AN EXCURSION--IGLOO BUILDING, AND FISHING UNDER THE ICE--A SNOW-TABLE
AND A GOOD FEAST--EDITH SPENDS THE NIGHT UNDER A SNOW-ROOF FOR THE FIRST
BUT NOT THE LAST TIME.
"Now then, Edith," cried Frank, looking in at the door of the hall,
"your carriage waits, and Chimo is very restive."
"Coming, coming," exclaimed a treble voice within; "I'm getting new
lines put to my snow-shoes, and will be ready in two minutes."
Two minutes, translated into female language, means ten, sometimes
twenty. Frank knew this, and proceeded to re-adjust the sash that
secured his leathern capote, as he walked towards the little sledge in
front of the fort. He then tied down the ear-pieces of his fur cap more
carefully, for it was very cold, though clear and sunny. The frost had
set fast the lake opposite the fort, and, by thus removing the
frost-cloud that overhung the open water farther out to sea, relieved
the fort from the mists in which it was usually enveloped. By this time
fifteen out of the "two" minutes having elapsed, he re-examined the lock
of his gun, and adjusted the warm deerskin robe on Edith's little
sledge, patted Chimo on the head, looked up at the clouds, and began to
whistle.
"Now, Frank, here I am," cried Edith, running towards him with her
snow-shoes in her hand, followed by her father and mother.
"Quiet, Chimo--down, sir!" said Frank, restraining the dog as it sought
to bound towards its mistress. Being harnessed to the sledge, this was
a very improper proceeding and was rebuked accordingly; so Chimo was
fain to crouch on the snow and look back at Edith as Frank placed her in
the sledge, and arranged the deerskin robes round her.
Edith wore a long fur cloak and cloth leggings. Her feet were protected
from the cold by two pair of blanket socks, besides very thick moccasins
of deerskin. The usual head-dress of civilised females in these regions
is a round fur cap; but Edith had a peculiar affection for the Cree
Indian headdress, and, upon the present occasion, wore one which was
lined with fur and accommodated with ear-pieces, to defy the winter
cold. The child's general appearance was somewhat rotund. Painters
would probably have said there was a little too much breadth, perhaps,
in the picture. Her pointed cap, however, with the little bow of ribbon
on the top, gave her a piquant air, and did away with the heavy
appearance of her costume to some extent; in fact, Edith looked like a
fat little witch. But if she looked fat before being wrapped up in the
sledge furs, she looked infinitely fatter when thus placed, and nothing
of her visible except her two twinkling eyes. So grotesque was she that
the whole party burst into a loud laugh as they surveyed her. The laugh
made Chimo start off at full gallop, which caused Frank to grasp the
line of the sledge that trailed behind, and hurry over the snow at a
most undignified pace.
"Take care of her," cried Mr Stanley.
"Ay, ay," shouted Frank.--"Softly, Chimo--softly, you rascal!"
In ten minutes the travellers were round the point and fairly out of
sight; but the shouts of Frank, and an occasional howl from Chimo,
floated back on the breeze as Stanley and his wife returned leisurely to
the hall.
The road, or rather the ground, over which Frank Morton drove Edith that
day was exceedingly rough and rugged--so rough that we will not try the
endurance of the reader by dragging him over it. We will merely
indicate its general features. First of all, they drove about three
miles along the level snow at the foot of the mountains. So far the
road was good; and Chimo went along merrily to the music of the little
thimble-like brass bells with which his harness was garnished. Then
they came to a ravine, and Edith had to get out, put on her snow-shoes,
and clamber up, holding by Frank's hand; while Chimo followed, dragging
the sledge as he best could. Having gained one of the terraces, Edith
slipped her feet out of the snow-shoe lines, jumped into the sledge, and
was swept along to the next ravine, where she got out again, resumed her
snow-shoes, and ascended as before. Thus they went up the ravines and
along the terraces until the summit of the first mountain range was
reached. Having rested here a few minutes, Edith once more got into the
sledge, and Chimo set off. But as there was now a long piece of level
ground over which for some miles they could travel in the direction of
the coast, Frank took the sled-line in his hand, and held the dog at a
quick walking pace. Afterwards they turned a little farther inland, and
came into a more broken country, where they had sometimes to mount and
sometimes to descend the hills. There were many gorges and narrow
fissures in the ground here, some of which were covered over and so
concealed with snow that the travellers ran some risk of falling into
them. Indeed, at one place, so narrow was their escape that Chimo fell
through the crust of snow, and disappeared into a fissure which
descended a hundred feet sheer down; and the sledge would certainly have
followed had not Frank held it back by the line; and Chimo was not
hauled up again without great difficulty. After this, Frank went in
front with a pole, and sounded the snow in dangerous-looking places as
he went along.
Towards the afternoon they arrived at the lake where they intended to
encamp, and, to their great delight, found Maximus there already. He
had only arrived a few minutes before them, and was just going to
commence the erection of a snow-house.
"Glad to see you, Maximus," cried Frank, as he drove up. "How's the old
woman, eh?"
"She small better," replied Maximus, assisting Edith to alight. "Dis
goot for fish."
Maximus was a remarkably intelligent man, and, although his residence at
the fort had been of short duration as yet, he had picked up a few words
of English.
"A good lake, I have no doubt," replied Frank, looking round. "But we
need not search for camping ground. There seems to be very little wood,
so you may as well build our hut on the ice. We shall need all our
time, as the sun has not long to run."
The lake, on the edge of which they stood, was about a mile in
circumferenee, and lay in a sort of natural basin formed by
savage-looking hills, in which the ravines were little more than narrow
fissures, entirely devoid of trees. Snow encompassed and buried
everything, so that nothing was to be seen except, here and there, crags
and cliffs of gray rock, which were too precipitous for the snow to rest
on.
"Now, Eda, I will take a look among these rocks for a ptarmigan for
supper; so you can amuse yourself watching Maximus build our house till
I return."
"Very well, Frank," said Edith; "but don't be long. Come back before
dark; Chimo and I will weary for you."
In a few minutes Frank disappeared among the rocks upon the shore; and
Maximus, taking Edith by the hand, and dragging her sledge after him,
led her a couple of hundred yards out on to the ice, or, more properly
speaking, the hard beaten snow with which the ice was covered. Chimo
had been turned loose, and, being rather tired after his journey, had
coiled himself up on a mound of snow and fallen fast asleep.
"Dis place for house," said Maximus, pausing near a smooth, level part
of the lake. "You stop look to me," he added, turning to the little
girl, who gazed up in his large face with an expression half of wonder
and half of fun. "When you cold, run; when you hot, sit in sled and
look at me."
In compliance with this request, Edith sat down in her sledge, and from
this comfortable point of view watched the Esquimau while he built a
snow-hut before her.
First of all, he drew out a long iron knife, which had been constructed
specially far him by Bryan, who looked upon the giant with special
favour. With the point of this he drew a circle of about seven feet in
diameter; and so well accustomed was he to this operation that his
circle, we believe, could not have been mended even by a pair of
compasses. Two feet to one side of this circle he drew a smaller one,
of about four feet in diameter. Next, he cut out of the snow a number
of hard blocks, which were so tough that they could not be broken
without a severe blow, but were as easily cut as you might have sliced a
soft cheese with a sharp knife. These blocks he arranged round the
large circle, and built them above each other, fashioning them, as he
proceeded, in such a manner that they gradually rose into the form of a
dome. The chinks between them he filled compactly with soft snow, and
the last block, introduced into the top of the structure, was formed
exactly on the principle of the key-stone of an arch. When the large
dome was finished, he commenced the smaller; and in the course of two
hours both the houses--or, as the Esquimaux call them, igloos--were
completed.
Long before this, however, Frank had returned, from an unsuccessful
hunt, to assist him; and Edith had wondered and wearied, grown cold and
taken to running with Chimo, and grown warm and returned to her sledge,
several times. Two holes were left in the igloos to serve as doors;
and, after they were finished, the Esquimau cut a square hole in the top
of each, not far from the key-stones, and above the entrances. Into
these he fitted slabs of clear ice, which formed windows as beautiful
and useful as if they had been made of glass. There were two doorways
in the large igloo, one of which faced the doorway of the smaller.
Between these he built an arched passage, so that the two were thus
connected, and the small hut formed a sort of inner chamber to the
larger.
"Now, dem done," said Maximus, surveying his work with a satisfied
smile.
"And very well done they are," said Frank. "See here, Eda, our
snow-fort is finished. The big one is to be the grand hall and
banqueting-room, and yonder little hut is your private boudoir."
"Mine!" exclaimed Edith, running away from Chimo, with whom she had been
playing, and approaching the new houses that had been so speedily put
up. "Oh, how nice! what fun! only think!--a snow bedroom! But won't it
be cold, Frank? And is the bed to be of snow too?"
The black moustache of the giant curled with a smile at the energy with
which this was said.
"We will make the bedsteads of snow, Eda," replied Frank, "but I think
we shall manage to find blankets of a warmer material.--Now, Maximus,
get the things put inside, and the lamp lighted, for we're all tired and
very hungry."
The lamp to which Frank referred was one which Maximus had brought,
along with a few other articles, from the Esquimau camp. It was made of
soft stone, somewhat in the form of a half moon, about eight inches long
and three broad, and hollowed out in the inside. Esquimaux burn
seal-fat in it, and in winter have no other means of warming their
houses or cooking their food. But for both purposes it is quite
sufficient. The heat created by these lamps, combined with the natural
warmth of the inhabitants, is frequently so great in the igloos of the
Esquimaux that they are fain to throw off a great portion of their upper
garments, and sit in a state of partial nudity; yet the snow-walls do
not melt, owing to the counteracting influence of the intense cold
without.
Maximus had brought some seal-fat, or blubber, along with him. A
portion of this he now put into the lamp, and, placing the latter on a
snow-shelf prepared expressly for it, he set it on fire. The flame,
although not very steady, was bright enough to illuminate the large
igloo, and to throw a strong gleam into the smaller one. Over this lamp
Frank placed a small tin kettle, filled with snow, which was speedily
converted into water; and while this was being boiled, he assisted Edith
in spreading out the bedding. As we have already said, the floor of
this snow-house was of the same material as the walls. But one-half of
it was raised about a foot above the other half, according to Esquimau
rules of architecture. This elevated half was intended for the bed,
which consisted of a large deer-skin robe, spread entirely over it, with
the soft hair upwards. Another large robe was placed above this for a
blanket, and a smaller one either for a pillow or an additional covering
if required; but both of these were tossed down in a heap at the present
time, to form a luxuriant seat for Frank and Edith. As their legs hung
over the edge of the elevated couch, they were thus seated, as it were,
on an ottoman. A mat of interlaced willows covered the floor, and on
this sat Maximus, towering in his hairy garments like a huge bear, while
his black shadow was cast on the pure white wall behind him. In the
midst stood a small table, extemporised by Frank out of a block of snow,
and covered with the ample skirt of his leathern topcoat, which the
increasing temperature of the air inside the igloo rendered too warm.
Beside Edith, on the most comfortable portion of the ottoman, sat Chimo,
with an air of majestic solemnity, looking, as privileged dogs always do
look under like circumstances, as if the chief seat belonged to him as a
matter not of favour but of right. On the table was spread a solid lump
of excellent pemmican--excellent, because made by the fair hands of Mrs
Stanley. It stood _vis-a-vis_ to a tin plate whereon lay three large
steaming cuts of boiled fresh salmon--fresh, because, although caught
some months before, it had been frozen solid ever since. There was a
large tin kettle of hot tea in the centre of the board--if under the
circumstances we may use the term--and three tin cups out of which to
drink it; besides a plate containing broken pieces of ship-biscuit and a
small quantity of sugar wrapped up in a morsel of paper. Also a little
salt in a tin box.
All these things, and tempting delicacies, had up till now been
contained within the compass of a small, compact, insignificant-looking
parcel, which during the journey had occupied a retiring position in the
hinder part of Edith's sledge--so true is it that the really _great_ and
the _useful_ court concealment until duty calls them forth and reveals
their worth and their importance to an admiring world. The admiring
world on the present occasion, however, consisted only of Frank, Edith,
Maximus, and Chimo; unless, indeed, we may include the moon, who at that
moment poured her bright beams through the ice-window of the hut and
flooded the centre of the snow-table with light.
"Aren't we snug, Eda?" cried Frank, as he filled her tin with tea.
"What a charming house! and so cheap, too! There's sugar beside you.
Take care you don't use salt by mistake.--Maximus, hold out your
pannikin. That's the true beverage to warm your heart, if you take it
hot enough."
"Tankee, sur," said the giant, extending his cup with one hand, while
with the other he forced into his capacious mouth as much pemmican as it
could hold.
"Frank," said Edith, "we must build an igloo at the fort when we
return."
"So we will, now that I know how to do it. Hand me the salt, please,
and poke Chimo's nose away from the salmon. Yes, and we'll invite papa
and mamma to come and take supper at _our_ house.--Maximus, is this the
exact way your friends build their winter houses?"
"Yis, sur," answered the Esquimau, looking up from the cut of salmon
which he lifted with his fingers in preference to a fork or knife. "Dey
always buil' um so. But not dis t'ing," he added, touching the
snow-table.
"No, I suppose not," said Frank. "I flatter myself that that is a
recent improvement."
"We do great many igloo sometime," continued Maximus, "vid two, t'ree,
four--plenty pass'ges goin' into von a-doder."
"What does he mean by that?" inquired Edith, laughing.
"I suppose he means that they connect a number of their igloos together
by means of passages.--And do they keep them as clean and snug as this,
Maximus?"
The Esquimau replied by a loud chuckle, and a full display of his
magnificent teeth, which Frank understood to signify a decided negative.
When supper was ended Chimo was permitted to devour the scraps, while
Frank assisted Edith to arrange her little dormitory. It was much the
same in its arrangements as the larger apartment, and was really as
comfortable and warm as one could desire. Returning to the large
apartment, Frank spread out the couch on which he and Maximus were to
repose; and then, sitting down beside the stone lamp, he drew forth his
Bible, as was his wont, and began to read.
Soon after lying down Edith heard the deep voices of her companions
engaged in earnest conversation; but these sounds gradually died away,
and she fell asleep, to dream of her berry-ravine at Fort Chimo. As the
night wore on, the deep breathing of the men told that they, too, had
sought and found repose. The lamp burned slowly down and went out, and,
when the moon threw her parting rays over the scene, there was nothing
to tell of the presence of human beings in that cold, wild spot, save
two little white mounds on the frozen lake below.