Although simplified, the following general rules will help the reader
unfamiliar with Japanese to come close enough to Japanese
pronunciation.
There are five vowels: a (as in fAther), i (as in machIne), u (as in
fOOl), e (as in fEllow), and o (as in mOle). Although certain vowels
become nearly “silent” in some environments, this phenomenon can be
safely ignored for the purpose at hand.
Consonants roughly approximate their corresponding sounds in English,
except for r, which is actually somewhere between r and l (this is why
the Japanese have trouble distinguishing between English r and l), and
f, which is much closer to h.
The spelling “KWAIDAN” is based on premodern Japanese pronunciation;
when Hearn came to Japan, the orthography reflecting this pronunciation
was still in use. In modern Japanese the word is pronounced KAIDAN.
There are many ellipses in the text. Hearn often used them in this
book; they do not represent omissions by the digitizer.
Author’s original notes are in brackets, those by the digitizer are in
parentheses.