THE PIKE PERCH.
_Lucioperca Americana._--This fish is mentioned more on account of the
absurd misnomers that have been applied to it, to warn persons against
similar errors, than on account of its sporting qualities. There appears
to be some confusion among naturalists concerning this family; there is
probably an undescribed species. Dr. De Kay mentions a bluish fish which
he regarded not as a distinct variety, but as an aged specimen. By a
close comparison of the two, I am satisfied that although the scientific
peculiarities are wonderfully alike, there are substantial differences.
The Pike Perch is called the Glass-eye, the Big-eyed Pike, the Pickerel,
Pickering, and Pike of the Lakes; whereas a simple suggestion will
establish the difference between it and the pikes or pickerel. The
latter has all the fin-rays soft, and the ventrals in the centre of the
abdomen, whereas this fish, which is a true perch, has many spinous
rays, and the ventrals close beneath and just behind the pectorals.
The Pike Perch is of an olive color on the back, yellowish on the sides,
and white beneath. It attains a weight of thirty pounds, and is
distinguished particularly by the peculiarity of having the membrane
attached to the last two rays of the first dorsal jet black, whereas
that attached to the other rays is yellow. The lower edge of the
gill-cover has been described as smooth, but I find the fore part of it
slightly serrated; the posterior part has one flat spine, beyond which
there is a pointed membrane, and above a rudimentary spine. There is a
series of sharp teeth on both jaws and the gill-arches, two in the front
of each jaw being long and conspicuous. The base of the tongue is
roughened but toothless, and I can find no teeth on the vomer. The
scales are not large, and have the edges marked out by a series of dots.
The fins, as I make them, are--
Br. 7; D. 13.2.20; P. 10; V. 1.5; A. 1.14; C. 17-3/3.
But according to Dr. De Kay they are--
Br. 7; D. 13.1.21; P. 15; V. 1.5; A. 1.14; C. 17-3/3.
The color of the anal is reddish yellow; of the ventrals light yellow,
and pectorals yellowish olive. There are scales on the gill-covers;
those on the fore gill-cover being scattered and few. Beyond these
differences my examination found the ordinary pike of the lakes to
accord with the description of Dr. De Kay; but the other species that I
have mentioned was very different both in color and appearance, and is,
as I conceive, the true Ohio salmon, a name that has been applied to the
species just described.
As for the color in the latter species, that was totally different,
being so far like the salmon as to have no doubt given origin to the
name. It is bluish grey on the back, greyer on the sides, and white on
the abdomen. The only part of membrane of the dorsal of the salmon that
is black is that attached to the last spine alone of the first dorsal.
The shape of the fore gill-cover is slightly different, and the spines
on its edge are more distinct, and regular, like teeth. There are no
bars on any fin except the dorsal; there are no scales on the
gill-cover, and the fins are all light and transparent. There are minute
teeth on the base of the tongue.
The fish that this description is taken from were found in New York
market on the 25th day of February, and may have been altered by their
winter dress; but they were unknown to the fish-dealers, one of whom
called my attention to them and inquired their name. They did not weigh
over a pound, and the largest was fifteen inches long, of which the head
was four. Of the dorsal, the second, third and fourth rays were the
longest. Being but a sportsman, I mention these matters to attract the
attention of the learned, who would do us a favor if they would seek out
the old Indian names to apply to our anonymous fish.
There is a third described species of _lucioperca_ or pike perch, as the
word means; _lucioperca grisea_, that is found in the limits of New
York, as well as the _lucioperca canadensis_, which belongs to Canada.
It is to be observed that Dr. De Kay puts the length of the _lucioperca
americana_ at 14.5, but says they are occasionally much larger; whereas
the fish known as the pike of the lakes is taken in immense quantities
in Lake Ontario, in April, of twenty pounds’ weight, and rarely falls
below five. There is a small pike perch known as the sorga, with the
same general characteristics, but with the membrane attached to the last
spine-ray of the first dorsal alone black. The back is yellow mottled
with black, and shaded down the sides to white on the abdomen; the
first dorsal is yellow with dusky spots; the second dorsal and tail
yellow with dusky bars; the gill-cover is scaled and the fore gill-cover
partly scaled. It is precisely the shape of what I call the Ohio salmon
but of a totally different color. Its length is about twelve inches, and
its weight does not exceed a pound. The fin-rays are--
Br. 7; D. 12.1.18; P. 12; V. 5; A. 1.11; C. 17-6/6.
There are unquestionably at least three distinct varieties, besides the
grey and the Canadian pike perch; they are popularly known as the pike
the sorga, and the Ohio salmon, and all are highly esteemed for the
table.
[Illustration: _Pike Perch_]