[Transcriber's note: Obvious printer's errors have been corrected, all
other inconsistencies are as in the original. The author's spelling
has been maintained.
Each page of the original book had a side note stating the time span
treated on that page. Those side notes have been deleted.
Bold text has been marked with =.]
A
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A STUDENT'S HISTORY OF ENGLAND
_FROM THE EARLIEST TIMES TO THE DEATH OF KING EDWARD VII_
BY
SAMUEL R. GARDINER, D.C.L., LL.D.
LATE FELLOW OF MERTON COLLEGE, OXFORD ETC.
_NEW EDITION (1902)_
VOL. II.
A.D. 1509-1689
_NEW IMPRESSION (1912)_
REISSUE
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BOMBAY, CALCUTTA, AND MADRAS
1914
_All rights reserved_
CONTENTS OF THE SECOND VOLUME
PART V
_THE RENASCENCE AND THE REFORMATION_ 1509-1603
CHAPTER XXIV
HENRY VIII. AND WOLSEY. 1509-1527
PAGE
1. The New King. 1509 361
2. Continental Troubles. 1508-1511 363
3. The Rise of Wolsey. 1512 363
4. The War with France. 1512-1513 364
5. Peace with France. 1514 364
6. Wolsey's Policy of Peace. 1514-1518 364
7. Wolsey and the Renascence 366
8. The Renascence in England 367
9. The Oxford Reformers 367
10. 'The Utopia.' 1515-1516 367
11. More and Henry VIII. 368
12. The Contest for the Empire. 1519 369
13. The Field of the Cloth of Gold. 1520 369
14. The Execution of the Duke of Buckingham. 1521 369
15. Another French War. 1522-1523 369
16. The Amicable Loan. 1525 372
17. Closing Years of Wolsey's Greatness. 1525-1527 372
CHAPTER XXV
THE BREACH WITH THE PAPACY. 1527-1534
1. The Papacy and the Renascence 374
2. Wolsey and the Papacy 375
3. Wolsey's Legatine Powers 375
4. Henry VIII. and the Clergy 377
5. German Lutheranism 377
6. Henry's Controversy with Luther 379
7. Queen Catharine and Anne Boleyn 379
8. Henry's Demand for a Divorce. 1527-1528 382
9. The Legatine Court. 1529 382
10. The Fall of Wolsey. 1529-1530 383
11. The House of Commons and the Clergy. 1529 385
12. The Universities Consulted. 1530 385
13. The Clergy under a Præmunire. 1530-1531 385
14. The King's Supreme Headship acknowledged by the
Clergy. 1531 386
15. The Submission of the Clergy. 1532 386
16. Sir Thomas More and the Protestants. 1529-1532 386
17. Resignation of Sir Thomas More. 1532 388
18. The First Act of Annates. 1532 388
19. The King's Marriage and the Act of Appeals. 1533 388
20. Archbishop Cranmer and the Court at Dunstable. 1533 389
21. Frith and Latimer. 1533 389
22. Completion of the Breach with Rome. 1533-1534 390
CHAPTER XXVI
THE ROYAL SUPREMACY. 1534-1547
1. The Act of Succession. 1534 392
2. The Acts of Treason and Supremacy. 1534 392
3. The Monks of the Charterhouse. 1534 393
4. Execution of Fisher and More. 1535 394
5. The Dissolution of the Smaller Monasteries. 1536 394
6. The Execution of Anne Boleyn. 1536 395
7. The Ten Articles. 1536 395
8. The Translation of the Bible authorised. 1536 396
9. The Pilgrimage of Grace. 1536-1537 396
10. Birth of a Prince. 1537 397
11. The Beginning of the Attack on the Greater Monasteries.
1537-1538 397
12. Destruction of Relics and Images. 1538 398
13. The Trial of Lambert. 1538 399
14. The Marquis of Exeter and the Poles. 1538 399
15. The Six Articles. 1539 399
16. Completion of the Suppression of the Monasteries.
1539-1540 400
17. Anne of Cleves and the Fall of Cromwell. 1539-1540 400
18. Catherine Howard and Catherine Parr. 1540-1543 401
19. Ireland. 1534 401
20. The Geraldine Rebellion. 1534-1535 402
21. Lord Leonard Grey. 1536-1539 402
22. Henry VIII. King of Ireland. 1541 404
23. Solway Moss. 1542 404
24. War with Scotland and France. 1542-1546 405
25. The Litany and the Primer. 1544-1545 409
26. The Last Days of Henry VIII. 1545-1547 410
CHAPTER XXVII
EDWARD VI. AND MARY
EDWARD VI., 1547-1553. MARY, 1553-1558.
1. Somerset becomes Protector. 1547 412
2. The Scotch War. 1547-1548 412
3. Cranmer's Position in the Church of England. 1547 413
4. Ecclesiastical Reforms. 1547-1548 414
5. The First Prayer Book of Edward VI. 1549 415
6. The Insurrection in the West. 1549 415
7. Ket's Rebellion. 1549 415
8. The Fall of Somerset. 1549 416
9. Warwick and the Advanced Reformers. 1549 416
10. Latimer's Sermons. 1548-1550 417
11. Warwick and Somerset. 1550-1552 417
12. The Second Prayer Book of Edward VI. 1552 418
13. The Forty-two Articles. 1553 419
14. Northumberland's Conspiracy. 1553 421
15. Lady Jane Grey. 1553 421
16. Mary restores the Mass. 1553 422
17. Mary's First Parliament. 1553 422
18. Wyatt's Rebellion. 1554 423
19. The Queen's Marriage 423
20. The Submission to Rome. 1554 424
21. The Beginning of the Persecution. 1555 424
22. Death of Cranmer. 1556 425
23. Continuance of the Persecution. 1556-1558 426
24. The Queen's Disappointment. 1555-1556 426
25. War with France and the Loss of Calais. 1557-1558 427
26. Death of Mary. 1558 427
CHAPTER XXVIII
THE ELIZABETHAN SETTLEMENT IN CHURCH AND STATE. 1558-1570
1. Elizabeth's Difficulties. 1558 428
2. The Act of Uniformity and Supremacy. 1559 429
3. The new Bishops and the Ceremonies. 1559-1564 429
4. Calvinism 430
5. Peace with France. 1559 431
6. The Reformation in Scotland. 1559 432
7. The Claims of Mary Stuart. 1559 432
8. The Treaty of Edinburgh. 1560 433
9. Scottish Presbyterianism. 1561 434
10. Mary and Elizabeth. 1561 435
11. The French War. 1562-1564 436
12. End of the Council of Trent. 1563 436
13. The Jesuits 436
14. The Danger from Scotland. 1561-1565 437
15. The Darnley Marriage. 1565 438
16. The Murder of Rizzio. 1566 438
17. The Murder of Darnley. 1567 439
18. The Deposition and Flight of Mary. 1567-1568 439
19. Mary's Case before English Commissioners. 1568-1569 440
20. The Rising in the North. 1569 441
21. The Papal Excommunication. 1570 441
CHAPTER XXIX
ELIZABETH AND THE EUROPEAN CONFLICT. 1570-1587
1. The Continental Powers. 1566-1570 442
2. The Anjou Marriage Treaty and the Ridolfi Plot.
1570-1571 443
3. Elizabeth and the Puritans 444
4. Elizabeth and Parliament. 1566 444
5. A Puritan Parliament. 1571 445
6. The Duke of Norfolk's Plot and Execution. 1571-1572 445
7. The Admonition to Parliament. 1572 446
8. Mariners and Pirates 446
9. Westward Ho! 447
10. Francis Drake's Voyage to Panama. 1572 448
11. The Seizure of Brill, and the Massacre of
St. Bartholomew. 1572 449
12. The Growth of the Dutch Republic. 1572-1578 449
13. Quiet Times in England. 1572-1577 450
14. Drake's Voyage. 1577-1580 450
15. Ireland and the Reformation. 1547 451
16. Ireland under Edward VI. and Mary. 1547-1558 451
17. Elizabeth and Ireland. 1558-1578 452
18. The Landing at Smerwick, and the Desmond Rising.
1579-1583 452
19. The Jesuits in England. 1580 453
20. The Recusancy Laws. 1581 454
21. Growing Danger of Elizabeth. 1580-1584 454
22. The Association. 1584-1585 456
23. Growth of Philip's Power. 1584-1585 456
24. Babington's Plot, and the Trial of Mary Stuart. 1586 457
25. Execution of Mary Stuart. 1587 458
CHAPTER XXX
ELIZABETH'S YEARS OF TRIUMPH. 1587-1603
1. The Singeing of the King of Spain's Beard. 1587 458
2. The Approach of the Armada. 1588 458
3. The Equipment of the Armada. 1588 459
4. The Equipment of the English Fleet. 1588 460
5. The Defeat of the Armada. 1588 462
6. The Destruction of the Armada. 1588 462
7. Philip II. and France. 1588-1593 464
8. Maritime Enterprises. 1589-1596 464
9. Increasing Prosperity 464
10. Buildings 465
11. Furniture 465
12. Growing Strength of the House of Commons 468
13. Archbishop Whitgift and the Court of High Commission.
1583 468
14. The House of Commons and Puritanism. 1584 470
15. The Separatists 470
16. Whitgift and Hooker 472
17. Spenser, Shakspere, and Bacon 473
18. Condition of the Catholics. 1588-1603 475
19. Irish Difficulties. 1583-1594 475
20. O'Neill and the Earl of Essex. 1595-1600 475
21. Essex's Imprisonment and Execution. 1599-1601 476
22. Mountjoy's Conquest of Ireland. 1600-1603 478
23. Parliament and the Monopolies. 1601 478
24. The Last Days of Elizabeth. 1601-1603 479
PART VI
_THE PURITAN REVOLUTION._ 1603-1660
CHAPTER XXXI
JAMES I. 1603-1625
1. The Peace with Spain. 1603-1604 481
2. The Hampton Court Conference. 1604 481
3. James and the House of Commons 482
4. Gunpowder Plot. 1604-1605 483
5. The Post-nati. 1606-1608 483
6. Irish Difficulties. 1603-1610 483
7. Bate's Case and the New Impositions. 1606-1608 484
8. The Great Contract. 1610-1611 484
9. Bacon and Somerset. 1612-1613 486
10. The Addled Parliament. 1614 486
11. The Spanish Alliance. 1614-1617 488
12. The Rise of Buckingham. 1615-1618 488
13. The Voyage and Execution of Raleigh. 1617-1618 489
14. Colonisation of Virginia and New England. 1607-1620 489
15. The Beginning of the Thirty Years' War. 1618-1620 490
16. The Meeting of James's Third Parliament. 1621 490
17. The Royal Prerogative. 1616-1621 492
18. Financial Reform. 1619 492
19. Favouritism and Corruption 494
20. The Monopolies Condemned. 1621 494
21. The Fall of Bacon. 1621 495
22. Digby's Mission, and the Dissolution of Parliament.
1621 496
23. The Loss of the Palatinate. 1622 497
24. Charles's Journey to Madrid. 1623 497
25. The Prince's Return. 1623 498
26. The Last Parliament of James I. 1624 500
27. The French Alliance 501
28. Mansfeld's Expedition, and the Death of James I.
1624-1625 501
CHAPTER XXXII
THE GROWTH OF THE PERSONAL GOVERNMENT OF CHARLES I. 1625-1634
1. Charles I. and Buckingham. 1625 502
2. Charles's First Parliament. 1625 502
3. The Expedition to Cadiz. 1625 502
4. Charles's Second Parliament. 1626 503
5. The Forced Loan. 1626 505
6. The Expedition to Ré. 1627 506
7. The Five Knights' Case. 1627 506
8. Wentworth and Eliot in the Third Parliament of Charles I.
1628 508
9. The Petition of Right. 1628 508
10. Tonnage and Poundage. 1628 509
11. Buckingham's Murder. 1628 510
12. The Question of Sovereignty. 1628 510
13. Protestantism of the House of Commons. 1625-1628 511
14. Religious Differences. 1625-1628 511
15. The King's Declaration. 1628 512
16. The Second Session of the Third Parliament of Charles I.
1629 512
17. Breach between the King and the Commons. 1629 513
18. The Constitutional Dispute. 1629 513
19. The Victory of Personal Government. 1629-1632 514
20. Star Chamber Sentences. 1630-1633 514
21. Laud's Intellectual Position. 1629-1633 515
22. Laud as the Upholder of Uniformity 516
23. The Beginning of Laud's Archbishopric. 1633-1634 517
24. Laud and Prynne. 1633-1634 519
CHAPTER XXXIII
THE OVERTHROW OF THE PERSONAL GOVERNMENT OF CHARLES I. 1634-1641
1. The Metropolitical Visitation. 1634-1637 520
2. Prynne, Bastwick, and Burton. 1637 521
3. Financial Pressure. 1635-1637 521
4. Ship-money. 1634-1637 523
5. Hampden's Case. 1637-1638 523
6. Scottish Episcopacy. 1572-1612 524
7. The Scottish Bishops and Clergy. 1612-1637 525
8. The Riot at Edinburgh and the Covenant. 1637-1638 525
9. The Assembly of Glasgow, and the Abolition of Episcopacy.
1638 526
10. The First Bishops' War. 1639 526
11. Wentworth in Ireland. 1633-1639 527
12. The Proposed Plantation of Connaught 528
13. The Short Parliament. 1640 528
14. The Second Bishops' War. 1640 529
15. The Meeting of the Long Parliament. 1640 529
16. The Impeachment of Strafford. 1641 530
17. Strafford's Attainder and Execution 530
18. Constitutional Reforms. 1641 531
CHAPTER XXXIV
THE FORMATION OF PARLIAMENTARY PARTIES AND THE FIRST YEARS OF THE
CIVIL WAR. 1641-1644
1. The King's Visit to Scotland. 1641 532
2. Parties formed on Church Questions. 1641 532
3. Irish Parties. 1641 533
4. The Irish Insurrection. 1641 533
5. The Grand Remonstrance. 1641 534
6. The King's Return. 1641 534
7. The Impeachment of the Bishops. 1641 535
8. The Impeachment of the Five Members. 1642 535
9. The Attempt on the Five Members. 1642 536
10. The Commons in the City. 1642 536
11. The Struggle for the Militia. 1642 536
12. Edgehill and Turnham Green. 1642 537
13. The King's Plan of Campaign. 1643 537
14. Royalist Successes. 1643 538
15. The Siege of Gloucester. 1643 538
16. The First Battle of Newbury. 1643 539
17. The Eastern Association. 1643 539
18. Oliver Cromwell. 1642-1643 539
19. The Assembly of Divines. 1643 540
20. The Solemn League and Covenant. 1643 540
21. The Irish War. 1641-1643 541
22. Winceby and Arundel. 1643-1644 542
23. The Committee of Both Kingdoms. 1644 542
24. The Campaign of Marston Moor. 1644 542
25. Presbyterians and Independents. 1644 543
26. Essex's Surrender at Lostwithiel. 1644 544
27. The Second Battle of Newbury. 1644 544
CHAPTER XXXV
THE NEW MODEL ARMY. 1644-1649
1. The Self-denying Ordinance and the New Model. 1645 545
2. Milton's 'Areopagitica.' 1644 545
3. The Execution of Laud. 1645 546
4. Montrose and Argyle. 1644 546
5. Montrose and the Highlands. 1644-1645 547
6. The New Model Army in the Field. 1645 547
7. The Battle of Naseby. 1645 548
8. The Results of Naseby. 1645 548
9. Charles's Wanderings. 1645 549
10. Glamorgan in Ireland. 1645-1646 549
11. The King's Flight to the Scots. 1646 550
12. Charles at Newcastle. 1646 551
13. The Removal of the King to Holmby. 1647 553
14. Dispute between the Presbyterians and the Army. 1647 553
15. Cromwell and the Army. 1647 554
16. The Abduction of the King. 1647 554
17. The Exclusion of the Eleven Members. 1647 555
18. The Heads of the Proposals. 1647 555
19. The King's Flight to the Isle of Wight. 1647 556
20. The Scottish Engagement, and the Vote of No Addresses.
1647-1648 556
21. The Second Civil War. 1648 556
22. Pride's Purge. 1648 557
23. The High Court of Justice. 1649 557
24. The King's Trial and Execution. 1649 559
25. Results of Charles's Execution. 1649 560
CHAPTER XXXVI
THE COMMONWEALTH AND THE PROTECTORATE. 1649-1660
1. Establishment of the Commonwealth. 1649 561
2. Parties in Ireland. 1647-1649 562
3. Cromwell in Ireland. 1649-1650 562
4. Montrose and Charles II. in Scotland. 1650 563
5. Dunbar and Worcester. 1650-1651 563
6. The Navigation Act. 1651 564
7. The Dutch War. 1652-1653 565
8. Unpopularity of the Parliament. 1652-1653 565
9. Vane's Reform Bill. 1653 566
10. Dissolution of the Long Parliament by Cromwell. 1653 566
11. The so-called Barebone's Parliament. 1653 566
12. The Protectorate, and the Instrument of Government.
1653 568
13. Character of the Instrument of Government 568
14. Oliver's Government. 1653-1654 569
15. The First Protectorate Parliament. 1654-1655 570
16. The Major Generals. 1655 570
17. Oliver's Foreign Policy. 1654-1655 571
18. The French Alliance. 1655 572
19. Oliver's Second Parliament, and the Humble Petition and
Advice. 1656 572
20. The Dissolution of the Second Protectorate Parliament.
1658 573
21. Victory Abroad and Failure at Home. 1657-1658 573
22. Oliver's Death. 1658 574
23. Richard Cromwell. 1658-1659 574
24. The Long Parliament Restored. 1659 575
25. Military Government. 1659 575
26. Monk and the Rump. 1660 575
27. End of the Long Parliament. 1660 576
28. The Declaration of Breda. 1660 576
PART VII
_THE POLITICAL REVOLUTION._ 1660-1689
CHAPTER XXXVII
CHARLES II. AND CLARENDON. 1660-1667
1. Return of Charles II. 1660 578
2. King and Parliament. 1660 579
3. Formation of the Government. 1660 580
4. The Political Ideas of the Convention Parliament. 1660 580
5. Execution of the Political Articles of the Declaration
of Breda. 1660 581
6. Ecclesiastical Debates. 1660 583
7. Venner's Plot and its Results. 1661 584
8. The Cavalier Parliament and the Corporation Act. 1661 585
9. The Savoy Conference, and the Act of Uniformity.
1661-1662 585
10. The Dissenters. 1662 585
11. The Parliamentary Presbyterians. 1662 586
12. Profligacy of the Court. 1662 586
13. Marriage of Charles II. and Sale of Dunkirk. 1662 587
14. The Question of Toleration Raised. 1662-1663 587
15. The Conventicle Act. 1664 588
16. The Repeal of the Triennial Act. 1664 588
17. Growing Hostility between England and the Dutch.
1660-1664 589
18. Outbreak of the First Dutch War of the Restoration.
1664-1665 589
19. The Plague. 1665 590
20. The Five Mile Act. 1665 590
21. Continued Struggle with the Dutch. 1665-1666 590
22. The Fire of London. 1666 592
23. Designs of Louis XIV. 1665-1667 592
24. The Dutch in the Medway, and the Peace of Breda. 1667 593
25. Clarendon and the House of Commons. 1667 593
26. The Fall of Clarendon. 1667 594
27. Scotland and Ireland. 1660 595
CHAPTER XXXVIII
CHARLES II. AND THE CABAL. 1667-1674
1. Milton and Bunyan. 596
2. Butler and the Dramatists. 596
3. Reason and Science. 598
4. Charles II. and Toleration. 1667 598
5. Buckingham and Arlington. 1667-1669 599
6. The Triple Alliance. 1668 599
7. Charles's Negotiations with France. 1669-1670 600
8. The Treaty of Dover. 1670 600
9. The Cabal. 1670 602
10. Ashley's Policy. 602
11. Buckingham's Sham Treaty. 1671 603
12. The Stop of the Exchequer. 1672 603
13. The Declaration of Indulgence. 1672 604
14. The Second Dutch War of the Restoration. 1672 605
15. 'Delenda est Carthago.' 1673 606
16. Withdrawal of the Declaration of Indulgence. 1673 606
17. The Test Act. 1673 606
18. Results of the Test Act. 1673 607
19. Continuance of the Dutch War. 1673 607
20. The Duke of York's Marriage and Shaftesbury's Dismissal.
1673 608
21. Peace with the Dutch. 1674 608
CHAPTER XXXIX
DANBY'S ADMINISTRATION AND THE THREE SHORT PARLIAMENTS. 1675-1681
1. Growing Influence of Danby. 1675 610
2. Parliamentary Parties. 1675 610
3. The Non-Resistance Bill. 1675 611
4. Charles a Pensionary of France. 1675-1676 611
5. Two Foreign Policies. 1677 612
6. The Marriage of the Prince of Orange. 1677 613
7. Danby's Position. 1677 613
8. The Peace of Nymwegen. 1678 614
9. The Popish Plot. 1678 615
10. Growing Excitement. 1678 615
11. Danby's Impeachment and the Dissolution of the Cavalier
Parliament. 1678-1679 616
12. The Meeting of the First Short Parliament. 1679 616
13. The Exclusion Bill and the Habeas Corpus Act. 1679 617
14. Shaftesbury and the King. 1679 617
15. Shaftesbury and Halifax. 1679 618
16. The Divine Right of Kings. 1679 619
17. The Highland Host. 1677-1678 619
18. Drumclog and Bothwell Bridge. 1679 619
19. Petitioners and Abhorrers. 1680 620
20. The Second Short Parliament. 1680-1681 620
21. The Third Short Parliament. 1681 621
CHAPTER XL
THE LAST YEARS OF CHARLES II. 1681-1685
1. Tory Reaction. 1681 622
2. 'Absolom and Achitophel.' 1681 623
3. The Scottish Test Act and the Duke of York's Return.
1681-1682 623
4. The City Elections. 1682 623
5. Flight and Death of Shaftesbury. 1682-1683 624
6. The Attack on the City. 1682-1683 624
7. The Remodelling of the Corporations. 1683-1684 625
8. The Rye House Plot. 1683 625
9. The Whig Combination. 1683 625
10. Trial and Execution of Lord Russell. 1683 625
11. Execution of Algernon Sidney. 1683 626
12. Parties at Court. 1684 626
13. Death of Charles II. 1685 627
14. Constitutional Progress. 1660-1685 627
15. Prosperity of the Country. 628
16. The Coffee Houses. 630
17. The Condition of London. 631
18. Painting. 631
19. Architecture. 631
20. Science. 632
21. Difficulties of Communication. 632
22. The Country Gentry and the Country Clergy. 633
23. Alliance between the Gentry and the Church. 633
CHAPTER XLI
JAMES II. 1685-1689
1. The Accession of James II. 1685 634
2. A Tory Parliament. 1685 636
3. Argyle's Landing. 1685 636
4. Monmouth's Landing. 1685 637
5. The Bloody Assizes. 1685 637
6. The Violation of the Test Act. 1685 638
7. Breach between Parliament and King. 1685 638
8. The Dispensing Power. 1686 638
9. The Ecclesiastical Commission. 1686 639
10. Scotland and Ireland. 1686-1687 639
11. The Fall of the Hydes. 1686-1687 640
12. The Declaration of Indulgence. 1687 640
13. The Expulsion of the Fellows of Magdalen. 1687 641
14. An Attempt to pack a Parliament. 1687 641
15. A Second Declaration of Indulgence. 1688 642
16. Resistance of the Clergy. 1688 642
17. The Trial of the Seven Bishops. 1688 643
18. Invitation to William of Orange. 1688 643
19. Landing of William. 1688 644
20. William's March upon London. 1688 645
21. A Convention Parliament Summoned. 1688 646
22. The Throne Declared Vacant. 1689 646
23. William and Mary to be Joint Sovereigns. 1689 647
24. Character of the Revolution. 647
_LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS_
FIG. PAGE
174. Henry VIII. 368
(_From a painting by Holbein about 1536, belonging to
Earl Spencer_)
175. Cardinal Wolsey 365
(_From an original picture belonging to the
Hon. Sir Spencer Ponsonby-Fane, K.C.B._)
176. The embarkation of Henry VIII. from Dover, 1520 370
(_From the Society of Antiquaries' engraving
of the original picture at Hampton Court_)
177. Silver-gilt cup and cover, made at London in 1523; at
Barber Surgeons' Hall, London 371
(_From Cripps's_ 'College and Corporation Plate')
178. Part of Hampton Court; built by Cardinal Wolsey;
finished in 1526 373
(_From a photograph_)
179. Portrait of William Warham, Archbishop of Canterbury,
1503-1532, showing the ordinary episcopal dress, with
the mitre and archiepiscopal cross 376
(_From a painting by Holbein, belonging to Viscount
Dillon, F.S.A., dated 1527_)
180. Tower of Fountains Abbey church; built by Abbot Huby,
1494-1526 378
(_From a photograph by Valentine and Sons, Dundee_)
181. Catharine of Aragon 380
(_From a painting in the National Portrait
Gallery_)
182. The gatehouse of Coughton Court, Warwickshire; built
about 1530 381
(_From Niven's_ 'Illustrations of Old Warwickshire
Houses')
183. Hall of Christchurch, Oxford; built by Cardinal Wolsey;
finished in 1529 384
(_From a photograph by W. H. Wheeler, Oxford_)
184. Sir Thomas More, wearing the collar of SS. 387
(_From an original portrait painted by Holbein in 1527,
belonging to Edward Huth, Esq._)
185. John Fisher, Bishop of Rochester, 1504-1535 393
(_From a drawing by Holbein in the Royal Library,
Windsor Castle_)
186. Edward Seymour, Earl of Hertford, brother of Jane Seymour,
afterwards Duke of Somerset, known as 'the Protector,'
at the age of 28, 1507-1552 395
(_From a painting at Sudeley Castle_)
187. Henry VIII. 403
(_From a painting by Holbein, belonging to the Earl
of Warwick_)
188. Angel of Henry VIII., 1543 405
(_From an original example_)
189. Part of the encampment at Marquison, 1544, showing
military equipment in the time of Henry VIII. 406
190, 191. Part of the siege of Boulogne by Henry VIII.,
1544, showing military operations 407, 408
(_From the Society Of Antiquaries' engravings, by
Vertue, of the now destroyed paintings formerly at
Cowdray House, Sussex_)
192. Armour as worn in the reign of Henry VIII.; from the
brass of John Lymsey, 1545, in Hackney church 409
193. Margaret, wife of John Lymsey; from her brass in Hackney
church, showing the costume of a lady circa 1545 409
(_From Haines's_ 'Manual of Monumental Brasses')
194. Thomas Howard, third Duke of Norfolk, 1473(?)-1554 410
(_From a painting by Holbein at Windsor Castle_)
195. Thomas Cranmer, Archbishop of Canterbury, 1533-1556 414
(_From a painting by Holbein dated 1547, at Jesus
College, Cambridge_)
196. Nicholas Ridley, Bishop of London, 1550-1553 417
(_From the National Portrait Gallery_)
197. King Edward VI. 419
(_From a picture belonging to H. Hucks Gibbs, Esq._)
198. Queen Mary Tudor 422
(_From a painting by Lucas de Heere, dated 1554,
belonging to the Society of Antiquaries_)
199. Hugh Latimer, Bishop of Worcester, 1535-1539,
burnt 1555 425
(_From the National Portrait Gallery_)
200. A milled half-sovereign of Elizabeth, 1562-1568 435
(_From an original example_)
201. Silver-gilt standing cup made in London in 1569-70,
and given to Corpus Christi College, Cambridge, by
Parker 440
(_From Cripps's_ 'College and Corporation Plate')
202. Sir Francis Drake in his forty-third year 448
(_From the engraving by Elstracke_)
203. Armour as worn during the reign of Elizabeth; from the
brass of Francis Clopton, 1577, at Long Melford,
Suffolk 451
(_From Haines's_ 'Manual of Monumental Brasses')
204. Hall of Burghley House, Northamptonshire, built about
1580 455
(_From Drummond's_ 'Histories of Noble British
Families')
205. Sir Martin Frobisher, died 1594 459
(_From a picture belonging to the Earl of Carlisle_)
206. The Spanish Armada. Fight between the English and Spanish
fleets off the Isle of Wight, July 25, 1588 461
(_From Pine's engravings of the tapestry formerly in
the House of Lords_)
207. Sir Walter Raleigh (1552-1618), and his eldest son Walter
at the age of eight 463
(_From a picture dated 1602, belonging to Sir J. F.
Lennard, Bart._)
208. A mounted soldier at the end of the sixteenth century 465
(_From a broadside printed in 1596, in the Society of
Antiquaries' collection_)
209. Wollaton Hall, Nottinghamshire; built by Thorpe for
Sir Francis Willoughby, about 1580-1588 466
(_From a photograph by R. Keene, Derby_)
210. Hardwick Hall, Derbyshire; built by Elizabeth,
Countess of Shrewsbury, about 1597 467
(_From a photograph by R. Keene, Derby_)
211. E-shaped house at Beaudesert, Staffordshire; built by
Thomas, Lord Paget, about 1601 469
(_From a photograph by R. Keene, Derby_)
212. Ingestre Hall, Staffordshire; built about 1601 471
(_From a photograph by R. Keene, Derby_)
213. Coaches in the reign of Elizabeth 473
(_From_ 'Archæologia,' vol. xx. pl. xviii.)
214. William Shakspere 474
(_From the bust on his tomb at Stratford-on-Avon_)
215. Robert Devereux, second Earl of Essex, K.G., 1567-1601 476
(_From a painting by Van Somer, dated 1599, belonging
to the Earl of Essex_)
216. Queen Elizabeth, 1558-1603 477
(_From a painting belonging to the University of
Cambridge_)
217. William Cecil, Lord Burghley, K.G., 1520-1591 479
(_From a painting in the Bodleian Library, Oxford_)
218. Royal arms borne by James I. and succeeding Stuart
sovereigns 482
(_From Boutell's_'English Heraldry')
219. North-west view of Hatfield House, Herts; built for
Robert Cecil, first Earl of Salisbury, between 1605 and
1611 485
(_From a photograph by Valentine and Sons, Dundee_)
220. An unknown gentleman 487
(_From a painting belonging to T. A. Hope, Esq._)
221. King James I. 491
(_From a painting by P. Van Somer, dated 1621, in the
National Portrait Gallery_)
222. Civil costume, about 1620 492
(_From a contemporary broadside in the collection of
the Society of Antiquaries_)
223. The banqueting-hall of the Palace of Whitehall (from the
north-east); built from the designs of Inigo Jones,
1619-1621 493
(_From a photograph_)
224. Francis Bacon, Viscount St. Alban, Lord Chancellor 495
(_From a painting by P. Van Somer in the National
Portrait Gallery_)
225. Costume of a lawyer 497
(_From a broadside dated 1623 in the collection of the
Society of Antiquaries_)
226. The Upper House of Convocation 498
227. The Lower House of Convocation 499
(_From a broadside dated 1623, in the collection of
the Society of Antiquaries_)
228. King Charles I. 504
(_From a painting by Van Dyck_)
229. Queen Henrietta Maria, wife of Charles I. 505
(_From a painting by Van Dyck_)
230. Tents and military equipment in the early part of the
reign of Charles I. 507
(_From the monument of Sir Charles Montague (died in
1625), in the church of Barking, Essex_)
231. George Villiers, first duke of Buckingham, 1592-1628 509
(_From the painting by Gerard Honthorst in the
National Portrait Gallery_)
232. Sir Edward and Lady Filmer; from their brass at East
Sutton, Kent, showing armour and dress worn about 1630 515
(_From Waller's_ 'Monumental Brasses')
233. Archbishop Laud 517
(_From a copy in the National Portrait Gallery by
Henry Stone, from the Van Dyck at Lambeth_)
234. Silver-gilt tankard made at London in 1634-5; now
belonging to the Corporation of Bristol 518
(_From Cripps's_ 'College and Corporation Plate')
235. The 'Sovereign of the Seas,' built for the Royal Navy in
1637 522
(_From a contemporary engraving by John Payne_)
236. Soldier armed with a pike 527
237. Soldier with musket and crutch 527
(_From a broadside printed about 1630, in the
collection of the Society of Antiquaries_)
238-243. Ordinary civil costume, _temp._ Charles I., viz:--
A gentleman and a gentlewoman 550
A citizen and a citizen's wife 551
A countryman and a countrywoman 552
(_From Speed's map of_ 'The Kingdom of England,' 1646)
244. View of the west side of the Banqueting-House, Whitehall,
dated 1713, showing the window through which Charles I.
is said to have passed to the scaffold 558
(_From an engraving by Terasson_)
245. Execution of King Charles I., January 30, 1649 559
(_From a broadside in the collection of the late
Richard Fisher, Esq., F.S.A._)
246. A coach in the middle of the seventeenth century 564
(_From an engraving by John Dunstall_)
247. Oliver Cromwell 567
(_From the painting by Samuel Cooper, at Sidney Sussex
College, Cambridge_)
248. Charles II. 579
(_From the portrait by Sir Peter Lely in Christ's
Hospital, London_)
249. Edward Hyde, first Earl of Clarendon, 1608-1674 581
(_From an engraving by Loggan_)
250. A mounted nobleman and his squire 582
(_From Ogilby's_ 'Coronation Procession of
Charles II.')
251. Dress of the Horseguards at the Restoration 583
(_From Ogilby's_ 'Coronation Procession of
Charles II.')
252. Yeoman of the Guard 583
(_From Ogilby's_ 'Coronation Procession of
Charles II.')
253. Shipping in the Thames, circa 1660 584
(_From Pricke's_ 'South Prospect of London')
254. Old St. Paul's, from the east, showing its condition
just before the Great Fire 591
(_From an engraving by Hollar_)
255. John Milton in 1669 597
(_From the engraving by Faithorne_)
256. Temple Bar, London, built by Sir Christopher Wren in
1670 601
(_From a photograph_)
257. Anthony Ashley-Cooper, first Earl of Shaftesbury,
1621-1683 604
(_From the painting by John Greenhill in the National
Portrait Gallery_)
258. Ordinary dress of gentlemen in 1675 611
(_From Loggan's_ 'Oxonia Illustrata')
259. Cup presented, 1676, by King Charles II. to the Barber
Surgeons' Company 612
(_From Cripps's_ 'College and Corporation Plate')
260. Steeple of the church of St. Mary-le-Bow, London,
built by Sir Christopher Wren between 1671 and 1680 614
(_From a photograph_)
261. Dress of ladies of quality 628
(_From Sandford's_ 'Coronation Procession of
James II.')
262. Ordinary attire of women of the lower classes 628
(_From Sandford's_ 'Coronation Procession of
James II.')
263. Coach of the latter half of the seventeenth century 629
(_From Loggan's_ 'Oxonia Illustrata')
264. Waggon of the second half of the seventeenth century 629
(_From Loggan's_ 'Oxonia Illustrata')
265. Reaping and harvesting in the second half of the
seventeenth century 630
(_From Loggan's_ 'Cantabrigia Illustrata')
266. Costume of a gentleman 632
(_From Sandford's_ 'Coronation Procession of
James II.')
267. James II. 635
(_From the painting by Sir Godfrey Kneller in 1684-5
in the National Portrait Gallery_)
268. Yeomen of the Guard 636
(_From Sandford's_ 'Coronation Procession of
James II.')
269. Dress of a bishop in the second half of the seventeenth
century 642
(_From Sandford's_ 'Coronation Procession of
James II.')
GENEALOGICAL TABLES
I
_KINGS AND QUEENS OF ENGLAND (AFTER 1541 OF ENGLAND AND IRELAND)
FROM HENRY VII. TO ELIZABETH._
HENRY VII. = Elizabeth
1485-1509 | of York
_____________________________|
| |
Arthur = Catharine = HENRY VIII. = (2) Anne Boleyn = (3) Jane Seymour
Prince of Aragon | 1509-1547 | |
of | | |
Wales | | |
MARY I. ELIZABETH EDWARD VI.
1553-1559 1558-1603 1547-1553
II
_KINGS OF SCOTLAND AND GREAT BRITAIN, FROM JAMES IV. OF SCOTLAND TO
WILLIAM AND MARY._
HENRY VII.,
king of | England
|
JAMES IV. = Margaret = Archibald, Earl of
king of Scotland | | Angus
1488-1513 | |
__________________| |
| |
JAMES V. = Mary of Guise Margaret Douglas = Matthew Stuart
1513-1542 | | Earl of Lennox
| |
|__________________________ |
| |
(1) Francis II. = MARY = (2) Henry Stuart
king of France 1542-1567 | (Lord Darnley)
|
JAMES VI.
1567-1625
king of Great Britain
as JAMES I.
1603-1625
III
_KINGS OF GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND FROM JAMES I. TO GEORGE I._
JAMES I. = Anne of Denmark
1603-1625 |
|
|
____________________________________________
| | |
| | |
Henry CHARLES I.=Henrietta Elizabeth=Frederick V.
Prince of 1625-1649 | Maria of | Elector
Wales | France | Palatine
| |
| |_____________
__________________________________________________________ |
| | | |
| | | |
CHARLES II.=Catharine Mary=WILLIAM II. (1)Anne Hyde=JAMES II.=(2)Mary|
(nominally) of | Prince of |1685-1689| of |
1649-1660 Braganza | Orange | |Modena |
(actually) | | | |
1660-1685 | ______________| | |
| | | | |
| | | | |
WILLIAM III. = MARY II. ANNE James |
Prince of 1689-1694 1702-1714 (The Old |
Orange, Pretender) |
king of Great | |
Britain and | |
Ireland Charles Edward |
1689-1702 (The Young |
Pretender) |
|
______________________________|
|
|
_______________________________________
| | |
| | |
Charles Lewis Prince Rupert Sophia
Elector Palatine |
|
GEORGE I.
1714-1727
IV
_GENEALOGY OF THE KINGS OF FRANCE FROM LOUIS XII. TO LOUIS XIV.,
SHOWING THEIR DESCENT FROM LOUIS IX._
(St.) Louis IX.
1226-1270
|
+--------------------------------+
| |
Philip III. Robert of Clermont
1270-1285 |
| |
| Louis I. Duke of
+----------------+ Bourbon
| | :
Philip IV. Charles :
1283-1314 of Valois '...............
| | :
| | :
(For descendants Philip VI. :
of 1328-1350 :
Philip IV. | :
see Part I. | :
Table IV.) JOHN :
1350-1364 :
| :
+-------------+ :
| | :
CHARLES V. Louis :
1364-1380 Duke of Orleans :
| | :
| +---------------------+ :
| | | :
CHARLES VI. Charles John :
1380-1422 Duke of Orleans Count of Angoulême :
| | | :
| | | :
CHARLES VII. LOUIS XII. Charles :
1422-1461 1498-1515 | :
| | :
| | :
LOUIS XI. FRANCIS I. :
1461-1483 1515-1547 :
| | :
| +---------------------+ :
CHARLES VIII. | .....................'
1483-1498 | :
| :
HENRY II. Antony = Jeanne d'Albret,
1547-1559 | queen of
| | Navarre
+-------------+-----------+-----+-----+ |
| | | |
FRANCIS II. CHARLES IX. Francis HENRY III. HENRY IV.
1559-1560 1560-1574 Duke of 1574-1589 1589-1610
Alençon |
|
Louis XIII.
1610-1643
|
|
Louis XIV.
1643-1715
V
_GENEALOGY OF THE KINGS OF SPAIN FROM FERDINAND AND ISABELLA TO
CHARLES II._
Maximilian I. FERDINAND = ISABELLA
Emperor king of Aragon | queen of
| 1479-1516 | Castile
| ___________________| 1474-1504
| | |
PHILIP I. = Juana Catharine = (1) Arthur, Prince of Wales
Archduke of | (2) Henry VIII. king of England
Austria, |
king of |
Castile |
1504-1506 |____________________________
| |
CHARLES I. Ferdinand I.
(the Emperor Charles V.) Emperor
king of Castile, 1506-1556,
king of Aragon, 1516-1556
|
PHILIP II.
1556-1598
|
PHILIP III.
1598-1621
|
PHILIP IV.
1621-1665
|
CHARLES II.
1665-1700
VI
_GENEALOGY OF THE GERMAN BRANCH OF THE HOUSE OF AUSTRIA FROM
FERDINAND I. TO LEOPOLD I._
(The dates given are those during which an archduke was emperor.)
FERDINAND I.
1556-1564
|__________________
| |
MAXIMILIAN II. Charles
1564-1576 Duke of Styria
_______________________| |
| | |
RUDOLPH II. MATTHIAS FERDINAND II.
1576-1612 1612-1619 1619-1635
|
FERDINAND III.
1635-1658
|
LEOPOLD I.
1658-1705
VII
_GENEALOGY OF THE PRINCES OF ORANGE FROM WILLIAM I. TO WILLIAM III._
WILLIAM I.
(The Silent)
1558-1584
_________________|________________
| | |
PHILIP WILLIAM MAURICE FREDERICK HENRY
1584-1618 1618-1625 1625-1647
|
WILLIAM II.
1647-1650
|
WILLIAM III.
1650-1702
_SHORTER AND SOMETIMES MORE DETAILED GENEALOGIES will be found in
the following pages._
PAGE
Genealogy of the Poles 399
" " children of Henry VIII. 411
" " Greys 421
" " last Valois kings of France 433
" " Guises 435
" of Mary and Darnley 438
" of the descendants of Charles I. 609
PART V
_THE RENASCENCE AND THE REFORMATION_ =1509-1603=