NATIVE LIFE IN INDIA.
There are some people who seem to think that in writing about social
life in India, the first place should be given to a consideration of the
natives of the land. But we say it with sorrow, though without shame,
that we can only add our testimony to that of many of the best friends
of India, that the more an Englishman sees of India, the less competent
he feels to write about the natives of the country. They are a good and
loveable people, towards whom our hearts go forth only too readily, but
we never seem to come to a true and thorough knowledge of them. The
substance eludes our grasp, and we find ourselves contemplating an
imaginary shadow. Possibly the day may come when some traveller like
Miss Bird, who has given us such graphic accounts of the people of Japan
and the Sandwich islands, may find her way to Bengal, and succeed in
penetrating the veil of mystery. But up to the present time we know of
no English writer who has been able thoroughly to master the whole
subject. The natives themselves, from time to time, tell us something
about themselves, and we find a very vivid picture of village life in
Bengal in the admirable novel called “Gobind Samunt,” which was written
some years ago by the Rev. Lall Behari Dey. This, however, is a picture
of the natives painted by one of themselves. What the English public
want is a faithful picture of native life, drawn by an Englishman or a
foreigner.
It is very natural to imagine that a member of the Civil Service has the
most favourable opportunities of making himself acquainted with the
natives. He certainly may have some advantages over non-official people,
but, on the other hand, he is at many great disadvantages compared with
non-official people. The official status puts him out of focus, if we
may use the expression; he sees the natives under a false light, whilst
they present themselves to his view with a fictitious colouring. Most of
our readers have heard of Cicero and his writings and speeches. But it
is not everyone who has read Cicero’s treatise on the duties of a
magistrate. We shall try to explain, on the authority of Cicero, how it
comes to pass that in the exchange of intercourse between the Indian
civilian and his native acquaintances, there is very much the same
difficulty as there was between a Roman officer and the people of Asia
Minor in days long past. It happened that when Cicero was one of the
Consuls at Rome, in the zenith of his power, he had a brother named
Quintus, who was proprætor or governor of Asia Minor. The ordinary term
of a proprætor’s government seems to have been for two years, but Cicero
managed to get an extension of service for his brother for a third year.
In sending the good news to his brother, Cicero took the opportunity of
writing him a lecture, partly to show his own superior knowledge of all
sublunary things, and partly because it is tolerably clear that the
brother required a lecture. A little good advice might do him good, and
it could not do him any harm. He was evidently an irascible, overbearing
man, but Cicero particularly desires it to be understood that his hands
were pure, and that he took no bribes. Admitting this to be so, he seems
to have stood very much in the position which the Indian civilian
sometimes fills. He too is often suspected of being irascible and
overbearing, and is, fortunately, not often accused of any want of
honesty or high principle.
With regard to the people of Asia Minor, Cicero writes that the province
is composed first of that kind of allies who, of all the human race, are
the most humanised, and in the next place, of those Roman citizens who
are, either farmers of the public revenue or have become rich by trade.
Yet, he observes, “even among these men serious disputes exist, many
injustices are committed, and great contentions are the consequence.”
Here, then, we have a sort of parallel with the people of India. The
natives themselves are proud of a civilisation which dates back to a
period long anterior to our own. There are English merchants and
planters and jute manufacturers settled in India, some of whom become
rich, and are also, unhappily, not free from disputes between themselves
and with the natives.
Cicero warns his brother to be careful that the inhabitants are not
alarmed at his journeys, that they are not frightened by his approach;
that there should be the utmost rejoicing, both public and private,
wherever he goes; that every town should seem to receive him as its
guardian, not as its tyrant. Do not these remarks call to mind the
progress of great Indian officials with their large camps and retainers
innumerable, who are only too apt to prey upon the people of the country
through which they pass, unless the most vigilant supervision is
maintained? Even the smallest civilian who goes out into camp in his
district will find that unless he himself sees that everything is paid
for, his servants and followers will endeavour to live at free quarters
in the name of their master.
Cicero says to his brother: “Let all the province be sensible how dearly
you prize the welfare, the children, the fame and the fortunes of all
who are under your command. Let it be notorious that you will be equally
the enemy of the man who gives a present as of him who receives it; for
no one will give when it is clearly perceived that those who pretend to
have the greatest interest with you are accustomed to obtain nothing
from you. It is not that I would have you treat your dependants in a too
severe and suspicious manner. If you have got any person who has been
thoroughly admitted to your intimacy, consider how far you ought to
trust him—not but that there may be many worthy men amongst the
provincials, this it is lawful to hope but dangerous to determine; for
every man’s nature is concealed with many folds of disguise and covered
with various veils. His nature, his brows, his eyes and his countenance
are deceitful; and his speech is most commonly a lie. Where can you find
one who will sincerely love you, a mere stranger to them, and not merely
pretend to do so for his own advantage? It would seem to me strange, as
these men seldom pay any regard to private men, while they invariably
attach themselves to the prætors. If amongst such men you should find
one (for the thing is not impossible) who loves you more than he does
his own interests, enrol him as a friend; but if you do not perceive
this, there is no class of acquaintance more to be avoided; because they
know all the arts of getting money, they do nothing but for money, and
they are indifferent about the opinion of any man with whom they are not
to continue to live. For the Greeks in general are deceitful and
treacherous, and trained up by perpetual subjection in the art of
sycophancy. All of them should be liberally treated, and the best of
them received into friendship; but too close intimacies with them are
not very safe, for though they dare not oppose your wishes, yet they are
jealous not only of our countrymen, but even of their own. Though they
dare not fly in the face of a Roman magistrate, yet at the bottom they
hate not only us but their own countrymen.”
Those who have been invested with the official authority which a
civilian exercises during his career in India can most easily tell how
much there is in the warnings of Cicero which comes home to their
feelings. Accustomed to receive every outward token of respect and
affection, they are hardly willing to ask themselves the question why it
was that such regard to themselves as public officers was paid by the
men who seldom show much regard to any private men. Have they never
felt, when circumstances caused them to be transferred from one district
to another, how indifferent their former admirers soon became towards
the man with whom they were no longer to continue to live?
From the very beginning of his career the civilian is put in a peculiar
position as to his native surroundings. He has no difficulty in
obtaining domestic servants. He will do well to understand that in
India, as perhaps in other countries, although the master fancies that
he is selecting a servant, it is in reality the servant who chooses his
master. The master is a sort of speculation into which the servant
enters, if it suits his convenience and is likely to pay. A young
civilian is certain to have a good income and a respectable expenditure,
out of which the servant may make a profit. The young civilian will also
exercise official authority, and the servant speculates that he will
make some pickings out of it. A civilian in high authority once
remonstrated with his servant, who professed to complain of too much
work, and asked him why, if he was dissatisfied, he did not take service
with some rich Calcutta merchant whose whole day was spent at his
office. “Sir,” replied the man, “they have no visitors.” Whenever a
native gentleman comes to call at the house of a high official, the
native servants always expect a fee. The visitor pays it, for the amount
is not large, and he does not know what might happen if he did not pay.
There are many petty slights, or really insults, which the servants
could pass upon him with impunity if he did not render the accustomed
tribute. And thus it comes to pass that a civilian has no difficulty in
obtaining and keeping his native servants, provided that he treats them
with reasonable kindness and due consideration for their shortcomings
towards himself. The native servants who surround a young man at the
beginning of his career sometimes have a considerable influence on his
subsequent demeanour towards all other natives. It usually happens that
a young man is delighted with some of his first native servants, whom he
finds so intelligent and attentive and desirous of pleasing him. The
servant rises to the occasion, and is not slow to attempt to help his
master in matters which ought not to be a subject of communication
between them. But the cause and effect are very natural. The master
returns home weary from his office, and has no one to speak to but his
servant. He casually mentions something that has happened in office
during the day, or perhaps tries to ascertain from his servant if he has
rightly understood some explanation given to him in the course of
business. The servant is not slow to profit by such an opportunity. When
his master has gone to bed the servant speeds off to the native town,
and soon finds out the particular case to which his master must have
alluded. He is thus in a position to make the parties interested in the
case believe that he can influence his master on the subject, and the
possession of such a power is, of course, equivalent to a mine of
wealth. We can vouch for the truth of a story regarding the head-servant
of an officer, who never exchanged a word with him on any official
business. But the servant was sufficiently clever to make outsiders
believe that he had great influence with his master, and the time came
when he gracefully retired from his master’s service, and went home to
his native village to figure as a landed proprietor, with a herd of
several hundred head of cattle! Well might Cicero warn the proprætor of
Asia Minor against putting too much confidence in his own domestics, or
in permitting them to abuse the show of his authority.
We next come to the civilian in his public office, where by the
necessity of the case he is surrounded and assisted by native
subordinates of various ranks and degrees of authority. These native
subordinates are to the English civilian in India somewhat in the same
position as the permanent clerks in an English Government Office to the
temporary ministerial secretary. The civilian changes office only too
frequently. He is transferred from one district to another. To-day he is
an assistant at Dacca, to-morrow he is joint-magistrate at Patna. The
next day he is collector at Calcutta. But wherever he goes he finds
himself introduced to a set of grave, white-robed native officers, from
whom he must try to learn much of what has gone before, and through whom
he must conduct the business of the office in which he presides. Many of
these men have no want of ability or experience. They have received some
education, and now-a-days are more or less conversant with the English
language. But their salaries are small, and though they are much higher
than the salaries of former times, they are still insufficient to meet
the ever-increasing wants of modern civilisation and expenditure. Each
of these men will do his best to ingratiate himself with his civilian
superior. They try to help him in all his difficulties, and are ready to
devote themselves to the execution of all his orders. Hence it very
naturally follows that their superior takes a lively interest in them
and welcomes their aid; but it also very frequently follows that some of
them succeed in gaining a greater amount of favour than their fellows.
Not unfrequently one man becomes his master’s special favourite and
adviser. The sahib learns to see everything through his favourite’s
spectacles, and to be guided, however unconsciously, by his suggestions
and promptings. The result is inevitable. Those who have failed to gain
favour combine and intrigue against the favourite—but their machinations
fail. There is however, a Nemesis in store. The civilian is transferred,
and another officer takes his place. The old favourite makes a struggle
to maintain his position and authority with the new man, but probably in
vain. The mere fact that he was a favourite with Mr. A—— is sufficient
to discredit him with Mr. B——; and it sometimes, on the other hand,
happens that the native officer whose influence with Mr. A—— was supreme
finds himself utterly indisposed and unwilling to render the same
allegiance to Mr. B——, however much Mr. B—— may have been inclined to
appreciate him.
The next grade of native officials with whom the young civilian comes in
contact are the officers styled deputy collectors and deputy
magistrates, who exercise a very large amount of authority, and
constitute the chief administrative staff of each district. These
gentlemen are usually men of large practical experience, and if the
young civilian has the good fortune to make a friendly acquaintance with
any of them he will find them most valuable and useful friends and
allies. He can consult them with confidence in any matters that are new
to him, and they will gladly help him in his official anxieties. But
whilst the native deputy demeans himself with due consideration and
respect to all those who are or may be in authority over him, there are
some of them who do not always lay their hearts open to the advances of
a young civilian. The old-fashioned deputy who had risen from the ranks
of practical experience, and had never troubled himself with the study
of the English language, was usually a trustworthy friend. But in recent
times the graduates of the Calcutta university, with their English
accomplishments and classical diplomas, have filled the office of
deputies, and they are not unusually of opinion that they could do all
the official work of the country much better than the young Englishmen
who are sent out to manage the districts and practically rule the
country. It is much to be deplored, but it is unfortunately the fact
that an education in the English-teaching schools and colleges does not
ordinarily generate a sense of affection for the English Government or
its representatives. The result is not unnatural. They have eaten of the
fruit of the tree of knowledge, and find that they are naked. They see
their English rulers in the enjoyment of the best things which they
naturally think should have fallen to their lot, and they are not
disposed to be content with the good things which they have obtained
under the English Government. They see that their English rulers are
always ready to improve their position, and (not to put too fine a point
on it) to increase their pay. So they constantly agitate for more pay
and more power, and renewed concessions have only the effect of
producing increased demands. Whether any concessions will satisfy them
is quite another question. When the subordinate native judges, some
years ago, had their pay increased from £600 to £1,200 a year, one of
them called on a civilian judge, who proceeded to congratulate him on
his good fortune. “I am quite disgusted, Sir!” replied the native
gentleman. “I wanted to be appointed to the Patna district, and the
Lieutenant-Governor has appointed me to Hooghly.” He did not pretend to
care for the increased pay which he had obtained, but he still wanted
something more. With regard to almost any officer in this position of
well-paid independence, it might safely be predicated that if there had
been no English Government to provide him with employment his paternal
acres would have seldom yielded him an income of £50 a year, and
possibly, as the retainer of some great man, he might have earned
another £20 a year by some sort of service. But under no form of
oriental native government would he have dreamt of a salary of £1,200 a
year to be followed by a retiring pension of £600 a year. Very few
people are aware of the very great strides by which the salaries of
native officers have increased. We could name four able men, members of
a middle class but talented native family, who before 1850 were
collectively drawing pay which gave them £400 a year, and they were not
discontented. In 1870, these same four men had so floated upwards with
the stream that their united income was not less than £4,000 a year, and
still they were hoping for more.
We began this paper by protesting against the incompetence of an
Englishman to give a satisfactory account of the natives of India. But
we will now give a special reason for this. The women of the country are
a sealed book to the stranger. He has no opportunity of seeing them or
speaking to them, and he can learn very little about them. Let anyone
imagine the case of a native Indian gentleman coming to England, or
France, or America, and having his eyes closed to the whole of the
female population. In India, as long as a woman has any youth and beauty
she is kept in strict seclusion from the public gaze. In large towns in
certain quarters a few painted Jezebels may be seen looking down from
their upper stories, but otherwise an European visitor might believe
that youth and beauty did not exist in the land. And not only does the
eye never behold the best portion of the female sex, but a rigid
etiquette must be observed in conversation with a native gentleman in
even alluding to the female members of his household. But it is not to
be supposed that women in India do not exercise a considerable influence
upon the men. They are doubtless good mothers, good wives, and
affectionate sisters. They have their strong religious feelings, and are
seldom negligent of the duties connected with the domestic worship of
their household gods. But to the foreigners they are practically
unknown. One might as well attempt to give an account of the terrestrial
system, recognising the power of the sun, but utterly ignoring all the
more genial influences of the moon. Perhaps the time may come when the
women of India may assert themselves more publicly, and insist on the
enjoyment of those privileges which their European sisters have as their
birthright; but until that time comes, how can any Englishman venture to
write about the real people of India? A civilian has no more true
knowledge of the female portion of the native population than a native
has of the members of the English peerage. Even in his court, as a
magistrate, women are seldom brought forward, either as criminals or
witnesses, though occasionally some sort of she-wolf is arraigned for
having murdered some unfortunate child for the sake of its ornaments. Or
it may be that some quarrel about a woman has led to a murderous
dispute, and perhaps a muffled bundle of clothes said to contain a
female is produced as a witness in the case before him. But it is
exceedingly difficult even to understand the language as spoken by a
woman, and he would certainly be a bold person who would venture to
generalise on the national female character from such specimens as he
may casually see from time to time in court.
Still we are unwilling not to record a grateful reminiscence of the many
kindnesses which we have received at the hands of many influential and
wealthy native friends. How could our official duties have been
performed with any amount of satisfaction or success, without the able
and intelligent assistance so freely and zealously rendered by those
over whom we were set in authority? And how can we forbear from
acknowledging the long and unwearying faithful services of successive
generations of native servants, who so often anticipated our wishes and
carried out our orders to the best of their ability!
It is the privilege of every civilian officer to have the opportunity of
becoming acquainted with the principal native gentlemen of the district
in which he is employed. Soon after his arrival at a new station they
come to call on him; whilst those who live within a convenient distance,
and are inclined to be sociable, repeat their visits at intervals. There
are, unfortunately, some native gentlemen who seem to think it
unnecessary or undesirable to make such calls; and as the ways and
habits of different civilians differ considerably, there are some
officers who do not encourage such visits, so that their successors have
some difficulty in making it known that they will gladly receive
visitors. It is unnecessary to analyse too minutely the particular
object which each visitor has in calling; but it is much better for a
civilian to run the risk of any abuse of the opportunity by his visitor,
than to shut his door upon a mere suspicion. Most native gentlemen are
far too honourable to attempt any allusion in the course of their visit
to any subject which it would be unbecoming to mention; and if any such
attempt were made, it is easily in the power of the officer receiving
the visit to put the subject aside with due regard to his own dignity.
But the benefit, and pleasure, and information which are to be derived
from such visits far outweigh any inconvenience or annoyance that may
possibly arise from them. It is true that a portly native gentleman,
whilst uttering the usual formal compliments of introduction, does not
always remember to suppress those ebullitions which are considered
amongst his own people to be indicative of his having enjoyed his
breakfast; it is true that the language of polite flattery is sometimes
rather over-strained; but when the first effervescence of such frothy
nothings has subsided, the time will come when the visitor will work
down to his natural powers of conversation, according to the capacity
which he possesses. It is to be observed that two native gentlemen
calling at the same time prefer to be received separately, unless, of
course, they have some common object in calling; but, on the other hand,
an officer in a high position will often find his advantage in having
his visitors admitted simultaneously, especially if he has one day of
the week particularly set apart for the reception of his native
visitors.
But it may be said that these kind of visits do not amount to social
intercourse. Certainly not. Nor, on the other hand, do we admit that
there is any social intercourse, in the true meaning of the word, where
the official goes to a party at the house of a wealthy native gentleman,
to some special entertainment such as a nautch or fireworks in honour of
a wedding or any other domestic occurrence. It will be admitted that two
of the main elements of social intercourse according to English ideas
consist (1) in dining together, (2) in the interchange of ladies’
society. But the native gentleman will seldom come to dine with the
English gentleman; and although an English lady has no objection to
receive the visit of a native gentleman, or to go to his entertainments,
there seems to be little prospect at present of seeing a native lady
come forth to welcome the English visitors at her husband’s house.
Behind the mere external difficulties there come all the complications
of caste and religious observance, and also of dress, of which the
etiquette is almost unfathomable. The natives themselves are not in
accord with one another on many points which come into prominence in
their contact with English society; and although many parties are now
given in the capital of Calcutta and in other large towns by high
officials on the one hand, and by native gentlemen on the other hand,
where people of both races meet for one or two hours, we fear that on
such occasions there is very little real mutual enjoyment, and that the
hosts are usually very glad when the last of the guests has departed.
Several wealthy native noblemen and gentlemen in the interior keep a
neatly-furnished bungalow or house, in which they can entertain their
English friends who visit them on their estates for the sake of hunting
and shooting. In the Burdwan district the late Maharajah used in former
years to entertain parties of his English friends at the Dilkoosha and
Kishensaugor garden-houses, especially at the time of the Burdwan Races.
We could name several other similar places, but we must give the
preference to the recollection of the happy days spent in the country
house of our good old friend Rajah Kalinaraian Roy of Dacca. He had
built a suite of apartments contiguous to his own old native palace, and
it was his pleasure to invite his English friends from Dacca to come out
and stay with him, to shoot tigers and hunt wild hogs. His property was
very extensive, and contained a great portion of the Madhupore jungle,
which runs more than fifty miles to the north of Dacca, with an average
breadth of about ten miles. The ground is undulating and slightly hilly
in parts, and is well intersected with streams of fresh water, so that
it afforded a good harbour for all sorts of game, tigers, leopards,
bears, buffaloes, sambur and spotted and hog deer, and a few wild boars,
with a fair sprinkling of hares and partridges and jungle-fowl, and
occasionally a woodcock. An easy drive of about twenty miles from Dacca
brought the visitors to the Rajah’s palace, where the Rajah was sure to
be ready to greet them on their arrival. He was a fine-looking man, with
pleasant features and a strong vigorous figure. When he came out to join
the shooting-party on his elephant he used to be stripped to the waist,
and his shoulders and chest were covered with thick grey hairs, which
were suggestive of the στηθεσσιν λασιοισι of Homer. A little fillet of
white muslin bound round his temples protected his head from the sun;
but of course his servant behind him in the howdah always carried an
umbrella. He had a good battery of guns and rifles, and was a very good
shot. It was almost always a sure sign that there was a tiger to be got
when the Rajah came out with the party. The visitors were always ready
to go out at any time to shoot whatever turned up, as they had come out
for perhaps only a few days’ holiday and must take their chance. One
great advantage of the shooting at the Rajah’s was that we usually went
after a tiger on receiving information of “a kill.” An excited peasant
would come rushing in with the news that his cow had just been killed,
and imploring the Rajah to go out to take revenge. It was a pleasure to
see the Rajah’s face when he felt sure that the information was true,
and from his knowledge of the country he also was certain that the tiger
was watching the carcase from a patch of cover which could be
conveniently beaten by the elephants. By approaching the cover
judiciously, and with due regard to the wind, we were almost certain to
find a tiger, and it was our fault if it was not killed.
The Rajah was a large landholder, and the visitors at his house had a
most favourable opportunity of seeing how he managed his property and
conducted his affairs with his tenants and his neighbours. The people
flocked in daily in considerable numbers to attend the Rajah’s office,
and if they had leisure they would come and have a good stare at the
English visitors. The principal part of the office-work was carried on
by the Rajah’s native ministerial officers of various grades and titles;
but he almost invariably took his seat in office for an hour or two, and
had no objection to our going to hear what passed between him and his
people, for he was always courteous and considerate to them, and their
complaints and grievances were not often directed against him, but were
chiefly the result of petty disputes among themselves about caste and
other such matters of which the Rajah was a highly competent judge. He
would occasionally order a fine to be paid, or compensation to be levied
from the delinquent party, and disregard to such an order was seldom
exhibited. It sometimes happened that our visits to the Rajah’s palace
were paid on the native holidays and festivals; and on these occasions
the whole country-side used to flock to the entertainments given at the
Rajah’s expense. It is hardly necessary to say that he distributed
charitable gifts in food and money day by day to a considerable number
of religious mendicants and professional beggars; but on the great
holidays or festivals the expenditure of gratuitous food was something
enormous, and due respect was shown to the visitors according to their
various ranks and grades in native society. Music and song and dancing
would last long past midnight, and few of the guests were allowed to go
away empty-handed. It would be difficult to imagine a more genial and
healthy state of relations than that which existed generally on the
Rajah’s estates between him and his people. Doubtless many of them were
poor and ignorant, but the mild despotism with which the Rajah ruled
them required very little tempering from the interference of English law
or officials.
With regard to his English visitors, the Rajah showed the kindest
hospitality. He did not object if they took out their own provisions and
wines, and their own cook, for the better preservation of their own
health. But the Rajah always had supplies of food provided for his
visitors, and his wines were undoubtedly the most costly that could be
purchased by him from the Armenian shops in Dacca. The Rajah would
usually look in to see his visitors when breakfast was nearly over, and
preparations were beginning for the day’s sport. But his great delight
was to come in at dessert when the visitors had done their dinner, and
he would not object to smoke a quiet cigar with them. He was full of
fun, and liked his little jokes and puns, especially if any visitor had
any knowledge of the Persian language to enable the Rajah to show his
proficiency in that tongue. For the Rajah did not know English, his
education having been completed in the olden time, when Persian was the
Court and fashionable language. He was full of anecdotes connected with
shooting, and the various adventures with tigers in which he had shared
with the best sportsmen from Dacca for a long course of years. He was a
capital mimic, and it was easy to recognise his imitation of some of the
old sportsmen in their moments of excitement. He used to have his little
son and daughter brought into the room in their smartest native dresses.
The son has now grown up, and is a worthy and liberal successor to his
father. The daughter came very quickly to the marriageable age, and
after she was married it was no longer permissible for her to come down
and talk to strange gentlemen. But she used to take opportunities of
seeing the visitors, she herself being unseen; and, as a fact, the
visitors were almost always paraded quietly so that they might be seen
by all the ladies of the Rajah’s household. He had two wives, of whom
the eldest was childless, the second wife being the mother of his two
children. To those with whom he was best acquainted he was in the habit
of discoursing about his domestic affairs, and, if imperious native
custom had not forbidden it, we believe that he would have been very
willing to have introduced them to his wives, when English ladies were
of the party, they were always taken into the inner apartments to make
the acquaintance of the ladies. Perhaps one of the most curious
illustrations of the incongruity of native and English feeling occurred
during one of our visits. The Rajah’s daughter had been married to a
Kulin Brahmin of the highest caste, who lived with her at the Rajah’s
palace. But as he was a man of specially high caste, it was his
privilege to be married to any number of wives whose parents could pay
for their espousal to him. And so we became accidentally witnesses of
the occasion on which the young husband set forth with a grand marriage
procession from his own first wife’s house, in order to be married to
another young lady of high family. It is an Hindoo institution, and it
was not in the Rajah’s power to resist it for his own daughter’s sake.
But to the English visitors, especially to the ladies who were present,
the whole proceeding seemed very uncomfortable, and the more so as we
were fully aware that the Rajah and his daughter were, in their inmost
hearts, most averse to what was taking place.
As we have ventured to write of our old Hindoo friend, Rajah Kalinaraian
Roy, we feel bound to speak in no less grateful terms of the chief
Mahomedan zemindars in Dacca, the Nawab Khajeh Abdul Gunnee, and his
son, the Nawab Khajeh Ahsanoollah. They too had a shooting-box at a
convenient distance from Dacca, to which they would invite their English
friends, and they kept a stud of about twenty elephants, some of which
were of the finest and staunchest of their kind. They were most liberal
and good-natured in lending their elephants to those whom they could
trust, though there were always plenty of elephants at Dacca, as it is
the head-quarters of the Government elephant depôt. Many years after I
had left Dacca, they sent a couple of elephants to meet a friend of mine
nearly a hundred miles from Dacca, when he wanted them with the Calcutta
Tent Club. In every public and private work of utility and charity both
father and son were equally munificent. They sent their handsome
contributions to the subscriptions raised for various charitable
purposes in England. They were always amongst the first to give whatever
was needed for the improvement of the town and district of Dacca, and
for the good of its inhabitants. To the poor and needy they never turned
a deaf ear, and whenever an opportunity presented itself they were
always ready with their handsome entertainments in honour of the
Lieutenant-Governors or any other great people who visited Dacca. We
wish them long life and prosperity. But we must reluctantly put an end
to the record of those many pleasant days which we spent in Dacca,
nearly twenty years ago, with this imperfect acknowledgment of how much
was due to the kindness of our Hindoo and Mahomedan friends there.
London: Printed by W. H. Allen & Co., 13, Waterloo Place.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
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