Adverbs are certain energic or active particles or _additional_ verbs
added to, or joined with other names in propositions, to denote the
degrees and manner of things, as to quantity, situation, quality,
motion, and rest. Of quantity, as less, lesser, least, much, more,
most, great, greater, greatest, long, longer, longest, short, shorter,
shortest, broad, broader, broadest. Of situation or place, as where,
whither? up, down, above, below, high, higher, highest, here, there,
yonder, far, farther, farthest, within, without, upwards, downwards,
forwards, backwards, and such as are expressive of the situation of
bodies in motion, or at rest. Of qualities, as wisely, knowingly,
sensibly, decently, likely, fairly, warmly, foolishly, beastly, coldly,
hardly, and such as express intentional qualities. Of motion and rest;
as comprehending affirmatives, interrogatives, interjectories, and those
improperly called adverbs of time, as, when? now, anon, then, yesterday,
to-day, to-morrow, henceforwards, ever, never, how often? often,
oftener, oftenest, once, twice, thrice, seldom, however, away, begone,
adieu, speedily, slowly, verily, yes, yea, no, why, however, perhap,
alternately, as, alack, ha, alas, ho, oh.
There are no other sorts of adverbs, expressive of the order, time, or
manner of things, as appears by the definition of those of the four
languages in the vocabulary; nor does it thence appear that there is in
fact above three sorts of adverbs, namely, quantity or extension or bulk
of bodies; quality or an illation of light, heat and motion thereon,
and penetrating the same, expressed by _ly_, as _ty_ does extension in
substantiving qualities; and motions energic, animate, and local, with
the contraries, as privation, rest, and matter. And the degrees, like
adjectives, are compared by adding _er_ and _est_, as comparative and
superlative, to the positive or the state or degree of beings and things
in act, or putting _more_ or _most_ in apposition thereto.
The degrees of distance and situation, are reckoned like prepositions,
upon lines, upright, across, or slantways, extended from the centre of
action or existence in our system where man is supposed to stand; or upon
man as a mikrocosm standing up with arms extended; his head representing
the unseen celestial system, being the superlative degree upwards, the
extent of his sight or the sky, the comparative, his body or the world,
the positive, upwards, downwards, and crosswise, his limbs below the
parts of generation, as representing the parts below the earth’s surface
or growth part, the comparative downwards, and beyond it the superlative,
the extent of view, the comparative sideways, and beyond it the
superlative, as appears by the definition of Adverbs in the vocabulary.
And tho’ interjections are supposed to add nothing to the sentence, they
certainly express the sorts and degrees of energy with which the whole is
affirmed.