W., 217, 221
Mehemet Ali: career and works of, 23-29; scientific expedition
despatched by, 127; Soudanese Empire founded by, 139, 141, 142;
otherwise mentioned, 70, 71
Mekhemeh Sharia, 203
Menelik, King, 154, 193
Menes, King, 4, 13
Menoufia, 45, 64
Menzalah, Lake, 20, 21
Merowe, 165, 168
Meshra el Rek, 168, 194
Messalamia, 257
Metemmeh:
Achmet’s massacre at, 143
Jaalin massacred at, 186
relief expedition to, 165
Military government, nature of, 198
Missionaries, sphere of, 223
Mœris, Lake, 29, 70
Mohamed Pasha Said, 162
Mohammed Ahmed, Sheikh. See Mahdi
Mohammedan law, sacred, 203, 204
Universities, 215
Moncrieff, Sir Colin Scott. See Scott-Moncrieff
Mongalla, 187
Mombasa, Gordon’s advice regarding, 153; railway, 118
Mosque el Azhar, 109
Mosquitoes, 126, 132, 234, 276
Mougel Bey, 29, 30, 46, 58
M’tesa, King, 150, 151
Mukhtar Pasha, 102
Mudirs, 191, 192, 258
Napoleon, 27, 28; letter of, to Abd-el-Rahman, 151
Navigation of canals, freedom of, 45
Negroes:
Arabian intermixture with, 140, 189, 190
Barun, 211
Nejumi, 166
Neufeld, Charles, 181
Niam-Niams (Azande), 145, 194
Nile River:
Bahr el Zeraf—
course of, 126-128
scheme regarding, 120
slave stations on, 150
Blue-
course of, between Lake Tsana and Khartoum, 116
exploration of (1902-1903), 115 flood on, date of, 8; suggestion
of intercepting, 133
height of banks of, above Khartoum, 235
irrigation works on, arguments for, 117, 236
junction of, with White Nile, 184
Khartoum, discharges at, 6, 8; viewed from, 179
traffic on, 233
cataracts of, 6
course of, 5
Dam. See Assouan Dam
Damietta branch of—
Barrage on. See Damietta Barrage
Mehemet Ali’s plan regarding, 27
Zifta Barrage on, 87
deflection of, by ancient enemies of Egypt, 112, 113
discharges of, 6-10, 75, 89
‘green’ water, 7
floods, corvée during, 65, 66
gauges of, 66
importance of, 4, 112, 113, 184, 277
low, period of recurrence of, 83, 84
‘red’ water, 8
Reservoir. See Assouan Dam
rise of, dates of, 7-9
Rosetta branch of, Barrage on. See Rosetta Barrage
Somerset, 5, 120, 121
special measures regarding, in 1900, 56, 57
sudd in. See Sudd
sunsets on, 76
weirs on, to relieve Barrage, 54
White-
Austrian R.C. Mission on, 223
Bahr el Gebel—
Baker’s ascent of, 128
channel of, 119, 124
course of, 125
danger from excessive flood in, 132
sudd in, 126, 129
Baker’s expedition up (1861), 149
bed of, 119
discharge of, maximum, 8
garrisons on, 151
‘green’ water in, 7
importance of, 9
islands in, irrigation on, 235
junction of, with Blue Nile, 184
Mehemet Ali’s scientific expedition sent to, 127
name of, 5
population on, 119
slave-trade along, 145
traffic on, 233
Valley of, 118
Zero, meaning of, 11
Nile Valley—
Administration of, varieties in, 261
trade route by, 231, 237, 254, 268
Nile Valley Gold Mining Company, 232
Nileland, one authority for, 135, 275, 276
Nili, 11
No, Lake, 119, 120, 193; origin of, 124, 125
Nubas, 140, 193
Nubia:
antiquities of, 174
Gold Mining Company in, 232
native boatmen in, 175
Nubian Desert, 135, 175
Nuers, 193
Omdurman:
buildings, etc., in, 181, 182
characteristics of, 179, 180
Government factories at, 177
Greek traders in, 245, 246
growth of population of, under Khalifa, 167
industrial school at, 220, 221
Kitchener’s capture of, 168
market of, 168, 181, 182, 271
primary school at, 218, 219; training college in connection with,
204, 222, 223; kuttab in connection with, 222
railway to El Obeid from, suggested, 232
situation of, 180
Taaisha tribe settled at, 167
Osman Digna, 165, 166
Ostrich-farming, 241. See also Feathers
Papyrus, 125
Peel, Captain Sir William, quoted, 135, 136
Perfumeries, 183, 230, 237, 238
Philæ, 75-77, 94, 174
Pibor River, 187
Portland cement, 52, 53, 82
Pumping. See under Irrigation
Pyramids, 27, 63, 94
Rahad River, 6, 187, 242
Ramadan, 93
Raouf Pasha, 152, 153, 159
Rayah Behera, 45
Rayah Menoufia, 45
Rayah Tewfiki, 45
Reform, native attitude towards, 106
Reid, Mr., 44, 50
Rejaf, 119, 169
Reproductive works, 88, 104
Reservoir, ancient, 70, 71, 95
modern. See Assouan Dam
Rhodes, Cecil, 257
Rice, cultivation of, 41, 42; imports of, 237, 238
‘Ride across the Nubian Desert, A,’ 135, 136
Ripon Falls, 133
Rosaires:
cataracts of, 117
slave-trade suppression inspector at, 212
steamer communication with, 233
Rosetta Barrage:
appearance of, 96, 97
cement used in, amount of, 53
construction of, 46, 47, 50-53
cost of repairs to, 51
effect of, in 1884, 49, 50
Mehemet Ali’s scheme for, 27
structure of, 44
subsidence in, 30, 43, 47
weir to relieve, 54, 55
Ross, Colonel, 44, 89
Rubber (guttapercha), 239, 244; tax on, 253
Rumbek, 194
Ruwenzori, 135
Sabaini, 41
Said Pasha: corvée employed by, 62; desirous of evacuating Soudan,
146; reforms of, 147
Sakiehs (water-wheels):
numbers of, between Khartoum and Berber, 234, 235
structure of, 34
taxation of, 147, 250
Salt, injurious effect of, 19, 40
Scents, 183, 230, 237, 238
Scott-Moncrieff, Sir Colin: Baring’s support of, 44; decision of, on
pumping-stations, 48; intercedes for Mougel Bey, 58
Seasons, 10, 11, 35
Setit River, 187
Semliki River, 121
Senna, 239
Sennar:
Arabian settlements in (A.D. 700), 139
civilization, former, 140, 141, 272
cotton formerly grown in, 242
Egyptian tyranny over, 144
finances of, 259
kuttab at capital of, 222
Mahdi in, 162
murder case from, 207
situation of, 191
telegraph in, 257
University formerly in, 272
Sennar, Island of. See Ghezireh
Serut fly, 233, 234
Shadoofs, 32-34
Shambe, 120, 126, 194
Sharaki lands, 14, 15, 89, 249
Shilluks:
cotton neglected by, 241
King of, tax-collecting emulated by, 193
Omdurman, at, 180
slaves raided from, 140
Sheikh-es-Senussi, 273
Shellal, 174
Shendi:
climate and soil of, 188
cotton farm at, 243
Crewe of the Soudan, 177
Ismail murdered at, 143
Sinkat, 164, 230
Slatin, Sir Rudolf von, 164, 181; cited, 167; quoted, 226
Slave-trade:
Abyssinian frontier, raiding on, 211
Arabian occupation in, 140, 142; Arabian market for, 212
British measures against, 212, 271
Egyptian responsibility for, 145, 154, 155
Gordon’s suppression of, 150, 151
Ismail’s policy regarding, 149
Khalifa, under, 168
Khartoum a centre of, 144
Soudan, prevalence in, 142, 155; fostered by overtaxation, 250
Wadai, at, 273
Slavery, Arab view of, 213
Small-pox, inoculation for, 272
Soap, manufacture of, 238
Sobat River:
Abyssinian agreement regarding, 113
American Medical Mission on, 223
district south of, 189
garrisons on, 151
‘green’ water from tributaries of, 7
importance of, 5, 119
trade possibilities of, 233
white sediment in, 5
Sobat Valley, rainfall in, 8
Sohagia Canal, 16
Somaliland, 153
Sorghum crops, 41
Soudan (for special towns and districts, see their titles):
agriculture in, importance of, 234, 245
loans for, 234
area of, 188
boundaries of, 171, 175, 186-188
British administration of, 186; native attitude towards, 196
capital of, 173
climates of, 188
colonization in, 227
Convention of 1899, 262
Customs receipts. See Soudan, finances
depopulation of, 185; increase of population, 227, 230
diseases. See Diseases
education—
Cromer, Lord, on, 225
Department of, 201, 217
elementary character of, required, 216
English, teaching of, 224
expenditure on, in three years, 218
Gordon College. See Gordon College
kuttabs, 221-223
primary schools established, 218, 219; kuttabs, 221-223
technical, 217, 220, 221
training college for Sheikhs, 222, 223
Egypt—
army of occupation from, maintenance of, 255, 264
financial relations with. See Soudan, finances
importance of Soudan to, 114, 115, 265
rule of, 144-148
evacuation of, contemplated, 163
finances (see also Soudan, taxation)—
Budget, 247, 249, 250; for 1902, 253; estimates for 1903, 257
capital, dearth of, 234, 266
Customs duties on land side retained by Egypt, 253, 254, 263
Egyptian control of, 247; contribution, amount of, 259, 260,
266; expenditure, 1899-1903, 263
public works, expenditure on, 258
revenue, sources of, 247, 248
sound condition of, 260
flood-gauges in, 66
gold in, rumours of, 141, 142; undesirability of, 245
government of—
British officials, versatility required of, 195, 196, 198, 199;
keenness of, 196; age of, 197; changes among, 275; status of, 275
Egyptian officials, 197, 198, 266
methods of, 190-192
nature of, 261-263
investments in cotton in, prospects for, 244
irrigation. See Irrigation
justice, administration of, 201-203, 206-211
kidnapping in, 212
land-measuring, instruction in, 219
land-ownership in, 198, 202; Government the admitted owner, 249
land-tax. See Soudan, taxation
legal administration in, 201-203, 206, 207
legal adviser in, 201; cited, 207
manufactures of, 242
Mehemet Ali’s influence on, 139, 141
nomad tribes in, 192, 250, 251
penal code of, 201
petitions to Governor-General in, 211, 249
population of, increasing, 227, 230
post and telegraphs, 254, 256, 257
provinces of, 191
railways in—
capital expenditure on, 256, 260, 264
Halfa-Kerma, 229
Halfa-Khartoum, 228
Suakin-Berber, project of, 165, 230, 231, 244, 256, 267-269, 277
takings of, 254, 255
various, suggestion of, 232
skilled labour, dearth of, 220
slave-trade. See Slave-trade
Steamer and Boats Department, 255
Stewart’s report on (1883), 159, 171, 237
taxation in—
amount raised by, annually, 251
date-tax, 252
gum, etc., on, 253
land-tax—
amounts of, 252
assessment of, 219
Dongola, contribution from, 259
proportion of taxation raised by, 252
lightness of, 253, 267
tribute, 192, 250, 251
Ushur, 252
various items in Budget of 1902, 253
telegraphs in, 254, 256, 257
trade in—
Greeks engaged in, 245, 246
Indian, former, 231, 237, 238
Nile Valley route for, 231, 237, 254, 268
obstacles to, 226, 227
returns of imports and exports, 237-239
water-ways for, 233
transport in, difficulties of, 227, 228; improvements in, 232
Turk, native attitude towards, 142, 193
war in, cost of, 263
reservoir project affected by, 78
Soudanese:
Arab, 189, 190
illiteracy of, 216
negro, 189, 190
women—
appearance of, 183
coiffure of, 183
employments of, 178, 180
Mahdi, woman as, 195
military honour regarded by, 176
mutiny at Khartoum concerning, 192
Stewart, Colonel D. H.: report by, on the Soudan, 159, 171, 237;
death of, 171; list of tribes by, 185, 186
Suakin:
Customs receipts at, decrease in, 254
Ismail’s purchase of, 149
primary school at, 218, 222
railway to Berber from, project of, 165, 230, 231, 244, 256,
267-269, 277
situation of, 191
telegraphs from, 257
trade returns at, 237-239
Sudd:
clearing of, 129-132, 233
nature of, 126
obstructions caused by, 127-129, 158
Sueh River, 169
Suez Canal, 62, 149
Sugar, Soudanese imports of, 238, 241, 265
Sugar-cane, 39, 41, 241
Suleiman (son of Zubehr), 152, 155-157
Sultâni, 41
Taaisha tribe, 165, 167
Taboot, 34
Taha Ali, 207, 208
Taiara, 239
Taka. See Kassala
Tamai, 164, 165
Tamarinds, 239
Taufikieh, 223
Taxation:
collection of taxes—
extortion formerly connected with, 159, 160, 248, 250
Shilluk King’s attempts at, 193
time of, 105, 248
principles of, 248, 249
reduction of, 105
remission of, 249
sakiehs, of, 147, 250
slave trade fostered by excessive, 250
Soudan, in. See Soudan, taxation in
Tembura, 169
Tewfik, Khedive, 157
Thames, discharges of, at Teddington, 9 note
Thebes, Plain of, 174
Timbuctoo, fakir from, 208-210
Tinnis, 21
Tobacco, 237, 238, 241
Tokar:
cotton produced at, 242
garrison at (1883), 164
recapture of (1891), 166
telegraph at, 257
Tonj, 194
Torricelli, Signor, 73
Toski, 166
‘Track of the forty days,’ 142
Trade. See Soudan, trade in
Transvaal War, 186, 200
Tribute, 192, 250, 251
Tsana, Lake:
dam at, scheme of, 116-118
exploration of (1902-1903), 115
site of, 116
treaty regarding (1902), 113
Tunah, 21
Tuti Island, 143, 177
Turkey:
Commissioner from, for proposed British evacuation, 102
Soudanese attitude towards, 142, 193
Suakin and Massowah purchased from, 149
suzerainty of, over Egypt, but not over Soudan, 261
Zeila purchased from, 153
Uganda:
administration of, 261
Baker’s relations with, 150
British protectorate over, declared, 169
dams on lakes in, scheme of, 118-123
Gordon’s treaty with, 151
railway along Abyssinian frontier to, suggested, 232
Soudanese boundary of, 187
swamps in, 6
telegraph tariff to obtain in, 257
‘Um soof,’ 126, 129
Umbrellas, imports of, 238
Unyoro, 150, 169
Ushur, 252
Vansleb, F., quoted, 71, 112
Victoria Nyanza, dam on, scheme for, 118-123
regulator at, suggested, 132, 133
Wad Medani;
district from, to Duem, 235
flour-mills at, 234
kuttab, model, at, 222
railway to, suggested, 232
telegraph at, 257
Wadai, 273
Wadi Halfa (see also Halfa):
railway from, 168
voyage to, from Shellal, 174
Wages, increase in, 109
Wau, 131, 194, 233
Water-wheels. See Sakiehs
Wellcome, Mr., 217, 224
Western, Colonel, 44, 50
Whale-headed stork, 5
White ants, 256, 276
White Nile. See under Nile
Whitehouse, Cope, 72
Willcocks, Sir William: work of, on Rosetta Barrage, 48, 49; report
of, on Nile Dam, 73; cited, 128; otherwise mentioned, 44, 64
Wingate, Sir Reginald: position of, 185; age of, 197; quoted on
possibilities of irrigation, 235, 236
Wodehouse, General, 166
Yusuf Pasha, 162
Zeila, 153
Zifta Barrage, 87, 88
Zubehr, 150, 152, 155, 157, 163
THE END
* * * * *
BILLING AND SONS, LTD., PRINTERS, GUILDFORD
[Illustration: MAP OF EGYPT and the SOUDAN 1904
_London: Stanford’s Geogl. Estabt._
London: Edward Arnold.]
FOOTNOTES:
[Footnote 1: 1 metre = about 39 inches.]
[Footnote 2: A cubic metre of water equals, roughly, 1 ton.]
[Footnote 3: For the purpose of illustration, it is interesting to
compare the discharge of the Thames at Teddington:
_Cubic Metres per Second._
During June the average discharge for the
twenty years ending 1902 was 35
The average in June, 1903, was 178
The discharge on June 21, 1903, was 387
On February 21, 1900, it was 533
And on November 18, 1894 (greatest on
record), it was 1,065
I have given the discharge in cubic metres per second, the unit
generally in use on the Nile. On the Thames the figures are usually
given in gallons per day, which sounds much more imposing. If the
number of cubic metres per second is multiplied by about 1,900,000, it
gives approximately the number of gallons per day. But, after all, the
discharge of the Thames in June, 1903, was not so very far below that
of the Nile during the same month.]
[Footnote 4: The Egyptian peasant, however, refuses to accept the
prosaic evidence of his eyes about these rats, and, like the stout
conservative he is, prefers to believe the old tradition that they turn
to mud during the flood season. Many a man will gravely assert that he
has himself observed the transformation actually in progress.]
[Footnote 5: 1 Kantar = nearly 100 lbs.]
[Footnote 6: _Cf._ p. 71.]
[Footnote 7: Estimated. £E1 = £1 0s. 6d.]
[Footnote 8: Estimated.]