+ _Stem and veil white._
=firmus=, Fr. P. 6-7 cm. exp. obtuse, glabrous, rusty ochre, flesh
compact, white; g. crowded; s. 6-8 cm. solid, stout, rather bulbous,
white, veil rusty; sp. ----.
Differs from _C. subferrugineus_ by clear colour of p. and white s.
=subferrugineus=, Fr. P. 5-7 cm. exp. yellowish brick-red becoming
rusty, subhygr.; g. scarcely crowded, broad, opaque, rusty; s. 6-8 cm.
solid, spongy, rigid outside, subbulbous, white then dingy; sp. 8-10 x
5-6.
=armeniacus=, Fr. P. 4-9 cm. exp. gibbous, glabrous, tawny cinnamon
(yellowish tan), shining; g. adnate, crowded; s. 5-7 cm. conical, rigid,
subperonate, white; sp. 8-9 x 5.
var. _falsarius_, Fr. P. yellow, white when dry.
[=umbilicatus=, Karst. P. convexo-plane, minutely umbil. undulate,
obtuse, even, glabrous, brown-bay; g. very broad, cinnamon; s. equal,
base thickened, whitish; sp. 6-6.5 x 4-4.5.
=damascenus=, Fr. P. 5-7 cm. thin, exp. bay-cinnamon (brick-red,
rivulose); g. adnate, crowded; s. 5-7 cm. solid, firm, cylindrical,
whitish; 12 x 6.
=privignus=, Fr. P. 4-5 cm. exp. gibbous, glabrous, pallid fuscous,
silvery-hoary (tan then pallid); g. adnate, serrate; s. 6-7 cm. fragile,
silvery white; sp. 8 x 5.
=duracinus=, Fr. P. 3-6 cm. rigid, exp. gibbous, watery brick-red (tan,
opaque), edge strongly incurved, silky; g. adnate, thin; s. 3-5 cm.
rigid, unequal, rooting, glabrous, white; sp. 5 x 3.
[=candelaris=, Fr. P. conico-campan. obtuse, glabrous, reddish dun
(tawny, shining) edge slightly incurved white-silky; g. adnato-decur.;
s. rigid, yellowish white, rooting.
=illuminus=, Fr. P. 3-7 cm. exp. gibbous, glabrous, tawny brick-red
(brick-red, tan) edge thin; g. adnate; s. 5-9 cm. partly hollow, pallid
becoming rusty; sp. 11-12 x 6-7.
=tortuosus=, Fr. P. 3-5 cm. exp. glabrous, even, shining, rusty bay
(brick-red); g. adnate, tawny blood-red or purplish when touched; s.
somewhat twisted, silvery; sp. 15-16 x 8.
=dilutus=, Fr. P. 4-5 cm. exp. subumb. glabrous, even, opaque, reddish
dun (tan); g. broad, crowded; s. 4-7 cm. soft, pallid, base thickened;
sp. 6 x 4.
[=erugatus=, Weinm. P. exp. subumb. even, nearly glabrous, shining,
ochraceous, brick-red; g. subadnate, crowded; s. elongated, thinner
upwards, fibrillosely striate, pallid.
[=Hoeftii=, Fr. P. exp. obtuse, watery brick-red (tan, opaque), with a
silky bloom; g. adnate, crowded, connected by veins; s. subfistulose,
equal, silvery.
++ _Stem and gills usually violet._ In certain sp. of preceding
section there is an ephemeral tinge of violet at apex of stem.
[=livor=, Fr. P. exp. obtuse, glabrous, dusky olive then tan; g.
emarginate, crowded, broad, semicircular, watery cinnamon; s. narrowed
from subbulbous base, short, violet; sp. ----.
=saturninus=, Fr. P. 4-7 cm. campan. exp. glabrous, moist, dusky bay
(brick-red), with white silky veil round edge; g. adnexed, crowded,
purplish then rusty; s. 4-7 cm. violet, base thickened; sp. ----.
=imbutus=, Fr. P. 5-9 cm. convex, obtuse, glabrous, gilvous becoming
pale, edge subfibrillose; g. adnate, rather distant, broad,
greyish-violet then cinnamon; s. 4-7 cm. whitish, apex violet; sp. 7-8 x
4-5.
[=cypriacus=, Fr. P. almost membranaceous, campan. exp. gibbous,
glabrous, cinnamon (tawny); g. crowded; s. colour of p., striate with
adpr. fibrils.
[=plumbosus=, Fr. P. convex, plane, umb. moist, blackish lead-colour,
then paler and with satiny sheen near edge; g. olive-violet then
cinnamon; s. hollow, attenuated upwards, violet then pallid.
[=sciophyllus=, Fr. P. thin, convex, exp. deep bluish fuscous (bluish),
silky-white round edge at first; g. adnate, dusky umber; s. solid,
violet, narrowed from thickened base.
=castaneus=, Bull. P. 2-3 cm. campan. exp. gibbous, even, chestnut
(shining); g. violet then rusty; s. 2-3 cm. cartilaginous, violet or
pallid reddish, stuffed then hollow; sp. ----.
=bicolor=, Cke. P. 3-5 cm. campan. exp. umb. dingy white or tinged
lilac; g. adnate, purplish violet then tan; s. 4-5 cm. pale violet then
pale, solid; sp. 12-14 x 6-7.
=balaustinus=, Fr. P. 3-5 cm. exp. obtuse, virgate, rusty rufous (tawny
brick-red, shining); g. adnate, broad rusty rufous; s. 5-7 cm. conical,
pallid, then rusty outside and in; sp. 8 x 4-5.
=colus=, Fr. P. 2-4 cm. convex, subgibbous, glabrous, rufous brown
(paler and shining); g. adnate, dusky cinnamon; s. 7-9 cm. fibrillosely
striate with fiery-saffron mycelium; sp. 9 x 4.
=isabellinus=, Fr. P. 4-5 cm. subumb. honey-colour, glabrous (yellowish
and shining); g. adnate, yellow then tan; s. 7-9 cm. rigid, striate,
yellowish; sp. 10 x 5.
=renidens=, Fr. P. 2-5 cm. exp. even, glabrous, shining, tawny (ochre);
g. crowded, tawny; s. 2-4 cm. equal and with fibrous veil, yellow; sp.
8-10 x 5.
=angulosus=, Fr. P. 4-7 cm. exp. wavy, hygr. reddish tawny (ochre,
opaque); g. adnate, thickish, distant, tawny; s. 3-4 cm. equal, twisted,
rather tawny; sp. ----.
var. _gracilescens_, Fr. S. hollow, slender, tortuous, base rather
narrowed.
[=zinziberatus=, Fr. P. exp. umb. tawny honey-colour (yellowish), edge
silky-fibrillose; g. adnate, quite entire, crisped; s. outside and base
also inside, yellowish.
+++ _Stem fuscescent, veil pallid-dingy or white_ (_not yellow_);
_gills dusky._
=uraceus=, Fr. P. 2-4 cm. campan.-convex, subgibbous, even, glabrous,
umber (tan, torn into fibres); g. adnate, bay brown; s. 5-9 cm. blackish
fuscous, apex becoming olive; sp. 8-9 x 4.
=jubarinus=, Fr. P. 2-5 cm. campan. exp. glabrous, bright tawny
cinnamon (shining); g. adnate, tawny cinnamon; s. 4-5 cm. fibrillosely
striate, tawny, veil fugacious, white; sp. 10 x 5.
Closely resembling _C. cinnamomeus_, differing in white fibrillose
fugacious veil.
[=rubricosus=, Fr. P. exp. umb. brownish bay (brick-red, shining); g.
obtusely adnate, bright rusty; s. narrowed downwards, brownish, white
veil collapsing and forming a silky zone.
[=nitens=, Karst. P. exp. umb. white-silky from veil then glabrous and
shining, brownish bay; g. tawny cinnamon; s. subequal, fuscous, white
veil forming oblique bands; sp. 6 x 3.5.
[=irregularis=, Fr. P. exp. umb. wavy, fuscous brown (tawny rusty,
shining); g. decur. closely crowded, rusty; s. naked, brick-red with
white striae.
=pateriformis=, Fr. P. 2-3 cm. plano-depr. obtuse, orbicular, chestnut
brown with white deciduous fibrils; g. brick-red; s. hollow, equal,
tinged fuscous; sp. ----.
[=phaeophyllus=, Karst. P. convex exp. umb. entirely even, edge silky,
glabrous, watery cinnamon, ochre and shining when dry; g. adnate,
brown-tan, edge honey-colour; s. equal, usually wavy, silky-fibrillose,
pallid-white; sp. 7-9 x 4-5.
=unimodus=, Britz. P. 2-3 cm. campan. then exp. usually depr. round
umbo, shining, rufous brown; g. adnexed, brown; s. 4-7 cm. fibrous,
brown below; sp. 10-12 x 6.
** TENUIORES. _Pileus submembranaceous, conical then exp. umbo
acute, rarely obtuse or nearly obsolete, edge at first straight._
+ _Stem white._
=dolabratus=, Fr. P. 4-9 cm. campan. exp. obtuse, glabrous, brick-red
(even and tan), silky near the edge; g. adnate, very broad, distant,
tan; s. 8-14 cm. stout, cylindrical, shining white; sp. 12-14 x 7-8.
Smell very disagreeable.
=rigens=, Fr. P. 3-7 cm. conical then convex, obtuse, glabrous, opaque,
tan (whitish tan); g. adnato-subdecur.; s. 4-9 cm. cartilaginous, rigid,
rooting, white; sp. 6-7 x 4.
[=fulvescens=, Fr. P. exp. shining, cinnamon (brick-red), at length
fibrillose, umbo persistent rather acute; g. adnate; s. attenuated,
soft, rather wavy, becoming pale.
=Krombholzii=, Fr. P. 3-5 cm. conico-campan. then gibbous, even,
glabrous, tan, edge append.; g. nearly free, broad, rusty edge
yellowish; s. 6-11 cm. equal, naked, white; sp. 8 x 4-5.
=Reedii=, Berk. P. 2-3 cm. conical then exp. and strongly umb. shining,
persistently brown; g. free; s. 2-3 cm. equal, rather bulbous, white,
solid; sp. 7-8 x 4.
=leucopus=, Bull. P. 1.5-2.5 cm. conical then exp. and umb. even,
glabrous, yellowish red (clay-colour, shining); g. subadnexed, crowded;
s. 2-3 cm. equal, shining white; sp. 6 x 3-4.
Differs from _C. pluvius_ in not being viscid.
=scandens=, Fr. P. 1-2 cm. conical, exp. tawny rusty to watery
honey-colour (clay-colour), umbo fleshy, edge striate; g. adnate, tawny
cinnamon, edge same colour; s. 5-8 cm. wavy, even, apex thickened, base
attenuated, whitish; sp. 10 x 5.
++ _Stem somewhat violet or reddish._
=erythrinus=, Fr. P. 2-4 cm. conical, exp. rufous bay, prominent umbo
darker; g. adnexed; s. 3-5 cm. equal, somewhat curved, violet above; sp.
----.
var. _argyropus_. Slenderer than type; stem silvery, apex mealy.
=decipiens=, Fr. P. 2-3 cm. conical, glabrous, shining, fuscous-bay,
depr. round darker umbo (brick-red); g. adnate; s. equal, slender, with
a pale separable cuticle; sp. 8 x 5.
S. usually without any violet, pale red inside.
var. _insignis_, Fr. P. paler; s. flexuous, glabrous.
=germanus=, Fr. Smell strong. P. 1-2 cm. conico-exp. obtusely umb.
rather silky, fragile, fuscescent (clay-colour); g. adnate, broad; s.
thin, equal, glabrous, lilac then pallid; sp. ----.
=ianthipes=, Secr. P. conical then exp. umb. fibrillose, shining, brown,
edge yellowish; g. white then greyish olive; s. shining, violet, rufous
below.
+++ _Stem yellowish, usually becoming pale._
=detonsus=, Fr. P. 2-4 cm. conical, exp. subumb. glabrous, brick-red or
yellowish (tan and silky); g. adnate, yellowish then brick-red, quite
entire; s. 4-7 cm. glabrous, tinged yellow then pallid; sp. 6 x 4.
=saniosus=, Fr. P. conical then convex and umb. not striate, glabrous,
tawny fuscous (tawny, shining), edge fibrillosely torn; g. adnate, quite
entire; s. curved, yellowish, veil fibrillose, yellow.
=obtusus=, Fr. P. 1-3 cm. conico-campan. striate to middle, shining,
reddish yellow (ochre then pallid, opaque, fibrillosely torn); g.
adnato-ventricose, edge white-fimbriate; s. hollow, soft, ventricose,
becoming pale, 4-9 cm.; sp. 9 x 5.
=acutus=, Fr. P. 1.5-2 cm. conical, acutely umb. entirely striate,
yellowish red (clay-colour, silky then even); g. adnate, ochre, entire;
s. 6-8 cm. equal, slender, wavy, pale; sp. 6 x 4.
++++ _Stem becoming fuscescent._
=Junghuhnii=, Fr. P. 2-3 cm. conical, exp. papillate, persistently
minutely velvety with thin innate white fibrils, shining cinnamon
(somewhat tawny); g. adnate, orange brick-red; s. 4-7 cm. shining,
adpressedly fuscous-fibrillose; sp. 8 x 5-6.
=depressus=, Fr. P. 4-5 cm. conico-convex, umb. glabrous, at first
superficially silky near striate edge, fuscous then rusty; g. adnate,
saffron then yellowish; s. hollow, reddish, base fuscous, white-silky;
sp. ----.
=milvinus=, Fr. Strong scented. P. conico-exp. subumb. striate to disc,
somewhat olive (tan then pallid), edge crowned with white innate
squamules; g. adnate, rusty olive, base veined; s. 4-5 cm. equal,
curved, fuscous then pallid, spotted with the white silky veil; sp. 8-10
x 4.
=fasciatus=, Fr. P. 1-2 cm. conico-exp. glabrous, fuscescent (brick-red
then pallid and silky) umbo acute, blackish; g. adnate, distant; s. 4-9
cm. rather wavy, glabrous, fibrously splitting, pallid fuscous; sp. 8 x
5.
Differs from _C. acutus_ in very distant g.
CREPIDOTUS, Fr.
=palmatus=, Bull. P. 4-9 cm. compact, convex then exp. irreg. glabrous,
pelliculose, rusty; g. fixed to a collar, colour of p.; s. excentric or
lateral, incurved, glabrous, whitish; sp. subg. 10.
Differs from _Pleurotus subpalmatus_ in rusty sp.
A form with a central s. occurs.
[=hypsophilus=, R. Fries. Subcaespitose. P. fleshy, compact, irreg.
laterally produced, entire, convex then plane, edge becoming upturned,
glabrous, fuscous tan; g. emarginate, crowded, dingy yellow; s. very
excentric, short, curved whitish.
[=nidulans=, Mass. (= _Pleurotus nidulans_, Fr., _Crepidotus junquillea_
(Paulet) Lucand.) P. fleshy, at first resupinate then expanded, sessile,
subreniform, tomentose, yellow; g. broad, rather distant, tawny-orange;
sp. tawny.
=alveolus=, Lasch. P. 2-4 cm. soft, lateral, obovate, wavy, plane,
glabrous, ochre-fuscous, sessile or produced behind into a short
stem-like downy base; g. broad; sp. 7-8 long.
[=stiriacus=, Wetts. P. fleshy-fibrous, ovate-shell-shaped,
semiorbicular, or cuneiform, simple, lobed or partite, tomentose; g.
dense, ochre-fuscous; s. lateral, very short; sp. 5-7 x 3.
=mollis=, Fr. P. 3-7 cm. gelatinously fleshy, soft, obovate or reniform,
flaccid, subsessile, glabrous, pallid then greyish; g. decur. from base,
crowded, linear, whitish then watery cinnamon; sp. 8-9 x 5-6.
=putrigenus=, B. and C. Imbricate, sessile; p. 2-3 cm. subreniform,
whitish, tomentose; g. broad, rusty-brown; sp. subglobose, 6-7, rusty.
=applanatus=, Fr. P. 2-5 cm. soft, fragile, plane, reniform or cuneate,
whitish, produced behind into a very short white-downy base; g.
determinate, crowded, whitish then pale cinnamon; sp. 5 x 3.
[=scalaris=, Fr. Imbricated. P. submembranaceous, very soft,
effuso-reflexed, even, glabrous, clear dilute ochre, pellucid when
fresh; g. decur. from base, distant, thin, whitish then cinnamon.
=calolepis=, Fr. P. 1-2 cm. dimidiate, sessile and fixed by a downy
nodule, white, marginate behind, variegated with minute rufescent
scales; g. radiating from base, at length brownish rusty; sp. ----.
=haustellaris=, Fr. P. 1-2 cm. flaccid, exactly lateral, reniform,
plane, even, very slightly downy, tan; g. rounded behind, pallid then
fuscous-cinnamon; s. distinct, narrowed upwards, downy, white; sp. ----.
[=Peteauxii=, Q. P. resupinate then cup-shaped, lateral, reniform,
tomentose, snow-white; g. free, whitish then ochre.
=rubi=, Berk. (= _Naucoria effugiens_, Q.) P. 0.5-1 cm. convexo-plane,
edge incurved, pale yellowish tan, sprinkled with glistening particles;
g. adnato-decur. rather broad, greyish then umber; s. 3-6 mm. incurved;
sp. 5-7 long.
=chimnophilus=, B. and Br. P. 4-6 mm. convex, edge incurved, downy,
whitish; g. attenuated behind, distant, narrow, pale tan; s. very short
or obsolete; sp. 5 x 3.
=epibryus=, Fr. White. P. 3-5 mm. resupinate, sessile, adnate by the
vertex, silky then smooth; g. radiating from the centre, thin, crowded,
whitish then reddish-yellow; sp. ----.
[=inhonestus=, Karst. P. resupinate, sessile, adnate laterally or by the
vertex, rather silky, orbicular or subreniform, whitish; g. broad, thin,
white then brownish; sp. 6-8 x 5.
=Phillipsii=, B. and Br. P. 4-6 cm. rather fleshy, oblique, striate,
smooth, pale umber; g. narrow, ventricose, slightly adnate, pale tan; s.
short, solid, incurved; sp. 5-7 x 2.5.
=pezizoides=, Nees. P. 3-4 mm. sessile, thin, cup-shaped then recurved,
mealy, subtomentose, whitish; g. radiating from the centre, rather
distant, brownish-olive then tawny.
=luteolus=, Lamb. P. thin, stipitate at first then resupinate and stem
disappearing, tomentose, clear yellow then pale; g. crowded,
orange-yellow then cinnamon; sp. rusty.
=Ralfsii=, B. and Br. P. 3-5 cm. convex, edge incurved, delicately
hispid or scurfy, yellow, fixed by cottony mycelium, stem obsolete; g.
rather broad, ventricose, pale tan, edge whitish; sp. ----.
=Parisotii=, Pat. Minute. P. sessile, minutely velvety, bright citrin,
stem almost obsolete, white, downy, edge incurved; g. very distant,
reddish; sp. 4-5 x 2.
Only appears to differ from _C. luteolus_ in being somewhat smaller.
[=subintiger=, Schulz. P. thin, cylindrical then cyphelliform, fixed by
centre, orbicular-reniform, whitish, slightly tomentose; g. radiating
from centre, free, distant, ventricose, yellowish brown, edge wavy and
fimbriate; sp. 3-4 long.
[=pallescens=, Q. P. umbil. downy, yellowish white; g. adnate, white
then pallid; s. short incurved, downy, white; sp. 7 long.
[=scutellinus=, Q. P. convexo-plane, vertex minutely mucronate,
pellucid, rivulosely striate, whitish then ochre; s. filiform, arcuate,
short, downy, colour of p.; g. narrow, adnate, denticulate, white then
pale ochre; sp. 7 long.
[=Cesatii=, Rab. P. sessile, resupinate, rather tough, soft, whitish or
pallid gilvous; g. broad, pallid; sp. pale yellow; sp. 6-7 x 4-6.
Habit of _Claudopus variabilis_, but p. not tomentose, g. not reddish,
and pale sp.
[=proboscideus=, Fr. P. resupinate, campan. vertex prominent,
pedunculate, even, pubescent, ochraceous; g. radiating from an excentric
point, thin, straight, colour of p.
Must be carefully distinguished from _Pax. panuoides_.
=epigaeus=, Pers. P. 1-2 cm. thin, reniform or flabellate, reddish-grey,
base downy, whitish; g. distinct, narrow, diverging, watery rufescent;
sp. 10 x 7.
Entire fungus soft and watery; growing on naked damp earth.
MELANOSPORAE.
A. _Gills free from stem._
=Chitonia=. Volva present, ring absent.
=Agaricus=. (= _Psalliota_, Fr.) Ring present, volva absent.
=Pilosace=. Volva and ring both absent.
B. _Gills attached to stem._ (Quite free from stem in some species
of _Coprinus_.)
+ _Stem with a distinct membranous ring._
=Stropharia=. Gills adnate dark brown or purplish.
=Anellaria=. Gills adnexed, grey and clouded with the black spores.
++ _Ring very imperfect or absent; gills decurrent._
=Gomphidius=. Gills subgelatinous.
+++ _Gills not decurrent, not adhering laterally when young, not
deliquescent._
=Hypholoma=. Gills sinuate, dark brown or blackish-purple; veil often
hanging in fragments from edge of pileus.
=Panaeolus=. Edge of pileus extending beyond the gills, pileus not
striate.
=Psathyrella=. Pileus sulcate or striate.
=Psathyra=. Stem fragile; edge of pileus straight when young.
=Psilocybe=. Stem tough; edge of pileus incurved when young.
++++ _Gills adhering laterally when young, deliquescing at
maturity._
=Coprinus=. Ring and volva present in some species, ring alone others,
both absent in others; gills adnate, adnexed or free.
+++++ _Flesh of pileus entirely absent, the gills radiating from
the stem free and unconnected by flesh above._
=Montagnites=. Volva present, buried in the ground.
CHITONIA, Fr.
=rubriceps=, Cke. and Mass. P. 2-3 cm. campan. then exp. umb.
reddish-brown; g. free, purplish-brown; s. 6-7 cm. hollow, paler than
p., volva large, free edge torn; sp. 12 x 6.
Introduced along with living plants into Kew Gardens.
[=coprinus=, Fr. (= _Ag. involucratus_, Mont.) P. fleshy, convex,
viscid, yellowish, sometimes floccosely scaly from fragments of volva;
g. free, smoky-black; s. fistulose, naked, whitish, volva very small.
Unless the small volva is noticed, this fungus will be considered as a
sp. of _Coprinus_.
AGARICUS, L.
A. EDULES. _Large, fleshy._
=augustus=, Fr. P. 8-14 cm. globose then exp. very obtuse, disc even,
rest fibrillosely-scaly, pale yellow-brown; g. crowded, narrow, fuscous,
remote from stem; s. 8-14 cm. solid, ring superior, large, areolately
squamulose below; sp. 6 x 3.5. Edible.
=peronatus=, Mass. P. hemispher. then exp. dull ochre, densely scaly; g.
distant from stem, crowded, purple-brown; s. 10-14 cm. equal,
marginately bulbous, hollow, with large spreading white scales up to
broad spreading ring; sp. 6 x 4. Edible.
Differs from _A. augustus_ in hollow, peronate stem.
=elvensis=, B. and Br. P. 9-15 cm. subglobose then exp. fibrillose,
broken up into large persistent brown scales, edge warted; g. crowded;
s. 8-12 cm. narrowed at base, fibrillose, ring large, thick, warted
below; sp. 8 x 4. Edible.
[=praenitens=, Beck. P. hemispher. exp. white, with densely imbricated
chestnut scales which become smaller and denser at disc; g. remote,
purple-brown, edge white; s. clavato-bulbous, concentrically scaly up to
large ring, white; sp. 7-8 x 5.
=arvensis=, Schaeff. P. 10-24 cm. conico-campan. then exp. smooth,
even, white often stained yellow, flesh white, unchangeable; g. close to
stem, narrow; s. 6-12 cm. hollow, whitish, floccosely stuffed, ring
pendulous, double, exterior radiately split; sp. 6 x 4. (9-11 x 6 Sacc.)
Edible.
var. _purpurascens_, Cke. Smaller than type. P. tinged purple.
Differs from _Ag. xanthodermus_ in the persistently white flesh.
=xanthodermus=, Genev. (= _Ag. flavescens_, Roze.) P. 6-10 cm. fleshy,
convex, even, glabrous, greyish-white, cuticle becoming yellowish when
touched, and the white flesh changing to yellow when broken; g. free,
sinuate, pale rose then grey, finally purple-brown; s. cylindrical,
stuffed, ring thin, flesh deep yellow at base, rest white; sp. ----.
Differs from _A. arvensis_ in flesh becoming yellow, and in yellow base
of stem.
[=ammophilus=, Menier. P. convex, exp. thick, whitish; g. free, crowded,
rosy; s. stout, solid, base more or less thickened, whitish, ring
membranous, strongly adherent to apex of s. slightly striate, with a
circular canal; sp. 6-7.5 x 4-7.
=cretaceus=, Fr. P. 6-9 cm. globose then convex, shining white, at first
smooth and silky, then fibrillosely squamulose; g. for a long time
white, then blackish-brown; s. 6-8 cm. white, hollow, ring large,
superior, fixed; sp. 9 x 6. Edible.
=pratensis=, Schaeff. P. 4-7 cm. ovoid then exp. even or squamulose,
greyish-white; g. rounded behind, grey then brown; s. 4-6 cm. stuffed,
base thickened, naked, ring median, simple, deciduous; sp. 6 x 3.5.
var. _fulveolus_, Lasch. P. squamuloso-fibrillose, yellowish or reddish;
s. hollow, yellowish; g. tawny-denticulate.
[=Bernardii=, Q. Compact, white, tomentose under a lens. P. 10-20 cm.
convex then exp. cracked into areolae, greyish-white; s. solid, stout,
ovate, striate at the apex, ring membranous, striate above; g. free,
greyish-pink then bay-brown; flesh white, becoming purplish then
brownish when broken; sp. subgl. 8.
Foetid. Edible.
=campestris=, L. 6-12 cm. convex then plane, floccosely silky or
fibrillose, whitish, flesh reddish-brown when cut; g. close to stem,
subliquescent, fleshy then umber; s. stuffed, even, white, ring median,
torn; sp. 7-8 x 5-6. Edible.
var. _alba_, Berk. P. rather silky white; s. short.
var. _praticola_, Vitt. P. with rufous scales, flesh reddish.
var. _rufescens_, Berk. P. rufous, minutely scaly; s. elongated.
var. _umbrina_, Vitt. P. even, umber; s. stout, squamulose.
var. _fulvaster_, Viv. P. even, ochraceous-tawny; s. solid; g. rosy then
blackish.
var. _villaticus_, Brond. P. cortex breaking up into scales; s.
peronately scaly up to inf. ring.
var. _silvicola_, Vitt. P. almost smooth, white, shining; s. stuffed,
elongated, subbulbous, ring simple, flesh not changing colour.
var. _robustissimus_, Pen. P. equal, large, 32 cm.; g. very broad, up to
2 cm.; s. tall, 13 cm. high, 6 cm. thick.
var. _exsertus_, Viv. P. fleshy, almost even, glabrous, white, flesh
red; s. hollow, slender, rather wavy, smooth ring small and torn,
appendiculate.
var. _hortensis_, Cke. P. fibrillose or squamulose, brownish. The
variety commonly cultivated in England.
var. _costatus_, Viv. P. sulcate, wavy.
var. _vaporarius_, Otto. P. and s. with a brown pilose covering.
var. _exannulatus_, Cke. P. squamulose; s. elongated, equal, solid, ring
evanescent or obsolete.
=perrera=, Schulz. (= _Psal. Bresadolae_, Schulz.) P. 8-10 cm.
hemispher. then exp. yellowish, centre tawny, covered with
concentrically arranged tawny scales; g. remote, crowded, joined in a
ring behind, rosy then fuscous; s. equal, 9-10 cm. stuffed then hollow,
base submarginately bulbous, with evanescent tawny scales below the
large superior ring; sp. 8-10 x 5.
[=bitorquis=, Q. P. 5-9 cm. globose then exp. almost glabrous,
milk-white then cream or ochre at the edge; g. remote from s. becoming
deep brown; s. solid, ovoid, glabrous, white, with a membranous ring
near the apex and a volva-like ring near the base, separated by a
concave notch; sp. 5-6 long. Edible.