LETTERS.

Letters, as γραμματα or characters, either really or emblematically

personate, and represent things and ideas; and as notes of articulate

sounds signify internal conceptions, and express them to others. They

consist of various sorts, such as simple characters to denote elements

or principles; compounds to express complex ideas, and things; the

dividers of parts; actives, energies, and affirmatives; and privatives,

and negatives. These are the smallest or elementary parts of language,

as atoms are of matter and action of motion; an assemblage thereof form

particles, as of atoms do those of matter; and a combination of either

form more sensible bodies, and so on to the construction of larger forms,

masses or sentences; letters having been formed in their shapes and

sounds, agreeable to ideas and things, and having a natural connection

therewith; and length and breadth affecting the eye in the same manner as

their vibrations do the ear, and a combination of both the human will and

perception.

Characters, which consist of irregular lines, circles, or curves, are

incapable of general signs or meanings, or representing many things; but

strait lines, and circles, and their division and multiplication, like

the Roman, only are capable of that hieroglyfic, universal representation

and meaning, which the first universal language must be supposed to

express, and as most other characters seem to be only deviations from

the Roman, from mere affectation, or for the conveniency of sculpture,

there seems to be no great absurdity in supposing that Adam was furnished

with _those_ characters, and instructed in their sounds; that they

continued in general use until the confusion of Babel, when mankind began

to make use of the noise or sounds of cattle instead of human voices;

and that the Romans were furnished with those characters by the Tuscans

on their arrival in Italy. Nor does it seem in the least probable that

those nations which had been destined by Providence to be the possessors

of the most distant countries westward from Asia, who made their way

thither accordingly, along the Mediterranean coasts, through Crete,

Greece, Sicily, Egypt, Mauritania, Tuscany, Spain, Gaul, and Britain,

were in Asia at the time of the confusion. And as those characters

are adapted only for the Celtic, Phrygian, or British language, which

resolves the names of places of the several countries through which it

passed, preferable to the more modern dialects thereof, and Cæsar thought

that Druidism began in Britain; it seems very probable that Mercury,

Gomer, or Hermes, and other Druids, leaders of the western colonies,

were always possest of those _secret_ characters; it being certain that

the Gauls before Cæsar’s time had the use of letters. Besides, ancient

history takes notice of the hieroglyfics, as consisting of the figures

of animals, parts of human bodies, and mechanical instruments invented

by Thoth the first Hermes, which were afterwards translated into Greek,

and deposited in books in the Egyptian temples, and which the learned

supposed to be sacred characters.

The characters of the first language were without doubt simple, requiring

but few rules for their combination and construction; and yet must

have been expressive of all the natural signs and sounds of things;

for such certainly ought to be the construction of a language proposed

for an universal assent; and such in my opinion is the English, whose

vocables are hieroglyfic; and their meaning agreeing with the picturesque

combination. These were the ancient characters, engravings, or γραμματα;

and their sounds were the στοιχα, _the chief sounds_; and which we shall

here proceed to explain, together with the Greek characters.

Eng. Welsh. Greek. Greek names.

and Roman.

a, ɑ. α. Alpha, the call upon parts.

b. β, ϐ. Beta, upon the beasts of the fields.

c, k, q. κ. Kappa, the action upon parts.

d, dd. δ. Delta, the division or race of things.

e, ɛ, h, ɜ. ε, η, ϶, Η. Epsilon and Heta, the clitoris, erectors, and

all the interjectory generative springs.

f, ff. φ. Phi, the penis in action and generative

qualities.

g. γ, Γ. Gamma, the testicles, or an action about the

mother.

i, j. ι. Jota, the rays of the sun upon things.

l, ll. λ. Lamda, things extended or place.

m. μ. Mv, man’s body, and things about as surrounding

man.

n, ng. ν. Nv, in man, or betwixt his thighs, human will

and the negatives.

o. ο, ω, Ω. Omicron and Omega, the little and great circle

of space, place, and motion.

p. π, Ψ, ψ. Pe and Psi, the penis not in action, and animal

and other dead parts.

r. ϱ, ρ. Rho, the eccho or sound of animals, &c.

s, ſ, z. σ, Ζ, ζ. Zigma and Zeta, sounds in general.

t, T, th. τ, Θ. Tau and Theta, man’s possessions, properties,

extension, &c.

v, u, U, w. υ, Υ. Upsilon, the upper springs, as man’s face, &c.

x, ch, wh. Ξ, ξ, χ. Chi or _χi_, animal, gutteral, and sounds of

superior actions.

Transcriber’s Note: This table is included as an image in the

HTML version, as some of the characters in it may have more

than one interpretation.

This alphabet consists of seven vowels or voices, which in their own

nature, actively, and without any super-addition, yield compleat

articulate sounds, particles, or names, and hieroglyfically represent

the elementary or active parts of the human body, and nature, as similar

thereto, namely, a, e or h, i, o, u, w or ω, Υ; and of other characters

or letters, which are called consonants from their yielding articulate

sounds only in company with vowels. Of these b, c, d, f, g, l, m, p,

t, are also hieroglyfic representations of the various parts of the

human body and other things as similar thereto; and they are mutable

and inflectory in the pronominal cases, from the less animate, slow,

and almost silent radical state, both as to the sense and sound, to the

rougher, louder, and more animate and active sounds and things; as for

instance, c, p, τ, the most silent, as expressive of material or passive

substances or local inanimate actions inflect into g, b, d, which are

somewhat louder and rougher, as being expressive of the higher and more

active things and actions of men and animals; and those again into the

still louder and rougher sounds of ch, ff, th, as those are expressive

of the most energic actions or modes of motion; but when g, b, d, are

the radicals of inflection, they again inflect into ng, f, m, dd, n,

and in some dialects the l and r have the aspirates ll and rh for the

radicals, as has been shewn in my former treatises. To the loss of these

inflections may in a great measure be imputed the great variety and

confusion of languages; new dialects having been formed by changing the

radicals and misapplying the inflectories, as father for pater, brother

for frater, and mother for mater. b, c, d, j, k, p, q, t, as yielding

little or no sounds, without the assistance of vowels, are called mutes;

l, m, n, r, f, s, as having imperfect obscure sounds without the company

of vowels, have been distinguished as semivowels; and l, m, n, r, also

as liquids from their flowing in particles, as in, îf, îl, îm, în, îr,

the flow of the sun’s rays, light, motion, liquid, and life or qualities

upon the lower world of beings and things; but the distinctions of mutes

and semivowels seem trifling, as most letters seem to be vowels in some

degree.

Here, before we proceed to explain the figures and powers of letters, it

may not perhaps be improper to observe that the parts, affections, and

ideas of the human pair, incorporated, as in the figures at the end of

this essay, were the archetypes or patterns of the original characters,

whose figures and sounds are descriptive of the universe; that letters

and particles have two sounds, the masculine and feminine, the active

and passive, or the short and long; that a particle or syllable cannot in

the genuine sense of language consist of more than two letters; and that

there are not in fact any such things as dipthongs; those now supposed to

be such, being two or three particles of one vowel each, which formerly

was a common method of composition, as appears by the following piece of

ancient poetry; in which there is no consonant made use of, the r being

only a letter of sound.

Oer iu yr eira ar yr yri,

Oi riu or awyr i rewi;

Oer iu yr ia oi riu ri

Ar eira oer iu yr yri.

Thus Englished.

From its high hill cold is ice,

Cold is the snow on Snowden;

Its nature from the sky to freeze

On snow so cold is Snowden.

The letter o is an indefinite circle, signifying the universe, motion,

space, the sun’s figure and motion, and all or ol, extension of length,

breadth, and thickness; and it is expressible of parts only by a

diminution of its general sense; as in b-ol, a ball or part of all, or-b,

a circle part, w-or-l-d, a man’s circle part or place of life, b-or-d-er

the circle part of the possessions and 10, one circle, which being

repeated comprehends all numbers. This, like all other original letters,

has two sounds, the long and the short, as in _on_, _one_, _ton_, _tone_;

and its shape or figure was taken from the circumference of the human

pair close together, face to face, which is man’s chief circle place,

signified by the term _world_. The Greek ω is a double υ as has been

explained in my former treatise.

The letter i is an indefinite line, representing man in his primitive

state of innocence, as it does still his body, as a line, without its

extension, and his head and senses by its dot; and in a secondary sense

are expressed by this line and dot, length or heighth towards the sun,

the sun-beams, fire, heat, and other qualities both spiritual and

animal, as still flowing upon man, and other things as relative to him,

and originally perhaps centering in himself, and since his fall only

relatively. But though man and nature have been impaired by original

sin, they still seem to be invested with certain springs, energies, or

returns of those ilations and qualities, as, thinking, willing, voice

articulate, powers generative and growth; whereby the human species may

be extended, and acquire so much knowledge and virtue, as, with the

blessing of Providence, to be capable of being reinstated. The chief

of which springs is expressed by the letter u, a compound of two i’s

signifying man’s compound of male and female, and spirit and matter, with

a c at their bottom, springing them upwards; by y as to the generative

and vegetative parts, which also is expressive of woods and other growth;

it being a compound of i j, and half of the spring c, as not being

expressive of the spirit of man. The i also expresses man as an upright

line placed in the centre of all worldly beings and substances, to whom

they bear a relation, as shall be shewn under adverbs. The u vowel seems

to derive its figure from the human face, the seat of the voice, and

the heart, and the feminine or consonant v from the vagina, if it be

an original letter, but, from its sound, it seems to supply the place

of the digamma. The y or Υ resembles trees, plants and vegetables, and

the j consonant is the half of it, and sometimes made use of instead of

g, to express some of the generative parts and qualities. These vowels

have each two sounds, the high and low, long and short, or grave and

acute, viz. i, as in, _in_, _high_, or _i_, go thou; the u vowel, as,

in, _unction_, _united_; and the y as the u in unction and y in hyssop;

but the w has only one long sound, as in _woman_, _womb_, _wood_, and it

is mostly applicable to spirituals, man, and things belonging to him;

the wh has the gutteral sound of the Welsh ch, or the Greek χ as in

_where_, _why_; the j consonant has the sound of g in _generation_; and

the v consonant that of the soft flowing f of the Welsh, or as in _verb_,

_vice_; thus supplying the softer sound and meaning of the digamma.

The letters a, e, h, ε, η, Η, in their primary sense signify the male and

female posteriors, the clitoris, erectores, &c. the impulse and springs

of generation, and the earth and water place of man; whence a came to be

an expression for the element earth or matter and things hard, rough,

or interjectory, and ε for the element of water and any feminine, soft,

or passive parts or things, but the interjectory aspirate e or _he_ is

masculine, and the ε has one spring resembling that of rain. The a has

properly two sounds, as in _animal_, _have_, or _name_, but not that

of o or the northern a in _all_; the masculine e or he has an aspirate

sound, as in _hero_, and a mute one, as in _echo_; and the feminine ε

was originally sounded soft, like the French cedill ç, as in _fleece_,

_vice_, and the use of this character and sound ought to be continued or

the soft c should be marked with a cedill to prevent the confusion of the

hard and soft sounds of c; but more of this elsewhere.

The letters c, k, q, g, γ, wh, ch, κ, χ, Ξ, ξ signify actions of

different sorts and degrees, viz. c as the half of o, signifying motion,

and k and q, as significant of its sound, signify the modes of common

local motions or actions; and the hard c also represents half the round

of the posteriors, as o doth the whole of the male and female together,

as the feminine or soft c doth the other half; g or γ represent the

testicles or half the gamma, f being the other half, and the generative

and growing parts of man and nature; and the rest are their gutteral

inflections expressive of animal sounds and actions. The palatals should

be sounded hard and short, as in _quick_, the soft c in some cases as the

feminine ε before explained, and s before the vowel i, the superlative

gutteral sorts, as the wh in _where_, _why_, and the Welsh _chwa_,

_chwant_, and g or γ as in _egg_, _edge_. All these characters are

nothing more than compounds of c, h, s, as will be shewn hereafter.

The letters d and b put together, thus, db, as compounds of i and o, or

length and breadth, are expressive of man and woman’s body part, from

the thigh to the part of the body which the elbow reaches, and all other

living beings so extended, as τ does the extension of matter, but being

again divided into d and b, they express living things, or the qualities

of parts and diminutives of bodies, and emblematically spirits and

privatives, as p does parts of matter, as divisor of τ. The d and b ought

to be sounded alike in all languages, as, _de_, _be_, and dd, as _the_,

but letters are farther explained in the former treatise.

T represents man’s legs together, with the feet upwards, and both toes

turned outwards as upright and traverse lines, extension and man in his

temporal state, turned out of paradise, under the sky, topsy turvy, and

all things as relative to him, and the line upon which time or the manner

of reckoning the distances of actions are measured. T sounds alike in

all languages, and th and θ as in _the_, _Thebes_, and those are the

inflections of T.

The letters p, ph, ff, f, π, φ, ψ, signify material or dead parts, or

their qualities, as p divides T; ph is p high, up, or active; the digamma

φ or f, the p inflecting the gamma; and ψ actions of a lesser nature,

as growth. The p and π sound alike in all languages, ph, ff as φυω,

_fusee_, or _fun_, ψ as in _Psalms_, it being only a compound of p, and f

as the v consonant in _verb_, but these letters are farther explained in

the former treatise.

_m_ represents a man’s body and arms or wings from the top of b and d,

or the elbow part of the body, up to the neck, and the world, forms,

and things, as surrounding and belonging to man, as shall be further

explained amongst the particles. It sounds the same in all languages. _n_

is the thighs, with the parts above them, forming a traverse line, and

the vacancy betwixt the same when extended, signifying to be in, or in

existence or possession, having f and d for its auxiliaries, but before

the vowels or springs it expresses a negative or privative; and it has no

particular sound.

Ỻ, L, λ, are T or man’s legs, once put together, separated, and as

divisors of T, which signifies space or extension, are expressive of

particular lengths and breadths, and their places, qualities, &c. The L

or λ is sounded as eel or îl and Ỻ has an aspirate hissing sound in the

Welsh, Spanish, and some other dialects.

The letters r, ϱ, ρ, Ρ, R, represent animals and their parts, and their

mouths as the place of sound; S being added to P, as a sound, forms R,

the sound as well as part of an animal; and they are all to be sounded

as in _viper_, except where they happen to be radical letters, and then

with an aspirate h as in _rhyme_. The S, σ, Z, are also letters of sound,

but express no part of man, and are rather the shape of some animal of

the serpentine kind, the waving of the breath or water, &c. They have

two sounds, the hard and soft, as in _loss_, _zone_. This explanation

of letters, together with what has been given already in my former

treatises, and shall be added amongst the particles, will, it is to be

hoped, be deemed satisfactory, as to the sense and origin of letters,

and the sacred characters; notwithstanding the pretensions lately set up

for those of irregular lines, curves, and windings, which can express

but few things, and the remarks of another ingenious gentleman, as to

the non-entity or insignificancy of the Hieroglyfics; his enquiry having

been confined to the vulgar sorts, or the paintings or engravings of

animals, &c. when it now appears the Hieroglyfics consisted only of those

few sacred or _secret_ characters. The hints and specimens here given of

the method of combining the hieroglyfic figures, being as compleat as

the press will admit of; and a process thereof, thro’ the whole of the

English language, considering the corrupt state of languages, tho’ the

English is as capable of an hieroglyfic combination as any, requiring

much loss of time, trouble, and expence, and perhaps the aid of a Hunter

and a Hill, and some other reasons occurring, the author hopes he shall

be excused for proceeding no further at the present, in the combination

of characters.

Of Particles and Syllables.

A Particle is a simple articulate sound and sign of one or two

characters or letters; but a syllable sometimes by the cutting off of

vowels, becomes a combination of more letters, which is yet commonly

pronounced as a simple articulate sound; there being a natural relation

and agreement betwixt the signs and sounds of letters, and ideas and

things. Particles and syllables were originally framed according to

their hieroglyfic shape, the natural sounds of ideas and things, and the

sense and value of letters, as has been already explained; and therein

the quantity of the action of sound was measured and proportioned to the

motion, action, or energy of the thing to be expressed, as the high,

loud, acute, or short accent, for an active or energic particle, and the

low, grave, and long, for a passive, substantive, or a negative one.

And altho’ some letters, as a, e, y, p, t, and some particles in words

are so fixed by the addition of y, ty, ive, and other terminations,

as of themselves to be always substantive and long, as to quantity

and accent; yet those passive and long letters and particles, by the

addition of an active vowel, consonant, or particle, will become active

and short. Hence the best way of spelling or pronouncing must be to

divide the particles of compound names according to the original manner

of their combination, sense, and sounds, and when a vowel is cut off,

its consonant, with the remaining vowel, or with the most valuable, if

there should be any doubt, as in the following examples, ex-ec-ra-ble,

co-re-spond-ing, pro-ble-m-at-ic-al-ly, un-ec-spect-ed-ly, prin-ce,

o-af, o-ther, o-ver, ub-iqu-i-ty. Those sorts of names and their

compounds according to their significations and nature in language, are

distinguishable into the following sorts, viz. Articles to substantive

and identify names; nouns substantive, or the names of substances;

pronouns, which collectively express nouns and antecedent parts of

sentences; adjectives, which are added to the names of substances, to

express their qualities and accidents; actives, or the names of actions,

verbs, energies, and affirmatives of being, acting, and feeling; adverbs

or additional words, to express quantities, qualities, distances, modes,

and energies of actions and things, with their degrees; prepositions to

denote and connect situations, and conjunctions or connectives of names,

proportions, and sentences.

As the right apprehension of the hieroglyfic primitive language very

much depends on a clear illustration of particles, which as sorts of

compound letters, together with the primitive hieroglyfic letters,

comprehend all the materials of the first universal language, the

following addition is here made to what has been already published on the

etymology of particles; the radicals being placed in each class before

their inflections and transponents. Ab, eb, af, ef; ba, be, fa, fe. These

express the generas and species, as well as causes and effects of animal

life, beings, and growth of the earth and water, both male and female,

as in ab-ba, eb-riety, af-ect, ef-ect, ba-by, be-an, fa-ther, fe-male,

fa-ar-am-er, ba-ar-en-ess.

Ib, if, bi, fi. These are expressive of the qualities flowing from above,

like the sun’s rays upon man and inferior beings, and their return of

life, as in l-ib-eral, l-îf, bi-le, fi-eld.

Ub, uf, bu, fu. These are the springs or returns of the above qualities

in man and other beings, as in ub-erty, h-uf, bu-d, fu-el, ub or

springing upwards.

Ob, of, bo, fo. These signify out of, or from the circle of life or

sight, or dead, as in ob-lation, ob-livion, of-fering, of, bo-dy, bo-ne,

fo-reign.

Ac, ec, ag, eg, ach, ech, ang, eng, ca, ce, ga, ge, cha, che, nga, nge.

The first sort of particles denote the several motions and actions

of earth and water or matter, both animate and inanimate, and their

transponents express their contraries, such as, rest, confinement, shuts

or inclosures, as in, ac-t, ec-stacy, ec-ho, ag-ain, eg-g, ach-ieve,

ach-os or cause, spe-ech, bre-ech, ech-uin or a loan, ang-er, eng-age,

ca-ab-age, ca-ge, ce-iling, ce-ll, ke-ep, ga-te, ge-ld, cha-os, che-st,

che-fn or her back, gnad or gned, or finished, kna-ve, kne-ad.

Ic, ig, ich, ing, ci, gi, chi, ngi. These are the principles, qualities,

and beginning of motion, the first or chief action, or creation of heat,

man, and things, and their returns, as in h-ic, or the man action,

ig-menos or proceeded, ig-neous, h-igh, wh-ich, ich-od, ing or acting,

as a man in the line of possession, th-ing, k-ing or ci-ing, the chief

in the line of possession, the rest are the inflections of ci or chief

inflected thus, ci, _a chief_, gi, _his chief_, chi, _her chief_, ngi,

_my chief_.

Uc, ug, uch, ung, cu, qu, chu, ngu. These are the springs or returns

of those acts from man and other beings upwards, and the species of

generations, productions, and energies therefrom, as in uc, uc’s-or,

cl-uck, h-ung, ug-ly, ug-ies, uch-el, cu-san or kiss, cu-r or care, cu-b,

Cu-pid, gu-ide, gu-ilt, gu-st, gu-t, chuck, chu-rl, chu-ith or breath,

know-ledge, gnu-eid or making.

Oc, og, och, ong, co, go, cho, ngo. These are the most occult actions

as proceeding from the hind part of the human circle, or from the sight

part of the circle, occurrences, and coalescence of actions and motions

circular, and their species and productions, as in oc-ult, oc-currence,

og-le, och-i-my or filth to me, och or oh fie, th-ong, co-alescence,

co-herence, go-re, cho-ler, ngo or my memory.

Ad, add, ed, edd, da, dda, de, dde. These are expressive of diminution,

privation and division of earth, water, matter, growth, parts, and

other things; and as such an addition to the goods and possessions of

man, as in add, ad-eg or de-crease, had or seed, ed-ible, da or goods,

dda his goods, de-arth, de-ath, de, dde, the or a thing. Id, idd, di,

ddi, signify the division, qualities, and action of man, or the human

intellect, spirits, and privatives, as in, id-ea, idd-o, or the human

properties, di-vision, di-minish, yn ddi-rgel or secretly.

Ud, udd, du, ddu. These are the spring or return of human intelligence,

as divided or exercised, and their species and negatives, as in, h-ud

or fascination, cy-h-udd-o, to confess one’s crimes, du-bious, du-ll or

judgment, du-tifull, i-ddu-n, to a man.

Od, odd, do, ddo. These signify the division of the circle of motion, or

a circle of actions called time, present and past, as in, oed or age, od

or life, odd or the past action or age, do or it has been done, or it is

past, ddoe or yesterday.

Ah, eh, ih, oh, uh, ha, he, hi, ho, hu. These express the different

impulse or energies of the human passions and affections, and are

explained amongst the adverbs; of which species of names they seem to be.

Ai, ei, ii, oi, ui, and their transponents, signify motions local as of

moving, walking, or driving, actions and affections of generation and

growth, man out of possession, man’s visage, and affirmations of yea, and

the sun’s motion darting its rays by io; but an h is commonly added to

the radical as an additional energy.

Al, el, la, le. The extension of earth and water, or place in general,

and qualities and animal sounds as extended, as al high in alps and

altus, el low or in hell, el-egy, la-nd or surface, le or p-la-ce,

terresti-al, aquati-le, c-all, kn-ell, la-ment, le-gible.

Il, li, signify an ilation and extension of the sun’s rays, so as

to cause light, with its returns, effects, or lights below; and all

intentional qualities, and emblematically intelligence as proceeding

from the divine censory, as in îl-ation, îl-um-ine, ho-îl the sun or the

glorious light, h-îl, its flowing rays and the human race, li-ght, li-u

or colou-r, li-ke, or the action of light, îl-ustrate. Ul, lu, signify

the return or spring of the human light as extended by male and female

in their rays and race, and in a more compounded manner than li, as in

v-ul-tus or visage, r-ule or the light, lu a family.

Ol, lo, signify _all_ or place, or space extended, and the circle of

motion, as in oll or all, b-oll or ball, lo-cus place lo-st.

Am, em, ma, me. These express the existence, forms, and modes of man,

earth, and water, as material beings, as in, am, the about or existences,

am-bit, am-ple, mam, mater or mother, ma-es a field, ma-ith and ma-int,

quantity, size, and extensiveness.

Im, mi, are expressive of man’s present existence or state in this world,

with respect to his superior and more excellent qualities, than his

animal state, as in im-agination, im-mense, im-mortal, im-pulse, im-pio

to shoot upwards, im-adel to depart, mi, me, mi-di-le, me in the divided

place, that is, the line betwixt his superior and inferior beings, myn or

mi-in, by my life.

Um, mu, signify man’s spring of enlarging himself in his present state,

and at last, through death, of returning to an immortal one, as in

um-pire, h-um-an, h-um-ble, n-um-erous, mu-te, d-um-b, mu-af, the

greatest, mu-ch, mu-l-tiply, mum, mu-my, mu-se.

Om, mo, signify all forms, modes, and species, as in om-in-is all in the

lower parts, ombredd or abundance, omnific, mo-on, mo-ns or mo-untain,

mo-r the sea, mo-ral, mo-re.

An, en, na, ne. These signify the existence of earth and water or matter,

and the negative, as in an-y, the earth in, an-au, natural growth, en the

firmament, en-d, en-crease, na no matter, ne-b, nobody, or being, ne-st.

In, ni, are affirmative of existence and non existences, generally as,

in, include, in-carnation, ni or not, ni-d-ulation, ni-ght, ni-m.

Un, nu, as in and ni are affirmations, relative to man, spirits, beings

and things unseen, as, un, one or the uni-verse, un-ite, un-i-versal,

un-i-form, nu-gacity, nu-de, nun or nu-un.

Ap, ep, af, ef, pa, pe, pha, phe. These are the divisors of T, signifying

the extension of this system, into parts of earth and water, or material

substances and things, as, ap, from, ap-erture, pa what part, pe-th or

pa-rt, ep, ef, or eph, privatives and used as terminations as parts of

water, as are op and oph; it being absurd to suppose O all to be a part,

or ip, up, or ub, which imply no extension and are springs upwards, to be

divisible. See the Postscript.

Ar, er, ra, re, signify earth and water or matter, as in ar-able, ac-ar,

bran-ar, fallow-land, e-ar-th, or the elements of both earth and water,

ab-er, running water or harbour, go-er, a rivulet or shore, ra-bet,

ra-ble, er-uption, re-turn, re-flow, re-nt.

Ir, ri, are the sun beams or rays, heat and fire; also heighth, length,

distance, and direct motion, as in ir-a or ir-e, f-ir-e, h-ir or length,

ri heighth, ri-ght, ri-fe, pelyd-ir the rays of the sun.

Ur, ru, signify man inclusive of all his energies, springs, and superior

qualities, as ur-tue or virtue, t-ru-th, ur-th, worth or value, ur-d or

word, ur-dd, hon-ur, or honour, ur-ship or worship, ru-in-wedd, divine

property, ru-ler, rue.

Or, ro, are the circle of extension, place and distance from the line

of possession, as in b-or-der, or, a circle, f-or the things within the

borders of possession, or-der, or from, or-b, ro-me, from me, round.

As, es, is, os, us, sa, se, si, so, su. These are expressive of earth and

water, men and things seen and sounded, the earth’s surface, the place of

rest or lowest place; sound and sight in general, as is and si; os and so

a greater extension thereof; us and iu, the human, sweet, or persuasive

sound or person.

At, et, ath, eth, ta, te, tha, the. These express entities, properties,

extensions, possessions, and limits of earth and water, and other things

under the sky, as in at, ath-wart, et-ernal, eth-icks, ta-me, ta-n or

fire, ta-acs or tax, te-rm, te-mpest, te-mple, te-mion, tha-n, tha-t,

the, the-m, the-re, the-nce, the-ory.

It, ith, ti or ty, thy. These are expressive of entities, properties,

extensions, and existences in general under the firmament, as it, ith or

thine, time, thi-ef, thy, thing, thi-s, ti-ll, it-in-e-rant.

Ut, uth, tu, thu, are the return, spring or extension of man and things

in growth, generation, and volition by labor, industry, and wisdom, as

in ut as, ut-most, ut-erus, ut-ility, ut-terly, mo-uth, tu or thou,

aber-thu, to sacrifice, tu a house or possessions, tu-tor, tu-g. Ot,

oth, to, tho, are the circle and extent of possessions, properties,

motions, and things, as in hot, oth, from thy possession, to, top, to-il,

to-parch, tho, tho-rough, tho-ught.

Ou is woe or a man out of the circle of life; and UU or w is the spring

of springs.

Of those sorts of names are formed the more complex, such as those

names, phrases, or propositions called words merely by a combination

of the proper sorts, either with or without an elision of consonants.

In the latter case, the less expressive, valuable, or necessary may

be cut off when two vowels occur in composition, as its consonant

will in some measure preserve its sound in company with a more worthy

vowel; and all active radical vowels ought to be dropped in the names

of substances and things, as appears by the following examples, viz.

blackish or b-li-ack-ish, _a thing without light_; blessedness or

bi-il-ess-ed-in-ess, _life flowing down upon the world_; brutish,

or ab-ru-ti-ish, _he is from the property of truth_; clamorous or

ac-al-am-or-us, _a great calling action about us_; cliverly, or

ci-liv-erly, _like the water clan_; creating or ac-ci-ir-at-ing,

_the chief or first motion to extension and action_; crocodile or

ac-ir-oc-o-di-il, _an angry acting, deceitful water animal_; dread or

id-ir-ad, _at the fire_; flow or af-il-ow, _a spring of the rays of the

sun_; frost or af-oer-st, _the lower parts at a stand from the cold_; and

cold is from ac-ol-id _to be without sun_; glorifying or ag-lo-ri-fying,

_the doing of an high action in an extensive place_; gnaw or ag-in-w,

_the acting in of an animal_; grass or ag-ar-as, _the action upon the

ground_; place or p-la-ce, _a part of the earth’s_ extension; property or

pe-or-pe-er-ty, _entity or possession of the parts of land and water or

of this globe_; scull or si-cau-al, _the sight shut_; sky or is-kay, _the

covering of below_; slack or is-al-ack, _a low or slow action_; small or

is-am-il, _the rays of the sun about below_; snail or si-in-na-il, _it

is in without light_; speak or si-pe-ak, _the action of the sound part_;

spy or si-pe-y, _the seeing thing_; star or sta-ir, _the standing fires_;

trace or tir-race, _the land race_; and race or ir-ace, is a _long

action_.