Tests and measurements of products. Earlier standards based on
opinion. Objective and exact standards. Beginnings of the movement.
Handwriting scales. Speed as a correlate of quality. Standards,
personal and impersonal. Social standards versus imposed standards.
Comparison through exact measurement. Records as a basis of
standardization. Studies of oral reading. Studies dealing with
other subjects. Mechanical aspects the first to be standardized.
Standardization and the science of education. Exercises and readings.