patches; g. adnate; s. 4-7 cm. dingy white, fibrillose; sp. 12-13 x 8.
=virescens=, Mass. P. 3-5 cm. exp. brown then greenish yellow, cracked
into patches; g. adnexed, dingy purple, edge pale; s. 4-5 cm. apex
striate, greenish, base white; sp. 9 x 5.
=agraria=, Fr. P. 2 cm. exp. white, not hygr.; g. adnate, white then
brown; s. 4-6 cm. glabrous, white; sp. ----.
=chondroderma=, B. and Br. P. 2-3 cm. campan. bright dark brown, very
smooth, sometimes cracked, edge thin, append.; g. adfixed, brown, edge
white; s. 4-5 cm. subequal, paler than p., fibrillose, base squamulose;
sp. 7 x 3.5.
=scobicola=, B. and Br. P. 2-3 cm. convex, umbil. white, glabrous; g.
adnexed, broad, reddish-brown; s. 2-3 cm. whitish, fibrillose, hollow;
sp. 8 x 5, pale.
** _Gills plane, very broad behind, subdecur._
=ammophila=, Mont. P. 2-3 cm. exp. umb. yellow-rufous, fibrillose;
=coprophila=, Bull. P. 1.5-2 cm. slightly viscid, hemispher. then exp.
umb. yellowish rufous; g. arcuato-subdecur. broad; s. 3-5 cm. narrowed
upwards, white, floccose then almost glabrous; sp. 13-14 x 8.
Differs from _P. bullacea_ in absence of striae on p.
=bullacea=, Bull. P. 1-2 cm. hemispher. then exp. umb. finely striate to
middle, rather viscid, bay or brownish brick-red, then pale, often with
a white fringe at the edge, cuticle separable; g. adnate, almost
triangular, grey then brownish purple; s. 2-4 cm. slender, apex
pruinose, fawn, fibrillose, base rusty; sp. 9-11 x 4-7.
=physaloides=, Bull. P. 1.5-2 cm. campan. then exp. umb. striate, rather
viscid, purple brown or bay then pale; g. subdecur. rather rusty then
purplish brown; s. 2-3 cm. fibrillose, base bay; sp. 12 x 6.
[=ferrugineo-lateritia=, Vogl. P. convex, subumbil. edge substriate,
glabrous, subhygr. rusty brick-red; g. adnato-decur. purple-black; s.
cylindrical, colour of p. base white; sp. 7-9 x 4.
[=libertata=, Fr. P. obconic, umbo hemispher. prominent, at first
hoarily silky then glabrous, dusky umber then pale; g. deeply decur.; s.
flexile.
=atrorufa=, Schaeff. P. 2-2.5 cm. convex, obtuse, glabrous, edge
striate, purple-brown then pale; g. subdecur. broad, brown-violet with a
white edge; s. 5-7 cm. pale bay or fawn, pruinose, fibrillose at base;
sp. 10-12 x 6. (6-8 x 4-5 Karst.)
=nuciseda=, Fr. P. 1.5-2 cm. convex, obsoletely umb. rather silky when
dry and yellowish, dusky brown at first; g. adnate, broad; s. 2-3 cm.
brownish with white down, base narrowed; sp. 8 x 4.
*** _Gills sublinear, ascending._
=tegularis=, Schum. P. campan. glabrous, tan, areolately cracked; g.
attenuato-adnexed; s. stuffed, narrowed upwards from a thickened base,
pallid.
=compta=, B. and Br. P. 3-4 cm. conico-campan. then exp. subumb. edge
striate, pale ochre and atomate when dry; g. broad, adnate; s. 4-5 cm.
pale rufous; sp. ----.
[=callosa=, Fr. P. conico-campan. obtuse, even, glabrous, dry, white or
yellowish; g. adnate, ascending, ventricose, sooty black; s. tough,
equal, glabrous, pallid.
=semilanceata=, Fr. P. 1-2 cm. exp. acutely conical, slightly viscid and
striate when moist, pallid, often tinged yellow or green; g. adnexed; s.
4-7 cm. flexuous, pallid; sp. 10-12 x 6.
var. _caerulescens_, Cke. P. rather obtuse; s. bluish at base.
II. RIGIDI. _Veil absent. Stem rigid. Gills adnexed, very rarely
adnate._
[=phoenix=, Secr. P. campan. then exp. even, glabrous, hygr. fuscous
then pale and shining; g. free; s. stuffed, striate, pallid, subbulbous.
=canobrunnea=, Fr. P. 4-7 cm. exp. obtuse, subviscid when moist, hygr.
fleshy-brown then pale; g. nearly free, brownish purple; s. 4-5 cm.
hollow, short, squamulose, whitish or greyish pink, rooting; sp. ----.
[=Gilletii=, Karst. P. campan.-convex, often obliquely umb. glabrous,
livid grey with olive tinge, umb. tawny, then pale ochre; g. subadnate
soon free, grey- then livid-purple; s. fistulose, straight, equal,
glabrous, bay, apex paler and pruinose; sp. 10-13 x 5-6.
[=simulans=, Karst. P. conico-convex, exp. usually obtusely umb.
glabrous, pale rusty with honey-colour tinge, pellucidly striate, edge
at first incurved, yellow tawny when dry; g. greyish with honey or olive
tinge; s. wavy, ascending, rather lubricous, shining, bay, apex paler;
sp. 4-6 x 3.
=spadicea=, Fr. Subcaespitose. P. 3-7 cm. glabrous, humid, convex then
exp. edge at first incurved, dark bay or bistre-brown then pale; g.
adnate with decur. tooth, crowded, whitish then pinkish, at last
purple-brown; s. fistulose, equal, rigid, silky, whitish; sp. 10 x 5.
var. _hygrophila_, Fr. Larger. P. fuscous then tan; s. subfusiformly
rooting; g. emarginate with a long decur. line.
var. _polycephala_, Fr. Very densely tufted. P. rigid; s. slender,
slightly flexuous; g. nearly free, fuscous-umber.
This is the commonest form in Britain.
_Hypholoma hydrophilum_ differs in having fuscous-cinnamon, lachrymose
gills.
=cernua=, Fl. Dan. P. 1.5-2 cm. campan.-convex then exp. glabrous,
micaceous, hygr. rugulose and pallid when dry; g. adnate; s. 5-9 cm.
white, apex even, pruinose; sp. 8 x 5.
=squalens=, Fr. P. 2-5 cm. exp. depr. even, glabrous, hygr. lurid then
pale; g. adnato-decur. tan then brown; s. 4-5 cm. not rooting, apex
striate, colour of p.; sp. ----.
[=murcida=, Fr. P. convex, obtuse, slightly striate, hygr. even when
dry, bay then tan or rosy; g. adnate, segmentoid, umber; s. slender,
fragile, straight, naked.
[=hebes=, Fr. P. exp. obtuse, glabrous, hygr. edge striate, lurid then
pale; g. adnate, triangular; s. glabrous, pallid.
=foenisecii=, Fr. P. 1.5-2 cm. campan.-exp. obtuse, dingy brown then
pale; g. adnate, ventricose, umber; s. 4-6 cm. not rooting, pale
reddish, glabrous; sp. 10 x 5-6.
=clivensis=, B. and Br. P. 2-3 cm. hemispher. pale brown then pale ochre
or whitish; g. broad, adnate, emarginate, edge pale; s. 3 cm. silky,
base subclavate; sp. 10 x 5.
[=vicina=, Fr. P. convex then plane, obtuse, glabrous, umber then pale;
g. slightly adnexed, grey then blackish; s. stuffed, wavy, grey, apex
pruinose.
=catervata=, Mass. Densely fasciculate. P. 1-2 cm. campan. obtuse,
white; g. slightly adnexed, crowded, edge entire, white; s. 3-4 cm.
white; sp. 12 x 4; cystidia fusiform.
COPRINUS, Fr.
_Key to the Sections._
I. Volva distinct with a free edge; ring present or absent. p. 228.
II. Volva absent; ring present on stem. p. 229.
III. Volva and ring absent. Veil practically absent. Pileus either
glabrous or with minute innate squamules, especially near the apex, not
splitting along the lines of the gills. p. 231.
IV. Volva and ring absent. Veil very evident--at least in a young
state--as a felty coating, which breaks up during expansion of the
pileus into patches, cottony, squamulose, fibrillose or mealy. Not
glistening nor micaceous. p. 231.
V. Volva and ring absent. Pileus covered with glistening micaceous
particles when young. p. 236.
VI. Volva, ring, and veil absent. Flesh very thin, pileus soon splitting
along the lines of the gills, scurfy or glabrous. p. 237.
I. _Volva distinct, with a free margin; ring present or absent._
* _Large; pileus more than 2 cm. high and wide._
+ _Stem white._
=sterquilinus=, Fr. P. 5-7 cm. high, coarsely sulcate, silvery grey,
disc tawny with squarrose squamules; g. free; s. 9-15 cm. white, dark
when bruised; volva with free margin, sometimes a ring on stem; sp.
18-20 x 11-12.
[=solstitialis=, Sacc. P. cylindric-ovate, whitish with concentric
over-lapping scales, expanding and blackish, grooved; g. free; s. white,
base volvate, ring imperfect.
Smaller than _C. sterquilinus_, and stem not blackish when bruised.
=oblectus=, Bolton. P. 3-5 cm. coarsely striate, whitish, glabrous, then
pale tawny and sprinkled with rose-coloured powder; g. free; s. 8-12 cm.
white; volva with recurved edge; sp. 18 x 11-12.
++ _Stem coloured._
=umbrinus=, Mass. At first entirely enclosed in a white volva, which
leaves patches on p. P. 4-5 cm. umber, sulcate up to disc; g. free; s.
10-15 cm. umber, margin of volva recurved; sp. 17-18 x 9.
Differs from _C. stenocoleus_ in sulcate pileus and umber stem.
[=stenocoleus=, Lindbl. P. 5-8 cm. umb. even, blackish with white
squamules; g. free; s. 10-15 cm. pale tawny; margin of volva free; sp.
----.
** _Small; pileus less than 2 cm. high and wide._
+ _Volva entire._
[=cyclodes=, Fr. P. 1.5-2 cm. high, campan. striate, glabrous, bay; g.
soon black; s. 4-5 cm. white, rather flexuous; edge of volva recurved;
sp. ----.
[=equinus=, Chelch. P. ovate then campan. greyish white, disc darkest,
covered with darker scurf or flecks; g. free; s. long, glabrous, base
rather swollen, volva with a free edge which sometimes breaks away as a
ring; sp. 5-6.
[=Trappenii=, Oud. P. campan. 1-1.5 cm. apex with fragments of volva,
then glabrous; g. purplish then black; s. 1-1.5 cm. white, volva entire;
sp. ----.
=volvaceo-minimus=, Crossl. P. 4-5 mm. striate, grey with white
squamules; g. slightly adnexed; s. 2-2.5 cm. glabrous, hyaline, base
bulbous, volva with broad free edge; sp. 6-7.
Differs from _C. Hendersonii_ in distinct volva and subglobose sp.
_C. bulbillosus_ differs in absence of a marginate volva.
++ _Volva torn into shreds._
=dilectus=, Fr. P. 1.5-2 cm. very thin, campan., obtuse, finely striate,
rosy white then tawny, furfuraceo-floccose with rosy meal, at length
splitting, revolute and naked; g. free, sublanceolate, crowded; s. 5-7
cm. whitish and powdered with rosy meal, base thickened, volva reduced
to squamules; sp. ----.
Differs from _C. oblectus_ in very rudimentary volva, and generally
smaller size.
=roseotinctus=, Rea. P. 7-11 x 5-7 mm. cylindr. then revolute, umb.
brown with rosy meal; g. adnexed, broad; s. up to 5 cm. bulbous, white,
with rosy meal when young; sp. 9-11 x 5-6.
Perhaps too closely allied to _C. dilectus_.
II. _Volva absent, ring present on stem._
* _Large; Pileus 8-15 cm. high._
=comatus=, Fr. P. cylindr. then campan. 9-15 cm. high, whitish or tinged
ochre, becoming broken up into large reflexed scales; g. very slightly
adnexed; s. 12-20 cm. white, base bulbous, rooting, ring loose; sp.
12-14 x 8-10. Edible.
var. _clavatus_, Q. P. ovate, g. free, white then black, no intermediate
pink colour; s. without a ring.
=ovatus=, Schaeff. P. 8-10 cm. high, ovate then exp. striate, soon
broken up into broad adpressed scales; g. free; s. white, base bulbous,
rooting, ring deciduous; sp. 12 x 8. Edible.
Differs from _C. comatus_ in smaller size, and ovate form when young.
=atramentarius=, Fr. P. rather fleshy, 8-12 cm. high, ovate then campan.
fluted, edge uneven, silvery grey, apex squamulose; g. free; s. 10-16
cm. white, hollow, ring basal, evanescent; sp. 12 x 6. Edible.
=soboliferus=, Fr. P. thin, ovate then exp. plicate below, disc
truncate, brownish with darker squamules, rest greyish white; g. free;
s. 12-20 cm. white, stuffed, ring fugacious; sp. 15 x 7. Edible.
Differs from _C. atramentarius_ in squamulose truncate disc, stuffed
stem, and larger spores.
[=pyrenaeus=, Q. P. narrowly ellipt. up to 10 cm. long, striate, pearl
grey, with a dense veil of free white fibrils; g. free; s. 10-15 cm.
hollow, white, ring basal, fugacious; sp. subgl. 12-18.
Differs from _C. atramentarius_ in white veil.
[=praegnans=, Fr. P. campan. 18-20 cm. high, not striate, grey, crowded
with white squamules; g. free, umber from first; s. solid, fusiform,
rooting, squamulose, ring free; sp. ----.
Differs from _C. atramentarius_ in solid s.
** _Small; pileus never exceeding 3 cm. high._
=Hendersonii=, Fr. P. subcylindrical then exp. up to 1 cm. apex tawny
rest grey, fluted, minutely pruinose; g. free; s. 3-4 cm. with a
permanent ring below middle; sp. 10-12 x 6.
[=bulbillosus=, Pat. P. 8-10 mm. grey disc yellow, striate, covered with
white meal; g. grey; s. 2-3 cm. white, base bulbous, ring loose, median;
sp. 8-9 x 6-7.
Differs from _C. Hendersonii_ in bulbous stem.
[=ephemeroides=, Fr. P. campan. plicato-sulcate, whitish, disc tinged
yellow, up to 1 cm. sprinkled with superficial flecks; g. free; s. 2-4
cm. whitish, ring free, base with a pilose bulb; sp. 11-12 x 6-7.
Differs from _C. bulbillosus_ in squamulose pileus and strigose bulb.
var. _muscorum_, sp. 7-9 x 6-8.
[=scauroides=, Godey. P. ovate then campan. striate, white then
purplish, floccosely squamulose; g. free; s. white, with a marginate
bulb and ring.
[=Bresadolae=, Schulz. P. subcylindrical, greyish-white, apex tinged
brown; g. black, edge white; s. tapering upwards, white, glabrous, ring
deciduous.
III. _Volva and ring absent. Veil practically absent; p. either
glabrous or with minute innate squamules, especially near the apex,
not splitting along the lines of the gills._
* _Gills attached to the stem._
=fuscescens=, Fr. P. 4-6 cm. ovate then exp. not lobed, disc fuscous,
rest greyish brown, powdered with meal at first; g. narrow towards the
front; s. white, hollow, somewhat fibrillose; sp. 8-10 x 5-6.
Differs from _C. atramentarius_ in rufous p. not lobed.
[=tergiversans=, Fr. P. conical then exp. 6-12 cm. rusty brown, grooved,
cracked into squamules; g. broadly adnate; s. white, apex sulcate.
Allied to _C. micaceus_; differs in squamulose and not micaceous p.
[=Lerchenfeldii=, Schulz. P. hemispher. apex elevated, brownish grey,
edge wavy silvery grey then violet; g. violet, shining; s. fibrillose or
squamulose.
** _Gills free._
[=cylindricus=, Fr. P. cylindrical then exp. 8-12 cm. across, rimosely
striate, a few adpr. squamules, whitish brown; g. narrow; s. 15-21 cm.
equal, fibrillose.
[=Mayrii=, Allesch. P. campan. exp. white, striate, small yellow-brown
squamules near edge, disc sparingly scaly; g. free; s. white, striate,
base globose, marginate, hollow to swollen base; sp. 6-7 x 3-4.
Allied to _C. atramentarius_.
=flocculosus=, Fr. P. ovate then exp. 4-7 cm. across, dingy white,
striate, squamules innate; g. narrow; s. 6-10 cm. white, silky, hollow;
sp. 10 x 7-8.
Differs from _C. aratus_ in white p., and from _C. lagopus_ in glabrous
stem.
=squamosus=, Morgan. P. 4-6 cm. sulcate, grey, with persistent spreading
brown scales; g. free; s. 9-14 cm. with brown spreading scales up to
ring; sp. 9-10 x 5.
IV. _Volva and ring absent. Veil very evident--at least in young
state--as a felty coating, which breaks up during expansion of p.
into patches; cottony, squamulose, fibrillose or mealy. Not
glistening or micaceous._
* _Veil thick and felty, breaking into patches._
+ _Gills attached to stem._
=aphthosus=, Fr. P. campan. even, livid, 2-3 cm. white veil at first
continuous then broken into floccose patches; g. adnate; s. 5 cm. white,
hollow, fibrillose; sp. 15-16 x 10.
Differs from _C. varicus_ in hollow stem.
[=phaeosporus=, Karst. P. conico-cylindrical then flattened, everywhere
delicately striate, at first enclosed in a rufescent veil which breaks
up into patches, soon naked and white; g. adnexed; s. glabrous, white,
hollow; sp. 9-15 x 4-9.
Differs from _C. albus_ by glabrous s.
++ _Gills free._
=picaceus=, Fr. P. campan. glutinous, striate up to disc, blackish with
white patches; g. free; s. 10-15 cm. white, hollow, base swollen; sp. 14
x 8.
=tomentosus=, Fr. P. cylindr. then narrowly conical, at length exp. 2-3
cm.; pallid yellow, covered with a greyish felt which breaks into
scales; g. free; s. 5 cm. hollow, greyish, velvety; sp. ----.
[=velatus=, Q. P. cylind. then exp. 2-3 cm. yellowish, sulcate, veil
white, thin; g. free but close to s.; s. 4-6 cm. white, villose,
coarsely striate; sp. 10 x 5.
[=Forquignoni=, Mass. (_C. Queletii_, Forq.). P. conico-campan. veil
thick, ochraceous, then broken up into persistent patches, whitish, 5-6
cm. high; g. remote; s. white, floccosely fibrillose, ending in a tawny
bulb; sp. 9 x 6.
[=varicus=, Fr. P. white or livid towards the split edge, with patches
of white veil; g. free; s. 6-9 cm. often incurved, white, glabrous,
solid, tough.
Differs from _C. picaceus_ in white p. and solid s.
** _Veil breaking up into superficial scales, cottony or
fibrillose._
+ _Gills attached to stem._
# _Pileus white or grey._
=niveus=, Fr. All pure white. P. 1-2.5 cm. campan. floccose; g. slightly
adnexed; s. 5-8 cm. hollow, villose; sp. 16 x 11-13.
var. _astroideus_, Fr. P. squamose, naked, grey, 1 cm.; s. up to 8 cm.
slender, glabrous.
[=albus=, Q. Snow white. P. ovoid then exp. 1.5-2 cm. floccosely mealy
then pearl grey and grooved, with tawny flecks at disc; g. adnate,
seceding; s. coarsely striate upwards; sp. 12-13 long.
[=Rostrupianus=, Hansen. White. P. thin campan. then exp. tomentose,
squamulose; g. free, grey then blackish; s. narrowed upwards, glabrous
above, downy below, base with white tomentum.
Medium sized, allied to _C. niveus_.
[=pilosus=, Beck. P. cylindr. apex rounded, white, densely covered with
septate acute white hairs, then exp. and centre almost glabrous and
yellowish, edge slightly striate; s. slender, pubescent, base floccose;
sp. 9-12 x 6-7.
=exstinctorius=, Fr. P. 3-5 cm. across, campan. whitish, apex tinged
brown, at first with evanescent floccose scales; g. reaching stem; s.
8-12 cm. smooth, white, hollow, swollen at base and rooting; sp. 10-11 x
6-7.
Differs from _C. fimetarius_ in pileus becoming bald from disc to
margin.
[=roris=, Q. P. soon convex and centre depr. pearl grey, transparent,
covered at first with a thin tawny-white veil, 1-1.5 cm.; g. adnate; s.
3-4 cm. greyish, villosely floccose; sp. 11-12 long.
Differs from _C. plicatilis_ in adnate g. and from _C. diaphanus_ in
villose stem.
=similis=, B. and Br. P. ovate then campan. pallid disc darker, striate,
studded with brown tipped pointed warts, 2.5 cm.; g. adnate; s. white,
hollow.
[=Brunandi=, Q. P. campan. 5-6 mm. high, very delicate, striate, greyish
lilac, at first with crystalline interwoven filaments; g. adnate then
free; s. white, floccose, bulbous; sp. 10 long.
Allied to _C. lagopus_.
## _Pileus tawny or brownish._
=domesticus=, Fr. P. campan. obtuse, sulcate, disc even, bay, rest
paler, scurfy-floccose, 4-7 cm.; g. adnexed; s. 6-9 cm. white, silky;
sp. 11-12 x 7.
[=alopecia=, Fr. P. 6-7.5 cm. campan. obtuse, sulcate, pale brown or
ochre, at first with adpr. fibrils; g. adnexed; s. 9-12 cm. densely
scaly, hollow.
[=Boudieri=, Q. P. 1-2 cm. campan. coarsely striate, pale tawny apex
darker, covered with fine white down; g. adnate; s. 3-4 cm. white,
pruinose and pubescent; sp. angularly globose, 10-12.
[=subcoeruleo-griseus=, Schulzer. P. acutely conical then plane,
slightly striate, disc pale yellowish-pink, rest greyish blue, with
minute fugacious scales; g. adnexed; s. white, floccosely pruinose, then
glabrous, hollow; sp. 10-13 x 6-8.
++ _Gills free._
# _Stem glabrous._
=nycthemerus=, Fr. P. conico-cylindr. then exp. 1.5-2 cm. plicate, ribs
forked near edge, mealy then naked, grey, disc tawny; g. free; s. 5-7
cm. white, glabrous, flaccid, hollow; sp. ----.
[=gonophyllus=, Q. P. 1.5 cm. hemisph. striate, blackish grey, shining,
veil floccose, whitish, soon disappearing; g. free, triangular, edge
serrate; s. 3 cm. glabrous, slightly striate, white; sp. 10 x 4.
=Spraguei=, B. and Curt. P. conical then campan. 1.5-2 cm. tomentose,
striate, greyish, disc tawny; g. few, distant; s. 3-5 cm. pale reddish
ochre; sp. 10 x 5.
=Spegazzinii=, Karst. P. cylindr. or oval, then exp. and splitting up to
disc, greyish, soon naked and grooved; g. free; s. white, hollow,
thickened below and rooting; sp. 9-14 x 5-6.
=platypus=, B. and Cke. P. white then yellowish, flocculose, 4-5 mm.; g.
free; s. 1.5-3 cm. base discoid; sp. 8 x 6.
## _Stem floccose or pulverulent at first._
=narcoticus=, Fr. Foetid. P. cylindric-clavate then exp. 1.5-2 cm.
hyaline, striate, at first with white floccose squamules; g. free; s.
4-5 cm. white, downy at first, hollow; sp. 11 x 5-6.
[=muralis=, Allesch. Smell strong, ammoniacal. P. cylindr. then campan.
white then grey, covered with white floccose squamules; g. free, narrow;
s. equal, hollow, floccosely scaly then glabrous, white, shining, base
densely fibrous; sp. subg. 6.
=lagopus=, Fr. P. cylindr. then campan. coarsely striate up to brown
disc, at first with white flocci; g. free; s. 10-15 cm. everywhere with
white floccose down; sp. 14-16 x 10-12.
Differs from _C. narcoticus_ in absence of smell. _C. lagopoides_
differs in tomentum breaking up into scales, and g. very distant from
stem.
[=lagopoides=, Karst. P. campan. sulcate, disc livid, with free white
scales, 4-7 cm.; g. distant from stem; s. up to 17 cm. white, floccose;
sp. 6-8 x 5-6.
=macrocephalus=, B. P. cylindr. then campan. striate, ashy grey, disc
brownish, sprinkled with pointed scales, 2 cm.; g. free; s. 3-5 cm.
dingy white, fibrillose below; sp. 11-13 x 7-8.
Differs from _C. lagopus_ in dark grey p.
[=tigrinellus=, Boud. P. elliptic-oblong then campan. striate,
snow-white edge becoming rosy, pulverulent, with tawny flecks; g. free;
s. 2 cm. white, base rather bulbous and often with blackish flecks; sp.
11 x 7.
Differs from _C. Friesii_ in being at first covered with brown tomentum
which breaks up into flecks.
[=Friesii=, Q. P. elliptic-oblong then exp. 1-2 cm. finely striate,
white apex tinged yellow, edge rosy; g. free, reddish then black; s. 2
cm. white, pulverulent, base swollen and floccose; sp. angularly glob.
10.
Differs from _C. tigrinellus_ in not having a brown veil.
[=cupulatus=, E. Jacob. P. subcampan. greyish yellow, with a floccose
greyish white veil then pubescent, sulcate, 4-5 mm.; g. free; s. 5-7 cm.
white, downy, striate, base swollen; sp. 7-8 x 6-7.
=fimetarius=, Fr. P. 2-2.5 cm. clavate then conico-exp. soon splitting,
disc even brownish, at first covered with squarrose floccose scales,
then naked; g. free; s. 10-15 cm. white, squamulose, base solid; sp.
12-14 x 7-8.
var. _pullatus_, Fr. P. with adpressed squamules, soon naked, dark; s.
soon smooth.
var. _cinereus_, Fr. P. floccosely mealy then naked, grey; s. rootless,
hollow to base.
var. _macrorhiza_, Fr. P. at first with feathery squamules; s. short,
rooting.
[=Queletii=, Schulzer. P. ellipsoid-conical then exp. deeply sulcate,
whitish, apex glabrous tinged cinnamon, with fugacious flecks; g. free;
s. white, flocculose then glabrous, ventricose below, rooting with long
brown fibres; sp. 10-12 x 4-6.
[=laxus=, Bres. and Schulz. P. subglobose, grey, disc yellowish
cinnamon, granularly floccose; g. free; s. white, tinged brown at base,
with white flecks, bending over as it dries; sp. 6-8 x 4-5.
[=Albertinii=, Karst. P. campan. sulcate, greyish-white, disc brownish,
with fine network of fibrils; g. free; s. white, silky-floccose; sp.
10-12 x 6.
[=Strossmayeri=, Schulzer. P. digitaliform, then conico-campan. whitish
then grey, apex darker, finally pale ochre, with deciduous squarrose
scales; g. free; s. white, pruinose, springing from a compact, branching
blackish-brown mycelium; sp. 7-9 long.
*** _Veil formed of white meal, or hyaline vesicles. Not glistening
or micaceous._
=tuberosus=, Q. P. campan. 3-5 mm. finely striate, white then greyish,
veil of hyaline vesicles; g. blackish violet; s. 2-4 cm. slender, wavy,
white, downy, springing from a small black sclerotium; sp. 12 long.
Smaller than _C. niveus_, and springing from a sclerotium.
[=cineratus=, Q. P. campan. 1-2 cm. striate, white then greyish violet,
veil of dusky hyaline vesicles; g. free, close to stem; s. 4-6 cm.
white, base rather swollen and sheathed by remains of a volva; sp. 10 x
5.
=filiformis=, B. and Br. P. 1-2 mm. cylindrical, striate, grey, mealy;
g. linear; s. 1-1.5 cm. slender, hyaline, sprinkled with hairs; sp.
subg. 5 x 4.
[=luxoviensis=, Mont. P. ovoid then campan. striate, mealy then naked
and grey, disc tawny; g. distant; s. with spreading fibrils, soon naked,
white, springing from a spreading mycelium; sp. ----.
[=caducus=, Harz. P. oval then cylindrical, striate, grey then blackish
brown, at first densely covered with white meal which becomes grey; g.
from a collar; s. greyish brown above, whitish below; sp. 9-10 x 6-7.
[=Britzelmayri=, Sacc. and Cub. (= _C. macrosporus_, Brit.) P. and s.
covered with snow-white meal; g. adnexed; s. tall; sp. 20 x 10-12.