Long ago there ruled over the Danes a king called Hrothgar. He gained
success and glory in war, so that his loyal kinsmen willingly obeyed
him, and everything prospered in his land.
One day it came into his mind that he would build a princely
banquet-hall, where he might entertain both the young and old of his
kingdom; and he had the work widely made known to many a tribe over the
earth, so that they might bring rich gifts to beautify the hall.
In course of time the banquet-house was built and towered aloft, high
and battlemented. Then Hrothgar gave it the name of Heorot, and called
his guests to the banquet, and gave them gifts of rings and other
treasures; and afterwards every day the joyous sound of revelry rang
loud in the hall, with the music of the harp and the clear notes of the
singers.
But it was not long before the pleasure of the king's men was broken,
for a wicked demon began to work mischief against them. This cruel
spirit was called Grendel, and he dwelt on the moors and among the fens.
One night he came to Heorot when the noble guests lay at rest after the
feast, and seizing thirty thanes as they slept, set off on his homeward
journey, exulting in his booty.
At break of day his deed was known to all men, and great was the grief
among the thanes. The good King Hrothgar also sat in sorrow, suffering
heavy distress for the death of his warriors.
Not long afterwards Grendel again appeared, and wrought a yet worse deed
of murder. After that the warriors no longer dared to sleep at Heorot,
but sought out secret resting-places, leaving the great house empty.
A long time passed. For the space of twelve winters Grendel waged a
perpetual feud against Hrothgar and his people; the livelong night he
roamed over the misty moors, visiting Heorot, and destroying both the
tried warriors and the young men whenever he was able. Hrothgar was
broken-hearted, and many were the councils held in secret to deliberate
what it were best to do against these fearful terrors; but nothing
availed to stop the fiend's ravages.
Now the tale of Grendel's deeds went forth into many lands; and amongst
those who heard of it were the Geats, whose king was Higelac. Chief of
his thanes was a noble and powerful warrior named Beowulf, who resolved
to go to the help of the Danes. He bade his men make ready a good
sea-boat, that he might go across the wild swan's path to seek out
Hrothgar and aid him; and his people encouraged him to go on that
dangerous errand even though he was dear to them.
So Beowulf chose fourteen of his keenest warriors, and sailed away over
the waves in his well-equipped vessel, till he came within sight of the
cliffs and mountains of Hrothgar's kingdom. The Danish warder, who kept
guard over the coast, saw them as they were making their ship fast and
carrying their bright weapons on shore. So he mounted his horse and rode
to meet them, bearing in his hand his staff of office; and he questioned
them closely as to whence they came and what their business was.
Then Beowulf explained their errand, and the warder, when he had heard
it, bade them pass onwards, bearing their weapons, and gave orders that
their ship should be safely guarded.
Soon they came within sight of the fair palace Heorot, and the warder
showed them the way to Hrothgar's court, and then bade them farewell,
and returned to keep watch upon the coast.
Then the bold thanes marched forward to Heorot, their armor and their
weapons glittering as they went. Entering the hall, they set their
shields and bucklers against the walls, placed their spears upright in a
sheaf together, and sat down on the benches, weary with their seafaring.
Then a proud liegeman of Hrothgar's stepped forward and asked:
"Whence bring ye your shields, your gray war-shirts and frowning
helmets, and this sheaf of spears? Never saw I men of more valiant
aspect."
"We are Higelac's boon companions," answered Beowulf. "Beowulf is my
name, and I desire to declare my errand to the great prince, thy lord,
if he will grant us leave to approach him."
So Wulfgar, another of Hrothgar's chieftains, went out to the king where
he sat with the assembly of his earls and told him of the arrival of the
strangers, and Hrothgar received the news with joy, for he had known
Beowulf when he was a boy, and had heard of his fame as a warrior.
Therefore he bade Wulfgar bring him to his presence, and soon Beowulf
stood before him and cried:
"Hail to thee, Hrothgar! I have heard the tale of Grendel, and my
people, who know my strength and prowess, have counseled me to seek thee
out. For I have wrought great deeds in the past, and now I shall do
battle against this monster. Men say that so thick is his tawny hide
that no weapon can injure him. I therefore disdain to carry sword or
shield into the combat, but will fight with the strength of my arm only,
and either I will conquer the fiend or he will bear away my dead body to
the moor. Send to Higelac, if I fall in the fight, my beautiful
breastplate. I have no fear of death, for Destiny must ever be obeyed."
Then Hrothgar told Beowulf of the great sorrow caused to him by
Grendel's terrible deeds, and of the failure of all the attempts that
had been made by the warriors to overcome him; and afterwards he bade
him sit down with his followers to partake of a meal.
So a bench was cleared for the Geats, and a thane waited upon them, and
all the noble warriors gathered together, and a great feast was held
once more in Heorot with song and revelry. Waltheow, Hrothgar's queen,
came forth also, and handed the wine-cup to each of the thanes, pledging
the king in joyful mood and thanking Beowulf for his offer of help.
At last all the company arose to go to rest; and Hrothgar entrusted the
guardianship of Heorot to Beowulf with cheering words, and so bade him
good night. Then all left the hall, save only a watch appointed by
Hrothgar, and Beowulf himself with his followers, who laid themselves
down to rest.
No long time passed before Grendel came prowling from his home on the
moors under the misty slopes. Full of his evil purpose, he burst with
fury into the hall and strode forward raging, a hideous, fiery light
gleaming from his eyes. In the hall lay the warriors asleep, and Grendel
laughed in his heart as he gazed at them, thinking to feast upon them
all. Quickly he seized a sleeping warrior and devoured him; then,
stepping forward, he reached out his hand towards Beowulf as he lay at
rest.
But the hero was ready for him, and seized his arm in a deadly grip such
as Grendel had never felt before. Terror arose in the monster's heart,
and his mind was bent on flight; but he could not get away.
Then Beowulf stood upright and grappled with him firmly, and the two
rocked to and fro in the struggle, knocking over benches and shaking the
hall with the violence of their fight. Suddenly a new and terrible cry
arose, the cry of Grendel in fear and pain, for never once did Beowulf
relax his hold upon him. Then many of Beowulf's earls drew their swords
and rushed to aid their master; but no blade could pierce him and
nothing but Beowulf's mighty strength could prevail.
At last the monster's arm was torn off at the shoulder, and sick unto
death, he fled to the fens, there to end his joyless life. Then Beowulf
rejoiced at his night's work, wherein he had freed Heorot forever from
the fiend's ravages.
Now on the morrow the warriors flocked to the hall; and when they heard
what had taken place, they went out and followed Grendel's tracks to a
mere upon the moors, into which he had plunged and given up his life.
Then, sure of his death, they returned rejoicing to Heorot, talking of
Beowulf's glorious deed; and there they found the king and queen and a
great company of people awaiting them.
And now there was great rejoicing and happiness. Fair and gracious were
the thanks that Hrothgar gave to Beowulf, and great was the feast
prepared in Heorot. Cloths embroidered with gold were hung along the
walls and the hall was decked in every possible way.
When all were seated at the feast, Hrothgar bade the attendants bring
forth his gifts to Beowulf as a reward of victory. He gave him an
embroidered banner, a helmet and breastplate, and a valuable sword, all
adorned with gold and richly ornamented. Also he gave orders to the
servants to bring into the court eight horses, on one of which was a
curiously adorned and very precious saddle, which the king was wont to
use himself when he rode to practice the sword-game. These also he gave
to Beowulf, thus like a true man requiting his valiant deeds with horses
and other precious gifts. He bestowed treasures also on each of
Beowulf's followers and gave orders that a price should be paid in gold
for the man whom the wicked Grendel had slain.
After this there arose within the hall the din of voices and the sound
of song; the instruments also were brought out and Hrothgar's minstrel
sang a ballad for the delight of the warriors. Waltheow too came forth,
bearing in her train presents for Beowulf--a cup, two armlets, raiment
and rings, and the largest and richest collar that could be found in all
the world.
Now when evening came Hrothgar departed to his rest, and the warriors
cleared the hall and lay down to sleep once more, with their shields and
armor beside them as was their custom. But Beowulf was not with them,
for another resting-place had been assigned to him that night, for all
thought that there was now no longer any danger to be feared.
But in this they were mistaken, as they soon learnt to their cost. For
no sooner were they all asleep than Grendel's mother, a monstrous witch
who dwelt at the bottom of a cold mere, came to Heorot to avenge her son
and burst into the hall. The thanes started up in terror, hastily
grasping their swords; but she seized upon Asher, the most beloved of
Hrothgar's warriors, who still lay sleeping, and bore him off with her
to the fens, carrying also with her Grendel's arm, which lay at one end
of the hall.
Then there arose an uproar and the sound of mourning in Heorot. In
fierce and gloomy mood Hrothgar summoned Beowulf and told him the
ghastly tale, begging him, if he dared, to go forth to seek out the
monster and destroy it.
Full of courage, Beowulf answered with cheerful words, promising that
Grendel's mother should not escape him; and soon he was riding forth
fully equipped on his quest, accompanied by Hrothgar and many a good
warrior. They were able to follow the witch's tracks right through the
forest glades and across the gloomy moor, till they came to a spot where
some mountain trees bent over a hoar rock, beneath which lay a dreary
and troubled lake; and there beside the water's edge lay the head of
Asher, and they knew that the witch must be at the bottom of the water.
Full of grief, the warriors sat down, while Beowulf arrayed himself in
his cunningly fashioned coat of mail and his richly ornamented helmet.
Then he turned to Hrothgar and spoke a last word to him.
"If the fight go against me, great chieftain, be thou a guardian to my
thanes, my kinsmen and my trusty comrades; and send thou to Higelac
those treasures that thou gavest me, that he may know thy kindness to
me. Now will I earn glory for myself, or death shall take me away."
So saying, he plunged into the gloomy lake, at the bottom of which was
Grendel's mother. Very soon she perceived his approach, and rushing
forth, grappled with him and dragged him down to her den, where many
horrible sea-beasts joined in the fight against him. This den was so
fashioned that the water could not enter it, and it was lit by the light
of a fire that shone brightly in the midst of it.
And now Beowulf drew his sword and thrust at his terrible foe; but the
weapon could not injure her, and he was forced to fling it away and
trust in the powerful grip of his arms as he had done with Grendel.
Seizing the witch, he shook her till she sank down on the ground; but
she quickly rose again and requited him with a terrible hand-clutch,
which caused Beowulf to stagger and then fall. Throwing herself upon
him, she seized a dagger to strike him; but he wrenched himself free and
once more stood upright.
Then he suddenly perceived an ancient sword hanging upon the wall of the
den, and seized it as a last resource. Fierce and savage, but well-nigh
hopeless, he struck the monster heavily upon the neck with it. Then, to
his joy, the blade pierced right through her body and she sank down
dying.
At that moment the flames of the fire leapt up, throwing a brilliant
light over the den; and there against the wall Beowulf beheld the dead
body of Grendel lying on a couch. With one swinging blow of the powerful
sword he struck off his head as a trophy to carry to Hrothgar.
But now a strange thing happened, for the blade of the sword began to
melt away even as ice melts, and soon nothing was left of it save the
hilt. Carrying this and Grendel's head, Beowulf now left the den and
swam upwards to the surface of the lake.
There the thanes met him with great rejoicings, and some quickly helped
him to undo his armor, while others prepared to carry the great head of
Grendel back to Heorot. It took four men to carry it, and ghastly,
though wonderful, was the sight of it.
And now once more the warriors assembled in Heorot, and Beowulf
recounted to Hrothgar the full tale of his adventure and presented to
him the hilt of the wonderful sword. Again the king thanked him from the
depth of his heart for his valiant deeds; and as before a fair feast was
prepared and the warriors made merry till night came and they repaired
to rest, certain this time of their safety.
Now on the morrow Beowulf and his nobles made ready to depart to their
own land; and when they were fully equipped they went to bid farewell to
Hrothgar. Then Beowulf spoke, saying:
"Now are we voyagers eager to return to our lord Higelac. We have been
right well and heartily entertained, O king, and if there is aught
further that I can ever do for thee, then I shall be ready for thy
service. If ever I hear that thy neighbors are again persecuting thee, I
will bring a thousand thanes to thy aid; and I know that Higelac will
uphold me in this."
"Dear are thy words to me, O Beowulf," Hrothgar made answer, "and great
is thy wisdom. If Fate should take away the life of Higelac; the Geats
could have no better king than thou; and hereafter there shall never
more be feuds between the Danes and the Geats, for thou by thy great
deeds hast made a lasting bond of friendship between them."
Then Hrothgar gave more gifts to Beowulf and bade him seek his beloved
people and afterwards come back again to visit him, for so dearly had he
grown to love him that he longed to see him again.
So the two embraced and bade each other farewell with great affection,
and then at last Beowulf went down to where his ship rode at anchor and
sailed away with his followers to his own country, taking with him the
many gifts that Hrothgar had made to him. And coming to Higelac's court,
he told him of his adventures, and having shown him the treasure, gave
it all up to him, so loyal and true was he. But Higelac in return gave
Beowulf a goodly sword and seven thousand pieces of gold and a
manor-house, also a princely seat for him to dwell in. There Beowulf
lived in peace, and not for many years was he called to fresh
adventures.