ADAM, 258
addition, 106
airborne, 90, 154, 158, 162
analog, 21, 45, 72, 74, 80, 125, 203
direct, 76, 79
direct-current, 76
discrete, 80
indirect, 76, 79
mechanical differential analyzer, 76
scaling, 76
Antikythera, 25
Apollo, 182
space vehicle, 169
applications, digital, 92
ASCC, 155
asynchronous, 255
Athena, 52
ballistic, 83
Bendix G-15, 183, 188
BINAC, 7, 47
BRAINIAC, 88, 117
CALCULO, 75
CLASS, 226-228
code, binary-coded decimal, 103, 106
color, 4
definition, 129
dictionary, 49, 50
difference engine, 5, 35
digital, 18, 45, 73, 84, 125, 203
division, 107
do-it-yourself, 75, 88, 117, 147
electrical-analog, 75
electronic, 1, 46, 122, 151
ENIAC, 7, 40, 46, 85, 215
ERMA, 173
family tree, 86
FINDER system, 161
flow chart, 58, 59
GE 210, 172
GE 225, 245
general-purpose, 54, 81, 191
gigacycle, 254
“Hand,” 132, 214, 215
household, 15, 257
hybrid, 80, 84, 92
ILLIAC, 197
input, 51, 54, 125
JOHNNIAC, 11, 47, 129, 140, 142
language, 233
LARC, 47, 162, 191
LGP-30, 198
limitations, 89
MANIAC, 47, 156, 165
Memex, 13
mill, 38, 51, 60
MIPS, 159
MOBIDIC, 157
MUSE, 48
music, 11, 92, 196, 257
on-line, 81, 205
on-stream, 83, 207
output, 51, 65, 125
parts, 50, 52, 53
problem-solving, 140, 143
Psychological Matrix Rotation, 78, 94
Q-5, 77
RAMAC, 150, 151, 198, 199
Range Keeper Mark I, 42
RAYDAC, 260
RCA 501, 151
“real-time,” 78, 168, 202, 205
RECOMP, 47
revolution, 251
Sabre, 183
SAGE, 3, 12, 37, 53, 158, 159, 226, 259
sequential, 126
“Shoebox,” 242
“software,” 54
spaceborne, 167
special-purpose, 79
SSEC, 155, 156
Stone Age, 21
store, 36, 62
STRETCH, 47, 48
subtraction, 106
testing, 117
UNIVAC, 47, 149, 151, 171, 221
VIDIAC, character-generator, 242
Zuse L23, 199
Computer Control Co., 260
Conjunctive operation, 37, 51, 110
Consciousness, 144, 145, 267
Continuous analog computer, 80
Continuous digital computer, 80
Continuous quantity, 73
Control, computer, 51, 56
Control Data Corp., 194
Conversion
analog-to-digital, 74
digital-to-analog, 74
Converters, 94
Cook, William W., 29
Copland, Aaron, 11, 196
Cornell Medical College, 123
Cornell University, 133
Corrigan Communications, 231
Council on Library Resources, 248
Counting
Australian, 20
birds, 18
boards, 20
digital, 84
machines, 20
man, 19
modulo-, 97, 101
Credit card, 13, 256
Cryogenics, 70
components, 63
Cryotron, 9, 88, 141, 254, 255
Cybertron, 135, 139
Cyborg, 265
Daedalus, 18
Darwin, Charles, 32, 137, 252
Data
link, 14, 185, 256
logger, 205
processing, 22, 171, 264
recording media, 57
Daystrom, Inc., 211
Dead Sea Scrolls, 235
Decimal system, 19
Decision-making, 91
Defense, use of computer, 259
Delay-line circuit, 63
DeMorgan, Augustus, 38, 110, 115
Department of Commerce, U. S., 149, 221
Department of Defense, U. S., 148, 234
Design, use of computer, 14, 172, 186, 268
Desk calculator, 51
Diagnostic use of computer, 194
Diamond Ordnance Fuze Laboratory, U. S. Army, 69
Dictionary, computer, 49, 50
DIDAK teaching machine, 224
Difference engine, 5, 35
Digiflex trainer, 225
Digital computer, 18, 45, 73, 84, 125, 203
Digital differential analyzer, 94
Digitronics, 236
Discrete quantity, 73
Disjunctive operation, 110
Division, computer, 107
Dodgson, Charles L., 38
Do-it-yourself computer, 75, 88, 117, 147
Douglas Aircraft Co., 65
Dow Chemical Corp., 208
Du Pont Corp., 208
Dunsany, Lord, 108
Eccles-Jordan circuit, 47
Eckert, J. Presper, 47, 85
EDGE computer system, 185
Education, use of computers, 219
_Elan vital_, 127
Election, use of computers, 150
Electric Questionnaire, 133
Electric utilities, use of computers, 93, 208
Electrical-analog computer, 75
Electrical logic machine, 44
Electronic computers, 1, 46, 122, 151
Elephant, compared with computer, 56
Encyclopedia Britannica, 6, 226
ENIAC computer, 7, 40, 46, 85, 215
_Erewhon_, 32, 121
ERMA computer, 173
Ernst, Heinrich, 132, 215
Euler, 142, 143, 163
EURATOM, 158
Family tree, computer, 86
Farnsworth Car Pool logic problem, 116, 118
Farrington Electronics, Inc., 240
Federal Aviation Authority, 149, 161
Federal Government, 148
Feedback principle, 36, 204
Fein, Louis, 260
Fermat’s theorem, 56
Ferranti, Ltd., 182
Ferrite cores, 9, 63, 131, 253
FIELDATA computer family, 157
FINDER computer system, 161
Finn, James D., 224
Flexibility of digital computer, 89
Flight simulator, 83
Flip-flop
circuit, 47, 63, 115
fluid, 70
Floating-point arithmetic, 108
Flow chart, computer, 58, 59
Flyball governor, 36, 203
Fluid computer, 70
Food Machinery Corp., 249
Ford Instrument Co., 42
Forrester, J. W., 199
_Fortune_, 245
_Frankenstein_, 42, 212
Freed, Roy, 152
Free learning, 7
Freight trains controlled by computer, 211
Game-playing, 8, 12, 143
Gaming theory, 92
Gardner, Martin, 140
GE 210 computer, 172
GE 225 computer, 245
General Dynamics Corp., 169, 183, 256
General Electric Co., 10, 45, 67, 76, 77, 79, 171, 172, 240
General Motors Corp., 218
General Precision, Inc., 69
General-purpose computer, 81, 85, 191
_Gestalt_ principle, 241
_Giant Brain_, 121
Gigacycle computer, 254
Gilfillan Radio, 67
Glenn, John, 3
Go (game), 143
Goal-seeking behavior, 124
Gödel, Kurt, 135
“Golem,” 27
Goodrich Tire & Rubber Co., 188
Goodyear
Aircraft Corp., 77
Tire & Rubber Co., 208
Goren, Charles, 226
Government, 258, 263
Greek numbers, 23
Grieg, 11
Grimaldi, 99
_Gulliver’s Travels_, 30
Half-adder, 107, 115
Hamilton, Sir William, 109
“Hand” computer, 132, 214, 215
Handwriting reader, 241
Harcourt-Brace, 226
_Harvard Business Review_, 171, 172
Harvard University, 132, 217, 224
Hawkeye aircraft computer, 162
Heath, D. C., and Co., 226
HAYSTAQ, 249
Heikolator computer, 195
Hero, 18
Heuristics, 56, 142
High-school computer training, 15, 220
High-temperature susceptibility, 69
Hilbert, David, 110
Hiller, Lejaren A., Jr., 197
Hindu numbers, 23
HIPO system, 195
Hippo problem, 155
Hoffman Electronics Corp., 267
Holland, James, 224
Hollerith coding, 42
Hollerith, Herman, 2, 41, 54, 148
Holmes, Oliver Wendell, 109
Homeostat, 124
Homer, 26, 47
Hood, H. P. & Sons, 206
Hoover Commission, 149
Hourglass, 24
Household computer, 15, 257
Hughes Aircraft Co., 203, 215, 222
Hugo, Victor, 251
Hybrid computer, 80, 84, 92
IBM cards, 41
IBM 704 computer, 8
IBM 1401 computer, 175
IBM 1620 computer, 177
IBM 7074 computer, 175
Icarus, 18
Ice cream, computer-made, 206
ILLIAC computer, 197
“Illiac Suite,” 196, 197
_Iliad_, 26, 235
India, chess legend, 99
Industrial Advertising Research Institute, 180
Industrial revolution, 173
Industry, 181
“Inflexible Logic,” 32
Information explosion, 245
Information retrieval, 14, 243, 246, 247
Input, computer, 51, 54, 125
Instamatic computer system, 183
Insurance, use of computer, 92, 173
Intellectronics, 258, 262
Intelligence, 124, 135
Interagency Data Processing Committee, 148
Internal Revenue Department, U. S., 150
International Air Transport Association, 235
International Association of Machinists, 218
International Business Machines Corp., 69, 237, 247, 255
Interlingua, 237
Inventory, 176, 185
Inverter, 114, 119
IRE, 170
Isaacson, L. M., 197
Jacquard, Joseph M., 4, 34, 41, 54, 202, 242
Jet engine simulator, 78
Jet Propulsion Laboratory, 169
Jevons, William S., 40
JOHNNIAC computer, 11, 47, 129, 140, 142
Johnson’s Wax Co., 178
Jones & Laughlin Steel Corp., 188, 189, 205
Journalistor, 64, 252
Kalin, Theodore, 45, 135
Kalin-Burkhart machine, 45
Kane, Sydney, 193
Kant, Immanuel, 135
Kelvin, Lord, 75
Kelvin wheels, 76
Khayyám, Omar, 108
KNXT, television station, 179
Kresge Eye Institute, 195
Kyoto University, 243
Lamb, Sydney, 238
Language, computer, 233
LARC computer, 47, 162, 191
Law, 232
Law Institute, American, 152
Learning, 123
forced, 133, 134
free, 7, 133
reinforced, 134
soldered, 7, 133
Learning, Inc., 226
Leibnitz, Gottfried, 24, 29, 85, 99, 109, 120
Lenkurt Electric Co., Inc., 190
LGP-30 computer, 198
Library, use of computers, 231
Limitations of computers, 89
Lincoln Laboratory, 124
Lindgren, Astrid, 3
Literature, computers in, 30
Litton Industries, 128
Livanov, M., 133
Lockheed Aircraft Corp., 185, 248
Logarithms, 30
Logic, 38, 90, 108, 229
Aristotelian, 109
Farnsworth problem, 116, 118
mathematical, 110
symbolic, 38, 109, 110, 115, 248, 255
unit, 60
Logical algebra, 40, 108
piano, 40
Loom, Jacquard, 34
Loy, W. D., 23
Luhn, H. P., 247
Lull, Ramon, 27, 28, 122
Lull’s wheel, 28
_Machine Design_, 180
Machine shop, use of computers, 209
Machine Translations, Inc., 239
MAD, computer language, 220
Maelzel chess automaton, 35
Magic squares, 142
Magnetic cores, 64
Magnetic disc, 63
Magnetic drum, 63
Magnetic films, 88, 255
Magnetic ink, 3, 240
Magnetic tape, 55
Majority rule checking, 60
Malin, David, 220, 221
Maloney, Russell, 32
Management games, 199
MANIAC computer, 47, 156, 165
Man-machine relationship, 258
Mark I computer, 46, 219
Marquand, Allan, 40, 44
Matsuzake, Kiyoshi, 21
Mauchly, John, 47, 85
Mayans, 24, 97
McCarthy, John, 170
McDonnell Aircraft Corp., 186
McDonough, James, 235
McDougall, W., 124
McGraw-Hill Book Co., 226
Mechanical-relay, 122
Mediation principle, 102
Medical diagnosis, 257
Medical Research Foundation, American, 193
Medical use of computers, 193
MEDLARS system, 194
Memex computer, 13
“Memistor,” 137
Memory computer, 51, 63, 254
BIAX, 10
MIND, 137
molecular, 64
scratch-pad, 63
unit, 62
Mercury space capsule, 168, 249
Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith, 236
Michigan State University, 151
MICR, 240
“Mill,” computer, 38, 51, 60
MIND memory unit, 137
Minneapolis-Honeywell Co., 162, 206, 208, 216
Minimax theory, 156
Minuteman missile, 4, 137, 168
MIPS computer, 159
MIT, 44, 169, 209, 215, 220
Mobot, 145, 215, 216, 266
MOBIDIC computer, 157
Modeling principle, 83
Modular approach, 115, 116
Molecular block memory, 64
Molecular circuit, 9, 253
Molecular electronics, 9
Monsanto Chemical Corp., 208
“Mooer’s” Law, 245
Morse code, 99
Mozart, 11, 197
Multiplication
computer, 61, 107
Russian peasant, 103
MUSE computer, 48
Music, 11, 92, 196, 257
Nanosecond, 61
NANWEP, 165
Napier, John, 30
“Napier’s bones,” 30
National Library of Medicine, 194
NASA, 149
National Bureau of Standards, 94, 239, 249, 258
National Cash Register Co., The, 240
National Science Foundation, 158, 249
Navigation, use of computer, 182
Navy, U. S., 162
Negation principle, 113, 114
Neuristor, 137
Neurons
human, 91, 125, 128, 135
artificial, 136, 138
Newell, Allen, 141, 251
Newton, Isaac, 30
New York University, 194, 220
Nike missile, 119, 157, 191
Nim (game), 8, 143
NORAD, 3, 160, 258
North American Aviation Corp., 65, 185
Numbers
cuneiform, 23
Arabic, 23
Babylonian, 23
binary, 55
discrete, 73
Greek, 23
Hindu, 23
pure binary, 102, 104
Roman, 23, 97
Numerical control, 210
Numerical weather prediction, 163
_Odyssey_, 235
Ohio State University, 222
On-line computers, 81, 205
On-stream computers, 83, 207
_On the Origin of Species_, 32
Operant reinforcement, 223
Operations research, 36, 155, 256
Optical scanning, 240
OR gate, 112, 113, 117, 119
_Outline of Psychology_, 124
Output, computer, 51, 65, 125
Packaging density, 9, 140
Paper tape, 54
Papermaking, 209
Paradox, 45
Parallel addition, 107
Parallel operation, 126
Parametron, 255
Parity bit checking, 105
Parrish, Stephen Maxfield, 235
Pascal, Blaise, 30, 85
Patent Office, U. S., 249
Pauling, Linus, 7, 268
Pavlov, 133
Peace Corps, 149, 258
Peale, Mundy, 125
PEP system, 186
Perceptron, 7, 8, 134, 135
PERT system, 186
Petroleum industry, 208
Philadelphia Electric Co., 208
Philco Corp., 240
Phillips Petroleum Co., 207
Phonetic typewriter, 56
Picatinny Arsenal, 157
Pierce, John R., 147, 197
Pitt, William, 39
Plato, 25, 30
PLATO computer system, 25, 226
Player-piano, 54, 68
“Plot Genii,” 29
Plotto, 29
Pneumatic buffering, 69
Pneumatic capacitor, 69
Pneumatic computer, 54, 68, 69
Pneumatic diode, 69
Pneumatic flip-flop, 69
Pneumatic inductor, 69
Poetry computer, 144
Polaris missile, 4, 162, 168
Polymorphic data-processing, 264
Post office, 55, 149, 225
Potentiometers, 76
Predictive analysis, 238
Predictive control, 205
Prentice-Hall, Inc., 226
President, 16, 258
Pressey, Sydney, 222
Prices, computer, 5, 48, 147
Primitive equations, 163
_Principia Mathematica_, 110
Printed-circuit, 62
Printers, 65, 66
Prison, use of computers, 221
Problem-solving computer, 140, 143
Process control, 83
Procter & Gamble, 249
Program, 52, 226
Programmer, 55, 56, 103, 104, 128, 233
Programming, 36, 55
Psychological Matrix Rotation Computer, 78, 94
Public Health Service, U. S., 194
Pueblo Indians, 97
Punched cards, 2, 34, 41, 42, 43, 54
Purdue University, 76, 220
Pure binary, 102, 104
Q-5 computer, 77
Radcliffe College, 224
Radiation effects, 69
RAMAC computer, 150, 151, 198, 199
Ramo, Simon, 258, 262
Rand Corp., 11, 129
Random-access memory, 63, 131
Random net, 136
Range Keeper Mark I computer, 42
RAYDAC computer, 260
Raytheon Co., 135, 136
RCA, 205, 218, 255
RCA 501 computer, 151
Reading, by computer, 3, 55, 229
_Reader’s Digest_, 236
Real estate, 179
“Real-time” computers, 78, 168, 202, 205
RECOMP computer, 47
Reeves Instrument Co., 77
Republic Aviation Corp., 125
Reservations, airline, 3
Reverberation circuit, 128
Revolution, computer, 251
Rheem Califone, 224
Richardson, L. F., 163
_Road to Oz, The_, 27
Robot, 44, 212
Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research, 194
Roman numerals, 23, 97
Rosenblatt, Frank, 133, 135
Ross, Douglas, 209
Rossby, C. G., 165
Royal McBee, Corp., 220
Royal Society, 251
_Rubáiyát_, 108
R.U.R., 44, 121
Russia, 11, 77, 133, 143, 195, 207, 215, 221, 236, 242
Russian peasant multiplication, 103
Russell, Bertrand, 110, 111, 130
Sabre computer, 183
SAC, 160, 161
SAGE computer, 3, 12, 37, 53, 158, 159, 226, 259
Samuel, Arthur, 251
Sara Lee Bakeries, 206
Sausage making by computer, 179
Scaling, analog computer, 76
_Scientific American_, 140, 239
“Sea Wolf” testing by computer, 162
Second industrial revolution, 171
Self-reproducing machines, 33, 268
Selfridge, Oliver, 124
Sequential computers, 126
Sex and numbers, 19
Shannon, Claude, 44, 110, 215
Shelley, Mary W., 42
“Shoebox” computer, 242
Sidewinder missile, 160
Signal Corps, U. S. A., 77
Simon, Herbert, 141
Simulator, 79, 169, 187, 189
Simulmatics Corp., 181
Simultaneous linear equations, 77
Skinner, B. F., 133, 223, 230
Skybolt missile, 160
Slide rule, 7, 85
Smee, Alfred, 121
Social Security, 149
“Software,” computer, 54
Solartron-John Brown, Ltd., 174
Sonotype, 243
_Son pan_, 23
“Sorcerer’s Apprentice,” 27
_Soroban_, 5, 22
Southern Methodist University, 179
Spaceborne computers, 167
Space flight, 3, 92
SPADATS system, 160
Special-purpose computers, 79
Speech computer, 242
Sperry Rand Corp., 255
Sports, use of computers, 198
SSEC computer, 155, 156
Standard Oil Co. of California, 207
Stanhope, Earl of, 39
demonstrator, 40
Stapledon, Olaf, 265
Steel mill, 189, 204
Steele, J. E., 132
Stock Exchange, American, 176
Stock market, 176, 177
Stone Age computer, 21
“Store” computer, 36, 62
Stravinsky, Igor, 197
STRETCH computer, 47, 48
Stromberg-Carlson, 191
“Subroutine” computer program, 59
Subtraction, computer, 106
Sumerian cuneiform, 23
Sundial, 24
Sun Oil Co., 208
Supermarket, use of computers, 13, 174
Surveyor space vehicle, 169
Swift, Jonathan, 30
Switch, statistical, 137
Syllogism, 26, 109
Symbiosis, 265
Symbolic logic, 38, 109, 110, 115, 248, 255
Synnoetics, 260
SYNTAC, 150
Synthetic rubber production, 208
System Development Corp., 156, 220, 226
Szoeny refinery, 207
_Tabula rasa_, 126
Tallies, 20
Tape memory, 64
magnetic, 54
paper, 54
TASCON, 180
Taylor, Frederick W., 171
Teaching machines, 6, 100, 222, 225
AutoTutor, 213, 225
CLASS, 226, 227, 228
DIDAK, 224
Digiflex, 225
PLATO, 226
Pressey, S., 222
Skinner, B. F., 133, 223, 230
Videosonic, 222
Technical Information Service, 249
Technical Operations, Inc., 150
Telecredit, 179
Teleflite, 183
Testing computers, 117
Texas Company, The, 208
Thinking, 123
molecular theory of, 268
Thompson Ramo Wooldridge, Inc., 226, 258
Thomson, James, 75
Thomson & McKinnon, 177
Thor missile, 167
Tick-tack-toe, 8, 143
Tik-Tok, 27
Titan missile, 168
TMI Grolier, 226
Torres y Quevedo, L., 35
Trading stamps with computers, 175
Traffic control, 218
Trains, 215
Transcontinental & Western Air Lines, 186
TransfeRobot, 4, 213, 217
Transportation, 181
Transistors, 9, 87, 144
Translation computer, 91, 92, 237
Traveling-wave tube, 255
Truth tables, 110, 112
Tunnel diode, 255te
Turing, A. M., 191
TutorText, 226
UNESCO, 236
Unimate, 4, 212, 213
Union Carbide, 208
Unitary system, 97
Unicall, 243
United Air Lines, 182, 183
United States Industries, Inc., 213, 218, 225
UNIVAC computer, 47, 149, 151, 171, 221
University of California, 76
University of California at Berkeley, 238
University of California at Los Angeles, 133, 219
University of Illinois, 78
University of London, 8
University of Michigan, 135, 220
University of Pennsylvania, 46
University of Philadelphia, 193
University of Southern California, 225
University of Washington, 152
Upjohn Co., The, 127
Vacuum tubes, 9, 63, 114, 122
van Vogt, A. E., 267
Venn, John, 29, 38
Videosonic trainer, 222
VIDIAC character-generator, 242
Vitruvius, 25
Vocal computer, 67
Voltaire, 29
Voltmeter, 76
von Braun, Wernher, 168
von Kempelen, Wolfgang, 35
von Neumann, John, 130, 137, 156, 251, 253
Wall Street, 6, 176
Walter, Grey, 251
Walnut information retrieval system, 246, 247
War strategy, 143
Water clock, 24
Watt, James, 36, 203
_Way of All Flesh, The_, 32
Wearever Aluminum Co., 236
Weather Bureau, U. S., 166
Weather map, 164
Weather prediction, 15, 163
Wells, H. G., 13, 121
Werner, Gerhard, 123
Western Electric Co., 212
Western Reserve University, 245
Westinghouse Corp., 76, 211, 218
Whitehead, A. N., 110, 130
Wiener, Norbert, 123, 251
Williams, John, 268
Wood, Tom, 21
_World Brain_, 13
Wright Brothers, 18
X-15 aircraft, 71, 160
Young & Rubicam, 181
Zero, concept of, 24
Zuse L23 computer, 199
Zworykin, Vladimir, 194
------------------------------------------------------------------------
● Transcriber’s Notes:
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