Transition to problems of internal organization. Economy a first
motive for grouping. Social influence an important motive. Grouping
in the one-room school. Courses of instruction in relation to the
problem of grouping. New problems of grouping in large schools.
Fundamentally different views on the curriculum. The ungraded class in
graded schools. Cases where failures show the urgency of the grading
problem. Efforts to adjust instruction to pupils. Readjustments of the
curriculum. Problems of grouping in high school. Illegitimate reasons
for promoting pupils. Experiments and studies which aim to supply
both individual instruction and class instruction. Arrangement of the
materials of instruction. Exercises and readings.