the Government, if some of them attempt to use arms against the
soldiers or gendarmes, arms shall be employed against them and they
shall be taken, dead or alive. In like manner those who, in
opposition to the Government’s decision, refrain from leaving or
seek to hide themselves—if they are sheltered or given food and
assistance, the persons who thus shelter or aid them shall be sent
before the Court Martial for execution.
-----
Footnote 278:
Miss Egan writes that she managed to bring this document out of
Turkey by copying it on the margins of the inner pages of a book,
which she pretended to be reading when the Turkish officials
searched her at the frontier. The book was examined, but the
marginal pencilling passed undetected.
Footnote 279:
_i.e._, Russia.
ANNEXE D. [280]: STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF THE RACIAL ELEMENTS IN THE
OTTOMAN VILAYETS OF ERZEROUM, VAN, BITLIS, MAMOURET-UL-AZIZ,
DIYARBEKIR, AND SIVAS[281]; DRAWN UP IN 1912 BY THE ARMENIAN
PATRIARCHATE AT CONSTANTINOPLE.
────┬────────────────────────┬─────────┬─────────┬────────┬─────────┬──────────
│ │ │ │ │Mamouret-│
Nos.│ Nations and Races. │Erzeroum.│ Van.│ Bitlis.│ ul-Aziz.│Diyarbekir.
────┼────────────────────────┼─────────┼─────────┼────────┼─────────┼──────────
1.│Turks │ 240,000│ 47,000│ 40,000│ 102,000│ 45,000
2.│Circassians (immigrants)│ 7,000│ —│ 10,000│ —│ —
3.│Persians │ 13,000│ —│ —│ —│ —
4.│Lazes │ 10,000│ —│ —│ —│ —
5.│Gipsies │ —│ 3,000│ —│ —│ —
. 6.│Sedentary Kurds │ 35,000│ 32,000│ 35,000│ 75,000│ 30,000
7.│Nomadic Kurds │ 40,000│ 40,000│ 42,000│ 20,000│ 25,000
8.│Kizilbashis │ 25,000│ —│ 8,000│ 80,000│ 27,000
9.│Zaza-Tmbli-Tchariklis │ 30,000│ —│ 47,000│ —│ —
10.│Yezidis │ 3,000│ 25,000│ 5,000│ —│ 4,000
11.│ARMENIANS │ 215,000│ 185,000│ 180,000│ 168,000│ 105,000
12.│Nestorians, Jacobites, │ —│ 18,000│ 15,000│ 5,000│ 60,000
│and Chaldaeans │ │ │ │ │
13.│Greeks and other │ 12,000│ —│ —│ —│ —
│Christians │ │ │ │ │
────┼────────────────────────┼─────────┼─────────┼────────┼─────────┼──────────
│ │ 630,000│ 350,000│ 382,000│ 450,000│ 296,000
────┴────────────────────────┴─────────┴─────────┴────────┴─────────┴──────────
────┬────────────────────────┬─────────┬─────────┬─────────────┬──────────
Nos.│ Nations and Races. │ Sivas.│ Total.│ % │ Total %
────┼────────────────────────┼─────────┼─────────┼─────────────┼──────────
1.│Turks │ 192,000│ 666,000│ 25.4 │ }
2.│Circassians (immigrants)│ 45,000│ 62,000│} │}
3.│Persians │ —│ 13,000│} 3.4 │} Moslems,
4.│Lazes │ —│ 10,000│} │} 45.1
5.│Gipsies │ —│ 3,000│} │}
. 6.│Sedentary Kurds │ 35,000│ 242,000│ 9.2 } 16.3│}
7.│Nomadic Kurds │ 15,000│ 182,000│ 7.1 } │}
8.│Kizilbashis │ —│ 140,000│ 5.3 } 8.2│} Various,
9.│Zaza-Tmbli-Tchariklis │ —│ 77,000│ 2.9 } │} 9.7
10.│Yezidis │ —│ 37,000│ 1.4 │⎭
11.│ARMENIANS │ 165,000│1,018,000│ 38.9 │⎫ Christians
12.│Nestorians, Jacobites, │ 25,000│ 123,000│ 4.7 │⎬ 45.2
│and Chaldaeans │ │ │ │⎬
13.│Greeks and other │ 30,000│ 42,000│ 1.6 │⎭
│Christians │ │ │ │
│ │ 507,000│2,615,000│ 100% │ 100%
────┴────────────────────────┴─────────┴─────────┴─────────────┴──────────
_Moslems._
Turks 666,000 }
Kurds 424,000 } 45.1%
Other Moslems 88,000 }
——-—
TOTAL 1,178,000
_Various Religions._
Kizilbashis 140,000 }
Zaza-Tmbli-Tchariklis 77,000 } 9.6%
Yezidis 37,000 }
—————
TOTAL 254,000
_Christians._
Armenians 1,018,000 }
Nestorians 123,000 } 45.2%
Greeks, etc. 42,000 }
—————
TOTAL 1,183,000
_Summary of Totals._
Christians 1,183,000 = 45.2%
Moslems 1,178,000 = 45.1%
Various Religions 254,000 = 9.7%
—————
GRAND TOTAL 2,615,000
-----
Footnote 280:
Reprinted from “La Question Arménienne à la Lumière des
Documents,” par “Marcel Léart” (Paris, 1913).
Footnote 281:
The analysis excludes certain portions of these provinces where
the Armenians are only a minor element. These portions are as
follows:—Hakkiari, in the Vilayet of Van; the south of Sairt, in
the Vilayet of Bitlis; the south of the Vilayet of Diyarbekir; the
south of Malatia, in the Vilayet of Mamouret-ul-Aziz; the
north-west and west of the Vilayet of Sivas.
ANNEXE E. [282]: STATISTICAL SCHEDULE OF ARMENIAN SCHOOLS IN THE
OTTOMAN EMPIRE, DRAWN UP IN 1901-2 BY THE ARMENIAN PATRIARCHATE
AT CONSTANTINOPLE.
─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
Geographical Schools. Boy Girl Teachers.
Districts Pupils Pupils
─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
THE SIX VILAYETS.
Sairt 3 163 84 11
Amasia-Marsovan 9 1,524 814 54
Shabin Kara-Hissar 27 2,040 105 42
Erzeroum 27 1,956 ,178 85
Kighi 27 1,336 367 43
Baïbourt 9 645 199 32
Diyarbekir 4 690 324 27
Harpout 27 2,058 496 58
Eghin 4 541 215 22
Tchemesh-Getzak 12 456 272 15
Arabkir 18 713 223 25
Tcharsandjak 12 617 189 18
Etesia 8 1,091 571 26
Gurin 12 736 78 20
Darandé 2 260 70 5
Divrig 10 757 100 20
Sivas 46 4,072 549 73
Bitlis 12 571 63 20
Erzindjan 22 1,389 475 63
Kamakh 13 646 28 16
Bayazid 6 338 54 13
Moush 23 1,034 284 35
Van 21 1,323 554 59
Lim and Gedoutz 3 203 56 6
Akhtamar 32 1,106 132 36
Derdjan 12 485 10 12
Isbir-Kiskim 3 80 — 3
Passin 7 315 — 7
Khnyss 8 352 15 12
Dikranakerd 2 180 — 5
Palou 8 505 50 15
Malatia 9 872 230 19
─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
438 29,054 7,785 897
─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
CILICIA.
Aïntab 9 898 708 58
Antioch 10 440 47 10
Aleppo 2 438 249 18
Hadjin 4 508 69 12
Zeïtoun 10 605 85 15
Sis and the Neighbourhood 7 476 165 19
Adana 25 1,947 808 69
Marash 23 1,361 378 44
─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
90 6,673 2,509 245
─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
THE REST OF THE EMPIRE.
Adrianople 6 314 251 22
Rodosto 9 1,017 856 48
Ismid 38 5,404 3,103 212
Biledjik 10 1,120 143 21
Kutahia 5 825 349 23
Smyrna 27 1,640 1,295 109
Angora 7 895 395 29
Kaisaria 42 3,795 1,140 125
Samsoun 27 1,361 344 59
Trebizond 47 2,184 718 85
Baghdad 2 68 46 11
Yozgad 12 1,197 557 43
Broussa 16 1,345 733 54
Balikesri-Panderma 8 700 634 35
Tokat 11 1,408 558 50
Kastamouni 3 110 50 2
Konia 3 213 137 12
Armasha 2 190 110 6
─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
275 23,786 11,419 946
─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
GRAND TOTAL 803 59,513 21,713 2,088
─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
-----
Footnote 282:
Reprinted from “La Question Arménienne à la Lumière des
Documents,” par “Marcel Léart” (Paris, 1913). These statistics
appear to be the most recent available, but it must be noted that
they are fourteen years out of date, and that the figures must
have risen considerably by April, 1915.
ANNEXE F. STATISTICAL ESTIMATE INCLUDED IN THE FIFTH BULLETIN OF THE
AMERICAN COMMITTEE FOR ARMENIAN AND SYRIAN RELIEF, DATED NEW
YORK, 24th MAY, 1916.
1. _The Extent of the Catastrophe._
The most extensive and most difficult work carried on by the
American Committee for Armenian and Syrian Relief lies within the
borders of the Turkish Empire. Here, in January, 1915, the Armenians
numbered between sixteen hundred thousand and two million. Precise
statistics do not exist. The estimates of the Turkish Government are
usually considered to be too low and those of the Armenian
Patriarchate sometimes too high, suggesting a tendency in the one
case to minimize and in the other to exaggerate the size and
consequent importance of the Armenian population.
Twelve months later, in January, 1916, from one-third to one-half of
the Armenians in Turkey had fallen victims of deportation, disease,
starvation or massacre.
As we note from a letter of Dr. Wilson’s, dated Erivan, Russian
Caucasus, 4th February, 1916, there were then 182,800 Armenian
refugees in the Caucasus and 12,100 in the districts of Turkey at
that time conquered by the Russians. The subsequent extensions of
the Russian conquests towards the west and south have brought to
light numbers of Armenians who were in hiding. At the end of 1915,
there were also 9,000 Armenian refugees in Salmas, Persia.
All these statistics are subject to fluctuation, due to the removal
of the refugees from one region to another and also to the varying
dates on which the enumerations or estimates were made. Bearing
these critical considerations in mind we may tabulate the best
figures as follows:—
Aleppo, Damascus, Zor 486,000
Refugees in other parts of Turkey 300,000
Russian Caucasus 182,800
Armenians in districts of Turkey
conquered by Russia 12,100
Armenians in Salmas, Persia 9,000
————
If we may add to these numbers the undeported Armenian populations
in Constantinople and Smyrna, perhaps 150,000 in all, we can perhaps
estimate the total number of survivors at under 1,150,000. If we
accept the estimate that the Armenian population of Turkey at the
beginning of 1915 was between 1,600,000 and 2,000,000, we should
compute the number of deaths at between 450,000 and 850,000. We
shall probably be safe in saying that the Armenian dead number at
least 600,000.
Six hundred thousand men, women and children died within a year.
There was recently held in New York City a Preparedness Parade,
which marched up Fifth Avenue twenty abreast and took about thirteen
hours to pass a given point. From 10 a.m. till well into the
evening, this great army of over 125,000 continued to tramp up the
street. If the Armenian men, women and children who died in Turkey
within a twelvemonth should rise again and march in solemn
procession to beg the assistance of the American people for their
surviving brothers, the procession would not be 125,000, but
600,000, four times as long. Marching twenty abreast it would take
two days and two nights to pass Great Reviewing Stand.
The mortality was higher in some regions than in others. From
certain Armenian villages in the neighbourhood of Harpout, whose
population was about two thousand, only 15·2 per cent. reached the
goal of their deportation. Even if we make generous allowance for
the number of men from these villages who may be still alive in the
Army, and for the women and children who may have saved their lives
by becoming Moslems, the mortality is unspeakably high. From other
regions perhaps 25 per cent. have reached their goal, after marching
hundreds of miles across the mountains down into the hot plains.
From those portions of Asia Minor which are so situated that the
Railway could assist in the deportation, the percentage of loss of
life was far smaller, though here insufficient food and insanitary
concentration camps have swollen the tolls of death. Especially from
the cities on or near the coast of Cilicia, namely, Mersina, Tarsus
and Adana, the deportation did not involve great loss of life. The
Armenian inhabitants of Constantinople and of Smyrna, who really
live in those cities and had not recently moved thither from the
country, have not been deported.
Consequently the total number of surviving Armenians in Turkey is
greater than our Committee had feared. The fact that there are more
survivors than we at first believed obliges us to enlarge our relief
work till it becomes adequate to the crisis.
2. _The Needs of the Survivors._
Mr. W.W. Peet, Business Agent and Treasurer of the four Turkish
Missions of the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions
with headquarters at Constantinople, has sent information, received
by the State Department on the 17th March, to the effect that there
are at least eight hundred thousand refugees in Turkey who need
help. One-half or more of these are reported by the American Consul
at Aleppo to be in the districts of Damascus, Zor and Aleppo.
The general direction of deportation has been to force the exiles to
go by train or on foot to the neighbourhood of Aleppo, whence they
have been distributed in two directions. One of these is the region
served by the Hidjaz Railway, built a few years ago to meet the
needs of the Moslem pilgrims to Mecca. The station of Ma’an, near
the ruins of the ancient city of Petra, the point beyond which the
Hidjaz Railway has always declined to transport Christians, is the
southernmost point where Armenian exiles are to be found.
The other territory to which large numbers of exiles have been
deported is the region of Der-el-Zor on the Euphrates, six days’
journey east-south-east of Aleppo. The Armenians have had to walk
thither from Aleppo, though some of them struck across by a more
direct route from the Armenian cities on the north.
(_Here follow, in the original, Documents 139(d) and 14 of this
volume._)
Fortunately, the American Consul at Aleppo, Mr. Jackson, has the
co-operation of the German Consul, Mr. Roessler in the work of
relief.
Certain members of the American Committee have for months felt great
anxiety as to the condition of the nearly 500,000 exiles distributed
to the region east and south of Aleppo. Details as to their
condition have been hard to secure. Now we know what we had
suspected before—that many exiles have only grass to eat and that
hundreds are dying daily of starvation.
3. _The Way for Relief is Now Open._
In 1915, the Turkish Government declined to give cordial
co-operation in the work of relieving the necessities of the
Armenians. The authorities at Constantinople did not wish to have
the Armenians helped by foreigners, because they thought it might
encourage some of them in treasonable hopes. Constantinople
therefore favoured having the relief money distributed through
Turkish officials.
According to the New York _Times_ of the 19th October, 1915, the
Turkish Government informed the State Department at Washington that
the American Red Cross would not be permitted to send surgeons and
nurses to the aid of the Armenians in the Turkish Empire. The Turks
barred not merely American Red Cross surgeons, nurses and relief
agents, but also all other neutral foreigners.
Early in 1916 some obstacles have fallen. On the 23rd March, 1916,
Mr. Phillips, the American Chargé d’Affaires at Constantinople,
sent, on behalf of the Constantinople Chapter of the Red Cross, the
following significant cablegram to the Secretary of State:—
“Turkish Government now welcomes help, and through Minister of
Interior authorizes American Red Cross, co-operating with Red
Crescent, to conduct relief work for civilians of all races. Great
suffering throughout country, particularly at Constantinople and
suburbs along the shores of Marmora, at Adrianople, Broussa and
Smyrna. In these regions five hundred thousand, not comprising
Armenian refugees, need help for bread. Hundreds dying of
starvation. No relief in sight. Sugar and petroleum oil at famine
prices. Typhus is spreading, high mortality. For immediate relief
ten thousand pounds sterling estimated required for Constantinople
Chapter administration before 1st May to procure foodstuffs. For
more permanent relief, suggest importation supplies by sea from
Roumania and America. Neutrality guaranteed by American Red Cross to
Entente Powers. Distribution controlled by Constantinople Chapter
through agencies, soup kitchens and dispensary. Some can pay cost
price and industrial work proposed for others.”
In answer to this appeal, certain friends of our Committee raised
£12,000 sterling and transmitted it to Constantinople, to be
distributed by the Turkish Red Crescent for sufferers in Turkey,
regardless of religious barriers.[283]
INDEX OF PLACES REFERRED TO IN THE
DOCUMENTS IN THIS VOLUME.
_The figures placed against the names in this index denote the
number of independent witnesses who mention the places in question,
in the various connexions specified in the headings to each column.
Two or more documents emanating from the same source cannot be
regarded as independent testimony and are, therefore, not separately
enumerated._
_The index includes references to names which have been withheld by
the editor himself and are represented in the text by arbitrary
signs, but not, of course, references to names which have been
withheld from the editor and are represented in the text by blanks.
The names of places beyond the Ottoman frontier where refugees have
passed or stayed have been placed between brackets, to distinguish
them from places in Ottoman territory through or to which exiles
have been forcibly conducted by the Ottoman Government._
────────────────────────┬───────────────────────────────┬───────────────
│ -———Massacre, Forcible │ RC2~Arrival,
│Conversion, or Deportation, of │ Passage of
│ Armenian Inhabitants. │ Armenians
│ │ Deported or
│ │ taking Flight
│ │from Elsewhere.
│ Armenians │ No Mention of │
│Replacement by │ Mouhadjirs. │
NAME OF PLACE. │ Moslem │ │
│ Mouhadjirs │ │
│ (immigrants). │ │
A. │ │ │
Abijalu │ — │ 1 │ —
Ada │ — │ 1 │ —
Adana │ 1 │ 11 │ 3
Adana, vilayet │ — │ 1 │ —
Adapazar │ 1 │ 5 │ —
Adiaman—Hussi Mansour │ — │ 3 │ —
Adiljevas │ — │ 1 │ —
Adranos │ — │ — │ 1
Adrianople │ — │ 2 │ —
Afiun Kara-Hissar │ — │ 1 │ 3
Aghja Daghi │ — │ — │ 1
(Aghtalia) │ — │ — │ 1
Agno │ — │ 1 │ —
(Ailar) │ — │ — │ 1
Aintab │ — │ 10 │ 4
Ak Shehr │ — │ 2 │ —
Alabash │ — │ 3 │ —
Alashkerd │ — │ 3 │ —
Alashkerd District │ — │ 1 │ —
Alayund │ — │ — │ 1
Albek │ — │ 1 │ —
Albustan │ — │ 5 │ 1
Aleppo │ — │ 2 │ 32
Aleppo, vilayet │ — │ 2 │ —
Alexandretta │ — │ 1 │ —
(Alexandropol) │ — │ — │ 2
(Alexandropol Town and │ — │ — │ 1
District) │ │ │
Alidjan—Aladin │ — │ 2 │ —
Amasia │ — │ 7 │ 2
Angegh │ — │ 1 │ —
Angora │ — │ 10 │ 2
Angora, vilayet │ — │ 2 │ —
(Annenfeld) │ — │ — │ 1
Antioch │ — │ 1 │ 1
Antok │ — │ 1 │ —
Arabia │ — │ — │ 2
Arabkir │ — │ 4 │ 1
Arab-Pounar │ — │ — │ 1
Ardishai │ — │ 1 │ —
Ardjish—Akantz │ — │ 5 │ —
Arghana │ — │ — │ 2
Arghana Maden │ — │ — │ 1
Armasha │ — │ 1 │ —
Armasha Convent │ — │ 1 │ —
Arslanbeg │ — │ 1 │ —
Artamid │ — │ 1 │ —
Artananz │ — │ 1 │ —
(Arzap) │ — │ — │ 1
(Ashtarak) │ — │ — │ 2
Asia Minor │ — │ — │ 1
Asi Yozgad │ — │ — │ 1
Atabey │ — │ 1 │ —
Attil │ — │ 1 │ —
Avazaghpur │ — │ 1 │ —
Ayash │ — │ 1 │ 1
Azizia │ — │ 1 │ —
B │ │ │
Bab │ — │ — │ 2
Babylonia │ — │ — │ 1
Baghdad │ — │ — │ 5
Baghlou │ — │ 1 │ —
Baghtché │ — │ 1 │ 1
Baghtchédjik—Bardezag │ — │ 10 │ —
Baibourt │ — │ 8 │ 1
Bairak │ — │ 2 │ —
Bairamoglu │ — │ — │ 1
Bakir Maden │ — │ — │ 1
(Bakou) │ — │ — │ 2
Balikesri │ — │ 1 │ —
(Bambak) │ — │ — │ 1
Baranduz │ — │ 1 │ —
Barbaroud │ — │ 1 │ —
(Barsoun) │ — │ — │ 1
Bashkala │ — │ 6 │ 1
Batoum │ — │ — │ 1
Bayazid District │ — │ 1 │ —
Baz │ — │ 1 │ —
Beinam Boghazi │ — │ — │ 1
Beirout │ — │ 1 │ 1
Beitias │ — │ 2 │ —
Beniani │ — │ 1 │ —
Benli │ — │ 1 │ —
Bergri-Kala │ — │ — │ 2
Berwar │ — │ 1 │ —
Besné │ — │ 1 │ —
Biredjik │ — │ — │ 1
Bisherig │ — │ 1 │ —
Bitlis │ — │ 13 │ —
Bitlis, vilayet │ — │ 4 │ —
Black Sea Littoral │ — │ 1 │ 1
Boghaz Kessen │ — │ 2 │ —
Bohtan District │ — │ 1 │ —
Bor │ — │ 1 │ —
Bosphorus, Villages on │ — │ 1 │ —
the Upper │ │ │
Boulanik │ — │ 3 │ —
Bozanti │ — │ 1 │ 5
Broussa │ — │ 7 │ —
Broussa, vilayet │ — │ 1 │ —
C │ │ │
(Caucasia, Cis—Northern │ │ │
Caucasia) │ — │ — │ 1
Cilicia │ — │ 5 │ —
Constantinople │ — │ 6 │ 3
Constantinople, American│ │ │
School at │ — │ 1 │ —
Cosi │ — │ 1 │ —
D │ │ │
Dadush │ — │ 1 │ —
Damascus │ — │ — │ 8
Darawar │ — │ 1 │ —
(Delidjan) │ — │ — │ 3
Degala │ — │ 1 │ —
Dengala │ — │ 2 │ —
Derdjan │ — │ — │ 1
Deré Keui │ — │ 1 │ —
Der-el-Zor │ — │ — │ 19
Derenda │ — │ 2 │ —
Dersim │ — │ 1 │ 1
Develou │ — │ 1 │ —
Deyirmeni River │ — │ — │ 2
Dhimotika │ — │ 1 │ —
Dilgusha │ — │ 1 │ —
Diliman │ — │ 3 │ 2
Divrig │ — │ 3 │ —
Diyarbekir │ — │ 15 │ 2
Diyarbekir, vilayet │ — │ 3 │ —
Djabaghtchour │ — │ 1 │ —
Djera │ — │ 1 │ —
Djerablous │ — │ 1 │ —
(Djevanshir District) │ — │ — │ 1
Djevizlik │ — │ — │ 1
Djeziré │ — │ 1 │ —
Djibal Mousa—Mousa Dagh—│ │ │
Djibal-al-Ahmar │ — │ 3 │ —
Djoulamerk │ — │ 1 │ —
(Djoulfa) │ — │ — │ 5
Dom │ — │ 1 │ —
Döngöl │ — │ 1 │ —
Dört Yöl │ 1 │ 11 │ —
Doudjik—Tcharuk │ — │ 1 │ 1
Dersim—Tcharik │ │ │
Drtadli │ — │ 1 │ —
Duzasar │ — │ 1 │ —
E │ │ │
Egin │ — │ 3 │ —
(Elenovka) │ — │ — │ 1
(Elizavetpol) │ — │ — │ 1
(Elizavetpol Government)│ — │ — │ 3
Enderessi │ — │ 1 │ 1
Entilli │ — │ — │ 3
Eregli │ — │ 1 │ 5
Eremer │ — │ 1 │ —
Erendjik │ — │ 1 │ —
Erer │ — │ 1 │ —
(Erivan) │ — │ — │ 2
(Erivan Government) │ — │ — │ 5
Erzeroum │ 1 │ 17 │ —
Erzeroum, vilayet │ — │ 6 │ —
Erzindjan │ 1 │ 8 │ 5
Eski Shehr │ — │ 2 │ 2
Etchangeri—Kiangri—Kingri│ — │ 1 │ 1
(Etchmiadzin) │ — │ — │ 2
Euphrates District │ — │ — │ 1
Euphrates River │ — │ — │ 5
Euphrates River, │ — │ — │ 1
Tributaries of │ │ │
Euzerli │ — │ 1 │ —
Everek │ — │ 2 │ —
(Evlakh) │ — │ — │ 1
Ezli │ — │ 1 │ —
F │ │ │
Fekké │ — │ — │ 1
Frank-norshen │ — │ 1 │ —
Fundadjak_ │ — │ 3 │ —
Furnus │ 1 │ 4 │ —
G │ │ │
Gargar District │ — │ 2 │ —
Garjgan │ — │ 1 │ —
Gawar │ — │ 4 │ —
Geben │ — │ 6 │ —
Gegvé │ — │ 1 │ —
Gemerek │ — │ 4 │ —
Gemleyik │ — │ 1 │ —
Geogtapa—Göktepé │ — │ 3 │ 1
Gereg │ — │ — │ 1
Geulik Station │ — │ — │ 3
Gheizin Han │ — │ — │ 1
Ginj District—Gendjé │ — │ 1 │ 1
Gishgishla │ — │ — │ 1
Göksoun—Gourksoun │ — │ 2 │ —
Gotni │ — │ 1 │ —
Govdoun │ — │ 1 │ —
Gulpashan │ — │ 6 │ —
Gumushkhana │ — │ — │ 2
Gurin │ — │ 2 │ —
Gurla │ — │ 1 │ —
Gvars │ — │ 2 │ —
H │ │ │
Habesh │ — │ 1 │ —
Habousi │ — │ 1 │ —
Hadji-Habibli │ — │ 1 │ —
Hadjin │ 2 │ 12 │ —
Haftevan │ — │ 2 │ —
Haiatzor—Hayotz-Tzor—(?)│ │ │
Haig Valley │ — │ 2 │ —
Hai Keui │ — │ 1 │ —
Hama │ — │ — │ 4
Hankeui │ — │ — │ 1
Harni │ — │ 2 │ —
Harounia │ — │ — │ 1
Harpout—Kharput │ — │ 21 │ 3
Hassan │ — │ 1 │ —
Hassan-Beyli │ — │ 6 │ 2
Hassan-Tchelebi │ — │ — │ 1
Hassanova │ — │ 1 │ —
Hauran │ — │ — │ 3
Hazaren │ — │ 2 │ —
Herag—Erba’a │ — │ 2 │ —
Hergerd │ — │ 1 │ —
Hirj │ — │ — │ 1
Homs │ — │ — │ 3
Husseinig │ — │ 1 │ —
Hussi Mansour │ — │ 1 │ —
I │ │ │
Idlib │ — │ — │ 2
(Igdir) │ — │ — │ 6
Ilidja │ — │ — │ 1
Ineboli │ — │ 1 │ —
Iriawa │ — │ 2 │ —
Islohia │ — │ — │ 2
Ismayil │ — │ — │ 1
Ismayil Agha’s Kala │ — │ 1 │ —
Ismid │ — │ 6 │ —
Ismid, sandjak │ — │ 1 │ —
Isnik—Nicomedia │ — │ 1 │ —
Istanos │ — │ 2 │ —
Itchmé │ — │ 1 │ 1
Izoli Hadji │ — │ — │ 2
K │ │ │
Kachin Han │ — │ — │ 1
Kahdem │ — │ — │ 1
Kaisaria │ — │ 13 │ 2
Kaisaria, Villages in │ │ │
the District of │ — │ 2 │ —
Kamakh │ — │ 2 │ 3
Kamakh Boghaz │ — │ — │ 2
Kangal │ — │ 2 │ —
Kapou Kays │ — │ 1 │ —
(Karabagh District) │ — │ — │ 1
Karadjalou-Garadjalu │ — │ 2 │ —
Karagatch │ — │ 1 │ —
Karagöz │ — │ 1 │ —
(Karakeliss) │ — │ — │ 2
Karaman │ — │ — │ 1
Kara-Pounar │ — │ — │ 3
Karasu │ — │ 2 │ —
Karer │ — │ — │ 1
Karmad │ — │ — │ 1
(Kars) │ — │ — │ 1
(Kars, Town and │ — │ — │ 1
District) │ │ │
Karsakh │ — │ 1 │ —
Karspazar │ — │ 2 │ —
Karsz │ — │ 1 │ —
Kartzor │ — │ 1 │ —
Kasha │ — │ 1 │ —
Kassaba │ — │ 1 │ —
Kavash District │ — │ 2 │ —
(Kazakh) │ — │ — │ 1
Kazi Mahara │ — │ — │ 1
Keban │ — │ 1 │ —
Keboussia │ — │ 1 │ —
(Kedabek) │ — │ — │ 1
Keghi-Kighi │ — │ 4 │ —
Keghvank │ — │ — │ 2
Keklik Tepé │ — │ — │ 1
Kelidj │ — │ 2 │ —
Kerasond-Kiresoun │ 1 │ 1 │ —
Keremet │ — │ 1 │ —
Keshan │ — │ 1 │ —
Kesirig │ — │ 1 │ —
Kessab │ — │ 4 │ —
Ketcheurd-Katchayourt │ — │ 1 │ —
Ketch-Magara │ — │ 1 │ —
Keumer Han │ — │ — │ 2
Khanishan │ — │ 1 │ —
Khantzart District │ — │ — │ 1
Khantzod │ — │ 1 │ —
Khashkhaldoukh │ — │ 1 │ —
Khaskegh │ — │ 1 │ —
Kheder-Bey │ — │ 1 │ —
Kheiban │ — │ 1 │ —
Khlat │ — │ 1 │ —
Khnyss │ — │ 5 │ —
Khoi │ — │ 1 │ 4
Khoronk │ — │ 1 │ —
Khorsan │ — │ 1 │ —
Khourakhon │ — │ 1 │ —
Khozmo Pass │ — │ — │ 1
Kiakhta—Kyakta │ — │ — │ 2
Kilidjlar │ — │ — │ 1
Killis │ — │ 1 │ 1
Kirk Göz │ — │ — │ 1
Kizil Agatch │ — │ 1 │ —
Komer │ — │ 1 │ —
Koms-Goms │ — │ 3 │ —
Konia │ — │ 6 │ 17
Konia, vilayet │ — │ 1 │ 2
Kotchan │ — │ 1 │ —
Kotchesur-Kotch Hissar │ — │ 1 │ —
Kotmo │ — │ — │ 3
(Kourpalou) │ — │ — │ 1
Kozolouk │ — │ 1 │ —
Kudchi │ — │ — │ 1
Kurdistan │ — │ 2 │ —
Kurdmeidan │ — │ 1 │ —
Kurk │ — │ 1 │ —
Kurtapa │ — │ 1 │ —
Kurt-Belené │ — │ 1 │ —
L │ │ │
Lappashli │ — │ 1 │ —
Lebanon │ 1 │ — │ —
Lsounk │ — │ 1 │ —
M │ │ │
Ma’an │ — │ — │ 1
Ma’ara │ — │ — │ 2
Makof │ — │ 1 │ —
Malatia │ — │ 4 │ 4
Malgara │ 1 │ 1 │ —
Maltepé │ — │ 1 │ —
Mama Hatoun-Derdjan │ — │ 1 │ 2
Mamouret │ — │ — │ 1
Mamouret-ul-Aziz, │ — │ 5 │ —
vilayet │ │ │
Mandjaluk │ — │ 2 │ —
Mansouria—Monsoria │ — │ 1 │ —
Maragha │ — │ 1 │ —
Marash │ — │ 13 │ 3
Mar Audishu │ — │ 2 │ —
Mardin │ — │ 6 │ 1
(Markar) │ — │ — │ 1
Marmardjik │ — │ 1 │ —
Marmora, Coasts of │ — │ 1 │ —
Marsovan │ — │ 15 │ —
Marsovan District │ — │ 1 │ —
Mayadin │ — │ — │ 1
Mediterranean, Coasts of│ — │ 1 │ —
Meghd │ — │ 1 │ —
Mekragom │ — │ 1 │ —
Melashkerd-Melazkerd │ — │ 2 │ —
Mergavar │ — │ 1 │ —
Mersina │ — │ 5 │ —
Meskené │ — │ — │ 1
Mesopotamia │ — │ — │ 11
Mess Nor Keui │ — │ 1 │ —
Messoudia │ — │ 1 │ —
Mezré │ — │ 6 │ —
Miandoab │ — │ 1 │ —
Mikhalidj │ — │ — │ 1
Mirkedjia │ — │ — │ 1
Moks, kaza │ — │ 1 │ —
Morinig │ — │ 1 │ —
Mosul │ — │ — │ 11
Mosul, Region of │ — │ — │ 1
(Mouandjik) │ — │ — │ 1
Moumbidj │ — │ — │ 2
Mourad Su—Eastern │ — │ — │ 2
Euphrates │ │ │
Moush │ — │ 12 │ —
N │ │ │
(Nahichevan) │ — │ — │ 2
(Nahichevan, Town and │ — │ — │ 1
District) │ │ │
Nazi │ — │ 1 │ —
Nazlu District │ — │ 1 │ —
Nigdé │ — │ 1 │ —
(Nijni-Akhti) │ — │ — │ 1
Niksar │ — │ 2 │ —
Norag │ — │ 1 │ —
Nordoz │ — │ 2 │ —
(Novo-Bayazid) │ — │ — │ 1
(Novo-Bayazid, Town and │ │ │
District) │ — │ — │ 1
(Novo-Nikolaievka) │ — │ — │ 1
O │ │ │
Odjakli │ — │ 1 │ —
Olti │ — │ — │ 1
Ordou │ — │ 2 │ —
Ortakeui │ — │ 2 │ —
Osmania │ — │ — │ 9
Oulash │ — │ 1 │ —
Ourbadji Oglou Deré │ │ │
(near │ │ │
Baibourt) │ — │ — │ 1
Ourfa │ — │ 14 │ 4
Ourough │ — │ 1 │ —
Ovadjik │ — │ 1 │ —
P │ │ │
Palu │ — │ — │ 1
Panderma │ — │ 2 │ —
(Parakar) │ — │ — │ 1
Passin District │ — │ 3 │ 1
Pazou │ — │ 2 │ —
Pelou │ — │ 2 │ —
Pera │ — │ 1 │ —
Perkenik │ — │ 1 │ —
Perkhous │ — │ 1 │ —
Perri │ — │ 1 │ —
Pertchendji │ — │ — │ 1
Plel │ — │ 1 │ —
(Plour) │ — │ — │ 1
Polatlu │ — │ 1 │ —
(Port Said) │ — │ — │ 3
Q │ │ │
Quodshanis │ — │ 5 │ —
R │ │ │
Radjou │ — │ — │ 2