1 God Niyoh
2 Devil Onesoono
3 Man Najina
4 Woman Konheghtie
5 Boy Aksaa
6 Girl Exaa
7 Child Exaa
8 Infant Onoskwataa
9 Father (my) Ihani
10 Mother “ Iknoha
11 Husband “ Ionkniniago
12 Wife “ Iongiahisko
13 Son “ Ihihawog
14 Daughter “ Ikhehawog
15 Brother “ Itekyatehnonte
16 Sister “ Kekeaha
17 An Indian Ongwehowe
18 Head Onowaa
19 Hair Ononkia
20 Face Okonsa
21 Scalp Onoha
22 Ear Honta
23 Eye Okaghha
24 Nose Onyohsia
25 Mouth Sishakaent
26 Tongue Aweanaghsa
27 Tooth Onojia
28 Beard Okosteaa
29 Neck Onyaa
30 Arm Oneantsa
31 Shoulder Oghnesia
32 Back Eshoghne
33 Hand Eshoghtage
34 Finger Onia
35 Nail Ojeighta
36 Breast Oahsia
37 Body Oyeonta
38 Leg Oghsena
39 Navel Kotshetot
40 Thigh Onhoska
41 Knee Okontsha
42 Foot Oshita
43 Toe Oghyakwea
44 Heel Iyatage
45 Bone Ostienda
46 Heart Kawiaghsa
47 Liver Gotwesia
48 Windpipe Ohowa
49 Stomach Onekreanda
50 Bladder Onheha
51 Blood Otgweasa
52 Vein Ojinohyada
53 Sinew Ojinohyada
54 Flesh Owaho
55 Skin Ogoneghwa
56 Seat Ondiadakwa
57 Ankle Ojihougwa
58 Town Kanatae
59 House Kanosiod
60 Door Kanhoha
61 Lodge Teyetasta
62 Chief Aghseanewane
63 Warrior Osgeagehta
64 Friend Aterotsera
65 Enemy Ondateswaes
66 Kettle Kanadsia
67 Arrow Kanoh
68 Bow Adota
69 War Club Kajihwaodriohta
70 Spear Kaghsigwa
71 Axe Atokea
72 Gun Kaota
73 Knife Kainatra
74 Flint Atrakwenda
75 Boat Kaowa
76 Ship Kaowagowa
77 Shoe Ataghkwa
78 Legging Kaisra
79 Coat Atyatawitra
80 Shirt Nikaheha
81 Breechcloth Katrotaa
82 Sash Teatniagwistrista
83 Headdress Tiodnaawonhasta
84 Pipe Atsiokwaghta
85 Wampum Otkoa
86 Tobacco Oyeangwa
87 Sky Otshata
88 Heaven Kaohyage
89 Sun Kaaghkwa
90 Moon Soheghkakaaghkwa
91 Star Ojishonda
92 Day Onisrate
93 Night Asohe
94 Light Teyohate
95 Darkness Tiyotasontage
96 Morning Sedetsiha
97 Evening Okaasa
98 Spring Kagwetijiha
99 Summer Kakenhage
100 Autumn Kananagene
101 Winter Kohsreghne
102 Wind Kawaondes
103 Lightning Teweanihos
104 Thunder Kaweanotatias
105 Rain Ostaondion
106 Snow Onieye
107 Hail Oidriondio
108 Fire Ojista
109 Water Onikanos
110 Ice Oitre
111 Earth—Land Oeanja
112 Sea Kanyateowaneghne
113 Lake Kanyataeni
114 River Kihade
115 Spring Oghnawaot
116 Stream Oghyeanto
117 Valley Teyostowento
118 Hill Onontae
119 Mountain Onontowanea
120 Plain Kaheantae
121 Forest Kahago
122 Meadow Ustondriakta
123 Bog Oweanjanawe
124 Island Kaweghnod
125 Stone Kaskwa
126 Rock Osteaha
127 Silver Kawistanoo
128 Copper Ogwenida
129 Iron Kaniawasa
130 Lead Kanikanawis
131 Maize Oneha
132 Wheat Onajia
133 Oats Oats
134 Potatoe Onata
135 Turnip Okteha
136 Tree Krael
137 Wood Oyeanda
138 Pine Ostaa
139 Oak Kakata
140 Ash Kahoweya
141 Elm Oshkra
142 Basswood Ohotra
143 Shrub Ohonda
144 Leaf Ouraghta
145 Bark Owajista
146 Grass Owenoghkra
147 Nettle Owhesra
148 Weed Owenokrasod
149 Flower Oweha
150 Bread Onada
151 Indian Meal Oneha otetra
152 Flour Otetra
153 Meat Owahon
154 Fat Osea
155 Beaver Akaniago
156 Deer Wahontes
157 Bison
158 Bear Yekwai
159 Otter Jutedro
160 Fox Ishaie
161 Wolf Tahioni
162 Dog Shoas
163 Squirrel Joniskro
164 Hare Toutaend
165 Lynx
166 Panther
167 Muskrat Te out
168 Polecat Kanewageha
169 Hog Kwiskwis
170 Horse Kaondanenkwi
171 Cow Tidoskwaout
172 Sheep Teyodinekaondoa
173 Turtle Kaniaghtengowa
174 Toad Naskwagaonta
175 Insect Otsinowa
176 Snake Osaista
177 Bird Jiteae
178 Egg Onhosia
179 Feather Ostotra
180 Claw Otsiouhta
181 Beak Kaniantasa
182 Wing Kawaontes
183 Goose Honkak
184 Partridge Kawesea
185 Duck Oheao
186 Pigeon Jakowa
187 Plover
188 Turkey Sohout
189 Crow Kaghka
190 Robin Jiskoko
191 Eagle Nataongowa
192 Hawk Tekayatakwa
193 Snipe Tawistewi
194 Owl Owa
195 Woodpecker Kwaa
196 Fish Otsionda
197 Trout Tiadatsea
198 Bass Onoksa
199 Pike Jikonsis
200 Sturgeon Kajhista
201 Sunfish Oaghkwaonio
202 Fin Owaia
203 Scale Otsta
204 White Keaankea
205 Black Sweandaea
206 Red Otkwenjia
207 Blue Drinaea
208 Yellow Jitkwa
209 Green Drahtaea
210 Great Kowanea
211 Small Niwaa
212 Strong Kashatste
213 Weak Oyatakeaheyo
214 Old Ostea
215 Young Ongwetasea
216 Good Oyanri
217 Bad Waetgea
218 Handsome Oyanri
219 Ugly Waetkea
220 Alive Onhe
221 Dead Aweaheyea
222 Life Onhe
223 Death Keaheyea
224 Cold Otowi
225 Hot Otaiho
226 Sour Teyohyojis
227 Sweet Okao
228 Bitter Odjiwagea
229 I I
230 Thou Ise
231 He Aoha
232 She Kaoha
233 They Onoha
234 You Ye Johha
235 We Oukyoha
236 This Neangea
237 That Shigea
238 All Gwegon
239 Part Tewadisto
240 Who Sonaot
241 Near Niyoea
242 Far off Ino
243 To-day Wanewanisade
244 Yesterday Tedea
245 To-morrow Iyohea
246 By and by Swegeha
247 Yes Eghea
248 No Teah
249 Perhaps Tokatgisa
250 Above Hetgea
251 Under Nagon
252 Within Nagongwadi
253 Without Atstegwadi
254 On Ethogh
255 Something Tikaweaniyoh
256 Nothing Teaskoutea
257 One Skat
258 Two Tekni
259 Three Segh
260 Four Kei
261 Five Wis
262 Six Yei
263 Seven Jatak
264 Eight Tekro
265 Nine Tyohto
266 Ten Waghsea
267 Eleven Skatskaie
268 Twelve Tekniskaie
269 Thirteen Aghseghskaie
270 Fourteen Keiskaie
271 Fifteen Wiskaie
272 Sixteen Yeiskaie
273 Seventeen Jatakskaie
274 Eighteen Tikroskaie
275 Nineteen Tyohtoskaie
276 Twenty Tewaghsea
277 Thirty Seniwaghsea
278 Forty Keiniwaghsea
279 Fifty Wisniwaghsea
280 Sixty Yeiniwaghsea
281 Seventy Jatakniwaghsea
282 Eighty Tekroniwagshea
283 Ninety Tyohtoniwagshea
284 One hundred Skateweaniawe
285 Two hundred Tekniteweaniawe
286 One thousand Waghseanateweaniawe
287 Two thousand Teweaniaweetsaghsea
288 One million
289 To eat Eyondikoni
290 To drink Eyehnikiha
291 To run Tesental
292 To walk Eyohteanti
293 To dance Teyontkwa
294 To fly Teankate
295 To laugh Iyakoyonde
296 To cry Teyoseanthou
297 To burn Ewatsia
298 To love Teyondatnoonk
299 To go Eyonteandi
300 To stride Eyegoheg
301 To kill Eyondatriyo
302 To sing Eyontreanote
303 To sleep Jakota
304 To speak Iyeghtaea
305 To die Iyaihhe
306 To see Iyontkaghto
307 To hear Ayohonk
308 To think[114] Ayonontonio
309 War cry Yontskwaeonio
310 Retreat cry Jatego
311 To give Eayontatea
312 To carry Eyeha
313 To tie Ayeshaondak
314 Walking Goghteandiahandia
315 Singing Eeanot
316 Dancing Teyagotkwea
317 Crying Teyoseantwas
318 To be, or exist Nethonanyohtohaag
319 He is Aohase
320 I am Ii
[114] If there is no infinitive, insert verbs in their simplest
concrete form, i. e., indicative mood, present tense, first person,
singular, as, he thinks, &c.
(M.)
Letter from Mr. Richard U. Shearman to Henry R. Schoolcraft.
_Vernon, October 4th, 1845._
SIR: I completed the enumeration of the Oneida Indians some
days ago, but delayed sending a return to you to ascertain the Indian
names. It doubtless contains all the information you require at this
particular time. Several families are included in the marshal’s
enumeration of the inhabitants of the town of Vernon. The remainder
reside in Madison county.
The houses of these Indians are generally much better than the _log_
houses of the whites, being constructed of hewn, even jointed logs,
with shingle roofs and good windows. There are three good frame houses
belonging to them;—one of these is a very handsome one, belonging to
Skenado. I noticed in it some tasty fringed window curtains and good
carpets. The Indians whom you met at Oneida were the _flower_ of the
tribe, being mostly farmers, who raise a sufficiency of produce for
their comfortable support. There are several heads of families in my
list, who cultivate no land of their own, but gain a subsistence by
chopping wood and performing farm labor for others.
The whole number of families, I make, as you will perceive, 31. The
whole number of houses I believe is but 28, but in each of these houses
I found two families. The number of persons is 157. The count of last
winter, which made 180 souls, was made with reference to retaining
a certain amount of missionary funds, and Mr. Stafford, the Indian
attorney, tells me it was made too high. Skenado says the tribe in this
State numbers just 200 souls, of whom 40 are with the Onondagas.
_Vernon, December 16th, 1845._
“I have filled up your Indian vocabulary to-day. I wrote down the words
as they were given to me by one Johnson, a pretty intelligent man,
who sometimes acts as interpreter. My orthography may be somewhat at
fault, owing to my limited knowledge of the Indian manner of sounding
the letters of the English alphabet. In general, I have endeavored
to spell the words according to their sound in English, though the
letter _a_ is used often as in the English, and often to express the
sound of _ah!_ With this exception, and the use of _hon_, _han_ and
_hun_, to express a sound of which nothing in the English can convey
an accurate impression, the spelling accords with the pronunciation.
The Indian from whom I obtained the information informs me he knows of
no words in his language to express such large numbers as _thousands_
and _millions_. I have, therefore, in the cases of those numbers,
filled the blanks with the Indian for _ten hundred_ and _ten hundred
thousand_; that is, in the latter case, _ten hundred ten hundreds_.
“I hope the table will be satisfactory, and that it may be of aid to
you in making the comparison between the languages which you desire.
“Believe me, your friend, &c.
“RICHARD U. SHEARMAN.”