Vegetables, Salads, Desserts
"After soup and meat I suppose we have dessert," said Dolly, as she hung
up her dish-washing apron.
"No, indeed; after soup we have vegetables with the meat, and sometimes
salad next, before we come to the dessert. I think those things are
difficult to manage, too, especially the vegetables; so sharpen up your
wits and let us finish up dinners as soon as possible. I seem to see so
much ahead all the time that I am in a constant hurry; there are
breakfasts and luncheons, preserves, and entertaining, not to mention
about forty more things, each one more interesting than the last. So
hurry!"
"Begin," said Dolly, finding her pencil; "I'm all attention."
"Suppose we take up the subject of potatoes, then, because those come
oftenest on the table. Potatoes are one of the extravagances of the
housekeeper, strange as it may seem at first sight. To have them twice a
day, to peel them carelessly and throw away about a quarter of each
potato, and to buy them by the small basketful in the first place, are
all distinctly wasteful. If you live where you can do it, Dolly, always
buy them in good measure, a half-barrel at a time, let us say, when you
find they are rather cheap, as they are in the fall; then toward the end
of winter, when they grow dearer all the time, do not have them right
along. I would not have them for luncheon at all, if I were you; I never
have them then; and at night have boiled rice twice a week with the
meat, choosing the time by the kind you have, for some things are better
with rice than others."
"Chicken goes well with it."
"Yes, and lamb stew, and in general meats with gravy. Then once a week
have macaroni in place of potatoes, and vary the way you cook it; at one
time have cheese and the next time tomatoes. You can put in about a
quarter of a can of those, and use the rest in other ways; perhaps put a
second quarter of the can into a beef stew and still have a half-can for
one night's vegetable. Then remember when you are cooking potatoes that
it is a time-saving plan to boil enough for two meals, or even more. You
can mash the first supply, because they must be freshly cooked for that;
but make more than you need, and the second time you can make
potato-cakes of the left-overs of those; the third time you can cream
what are still plain boiled. By the way, sometimes cut or chop these
potatoes quite fine, and after creaming them put crumbs on top and bake
them; that is a good change. Of course you can scallop the second
supply, too, or chop and brown them, or serve in any one of a dozen
ways; look those things all up, so you will not get into a rut. So many
women seem to know only two ways of cooking potatoes, for they always
serve them either boiled or mashed. And, Dolly, when you have a maid to
peel your potatoes for you, do try and teach her to cut the peel thin;
she will possess an inveterate determination to cut it thick, and it
will probably be a lifelong battle to teach her to do your way, but your
duty will be to persevere just the same. If she will not learn, at least
you can have her boil the potatoes whole first and scrape off the peel
afterwards; that will save them in spite of her.
"As to the other vegetables, I think we ought to add another dinner rule
to those I laid down when we were on that subject, and that is this: Buy
only the vegetables that are in season. You know that all winter long
city people can have spinach and string-beans and eggplant and such
things, because they come from the South, and also because many of them
can be kept in cold storage,--eggplant for one. But these are always
expensive. You must resolutely turn your back on them when you market;
you cannot have them at all."
"We have to have canned things, I suppose," said Dolly, writing down the
statement immediately, with conscious pride in her knowledge.
"Canned! Not at all. Canned vegetables are far too costly for you; like
everything else, they have risen in price. You must use them very
carefully indeed, and for every-day use you must depend on old-fashioned
winter things, parsnips and turnips and beets and onions; really, if you
cook them in nice new ways they are very good, too, and you will not
mind at all."
"I don't believe there are any new ways."
"Indeed there are; I can't stop to tell you many of them, but here are
just a few ideas. Cook parsnips a long time, season and slice them, and
put them in the double boiler with a little butter and let them smother;
brown them a little at the end in the frying-pan, and you will find them
really delicious. Or, cook them soft, add salt and pepper, and make them
into little cakes and fry them brown. Never boil, slice and fry them, as
we once did; they are frightfully indigestible so.
"Turnips you can steam, dice and cream alone, or better, mix them with a
few peas and diced carrots and serve them around meat. You can get a
pint or so of dried peas and soak them up as you need them, to avoid
opening a can each time.
"A delightful company way of serving turnips is this: boil or steam them
whole and scrape them; scoop out the tops till you have a little white
cup of each one, and cut a slice from the bottom, to make it stand
evenly; put butter, salt, and pepper in each and fill with drained and
seasoned canned peas. You can't think how pretty they are; you can have
those with mutton or lamb. The inside bits you mix with the carrots the
next night, as I told you.
"Speaking of carrots, they are considered one of the most wholesome of
vegetables, because they are full of iron; so have them often. Just boil
them, cut them up and cream them, or drain them dry and put a little
butter on them if you are short of milk; they are especially good with
Hamburg steak or beef in any shape.
"Beets you boil, scrape and dice and put in a very little white sauce;
any left over make a good milk soup the second night. Or, for company
you fix them exactly as you did the turnips; make them into cups and
fill them with peas. I am not sure which is the prettier dish.
"Onions you have once in awhile for a change; they are certainly good
for you, and they need not be odoriferous. Cut them up and simmer them
in just enough water to cover them, adding a bit of soda. Drain
them,--and, by the way, do not 'throw away the water,' as cook-books
say, but save it for soup; put the onions in a baking-dish with white
sauce and crumbs and bake them. I think with a dinner ending with black
coffee no one will suspect you of having eaten them. If ever you find
any especially large onions in market, or can pick out several from the
quart of the ordinary kind, boil these whole, and when they are soft
take out the middle part and fill them with bread crumbs and bake them,
basting them occasionally.
"Salsify or oyster-plant is really an extremely good vegetable if only
it is well cooked, which it isn't, as a general thing. Try this way:
simmer it till it is very tender indeed; take it up and drain it and
scrape it well. Then cut off the little end and also the top, so that
what is left is like a croquette in shape; of course the rest can go in
soup, so it will not be lost. Dip each piece in crumbs, then in egg,
then in crumbs, exactly as you do croquettes, and let them dry; fry in
deep fat in a wire basket, and you will be astonished to see what a nice
new dish you have.
"As to cabbage, there you have a real treasure. If every woman could
only cook it in the hygienic way she would find she had one of the
greatest helps in winter. It is so cheap, so good, and so easily
digested when it is right that it is a pity every one does not know how
to do it. You cut the cabbage up in quarters and take out the core; the
four pieces you put in a pot of hard-boiling water, dropping in one at a
time gently, so as not to stop the boiling. Then put in a small plate or
anything to keep it under water, a piece of soda as large as the end of
your little finger, and some salt, and boil as hard as you can for
twenty-five minutes, being careful to keep the pot uncovered."
"Think of the horrid odor, Mary! It would just fill the house."
"That is exactly what it would not do, my dear. If you cover the pot,
the cabbage will make itself known at once, but if you boil it hard and
keep it uncovered, it will not; if you don't believe me, try for
yourself. At the end of the time take it up and press the water out in
the colander and cut it up. Put it in a hot dish and cover with white
sauce; and then bless your kind sister who taught you how to make one of
the best things you ever ate.
"Now the canned things come next. There, as I said, you must economize,
and the best way to do that aside from buying few of them, is to always
make two meals of each canful. That is not difficult to do with a small
family. For instance, when you have tomatoes, serve half stewed down
with bits of toast in them; the next time scallop what is left with
crumbs, to help out. Canned corn you also divide, having two-thirds as
it is, drained and freshly creamed, of course, with lots of seasoning;
and the next night you have the left-over third in corn fritters. By the
way, Dolly, try the grated corn; it is better than the other kind, and
you can have another change by sometimes serving the first part in a
baked corn custard. If you use the ordinary kind, you will also make one
can go farther by adding some beans and serving it as succotash.
"Canned peas are one of the most useful things for an emergency, for
they can be combined with so many other things; with croquettes they are
delicious, and with sliced meat. Just reheat the meat and have a circle
of creamed peas around it on the platter. And with salmon, too, they are
invaluable. However, be careful in buying them, for they are not cheap,
and remember to buy small American peas, not French ones, even for
company. Canned string-beans are good for some things, but you do not
need them as a vegetable; I'll come to those later on. Asparagus is out
of court entirely, for it's too expensive for us.
"As to dried things, by all means invest in dried beans of all kinds;
most of them you will use for soups, but Lima beans are excellent as a
vegetable. Soak them with a bit of soda, to bring back their color, and
then season well. I believe always in adding a bit of onion to the water
I soak them in, for it brings out the flavor; and then add white sauce
or butter, as usual. I suppose few people ever bake Lima beans, but they
are very good, especially for a change. In winter, Dolly, have plenty of
baked beans for luncheon, the ordinary kind and the Limas, and once in
awhile pretend to live in Boston and have a big dish of nice crisply
browned beans, with a bit of pork in them, for Saturday night's dinner,
in place of meat."
"All right, I will. But if you have come to a stopping-place, may I
speak? Tell me this: are we never to have any green things, celery or
lettuce, for instance?"
"Celery you must watch for, and when you find it is cheap, as sometimes
you may,--for small bunches often look rusty and go for a little when
they are still useful,--then buy some. Open it and take out the best
parts for dinner as they are; scrape the outside pieces and cut them up;
stew them and bake in a white sauce. You can put a little grated cheese
over the top with the crumbs if you choose; it makes a good dish that
way. And as to lettuce, that turns me to salads.
"You know how strongly I believe in having a nice fresh green salad,
with a light dressing of oil, for dinner every single day; it is a real
hardship that people who must live on a little cannot have it right
along, but they cannot. Once in awhile in winter you will find what
grocers call 'seconds' in market; that is, lettuce which has had its
outer leaves pulled off because they are withered. Those little round
heads sell for a small sum, often five cents or less; one of them is
plenty for two people, so buy whenever you can. You can omit the soup
that night; begin with a heavy meat, such as pot-roast or corned beef,
have the salad next, and then dessert. Or, here is another way I like
still better: have the soup and meat and vegetables as usual, with the
salad next, served with crackers and cheese, and have no dessert at all,
simply coffee last. We often do that way.
"Besides lettuce, however, you can frequently find watercress in market
for five cents a head, and often chicory; both those are good for dinner
salads. And shredded cabbage mixed with nuts is good, and of course
celery. As to the oil, there is an economy you must practise. Never buy
bottled oil; it is frightfully dear and too often it is not fresh.
Besides, the so-called quart bottles hold only a pint by actual
measurement. Always go to an Italian grocery and get the oil that comes
in tins, at about sixty cents a real quart; that is pure and fresh and
does not turn rancid, no matter how long you keep it, because it is not
exposed to the light. One tin will last a long time, so it is not
expensive. Anyway, you buy that out of the box on the mantel, as it is a
staple."
"So we can have only plain salads, and those occasionally," mourned
Dolly. "And I simply dote on grapefruit salad for dinner."
"Watch your market, then. Once in awhile you can buy a grapefruit for
about seven cents; get it by all means, and a little head of lettuce,
and have it; only remember to make up for your extravagance by having a
cheap meat twice over. And sometimes you can have orange salad in the
same way; get one or two oranges, cut them in thick slices, and serve
with French dressing. You don't need lettuce for that."
"Good! That's an idea that suits me, and I will cheerfully sacrifice
dessert to have either kind. Is that the end of salads?"
"Not quite. You can have canned string-beans sometimes, very cold, with
French dressing, either as they are or on lettuce. And of course
escarole and romaine and anything else you find that is cheap; sometimes
in a city market one of them will be. And in the spring you can have
nice little dandelion leaves and spinach and garden lettuce, and such
things. And in summer--in summer, Dolly, you can simply revel in salads.
Then I should dispense with soup for dinner and have one every single
day; sometimes twice a day. There's nothing more wholesome in the whole
range of eatables, and nothing which requires so little preparation.
There are a thousand things to have in summer; study them up by all
means."
"I suppose you do not have salads with mayonnaise for dinner, or you
would speak of salmon and chicken salad and all those things."
"No, those are for luncheon and we will take them up then. I think that
is the end of the dinner salads."
"Now for desserts," said Dolly, cheerfully. "Those are the best of all.
I really and truly know how to make some of those, too. You remember,
Mary, I began to take cooking lessons once, and got in three, all on
desserts, and then I went off visiting and never finished the course.
But I did learn how to make bomb glacé, and marrons with whipped cream,
and a perfectly delicious sort of iced pudding that I know Fred will
just love, if only I have not forgotten all about them!"
"Well, suppose we begin with some of the plainer things," laughed her
sister; "rice pudding for one."
"Oh, I forgot," Dolly groaned. "Yes, I suppose we must have rice pudding
and bread pudding and corn-starch pudding and tapioca pudding in a
pleasing round, and when we have completed the circle we begin and have
them all over again. I hate them all!"
"You are tolerably certain to have them, at one time or another, but I
would not have them in rotation, and I would dress them up so as to
change them whenever I could. But before we go into details, let me tell
you one important thing: that is, that in making desserts you must be
extra careful, for most of them take eggs and butter and sugar and
possibly a good many other things that cost money, especially in winter
time. You must have simple desserts, made from apples when they are
cheap, and rice, and as you suggest, tapioca and corn-starch at times.
In summer, of course, you can have fruit, and if you live in the country
there are lots of good things to make out of milk and cream, especially
cream. But in town, be on your guard. Have the plain things, but
disguise them so they will seem new.
"Bread pudding can be varied in ever so many ways. One day you can put
raisins in; another you can put in home-made orange peel or orange
marmalade; still another, put dates in it or chocolate. A little
something different is very nice, and a man will never know that, after
all, he is eating bread pudding each time.
"So with corn-starch pudding; you can have infinite variety there.
Always make it soft, never stiff, Dolly, look out for that; and one day
put in a little chocolate, and another a few chopped nuts with a dash of
almond flavoring, and a third mix the milk with as much coffee; or add
orange juice or lemon. Always change the flavor, and you will not tire
of the basis. I find the best way to serve those things is in glasses,
too, not on plates; they go a great deal farther, for one ordinary
portion will serve two people easily. Then, too, a plain cold pudding
seems nicer and more appetizing served in little glasses or glass cups,
so it pays.
"Tapioca is good for a cold night's dinner. Try the instantaneous kind,
and you will find it turns out a sort of hot jelly, and very good. In
that you can have clear coffee once, and apples or oranges at other
times, and any sort of canned fruits you have left over; and as it takes
no eggs and no butter, just like corn-starch pudding, it is particularly
cheap.
"As to rice pudding, cook one tablespoonful of rice in one pint of milk
with one tablespoonful of sugar; put it in a baking-dish and put it in a
moderate oven in the morning for an hour or more, and as a crust forms
on top, turn it underneath and the bottom part up, and repeat till the
whole is soft and creamy and pale brown; then let the top brown. Put in
raisins or chopped dates, and eat it very cold, and you will think you
have found something deserving a fancy French name, it is so good, and
different from plain rice pudding as one usually gets it. Orange
marmalade, too, is very nice on cold rice pudding.
"When apples are cheap try apple porcupine. Peel and core and bake the
apples, and when they are cold stick them full of strips of blanched
almonds; five cents' worth will be enough for six apples. If you serve
them covered with a nice glaze of sugar and water syrup made by basting
them as they cook, you will not need cream with them, though it is nice,
too.
"Junket takes only milk and sugar, but you must dress it up well when
you have it. I mean if you have one little pot of preserved ginger in
your closet for use at such times, put the junket in glasses to set, and
serve with the ginger cut in little cubes on top and a bit of juice with
it. One pot of ginger costs only fifteen cents and keeps forever. So I
would get it occasionally; or, make some for yourself from the root, in
the fall.
"As to pies, in winter I have them rather often, but I make them as the
English do, in a baking-dish with an upper crust only. I take a small
can of fruit which I have put up on purpose, perhaps blueberries or
cherries or plums, and fill the dish; then I add sugar, and a sprinkling
of flour, put on the crust and bake it, and serve it almost or quite
cold. That is a wholesome dessert and one a man is certain to approve
of. Apple tart is very good, too, and of course peach or apricot tart
are best of all, if you can get these fruits cheaply, as you sometimes
can in September.
"Gelatine things are economical, because with them you do not need
butter or eggs. Any sort of cooked fruit, such as prunes or canned
fruits, needs only to be set with gelatine in a pretty mould and served
with the fruit juice, or cream if you have it. In a city you can't have
it often, but luckily people who own cows may; I only hope they
appreciate their blessings as they should.
"Then try French pancakes; sometimes you will have griddle cakes for
breakfast. Save a little batter and for dinner make four cakes for two
people, because two will be called for apiece. While they are hot spread
them with jam or jelly, roll them up and cover thickly with mixed sugar
and cinnamon.
"Shortcakes in summer are an unfailing delight; have them with
strawberries and raspberries and peaches. In winter you can make a
rather thin layer of shortcake, split it open while it is warm, spread
it with a little butter and sugar, and put jam inside or rich preserves
and serve a little boiled custard with it. All these things, you see,
take only a short time to make, as well as few costly ingredients. I
don't think it good policy for people who are trying to economize to put
much time or money on desserts. Indeed, if I could I believe I would
always have fruit; but in town it is too expensive, except occasionally.
Sometimes I do have baked bananas; those are cheap, certainly, and
good, too; and when I find some good and cheap oranges I have two for
dessert and possibly save a little elsewhere. One orange sliced with two
bananas goes a long way, too."
"And no ices or ice-creams, Mary! Are we never to have those?"
"Of course--I forgot them. In winter I put out a small pail of water at
night and freeze it; the next day I make an ice or sherbet from some
simple thing, such as part of a can of pineapple, or a lemon or orange,
and freeze it. This costs almost nothing at all, especially as I save
the salt and dry it for next time. For creams I get the ice in the same
way when I can, and either make a mousse and put it in the fireless
stove, or make a cheap boiled custard and freeze that, adding a few
dried and rolled macaroons to enrich it, or even a few dried crumbs of
Boston brown-bread, which, strange to say, look and taste much the same.
Of course you must not deliberately buy ingredients for ice-cream except
for company, but an ice you can have whenever you choose. Then in
summer, if you can get ice cheaply, you can have fruits made into
sherbet or frozen as they are. I think frozen peaches are perfectly
delicious."
"So they are, and three peaches with sugar enough to sweeten them ought
not to cost much, surely, nor would frozen watermelon."
"Speaking of that, reminds me of something I had last summer which was
cheap and good, which you might put down. I had some watermelon on hand
which had lost its freshness; indeed, it was not fit to put on the table
as it was, but my conscience would not let me throw it away. I just
chopped it up, sweetened it with a little sugar and water syrup,
flavored it with a dash of cooking-sherry, and froze it, and it came out
one of the best sherbets I ever ate in my life."
"It does sound good. I'll write that down; and we can have lots of
melons for dessert in the autumn, just as they are."
"Yes, indeed; have all the fruit you can when it is cheap. You can serve
it in so many ways that you can never tire of it. That suggests
something else, too,--nuts. You have no idea, Dolly, how nuts help out
in winter. When you have no time to make dessert, or nothing in the
house to make it of, try serving nuts and a few raisins with the coffee
for a final course, and you will be surprised to see the rapture which
Fred will show. Men always like nuts, and if you are careful not to have
them after a heavy dinner of corned beef or such things, they are not
unwholesome. Of course you must not have many; just a few with the black
coffee. Keep them for emergencies, too, and do not have them too often,
or they may pall, which would be a pity, for a dessert of nuts, raisins,
and coffee will often cover a multitude of deficiencies in the dinner."
"Good; and I must put down not to have anything made with eggs or butter
or cream, so I won't forget your words of wisdom about those."
"Don't put down a 'never,' only a 'seldom,' then. I do have things made
with whipped cream sometimes, for a bottle holding a quarter of a pint
costs ten or twelve cents, and judiciously used makes two desserts, in
part at least, so once in awhile I indulge in it. Half a box of red
raspberries, served in two glasses, with a big spoonful of whipped cream
on top of each, is ever so good. And just a little cream on a small open
shell of pie-crust filled with preserved fruit, makes it what the late
Delia used to call 'a stylish dish.' No, don't entirely bar out all
expensive ingredients, Dolly; sometimes you can have some of them in
homoeopathic quantities. A few lady-fingers, split in halves and cut
across, laid in two glasses with a spoonful of flavored cream on top,
make a good dessert, especially if there is a bit of jam tucked
underneath the cream. And after all, the lady-fingers cost only two
cents and the cream five or six,--so you see."
"I see," said Dolly. "And eggs, now; may I ever make desserts with
them?"
"Certainly, in the spring you can have them in a custard often; and a
little sweet omelette made with jam is a delightful finish to a dinner,
and it takes only two eggs to make it."
"Then how am I to know what to do? No, don't tell me, for I know myself.
I use my common sense."
"Exactly. Keep your eyes and ears open when you go to market, and buy
things in season and cheaply, and have whatever you can afford. It would
be too ridiculous to have rice puddings when strawberries were cheaper,
or corn-starch, when you could have sherbet or some other delicacy. Just
'use your common sense,' and you will be safe. And this finishes
Dinners, at last, and with a good motto for your book to head the
chapter as well as to close it."