These are operated in two ways, by the belt or foot-power. There are
two kinds of each: “French index” and “American index.”
[Illustration: Fig. 2.]
[Illustration: Fig. 3.]
[Illustration: Fig. 4.]
[Illustration: Fig. 5.]
[Illustration: Fig. 6.]
[Illustration: Fig. 7.]
[Illustration: Fig. 8.]
[Illustration: Fig. 9.]
[Illustration: Fig. 10.]
[Illustration: Fig. 11.]
Figs. 2 to 11 are drawn to one-half the actual size of the “Uhlinger
Card Stamping Machine.”
Figs. 13, 16, 17, 18, 19 are drawn to one-quarter the actual size of
the “Royle Card Stamping Machine.”
Figs. 2 and 13 (_E_, _F_, _G_, _H_,) represent the top view of the head
(cover taken off), the twelve holes for holding the punches for one
row, also the large hole for holding the peg, _P_. Each punch works
vertically, and is guided by a key for stamping the hole.
Fig. 14 illustrates the punch (actual size) as used in the “Royle”
machine: _a_ to _b_ = 3/4 inch; _b_ to _c_ = 2-7/8 inches; 7/32 inch
diameter of punch, _d_ to _c_.
Fig. 15 illustrates a corresponding key: diameter of key 3/16 inch,
_d_ to _e_; diameter of head, 3/8 inch, _a_ to _b_; _c_ is the hole
for inserting the pin which holds the spring. The length of the keys
vary from 1-3/4 to 2-1/8 inches, according to the position they occupy
in the machine. The punch and key of the Uhlinger machine are shown
(one-half of actual size) in Figs. 4 and 5.
_A_ and _B_, in Figs. 2 and 13, represent the piston for guiding the
head in its vertical motion.
Fig. 3 represents the front view of the head. The numbers and letters
indicating the different parts correspond with Fig. 2.
The principle of construction and action of the heads in both kinds of
machine are similar. Each key is provided with a fine spiral spring,
which, after every action of the key, returns it to its original
position. The key for the peg-hole is controlled by the larger spring,
_S_, _D_, in Figs. 2 and 13. The arrows in these two drawings indicate
the direction taken by the keys when under pressure.
When cutting cards eight rows deep, the thumb of the right hand works
the key for the peg-hole; the eight keys in the rear of the machine
(which are the ones to be used) are worked by the four fingers of each
hand.
When cutting cards twelve rows deep, the eight keys in the rear are
operated by the eight fingers in the same manner; but the thumb of the
right hand operates keys marked 1 and 2, and the thumb of the left
hand operates keys marked 11 and 12.
During the cutting operation the fingers should not be removed from the
keys; they should always be in readiness to press the required key into
action, as this is the only way to become expert.
The eye of the card stamper must rest uninterruptedly on his design;
and the keys are called at will by the fingers, without the eye leaving
the design, to find out where a certain key or finger is situated at
the time.
Fig. 4 shows relative positions of punch, _S_, and key, _E_, when ready
for stamping a hole.
Fig. 5 shows the relative positions of punch and key when no hole is
required.
_O_ represents the Jacquard card as resting in the slot of the lower
head. II. in Fig. 3, marked _X to Z_, shows a full width view of this
card.
The space _D_, in Figs. 4 and 5 permits the spring to be inserted
regulating the key. _A_, _B_, _C_, solid parts of the upper head, (I.,
in Fig. 3). _F_, _G_, _K_, _L_, solid parts of the lower head, (II., in
Fig. 3).
The cards are passed into and through the stationary part of the head
at _X_, _Z_, and are attached to a “carriage” in the rear of the punch
head.
[Illustration: Fig. 12.]
Two methods are employed for moving the carriage:
1st. By a “skipper” at its rear fastened to the carriage, which
moves in a rack of pins secured to the cutting table. This method of
construction is used by the Uhlinger machine. Figs. 6 and 7 are front
and side views of this mechanism. Figs. 8 and 9, the top view and
sectional cut of the rack.
2d. The rack is fastened to the carriage, and the skipper to the table,
thus reversing the first method. [See Fig. 19, top view.] This method
of construction is employed in the Royle machine.
The distance of the pins in the racks in both systems of construction
(American and French) corresponds to the distance of the rows in
the card. The racks are generally constructed for 600, 900, and
1200 Jacquard machines. Of these three sizes the 1200 is the most
advantageous, as cards can be cut for any smaller size machine. The
rack of a 900 machine (French index) contains 88 pins, while that of a
1200 machine (French index) contains 114 pins.
Fig. 10 illustrates the “catch” for holding the cards in the Uhlinger
machine. This is fastened to the carriage when pressed by the hand on
top in the direction of arrow, _S_; this catch will compress spring,
_D_, in the direction of arrow, _S´_, thus opening the “blade,” _C_,
(front view shown by Fig. 11), in the direction of arrow, _S´´_, thus
allowing the card to be inserted and held, securely fastened to the
carriage.
Fig. 18 illustrates the side view of the carriage and its catch for
holding the Jacquard card as used in the Royle machine. Arrow, _S_,
indicates the pressure of the operator’s hand on lever, _B_, when the
card is inserted. This lever presses by means of presser, _D_, in the
direction of arrow, _S´_, on the double-acting lever, _E_, at _c_.
This lever moving around its fulcrum, _e_, will lift catch, _F_, in
the direction of arrow, _S´´_, thus allowing the card to be inserted.
Spring, _G_, fastened to main part of carriage, _A_, by means of screw,
_a_, secures the card to the catch. _C_, _C´_, are the carriage wheels,
of which there are four.
[Illustration: Fig. 13.]
[Illustration: Fig. 14.]
[Illustration: Fig. 15.]
[Illustration: Fig. 16.]
[Illustration: Fig. 17.]
[Illustration: Fig. 18.]
[Illustration: Fig. 19.]
Fig. 19 represents the top view of Fig. 18, and is designed to show
the arrangement of levers, wheels, and catches of the complete rack
as used for a 900 machine. The letters indicating the different parts
correspond with the ones used in Fig. 18.
Fig. 16 shows top view and ground plan, and Fig. 17 the front elevation
of the “card-guide,” as constructed on the Royle machine. It is
universal and self-adjusting to any width of cards from 3/4 to 3-1/2
inches; both guide-plates, _C_ and _D_, are caused to move equally
toward or away from the peg-punch, thus accurately centering the
peg-hole in all cards.
Letters _A_, _B_, _P_, and numbers 1 to 12, correspond to those used in
Fig. 13. _E_, _F_, _H_, _K_, are the three levers moving around pin,
_G_, (the latter in even line with the centre of the peg-hole, _P_).
These levers are held by screw, _L_, in any required position. Spring,
_S_, holds lever, _F_, _H_, against pin, _T_, which in turn is fastened
to the same plate as screw, _L_.
Fig. 16 indicates the card-guide set for a 12-row card. Let us suppose
it necessary to cut an 8-row card. Loosen screw, _L_, and spring, _S_,
will instantly contract until each side of the guide has moved the
required distance (two holes and two spaces between holes) towards the
centre. Much valuable time is saved by the use of this guide, as it
instantly adjusts itself to any width of card, and at the same time
centralizes each card passed through the machine. In factories where
broken cards require to be constantly renewed, the value of this guide
is especially noticeable, there being no material interruption of the
regular work of the operator, who can replace the damaged card at the
moment wanted.
[Illustration: Fig. 20.]
Letters indicating the different parts in Fig. 17, correspond to those
used in Fig. 16. As mentioned before, the pistons, _A_ and _B_, of
the cutting head are connected below the table to the cutting levers,
and by a simple combination of levers, the cutting pedal is brought
in direct relation to the cutting lever; all of which are illustrated
in the perspective view of the Royle machine in Fig. 20, and the
Uhlinger machine in Fig. 12. The working of the cutting pedal is very
simple. Pressing the pedal, situated at the right, causes the punch
head to descend, and the punch penetrates the card. Transferring the
pressure from the right to the left pedal raises the punch-head to its
former position, (punches above card), ready for a repetition of these
movements. The “skip” arrangement allows the carriage to advance the
distance from one pin to the other in the card-rack, thus placing the
card in proper position under the punches.
At the proper height above the punch-head is the reading-board, on
which the guide-rules are moved across the design by screws, which are
connected by gearing and operated by means of the hand-wheel or crank
shown on the lower side of the board. As drawing-pins or thumb-tacks
are generally used as fastenings for the design, the reading-board is
made of soft wood, and its trimmings are made of hard wood.
[Illustration: Fig. 21.]
Fig. 21 illustrates the Uhlinger Card Stamping Machine operated by
belt-power. Being the same in principle as the foot-power machine, it
is only necessary to state that instead of working the machine by means
of the cutting pedals, it is done automatically by simply touching any
of the keys that operate the punches; thus the machine makes one stroke
and punches the required holes.
The Stamping of Cards.
[Illustration: Fig. 22.]
Before commencing this work a clear conception of the tie-up and
leasing of the heddles is required. The holes in the cards for the
needles to penetrate, or the spots in cards where no hole is to be
stamped, must be arranged in an uninterrupted chain from one row to
the other, until all the rows are taken up. As previously mentioned,
the method observed in tying-up the loom is the guide for stamping
the cards. The number of ends required in a certain design may repeat
only once in the number of hooks and needles employed in the Jacquard
machine; or they may repeat two, three, or more times.
[Illustration: Fig. 23.]
Fig. 23 illustrates a design upon 40 warp-threads. Fig. 22 shows the
corresponding card, (French index), one-fourth of its actual size,
for the first pick. In a 200 machine this design will repeat itself
five times. The lace-holes and the peg-holes are blank. The reserve
row (26th) is shaded, and the design as cut in card is indicated by
black dots. This cut also shows the direction of reading each row to
correspond with the numbering for the punch-heads, in Figs. 2, 3,
13, and card-guide in Fig. 16. The numbers 1 to 40, 41 to 80, 81 to
120, 121 to 160, 161 to 200, indicate the direction of stamping the
design, as well as the five repeats to form the complete card. In this
connection it will be of great advantage to examine Fig. XXIX., p. 28,
under the head of the Jacquard Machine and its Tie-ups.
[Illustration: Fig. 24.]
Fig. 24 illustrates a Jacquard card (American index) stamped for
ingrain carpets, one-half of actual size. This card illustrates the
stamping for two textures, 1´ to 208´ being for “extra fine.” The
26 rows needed are shown full black, and marked to correspond. The
peg-holes and lace-holes are left blank. In the other texture, or
what is termed “extra super” ingrain carpet, the additional rows are
represented by the shaded holes at the ends of the cards. Arrow, _S_,
indicates the direction for commencing to read off each row.