There is one grievance which the medical officers, in common with their
combatant brethren, have to complain of--I refer to _compulsory
shaving_; neither is this by any means so insignificant a matter as it
may seem. It may appear a ridiculous statement, but it is nevertheless
a true one, that this regulation has caused many a young surgeon to
prefer the army to the navy. "Mere dandies," the reader may say, "whom
this grievance would affect;" but there is many a good man a dandy, and
no one could surely respect a man who was careless of his personal
appearance, or who would willingly, and without a sigh, disfigure his
face by depriving it of what nature considers both ornate and useful--
ornate, as the ladies and the looking-glass can prove; and useful, as
the blistered chin and upper lip of the shaven sailor, in hot climates,
points out. From the earliest ages the moustache has been worn,--even
the Arabs, who shave the head, leave untouched the upper lip. What
would the pictures of some of the great masters be without it? Didn't
the Roman youths dedicate the first few downy hairs of the coming
moustache to the gods? Does not the moustache give a manly appearance
to the smallest and most effeminate? Does it not even beget a certain
amount of respect for the wearer? What sort of guys would the razor
make of Count Bismark, Dickens, the Sultan of Turkey, or Anthony
Trollope? Were the Emperor Napoleon deprived of his well-waxed
moustache, it might lose him the throne of France. Were Garibaldi to
call on his barber, he might thereafter call in vain for volunteers, and
English ladies would send him no more splints nor sticking-plaster.
Shave Tennyson, and you may put him in petticoats as soon as you please.
As to the moustache movement in the navy, it is a subject of talk--
admitting of no discussion--in every mess in the service, and thousands
are the advocates in favour of its adoption. Indeed, the arguments in
favour of it are so numerous, that it is a difficult matter to choose
the best, while the reasons against it are few, foolish, and despotic.
At the time when the Lords of the Admiralty gave orders that the navy
should keep its upper lip, and three fingers' breadth of its royal chin,
smooth and copper-kettlish, it was neither fashionable nor respectable
to wear the moustache in good society. Those were the days of
cabbage-leaf cheeks, powdered wigs, and long queues; but those times are
past and gone from every corner of England's possessions save the navy.
Barberism has been hunted from polite circles, but has taken refuge
under the trident of old Neptune; and, in these days of comparative
peace, more blood in the Royal Navy is drawn by the razor than by the
cutlass.
In our little gunboat on the coast of Africa, we, both officers and men,
used, under the rose, to cultivate moustache and whiskers, until we fell
in with the ship of the commodore of the station. Then, when the
commander gave the order, "All hands to shave," never was such a
hurlyburly seen, such racing hither and thither (for not a moment was to
be lost), such sharpening of scissors and furbishing up of rusty razors.
On one occasion I remember sending our steward, who was lathering his
face with a blacking-brush, and trying to scrape with a carving-knife,
to borrow the commander's razor; in the mean time the commander had
despatched his soapy-faced servant to beg the loan of mine. Both
stewards met with a clash, nearly running each other through the body
with their shaving gear. I lent the commander a Syme's bistoury, with
which he managed to pluck most of the hairs out by the root, as if he
meant to transplant them again, while I myself shaved with an amputating
knife. The men forward stuck by the scissors; and when the commander,
with bloody chin and watery eyes, asked why they did not shave,--"Why,
sir," replied the bo'swain's mate, "the cockroaches have been and gone
and eaten all our razors, they has, sir."
Then, had you seen us reappear on deck after the terrible operation,
with our white shaven lips and shivering chins, and a foolish grin on
every face, you would, but for our uniform, have taken us for tailors on
strike, so unlike were we to the brave-looking, manly dare-devils that
trod the deck only an hour before.
And if army officers and men have been graciously permitted to wear the
moustache since the Crimean war, why are not we? But perhaps the navy
took no part in that gallant struggle. But if we _must_ continue to do
penance by shaving, why should it not be the crown of the head, or any
other place, rather than the upper lip, which every one can see?
One item of duty there is, which occasionally devolves on the medical
officer, and for the most part goes greatly against the feelings of the
_young_ surgeon; I refer to his compulsory attendance at floggings. It
is only fair to state that the majority of captains and commanders use
the cat as seldom as possible, and that, too, only sparingly. In some
ships, however, flogging is nearly as frequent as prayers of a morning.
Again, it is more common on foreign stations than at home, and boys of
the first or second class, marines, and ordinary seamen, are for the
most part the victims.
I do not believe I shall ever forget the first exhibition of this sort I
attended on board my own ship; not that the spectacle was in any way
more revolting than scores I have since witnessed, but because the sight
was new to me.
I remember it wanted fully twenty minutes of seven in the morning, when
my servant aroused me.
"Why so early to-day?" I inquired as I turned out.
"A flaying match, you know, sir," said Jones.
My heart gave an anxious "thud" against my ribs, as if I myself were to
form the "ram for the sacrifice." I hurried through with my bath, and,
dressing myself as if for a holiday, in cocked hat, sword, and undress
coat, I went on deck. We were at anchor in Simon's Bay. All the
minutiae of the scene I remember as though it were but yesterday,
morning was cool and clear, the hills clad in lilac and green, seabirds
floating high in air, and the waters of the bay reflecting the line of
the sky and the lofty mountain-sides, forming a picture almost dreamlike
in its quietness and serenity. The men were standing about in groups,
dressed in their whitest of pantaloons, bluest of smocks, and neatest of
black silk neckerchiefs. By-and-bye the culprit was led aft by a file
of marines, and I went below with him to make the preliminary
examination, in order to report whether or not he might be fit for the
punishment.
He was as good a specimen of the British marine as one could wish to
look upon, hardy, bold, and wiry. His crime had been smuggling spirits
on board.
"Needn't examine me, Doctor," said he; "I ain't afeard of their four
dozen; they can't hurt me, sir,--leastways my back you know--my breast
though; hum-m!" and he shook his head, rather sadly I thought, as he
bent down his eyes.
"What," said I, "have you anything the matter with your chest?"
"Nay, Doctor, nay; its my feelins they'll hurt. I've a little girl at
home that loves me, and--bless you, sir, I won't look her in the face
again no-how."
I felt his pulse. No lack of strength there, no nervousness; the artery
had the firm beat of health, the tendons felt like rods of iron beneath
the finger, and his biceps stood out hard and round as the mainstay of
an old seventy-four.
I pitied the brave fellow, and--very wrong of me it was, but I could not
help it--filled out and offered him a large glass of rum.
"Ah! sir," he said, with a wistful eye on the ruby liquid, "don't tempt
me, sir. I can bear the bit o' flaying athout that: I wouldn't have my
messmates smell Dutch courage on my breath, sir; thankee all the same,
Doctor." And he walked on deck and surrendered himself.
All hands had already assembled, the men and boys on one side, and the
officers, in cocked hats and swords, on the other. A grating had been
lashed against the bulwark, and another placed on deck beside it. The
culprit's shoulders and back were bared, and a strong belt fastened
around the lower part of the loins for protection; he was then firmly
tied by the hands to the upper, and by the feet to the lower grating; a
little basin of cold water was placed at his feet; and all was now
prepared. The sentence was read, and orders given to proceed with the
punishment. The cat is a terrible instrument of torture; I would not
use it on a bull unless in self-defence: the shaft is about a foot and a
half long, and covered with green or red baize according to taste; the
thongs are nine, about twenty-eight inches in length, of the thickness
of a goose-quill, and with two knots tied on each. Men describe the
first blow as like a shower of molten lead.
Combing out the thongs with his five fingers before each blow, firmly
and determinedly was the first dozen delivered by the bo'swain's mate,
and as unflinchingly received.
Then, "One dozen, sir, please," he reported, saluting the commander.
"Continue the punishment," was the calm reply.
A new man and a new cat. Another dozen reported; again, the same reply.
Three dozen. The flesh, like burning steel, had changed from red to
purple, and blue, and white; and between the third and fourth dozen, the
suffering wretch, pale enough now, and in all probability sick, begged a
comrade to give him a mouthful of water. There was a tear in the eye of
the hardy sailor who obeyed him, whispering as he did so--
"Keep up, Bill; it'll soon be over now."
"Five, six," the corporal slowly counted--"seven, eight." It is the
last dozen, and how acute must be the torture! "Nine, ten." The blood
comes now fast enough, and--yes, gentle reader, I _will_ spare your
feelings. The man was cast loose at last and put on the sick-list; he
had borne his punishment without a groan and without moving a muscle. A
large pet monkey sat crunching nuts in the rigging, and grinning all the
time; I have no doubt _he_ enjoyed the spectacle immensely, _for he was
only an ape_.
Tommie G--was a pretty, fair-skinned, blue-eyed boy, some sixteen
summers old. He was one of a class only too common in the service;
having become enamoured of the sea, he had run away from his home and
joined the service; and, poor little man! he found out, when too late,
that the stern realities of a sailor's life did not at all accord with
the golden notions he had formed of it. Being fond of stowing himself
away in corners with a book, instead of keeping his watch, Tommie very
often got into disgrace, spent much of his time at the mast-head, and
had many unpleasant palmar rencounters with the corporal's cane. One
day, his watch being over, he had retired to a corner with his little
"ditty-box."
Nobody ever knew one-half of the beloved nicknacks and valued nothings
he kept in that wee box: it was in fact his private cabin, his sanctum
sanctorum, to which he could retreat when anything vexed him; a sort of
portable home, in which he could forget the toils of his weary watch,
the giddy mast-head, or even the corporal's cane. He had extracted, and
was dreamily gazing on, the portrait of a very young lady, when the
corporal came up and rudely seized it, and made a very rough and
inelegant remark concerning the fair virgin.
"That is my sister," cried Tommie, with tears in his eyes.
"Your sister!" sneered the corporal; "she is a--" and he added a word
that cannot be named. There was the spirit of young England, however,
in Tommie's breast; and the word had scarcely crossed the corporal's
lips, when those lips, and his nose too, were dyed in the blood the
boy's fist had drawn. For that blow poor Tommie was condemned to
receive four dozen lashes. And the execution of the sentence was
carried out with all the pomp and show usual on such occasions. Arrayed
in cooked-hats, epaulets, and swords, we all assembled to witness that
helpless child in his agony. One would have thought that even the rough
bo'swain's mate would have hesitated to disfigure skin so white and
tender, or that the frightened and imploring glance Tommie cast upward
on the first descending lash would have unnerved his arm. Did it? No,
reader; pity there doubtless was among us, but mercy--none. Oh! we were
a brave band. And the poor boy writhed in his agony; his screams and
cries were heartrending; and, God forgive us! we knew not till then he
was an orphan, till we heard him beseech his mother in heaven to look
down on her son, to pity and support him. Ah! well, perhaps she did,
for scarcely had the third dozen commenced when Tommie's cries were
hushed, his head drooped on his shoulder like a little dead bird's, and
for a while his sufferings were at an end. I gladly took the
opportunity to report further proceedings as dangerous, and he was
carried away to his hammock.
I will not shock the nerves and feelings of the reader by any further
relation of the horrors of flogging, merely adding, that I consider
corporal punishment, as applied to men, _cowardly, cruel_, and debasing
to human nature; and as applied to boys, _brutal_, and sometimes even
_fiendish_. There is only one question I wish to ask of every
true-hearted English lady who may read these lines--Be you sister, wife,
or mother, could you in your heart have respected the commander who,
with folded arms and grim smile, replied to poor Tommie's frantic
appeals for mercy, "Continue the punishment"?
The pay of medical officers is by no means high enough to entice young
doctors, who can do anything like well on shore, to enter the service.
Ten shillings a day, with an increase of half-a-crown after five years'
service on full pay, is not a great temptation certainly. To be sure
the expenses of living are small, two shillings a day being all that is
paid for messing; this of course not including the wine-bill, the size
of which will depend on the "drouthiness" of the officer who contracts
it. Government provides all mess-traps, except silver forks and spoons.
Then there is uniform to keep up, and shore-going clothes to be paid
for, and occasionally a shilling or two for boat-hire. However, with a
moderate wine-bill, the assistant-surgeon may save about four shillings
or more a day.
Promotion to the rank of surgeon, unless to some fortunate individuals,
comes but slowly; it may, however, be reckoned on after from eight to
ten years. A few gentlemen out of each "batch" who "pass" into the
service, and who have distinguished themselves at the examination, are
promoted sooner.
It seems to be the policy of the present Director-General to deal as
fairly as possible with every assistant-surgeon, after a certain
routine. On first joining he is sent for a short spell--too short,
indeed--to a hospital. He is then appointed to a sea-going ship for a
commission--say three years--on a foreign station. On coming home he is
granted a few months' leave on full pay, and is afterwards appointed to
a harbour-ship for about six months. By the end of this time he is
supposed to have fairly recruited from the fatigues of his commission
abroad; he is accordingly sent out again to some other foreign station
for three or four years. On again returning to his native land, he
might be justified in hoping for a pet appointment, say to a hospital,
the marines, a harbour-ship, or, failing these, to the Channel fleet.
On being promoted he is sent off abroad again, and so on; and thus he
spends his useful life, and serves his Queen and country, and earns his
pay, and generally spends that likewise.
Pensions are granted to the widows of assistant-surgeons--from forty to
seventy pounds a year, according to circumstances; and if he leaves no
widow, a dependent mother, or even sister, may obtain the pension. But
I fear I must give, to assistant-surgeons about to many, Punch's advice,
and say most emphatically, "Don't;" unless, indeed, the dear creature
has money, and is able to purchase a practice for her darling doctor.
With a little increase of pay ungrudgingly given, shorter commissions
abroad, and less of the "bite and buffet" about favours granted, the
navy would be a very good service for the medical officer.
However, as it is, to a man who has neither wife nor riches, it is, I
dare say, as good a way of spending life as any other; and I do think
that there are but few old surgeons who, on looking back to the life
they have led in the navy, would not say of that service,--"With all thy
faults I love thee still."
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The End.