1841. Prosecution for aiding fugitive sl_The Underground Railroad from Slavery to Freedom: A comprehensive history

Wilson, _Rise and Fall of the Slave Power_, II, 71; Goodell,

_Slavery and Anti-Slavery_, 440; Thompson, _Prison Life and

Reflections_; Asbury, _History of Quincy, Illinois_, 74.

26. Van Zandt case. (Jones _vs._ Van Zandt.)

1842-1847. Prosecution for aiding runaways in southwestern Ohio; 5

Howard's _Reports_, 215; Letter of N. L. Van Sandt, Clarinda, Iowa;

Wilson, _Rise and Fall of the Slave Power_, I, 475, 476; Cobb,

_Historical Sketches of Slavery_, 207; 2 McLean's _Reports_, 612;

Schuckers, _Life and Public Services of S. P. Chase_, 53-66; Warden,

_Private Life and Public Services of S. P. Chase_, 296.

27. Prigg case. (Prigg _vs._ the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania.)

1842. Prosecution for causing arrest and removal of a runaway

contrary to provisions of a state law. Decision of the Supreme

Court of the United States frees state officers from taking part in

fugitive slave cases: 16 Peters' _Reports_, 539; _Report of Case

of Edward Prigg_, Supreme Court, Pennsylvania; Cobb, _Historical

Sketch of Slavery_; Bledsoe, _Liberty and Slavery_, 355; Clarke,

_Anti-Slavery Days_, 69; Hurd, _Law of Freedom and Bondage_, II,

456-492; Wilson, _Rise and Fall of the Slave Power_, I, 472, 473;

Von Holst, _Constitutional History_, III, 310-312.

28. Latimer case.

1842. Famous fugitive slave case in Boston. Fugitive released by

purchase: _Liberator_, Oct. 25, Nov. 11, Nov. 25, 1842, Feb. 3, 7,

17, 1843, and Aug. 16, 1844; _Law Reporter_, Latimer Case, March,

1843; _Eleventh Annual Report of Mass. Anti-Slavery Society_; _Mass.

House Journal_, 1843, pp. 72, 158; _Mass. Senate Journal_, 1843, p.

232; Wilson, _Rise and Fall of the Slave Power_, I, 477; McDougall,

_Fugitive Slaves_, 39, 40.

29. Milton Clark rescue case.

1842. September. Release of the fugitive, captured in Lake County,

Ohio, by writ of habeas corpus in Ashtabula County, Ohio, followed

by his disappearance by way of the Underground Railroad: _Geneva_

(Ohio) _Times_, Sept. 14, 1892.

30. Eells case.

1842-1852. Prosecution for harboring a slave in Adams County,

Illinois: _5 Illinois Reports_, 498; 14 Howard's _Reports_, 13.

31. Case of Charles T. Torrey.

1843. Prosecution for attempt to abduct slaves from Virginia:

Wilson, _Rise and Fall of the Slave Power_, II, 80.

32. Case of Delia A. Webster.

1844. Prosecution for attempt to abduct slaves from Kentucky: _Rev.

Calvin Fairbank During Slavery Times_; _Chicago Tribune_, Jan. 29,

1893.

33. Case of Calvin Fairbank.

1844. Prosecution for attempt to abduct slaves from Kentucky: _Rev.

Calvin Fairbank During Slavery Times_; _Chicago Tribune_, Jan. 29,

1893.

34. Marysville (Ohio) rendition case.

1844, September 10. Rendition of two fugitives captured on the

Scioto River, near Marysville, Union County, Ohio: _Marysville

Tribune_, May 17, 1893; Letter of Mahlon Pickrell, Zanesfield, Ohio,

March 25, 1893.

35. Walker case.

1844. Prosecution for attempt to abduct slaves from Florida: Trial

and Imprisonment of Jonathan Walker, _Liberator_, Aug. 16, 31, Sept.

6, 13, Oct. 18, 25 and Dec. 27, 1844, Aug. 8, 15, and July 18, 1845;

Wilson, _Rise and Fall of the Slave Power_, 83; McDougall, _Fugitive

Slaves_, 42.

36. Case of State _vs._ Hoppess. (Watson case.)

1845. Action before the Supreme Court of Ohio on the circuit

to secure the liberation of a recaptured slave: _2 Western Law

Journal_, 279; Schuckers, _Life and Public Services of S. P. Chase_,

74-77; Warden, _Private Life and Public Services of S. P. Chase_,

309.

37. Case of Vaughan _vs._ Williams.

1845. Prosecution before the Circuit Court of the United States for

the District of Indiana for rescuing fugitive slaves: _3 Western Law

Journal_, 65; _8 Law Reporter_, 375; _28 Federal Cases_, 1115; 3

McLean's _Reports_, 530.

38. Parish case. (Jane Garrison case.)

1845-1849. Prosecution of F. D. Parish for aiding fugitives at

Sandusky, Ohio: _Firelands Pioneer_, July, 1888; Warden, _Private

Life and Public Services of S. P. Chase_, 310; A. E. Lee, _History

of Columbus, Ohio_, I, 598.

39. Toledo (Ohio) rescue case.

1847, February. Rescue of a fugitive from custody while his captor

was being tried on a charge of assault and battery before a justice

of the peace: Conversation with James M. Ashley, Toledo, Ohio, July,

1895, and with Mavor Brigham, Toledo, Ohio, Aug. 4, 1895.

40. Crosswhite rescue case. (Case of Giltner _vs._ Gorham.)

1847. Prosecution for obstructing arrest of fugitives at Marshall,

Michigan: Pamphlet proposing a "Defensive League of Freedom," by E.

G. Loring, and others, pp. 5, 6; 4 McLean's _Reports_, 402.

41. Kauffman case.

1848. Prosecution of Daniel Kauffman, of Cumberland County,

Pennsylvania, for aiding fugitives: E. G. Loring and others,

Pamphlet proposing a "Defensive League of Freedom," pp. 5, 6.

42. Garrett case.

1848. Prosecution of Thomas Garrett, of Wilmington, Delaware, for

aiding fugitive slaves: Still, _Underground Railroad Records_,

623-641; Smedley, _Underground Railroad_, 237-245; McDougall,

_Fugitive Slaves_, 60; Wyman, _New England Magazine_, March, 1896.

43. Case of Drayton and Sayres. (Case of the schooner _Pearl_.)

1848, April 18. Prosecution for attempting abduction of slaves from

Washington, D.C.: _Personal Memoir of Daniel Drayton_; Wilson, _Rise

and Fall of the Slave Power_, II, 104; McDougall, _Fugitive Slaves_,

42.

44. Ohio and Kentucky controversy.

1848. Controversy on account of extradition of fifteen persons,

charged with aiding fugitives, demanded by Kentucky: _Liberator_,

July 14, 1848.

45. Craft escape.

1848. Escape of William and Ellen Craft: _Liberator_, Nov. 1, 1850;

Still, _Underground Railroad_, 368; Clarke, _Anti-Slavery Days_, 83;

Wilson, _Rise and Fall of the Slave Power_, II, 325; _New England

Magazine_, January, 1890; McDougall, _Fugitive Slaves_, 59.

46. Case of Richard Dillingham.

1848, December. Prosecution for attempting to abduct slaves from

Nashville, Tennessee: Benedict, _Memoir of Richard Dillingham_;

Stowe, _Key to Uncle Tom's Cabin_, 58, 59; _Reminiscences of Levi

Coffin_, 713-718; Howe, _Historical Collections of Ohio_, II, 590.

47. Clarksburgh (Indiana) case. (Case of Ray _vs._ Donnell and

Hamilton.)

1849, May. Prosecution for aiding fugitive slave: 4 McLean's

_Reports_, 504.

48. Case of Norris _vs._ Newton and others.

1849, September. Fugitives captured in Cass County, Michigan,

discharged on trial at South Bend, Indiana, prosecution of those who

interfered following: 5 McLean's _Reports_, 92.

49. First case under the Fugitive Slave Law of 1850. (Hamlet

"kidnapping" case.)

1850, September 26. Rendition of James Hamlet, a free negro,

living in New York City: _Fugitive Slave Bill, its History and

Unconstitutionality, with an Account of the Seizure of James

Hamlet_, 3; Wilson, _Rise and Fall of the Slave Power_, II, 304;

McDougall, _Fugitive Slaves_, 43, 44.

50. Chaplin case.

1850. Prosecution of William L. Chaplin for attempting to abduct

slaves of Robert Toombs and Alexander H. Stephens from Washington,

D.C.: Wilson, _Rise and Fall of the Slave Power_, II, 80-82; _Case

of William R. Chaplin_, etc. (Boston, 1851), p. 54.

51. Sims case.

1851. Rendition in Boston: _Liberator_, April 17 and 18; _Daily

Morning Chronicle_, April 26, 1851; _Twentieth Annual Report of

Mass. Anti-Slavery Society_, 1855, p. 19; _Trial of Sims, Arguments

by R. Rantoul, Jr., and C. G. Loring_; C. F. Adams, _Life of Richard

Henry Dana_, I, 185-301; 7 Cushing's _Reports_, 287; Wilson, _Rise

and Fall of the Slave Power_, II, 333; _New England Magazine_, June,

1890; McDougall, _Fugitive Slaves_, 44.

52. Shadrach case.

1851, February. Rescue in Boston: _Liberator_, Feb. 21, May 30,

1851; _Boston Traveller_, Feb. 15, 1851; _Boston Courier_, Feb. 17,

1851; _Washington National Era_, Feb. 27, 1851; _Cong. Globe_, 31

Cong., 2 Sess., Appendix, 238, 295, 510; May, _Fugitive Slave Law

and its Victims_, 10; Wilson, _Rise and Fall of the Slave Power_,

II, 329; Von Holst, III, 21; _Statesman's Manual_, III, 1919; _New

England Magazine_, May, 1890; McDougall, _Fugitive Slaves_, 47, 48;

Rhodes, _History of the United States_, I, 209, 210, 290.

53. Christiana case.

1851, September. Riot in Christiana, Pennsylvania, caused by attempt

to arrest and remove fugitives, followed by trial on the charge

of treason of the persons alleged to have prevented the arrest:

2 Wallace Jr.'s _Reports_, 159; _9 Legal Intelligencer_, 22; _4

American Law Journal_, n. s., 458; _9 Western Law Journal_, 103;

_26 Federal Cases_, 105; Still, _Underground Railroad_, 348-368;

"Parker's account," "The Freedman's Story," T. W. Higginson,

_Atlantic Monthly_, Feb. and March, 1866; _U. S. vs. Hanway,

Treason_, 247; May, _Fugitive Slave Law and its Victims_, 14;

_History of the Trial of Castner Hanway and others for Treason_; _N.

Y. Tribune_, Sept. 12, 1851, and Nov. 26 to Dec. 12; _Boston Daily

Traveller_, Sept. 12, 1851; _National Anti-Slavery Standard_, Sept.

18, 1851; _Lowell Journal_, Sept. 19, 1851; Smedley, _Underground

Railroad_, 107-130; Wilson, _Rise and Fall of the Slave Power_, II,

328, 329; McDougall, _Fugitive Slaves_, 50, 51; Rhodes, _History of

the United States_, I, 222-224.

54. Jerry rescue.

1851, October. Rescue of Jerry McHenry in Syracuse, New York:

_Liberator_, Oct. 10-17, 1851; S. J. May, _Recollections of the

Anti-Slavery Conflict_, 349-364; _Life of Gerrit Smith_, 117; _Trial

of H. W. Allen_, 3; Wilson, _Rise and Fall of the Slave Power_,

II, 305, 306; E. W. Seward, _Seward at Washington as Senator and

Secretary of State_, I, 169, 170; McDougall, _Fugitive Slaves_, 44,

47-51.

55. Parker rescue.

1851, December 31. Rescue by Mr. Miller: Wilson, _Rise and Fall

of the Slave Power_, II, 324; May, _Fugitive Slave Law and its

Victims_, 15; _Liberator_, 1853, Feb. 4; _Lunsford Lane_, 113.

56. Brig Florence rescue.

1853. Rescue of a slave on board by Capt. Austin Bearse: Bearse,

_Reminiscences of Fugitive Slave-Law Days in Boston_, 34.

57. Case of Oliver _vs._ Weakley and others.

1853. Prosecution before the United States Circuit Court for the

Western District of Pennsylvania in October term for harboring

fugitives: 2 Wallace Jr.'s _Reports_, 324.

58. Louis case.

1853, October. Escape of the fugitive, Louis, from the court-room

while on trial in Cincinnati: _Liberator_, Oct. 28, 1853;

_Reminiscences of Levi Coffin_, 548-554.

59. Bellefontaine (Ohio) rescue case.

1852, November. Discharge of the Piatt slaves from custody by

the probate judge of Logan County, followed by their escape over

the Underground Railroad: _Logan County Gazette_, November, 1852;

Letter of the Hon. Robert T. Kennedy, Bellefontaine, Jan. 22, 1893;

Conversation with Judge Wm. H. West, Bellefontaine, Aug. 11, 1894;

Letter of R. H. Johnston, Belle Centre, Ohio, Sept. 22, 1894.

60. Case of Miller _vs._ McQuerry.

1853, August. Rendition of a fugitive, for several years a resident

near Troy, Ohio, by the Circuit Court of the United States at

Cincinnati, Ohio: 5 McLean's _Reports_, 481; 10 _Western Law

Journal_, 528; 17 _Federal Cases_, 335; May, The _Fugitive Slave Law

and its Victims_, 28; _History of Darke County, Ohio_, 324, 325.

61. Mitchell's case.

1853. Prosecution of Mitchell, an abolitionist of Indiana,

Pennsylvania, for harboring slaves: 2 Wallace Jr.'s _Reports_, 313;

_Pittsburgh Dispatch_, Feb. 13, 1898.

62. Glover rescue case. (Case of Ableman _vs._ Booth.)

1854, March 10. Rescue of Joshua Glover by a mob at Milwaukee;

followed by the prosecution of Sherman M. Booth, one of the

rescuers, and a conflict between the Supreme Court of Wisconsin and

the Supreme Court of the United States: _Liberator_, April 7, 24,

1854; Wilson, _Rise and Fall of the Slave Power_, II, 444; Mason,

_The Fugitive Slave Law in Wisconsin with Reference to Nullification

Sentiment_, 1895; C. C. Olin, _A Complete Record of the John Olin

Family_, 1893; Byron Paine and A. D. Smith, _Unconstitutionality of

the Fugitive Slave Act_. _Argument of A. D. Smith_, Milwaukee, 1854.

Wisconsin Supreme Court, _Unconstitutionality of the Fugitive Slave

Act, Decision in case of Booth and Rycraft_.

63. Burns case.

1854, May 24. Rendition of Anthony Burns in Boston: _Liberator_,

May, June, 1854, Aug. 22, 1861; _Kidnapping of Burns_, Scrapbook

collected by Theodore Parker; Personal Statement of Mr. Elbridge

Sprague, N. Abington; Accounts in _Boston Journal_, May 27,

29, 1854; _Daily Advertiser_, May 26, 29, June 7, 8, July 17;

_Traveller_, May 27, 29, June 2, 3, 6, 10, July 15, 18, Oct. 3, Nov.

29, Dec. 5, 7, 1854, April 3, 4, 10, 11, 1855; _Evening Gazette_,

May 27, 1854; _Worcester Spy_, May 31; Argument of Mr. R. H. Dana;

May, _Fugitive Slave Law and its Victims_, 256; Stevens, _History

of Anthony Burns_; _New York Tribune_, May 26, 1854; Clarke,

_Anti-Slavery Days_, 87; Greeley, _American Conflict_, I, 218;

Wilson, _Rise and Fall of the Slave Power_, II, 435; Von Holst, VI,

62; Garrisons' _Garrison_, II, 201, III, 409; C. F. Adams, _Dana_,

I, 262-330; Rhodes, _History of the United States_, I, 500-506; T.

W. Higginson, _Atlantic Monthly_, March, 1897, 349-354; McDougall,

_Fugitive Slaves_, 45; Lillie B. C. Wyman, _New England Magazine_,

July, 1890.

64. Sloane case.

1854. Prosecution of Rush R. Sloane before the District Court of

the United States at Columbus, Ohio, for dismissing fugitives from

the custody of their captors at Sandusky, Ohio: 5 McLean's _United

States Reports_, 64; Rush R. Sloane and H. F. Paden, _Firelands

Pioneer_, 47-49, 21-22.

65. Rosetta case.

1855, March. Release of the slave girl, Rosetta, by writ of

habeas corpus from the possession of her master, who brought her

voluntarily to Columbus, Ohio; followed some time later by the

seizure and removal of the girl, and the pursuit of her captors to

Cincinnati, where they were compelled by legal process to give her

up: Warden, _Private Life and Public Services of S. P. Chase_, 344,

345; A. E. Lee, _History of Columbus, Ohio_, I, 602, 603.

66. Erican case.

1855, May 28. Unsuccessful attempt at Columbus, Ohio, to persuade

two slave girls to leave their master, P. Erican, a Frenchman from

New Orleans, _en route_ with his family to Europe: Lee, _History of

Columbus, Ohio_, 603.

67. Margaret Garner case.

1856, January. Rendition of Margaret Garner at Cincinnati, Ohio,

after she had killed one of her children to prevent its return to

bondage: _Liberator_, Feb. 8, 22, 29, 1856; May, _Fugitive Slave

Law and its Victims_, 37; _Lunsford Lane_, 119; Greeley, _American

Conflict_, I, 219; Lalor's _Cyclopaedia_, I, 207; Wilson, _Rise

and Fall of the Slave Power_, II, 446, 447; James Monroe, _Oberlin

Thursday Lectures, Addresses and Essays_, 116; Schuckers, _Life and

Public Services of S. P. Chase_, 171-176; Warden, _Private Life and

Public Services of S. P. Chase_, 346-350.

68. Williamson case.

1856, January. Prosecution for aiding fugitives: _Narrative of the

Facts in the Case of Passmore Williamson_, Pennsylvania Anti-Slavery

Society; _Annual Report of the American Anti-Slavery Society_, New

York, May 7, 1856, p. 24; May, _Fugitive Slave Law and its Victims_,

9, 34; Wilson, _Rise and Fall of the Slave Power_, II, 448.

69. Johnson rescue case.

1856, July 16. Rescue of slave on ship from Mobile: _Liberator_,

July 18, 1856.

70. Gatchell case.

1857, January. Rendition of Philip Young: Chambers, _Slavery and

Color_; _Fugitive Slave Law_, Appendix, 197.

71. Addison White case.

1857, May 15. Prosecution of Udney Hyde and others for aiding the

fugitive, Addison White, at Mechanicsburg, Champaign County, Ohio:

Beer, _History of Clark County, Ohio_; Howe, _Historical Collections

of Ohio_, I, 384-386; Schuckers, _Life and Public Services of S.

P. Chase_, 177-182; Warden, _Private Life and Public Services of S.

P. Chase_, 350, 351.

72. Oberlin-Wellington rescue case.

1858, September 13. Rescue of the boy, John, at Wellington, Ohio,

followed by the prosecution of two rescuers, and the indictment

of four of the slave-catchers: Shipherd, _History of the

Oberlin-Wellington Rescue_; _Liberator_, Jan. 28, April 29, May 6,

June 3, 10, 1859; Cleveland (Ohio) _Plain Dealer_, July 6, 1859;

_Lunsford Lane_, 179; _Anglo-African Magazine_ (Oberlin-Wellington

Rescue), 209; May, _Fugitive Slave Law and its Victims_, 108; _New

Englander_, XVII, 686.

73. Nuckolls case.

1858, December. Prosecution of Nuckolls of Nebraska City, Nebraska,

for injuring a person who remonstrated against his search for

fugitives: Rev. John Todd, Tabor (Iowa) _Beacon_, 1890-91, Chapter

XXI, of a series of articles entitled "The Early Settlement and

Growth of Western Iowa."

74. John Brown's raid.

1858, December 20. Abduction of twelve slaves from Missouri, who

were conducted directly through to Canada: Sanborn, _Life and

Letters of John Brown_, 480-483; Redpath, _Public Life of Capt. John

Brown_, 219-221; Hinton, _John Brown and His Men_, 30-32, 221, 222;

Von Holst, _John Brown_, 104; I. B. Richman, _John Brown among the

Quakers, and Other Sketches_, 46-48; _Life of Frederick Douglass_,

1881, 280, 281, 318, 319; McDougall, _Fugitive Slaves_, 51, 52.

75. Charles Nalle case. (Troy, New York, rescue case.)

1859, April 28. _Troy Whig_, April 28, 1859; Bradford, _Harriet, the

Moses of Her People_, 143-149; _History of the County of Albany, N.

Y., from 1609-1886_, p. 765; _Liberator_, May 4, 1860.

76. Jim Gray case.

1859, October 20. Dismissal of fugitive from arrest by decision of

State Supreme Court at Ottawa, Illinois, followed by the rescue

of the slave from the custody of the United States marshal, and

the prosecution of several of the rescuers: _Ottawa_ (Ill.)

_Republican_, Nov. 9, 1891; _Pontiac_ (Ill.) _Sentinel_, 1891-92;

Speech of John Hossack, convicted of violation of the Fugitive Slave

Law, before Judge Drummond of the United States District Court,

Chicago, Ill. (New York, 1860.)

77. Sheldon and Woodford case.

1860, March. Prosecution of Edward Sheldon and Newton Woodford, of

Tabor, Iowa, for aiding fugitives: Rev. John Todd, _Tabor_ (Iowa)

_Beacon_, 1890-91, Chapter XXI, of series of articles on "The Early

Settlement and Growth of Western Iowa."

78. Anderson case.

1860. Extradition case between United States and Canada: _Pamphlets

on Anderson Case_, Boston Public Library; _Life of Gerrit Smith_,

15; _Liberator_, Dec. 3, 1860, Jan. 22, 1861; _British Documents_,

Parliament of Great Britain, "Correspondence Respecting Case of

Fugitive Slave, Anderson," London, 1861.

79. Cleveland (Ohio) rendition case.

1861. Rendition of the fugitive slave, Lucy, in Cleveland, Ohio, to

her master, Wm. S. Goshorn, of Wheeling, West Virginia: _Cleveland

Herald_, date unknown.

80. Iberia (Ohio) whipping case.

1861, November. Prosecution of the Rev. George Gordon, Principal of

Iberia College, for "resisting process" in the hands of a United

States deputy marshal, who was endeavoring to capture a fugitive

slave on the night of Sept. 20, 1860. The deputy and his assistants

were caught, disarmed, taken to the woods and whipped. Principal

Gordon witnessed without protest the last ten or fifteen lashes, and

for so doing was sentenced to six months' confinement in the county

jail, to pay a fine of $300, and the costs of prosecution--$1000 or

$1500 more: Rev. George Gordon in the _Principia_, Nov. 29, 1861.

81. John Dean case.

1862, June. Prosecution of John Dean, a prominent lawyer of

Washington, D.C., for protecting his client, an alleged fugitive

just released, from a second arrest: Noah Brooks, _Washington in

Lincoln's Time_, 197, 198.

APPENDIX C

FIGURES FROM THE UNITED STATES CENSUS REPORTS RELATING TO FUGITIVE

SLAVES

TABLE A

------------------------------------------------------------------------------

| CENSUS OF 1850 |CENSUS OF 1860

------------------------------------------------------------------------------

| | |Ratio | Per | | |Ratio | Per

------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Alabama | 342,844| 29| 11,822 | .0084| 435,080| 36 |12,086 |.0082

Arkansas | 47,100| 21| 2,242 | .0445| 111,115| 28 | 3,968 |.0252

Delaware | 2,290| 26| 88 |1.1352| 1,798| 12 | 150 |.6674

Florida | 39,310| 18| 2,184 | .0457| 61,745| 11 | 5,613 |.0177

Georgia | 381,682| 89| 4,288 | .0233| 462,198| 23 | 20,096 |.0049

Kentucky | 210,981| 96| 2,198 | .0455| 225,483| 119 | 1,895 |.0527

Louisiana | 244,809| 90| 2,720 | .0366| 331,726| 46 | 7,211 |.0138

Maryland | 90,368| 279| 324 | .3088| 87,189| 115 | 758 |.1318

Mississippi | 309,878| 40| 7,558 | .0132| 436,631| 68 | 6,422 |.0155

Missouri | 87,422| 60| 1,457 | .0686| 114,931| 99 | 1,161 |.0860

North Carolina| 288,548| 64| 4,508 | .0222| 331,059| 61 | 5,262 |.0184

South Carolina| 384,984| 16| 24,061 | .0041| 402,406| 23 | 17,501 |.0057

Tennessee | 239,459| 70| 3,421 | .0292| 275,719| 29 | 9,509 |.0105

Texas | 58,161| 29| 2,005 | .0498| 182,566| 16 | 11,410 |.0087

Virginia | 472,528| 82| 5,693 | .0175| 490,865| 117 | 4,194 |.0238

------------------------------------------------------------------------------

|3,200,364| 1,011| 3,165 | .0315|3,950,511| 803 | 4,919 |.0203

------------------------------------------------------------------------------

TABLE B

SHOWING THAT THE PERCENTAGE OF DECLINE OF THE SLAVE POPULATION FROM

1850-1860 WAS GREATER IN THE NORTHERNMOST COUNTIES OF THE BORDER

SLAVE STATES THAN IN THESE STATES AS A WHOLE

-----------------------------------------------------------------------

| Counties | 1850 | 1860 | 1850 | 1860 | | |

State | Bordering on | A | A | B | B | C | D |

-----------------------------------------------------------------------

Kentucky | Ill., O., Ind. | .20 | .11 | .27 | .24 | 45 | 11 |

Virginia | Pa., O. | .018 | .0089| .53 | .47 | 55 | 11 |

Missouri | Ia., Ill. | .11 | .081 | .15 | .108 | 25 | 28 |

Maryland | Pa. | .058 | .032 | .201 | .16 | 33 | 20.4 |

-----------------------------------------------------------------------

Average | 39.5 | 17.6 |

-----------------------------------------------------------------------

Table B legend:

A = Ratio between White and Slave Population in the Counties bordering

on the Free States

B = Ratio between White and Slave Population in Whole State

C = Per Cent of Decline of Slave Population in Counties in 10 Years

D = Per Cent of Decline of Slave Population in States in 10 Years

TABLE C

SHOWING THE PERCENTAGE OF DECLINE OF THE SLAVE POPULATION IN THE

"PAN HANDLE" COUNTIES OF VIRGINIA FROM 1850-1860

------------------------------------------------------------------------------

| | 1850 | 1850 | 1860 | 1860 | 1850 | 1860 | |

| "Pan | | | | | | | |

------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Virginia| Hancock | 4,040 | 3 | 4,442 | 2 |.00074 |.00045 | 39 |

" | Brooke | 4,923 | 100 | 5,425 | 18 |.0203 |.0033 | 83 |

" | Ohio |17,612 | 164 | 22,196 | 100 |.0093 |.0045 | 51 |

" | Marshall |10,050 | 49 | 12,911 | 29 |.0048 |.0022 | 54 |

" | Wetzel | 3,319 | 32 | 6,691 | 10 |.0096 |.0015 | 84 |

------------------------------------------------------------------------------

For all the Counties |39,944 | 348 | 51,665 | 159 |.0089 |.0030 | 56 |

------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Table C legend:

A = Ratio between White and Slave Population

B = Per Cent of Decline of Slave Population in 10 Years

APPENDIX D

BIBLIOGRAPHY

1. UNPUBLISHED REMINISCENCES

The materials upon which in large measure this book is based are

reminiscences gathered by correspondence and conversation with more

than a thousand persons, many of whom were old-time abolitionists,

while the remainder included the families and intimate friends of

abolitionists, and a number of fugitive slaves. It was discovered

by the author after only a short search for published sources that

little was to be gleaned in the libraries and that information

sufficient in amount for an extended study could be obtained only

by what geologists and botanists call field-work. The collection of

materials went on as time could be spared for this purpose until

a great mass of letters and notes had been brought together, and

then the work of sorting, arranging and classifying began. The

reminiscences were grouped by states and counties, so as to bring

out as far as possible the coincident and confirmatory character

of evidence relating to the same neighborhood or district; and the

value of the materials appeared in the tracings of underground

lines the author was able to make, county by county and state

by state, throughout the region of the free states from Iowa to

Maine. For the purpose of showing the extent and importance of the

underground movement these unpublished reminiscences have proved to

be invaluable.

2. PRINTED COLLECTIONS OF UNDERGROUND RAILROAD INCIDENTS

There are a few volumes that supply us with numerous illustrations

of the Underground Railroad in operation. These books are not

general treatises on the underground system, but give us an insight

into the clandestine work of several limited localities; they are

important because they exhibit the methods and devices of operators,

show the sacrifices made by them in behalf of the midnight seekers

after liberty, and supplement with valuable matter the unpublished

reminiscences. In addition to the well-known books of Still, Smedley

and Coffin, the author has found the three smaller, and hitherto

unquoted books by W. M. Mitchell, E. M. Pettit and H. U. Johnson, to

be useful.

3. PERSONAL RECOLLECTIONS

A few of those who were active in aiding slaves to escape to Canada

have published volumes of personal recollections, in which, among

other things, they tell more or less about their connection with

the humane but illegitimate work of the abolitionists, and give

vivid sketches of some of their associates, as well as of some

of their dark-skinned protégés. Such books are the Rev. James

Freeman Clarke's _Anti-Slavery Days_, the Rev. Samuel J. May's

_Recollections of our Anti-Slavery Conflict_, J. B. Grinnell's _Men

and Events of Forty Years_, Mrs. Laura S. Haviland's _A Woman's Life

Work_ and Mrs. E. B. Chace's _Anti-Slavery Reminiscences_.

A small class of books, of which the _Personal Memoirs_ of Daniel

Drayton, and the books by Dr. A. M. Ross and the Rev. Calvin

Fairbank are representatives, are indispensable as sources of

information relating to the abduction of slaves from the South.

The little book entitled _Harriet, the Moses of her People_, in

which that remarkable guide of fugitives, Harriet Tubman, relates

her exploits through the pen of her friend, Mrs. S. H. Bradford,

properly belongs to this group.

4. LETTERS, DIARIES AND SCRAP-BOOKS

The liability of Underground Railroad operators to severe penalties

for harboring runaways explains the dearth of evidence in the form

of letters, diaries and scrap-books they have left behind; such

evidence would have been incriminating. It is known that a few

abolitionists kept diaries and scrap-books and even wrote letters

in regard to the business of the Road, but most of these records

appear to have been destroyed before the beginning of the Civil

War. The author has been able to secure only two or three letters

and the single leaf of a diary in centres where much work was

done. Three scrap-books in the Boston Public Library, containing

memoranda, clippings, handbills, etc., that refer in particular to

the experiences of Theodore Parker, shed much light on the work of

the Vigilance Committee of Boston, and supply important information

in regard to the famous case of Anthony Burns.

5. BIOGRAPHIES AND MEMOIRS

Biographies and memoirs of anti-slavery men not infrequently contain

references to aid rendered to fugitives, explain the motives of the

philanthropists, and give their versions of the fugitive slave cases

that came within their immediate knowledge; such books are often

indices of the public sentiment of the localities in which their

subjects lived, and when read in conjunction with the biographies

of pro-slavery advocates help us to realize the conflicting

interests that expressed themselves in the slavery controversy.

Lydia Maria Child's _Life of Isaac T. Hopper_ has preserved to us

the record of one of the pioneers of the underground movement, while

the biographies of _Gerrit Smith_ and _James and Lucretia Mott_,

show these persons to have been worthy successors of the benign

and shrewd Hopper. In the biographies of John Brown by Redpath,

Hinton and Sanborn, and in the _Life of Harriet Beecher Stowe_, by

her son, Charles E. Stowe, we have proofs of the deep and enduring

impression made by underground experiences upon strong characters

capable of assimilating and transforming these into forces of

historical moment. Chase, Seward and Sumner were among our public

men who acted as counsel for fugitive slaves; it is not surprising

therefore that their biographers have given considerable space to

the consideration of cases with which these men were connected. The

prominence of the statesmen just named and others of their class

as party leaders makes their biographies indispensable in tracing

the political history of the ante-bellum period. Claiborne's _Life

and Correspondence of John A. Quitman_ may properly be named as

an excellent and valuable example of the class of biographies of

prominent men of the South.

A few obituary pamphlets have been gathered, which have proved to

be of some service: such are A. L. Benedict's _Memoir of Richard

Dillingham_, and pamphlets relating to Mr. John Hossack, of Ottawa,

Illinois, and Mr. James M. Westwater, of Columbus, Ohio.

6. SLAVE BIOGRAPHIES AND AUTOBIOGRAPHIES

A recital of the life and sufferings of many colored refugees

in books written by themselves or by sympathetic friends, and

published in various free states during the two or three decades

preceding 1860, tended to increase the Northern feeling against

slavery and doubtless also to carry to many minds convictions that

found a partial expression in underground efforts. These books

contain descriptions of slave life on the plantation and tell with

the omission of particulars, which it would have been imprudent

at the time to relate, the story of the escape to liberty. The

omission of these particulars renders these sources of little use

in tracing the secret routes to Canada followed by the refugees, or

in confirming, in part or in whole, the routes of others. In the

case of Frederick Douglass, the gaps and omissions appearing in the

first autobiography are filled with much valuable information in the

second, written after slavery was abolished. The books by Josiah

Henson, the Rev. J. W. Loguen and Austin Steward are interesting as

the narratives of negroes of superior ability who spent a part at

least of their time after self-emancipation in Canada, and could

therefore write intelligently on the condition of their people

there.

7. MATERIALS RELATING TO SLAVERY AND FUGITIVE SLAVES IN CANADA

There is but little material in regard to slavery and fugitive

slaves in Canada. The question of slavery in the provinces is

clearly presented in a few pages of Vol. XXV of the _Magazine of

American History_, while the life of the colored refugees in Canada

during the period of immigration and settlement can only be seen in

anything like a sufficient light in Benjamin Drew's _North-Side View

of Slavery_, and Dr. S. G. Howe's _Refugees from Slavery in Canada

West_.

8. STATE, COUNTY AND LOCAL HISTORIES

Many contributions on the Underground Railroad appear in the

collections of historical, biographical and other materials that

make up a large number of our state, county and local histories

so-called. Accounts, which when taken by themselves are fragmentary

and therefore of little importance, have been brought to light by

searching through these histories; and not unnaturally, perhaps,

the largest number have been found in the county histories of Ohio.

Six or seven of these histories afford articles relating to the

Underground Railroad; and characteristic items and incidents have

been printed in both state and local histories besides. Illinois

comes next in the number of contributions preserved in its local

histories. The utmost diligence of the student in the library

alcoves devoted to Indiana, Iowa, Massachusetts, Michigan, New York,

Pennsylvania and Wisconsin, will result in the finding of from one

to three contributions only, as the case may be; while from the

shelves given to Maine, Vermont, New Hampshire and New Jersey, he is

not likely to secure anything to his purpose.

9. REPORTS OF SOCIETIES

The reports of anti-slavery societies, especially those of

Massachusetts and Pennsylvania, are rich in comments upon the

prosecutions in the South of abductors of slaves, and do not fail to

show the effect of the Fugitive Slave Law of 1850 upon the activity

of Underground Railroad lines. They also tell something of the

missionary work done among the refugees in Canada. In the last-named

respect they are secondary to the _Reports of the Anti-Slavery

Society of Canada_, _the Refugees' Home Society_, and the _Canada

Mission_.

Within the past ten years various societies of the historical type

have been instrumental, directly or indirectly, in the publication

of addresses bearing upon the violation of the Fugitive Slave laws.

A series of lectures before the Political Science Association of

the University of Michigan, several of which involve this theme,

were published in 1889 under the general title, _Constitutional

History of the United States as seen in the Development of American

Law_. A collection of letters and addresses commemorative of the

anti-slavery movement and some of its leaders was printed in 1893

in a book, called _Old Anti-Slavery Days_, by the Danvers (Mass.)

Historical Society. An address on "The Underground Railroad" by

ex-President James H. Fairchild, of Oberlin College, forms _Tract

No. 87_ in Vol. IV. of the publications of the Western Reserve

Historical Society. The best account of the Glover rescue case will

be found in a pamphlet by Mr. Vroman Mason on the _Fugitive Slave

Law in Wisconsin, with Reference to Nullification Sentiment_, issued

in 1895 by the State Historical Society of Wisconsin.

10. RECORDS OF TRIALS

The reader who acquaints himself even superficially with John Codman

Hurd's two volumes, entitled the _Law of Freedom and Bondage in

the United States_, can not fail to be impressed with the value of

legal reports for the study of the great contention over slavery.

Hurd's pages are full of descriptions and discussions of cases in

their judicial bearing, and his foot-notes are largely made up of

references to the published reports of trials.

In the series of these records of trials, one may trace the history

of legal opposition to the enforcement of the Fugitive Slave laws,

note the decision in the Prigg case, by which the efficiency of the

law of 1793 was destroyed, and the Southern demand for a new law

made imperative, mark the clash of state and federal jurisdictions,

and see the growth of the spirit of nullification in the North.

For these purposes, one should consult not only the records of

the Supreme Court and the lower courts, such as _Federal Cases_,

Howard's _Reports_, McLean's _Reports_, _Ohio State Reports_,

_Wisconsin Reports_, etc., but also the various law periodicals, for

example, the _American Law Register_, the _Legal Intelligencer_, and

the _Western Law Journal_. Some important cases have been published

in pamphlet form, while two at least are more minutely set forth in

books; a volume is devoted to the Oberlin-Wellington rescue case,

and several relate to the trial of Anthony Burns.

11. PERIODICALS AND NEWSPAPERS

In marked contrast with the legal reports and law periodicals,

little can be gleaned from the popular magazines of fugitive slave

days. The ethics of resistance to the laws for the recovery of

runaways is discussed in the _North American Review_ for July,

1850, and in the _Democratic Review_, Vol. V, 1851, and incidents

typical of the experience of the underground operator and his

confederates are recited in _Once a Week_ for June, 1862. Careful

and extended search has revealed nothing in the better known

periodicals published during the War and the two decades following.

Recently, however, abolitionists have become retrospective and

reminiscent, and the tales of their midnight adventures in

contravention of those laws of their country which they deemed

subversive of the "higher law" begin to appear in periodicals and

newspapers. For example, the first of a series of stories, which

are founded upon facts, was printed in the _Lake Shore and Home

Magazine_ for July, 1887, an article on the Underground Railroad

appeared in the _Magazine of Western History_ for March, 1887, and

a "symposium" of reminiscences was published in the _Firelands

Pioneer_ for July, 1888. Articles of a miscellaneous nature, in

which points of interest are brought out, have been appearing

in some of the monthly magazines within more recent years, for

instance, in the _Atlantic Monthly_, the _Century Magazine_, and the

_New England Magazine_.

Only vague and rare references to the Underground Railroad and its

workings are made in the newspapers of ante-bellum days, and these

are of little value. The _Liberator_ was fierce in its opposition

to the Fugitive Slave Laws, and contains many stories of fugitives,

but in this, as in less radical newspapers, the editor observed a

discreet silence concerning the secret efforts of his colaborers in

emancipating the bondman. It is necessary, therefore, to rely upon

the long delayed accounts contributed by operators now advanced in

years to the columns of the press. In 1885, interesting articles

were printed in the _Western Star_, of Indiana, and the _New

Lexington_ (Ohio) _Tribune_, and since then, especially since 1890,

many others have been published. These have been patiently gathered,

and form a part of the author's collections.

12. HISTORIES OF RELIGIOUS SOCIETIES

Materials relative to the attitude of various religious

denominations towards slavery are to be found in the histories of

the different church organizations, such as William Hodgson's _The

Society of Friends in the Nineteenth Century_, Dr. H. N. McTyeire's

_History of Methodism_, and Dr. R. E. Thompson's _History of the

Presbyterian Churches in the United States_.

Other works, for example A. C. Applegarth's _Quakers in

Pennsylvania_ and S. B. Weeks' _Southern Quakers and Slavery_,

which, while dealing with a single denomination, are not to be

regarded as denominational histories in any strict sense, contain

points of interest and value.

13. MATERIALS BEARING ON LEGISLATION

The study of our colonial legislation supplies ample proof that the

harboring of the hunted slave early became a source of annoyance

to slave-owners. Laws against this misdemeanor, with curious

penalties attached, are included in the collections of statutes

of various colonies, for example, in the _Laws and Ordinances of

New Netherlands_, the _Maryland Archives_ (Assembly Proceedings),

the _Acts of the Province of New York_, the _Province Laws of

Pennsylvania_, the _Laws of Virginia_, etc. These statutes have been

made accessible through their publication in series of volumes,

a good collection of which may be found in the State Library in

Boston. Among the most important editions are Leaming and Spicer's

collection for New Jersey, Hening's series of Virginia Statutes at

Large, Bacon's collection for Maryland, and Iredell's edition of

South Carolina Statutes.

The history of our national legislation respecting fugitive slaves

may be traced in outline in the _Journals of the Senate and House_.

For the voicing of the need of this legislation, which one would

naturally expect to find in the speeches of members from the

Southern states, one must turn to the _Annals of Congress_, covering

the period from 1789 to 1824, the _Congressional Debates_, for the

period from 1824 to 1837, and the _Congressional Globe_ from 1833

to 1864. The provisions of the Fugitive Slave laws one may find,

of course, in the _Statutes at Large_, and some of the effects of

the law of 1850 may be studied in a pamphlet entitled _The Fugitive

Slave Law and Its Victims_, compiled by Samuel May, Jr., and first

published in 1856. An enlarged edition of this pamphlet was issued

in 1861.

14. CONTEMPORANEOUS AND MODERN BOOKS ON SLAVERY

Under this heading are brought for convenience several different

classes of books on slavery. The first of these classes comprises

the three small volumes, published during the interval from 1816

to 1826, in which immediate emancipation was advocated by the Rev.

George Bourne, the Rev. James Duncan, and the Rev. John Rankin. Our

interest here in the teaching of these men arises primarily from the

circumstance that two of them, at least, are known to have done what

they could to advance the work of the Underground Railroad, while

all of them lived, at the time of the appearance of their books, on

or near the border line over which came the trembling fugitive in

search of freedom.

Another class is made up of volumes descriptive of slavery. Such

are Mrs. Frances A. Kemble's _Journal of a Residence on a Georgian

Plantation in 1836-1839_, Frederick Law Olmsted's _Cotton Kingdom_,

G. M. Weston's _Progress of Slavery in the United States_, and

a book that has but recently come from the press, Edward Ingle's

_Southern Sidelights_.

In a third class must be grouped such recent monographs as Mrs.

Marion G. McDougall's _Fugitive Slaves_, and Miss Mary Tremaine's

_Slavery in the District of Columbia_. The former has been found to

be especially serviceable, not only because of its subject matter,

but also because of its numerous and accurate references and its

long list of notable fugitive slave cases.

15. SECONDARY WORKS

One will seek in vain in the secondary works for an adequate account

of the Underground Railroad, or a proper estimate of its importance,

whether one looks in the general histories of the United States,

such as the works of Von Holst, Schouler, and Rhodes, the more

condensed books of which we have an example in Prof. J. W. Burgess's

_The Middle Period_, or the histories of slavery, like Wilson's

_Rise and Fall of the Slave Power in America_, Greeley's _American

Conflict_, Williams' _History of the Negro Race_, and Willey's

_History of the Anti-Slavery Cause in State and Nation_. These works

are important for their discussions from different points of view of

the political forces and constitutional questions involved in the

struggle for emancipation, and in general they present descriptions

of the famous contested fugitive slave cases and cases of rescue,

but they have failed, on account of the small amount of evidence

hitherto available, to arrive at a proper view of the political

significance of the underground system.

16. LIBRARIES

While the great mass of evidence that has made this volume possible

was collected by field work, the author did not neglect to search

libraries, both public and private, in the prosecution of his

undertaking. He was able to make use of the public libraries of

Cincinnati, besides the private library of Major E. C. Dawes of that

city, the state library, and the library of Ohio State University at

Columbus, the library of C. M. Burton, Esq., of Detroit, Michigan,

and during two years' residence in Cambridge, Massachusetts, he was

able to avail himself of the splendid collections of anti-slavery

books and pamphlets to be found in the Boston Public Library and

the library of Harvard University. The materials for the chapter

on "Prosecutions of Underground Railroad Men" were gathered in the

Harvard Law Library.

PRINTED COLLECTIONS OF UNDERGROUND RAILROAD INCIDENTS

LEVI COFFIN. Reminiscences of Levi Coffin, the Reputed President

of the Underground Railroad; being a Brief History of the Labors

of a Lifetime in Behalf of the Slave, with the Stories of Numerous

Fugitives, who gained their Freedom through his Instrumentality; and

Many Other Incidents. Second Edition. Cincinnati, 1880.

ASCOTT R. HOPE (a _nom de plume_ for Robert Hope Moncrieff). Heroes

in Homespun, 1894.

H. U. JOHNSON. From Dixie to Canada. Romances and Realities of

the Underground Railroad. (Reprinted from the Lake Shore and Home

Magazine.) Vol. I. Orwell, Ohio, 1894.

REV. W. M. MITCHELL. The Underground Railroad. London, 1860.

EBER M. PETTIT. Sketches in the History of the Underground Railroad;

comprising Many Thrilling Incidents of the Escape of Fugitives from

Slavery, and the Perils of those who aided them. Fredonia, N. Y.,

1879.

R. C. SMEDLEY. History of the Underground Railroad in Chester and

the Neighboring Counties of Pennsylvania. Lancaster, Pa., 1883.

WILLIAM STILL. Underground Railroad Records. Revised Edition. With

a Life of the Author. Narrating the Hardships, Hairbreadth Escapes,

and Death Struggles of the Slaves in their Efforts for Freedom.

Together with Sketches of Some of the Eminent Friends of Freedom,

and Most Liberal Aiders and Advisers of the Road. Hartford, Conn.,

1886.

PERSONAL RECOLLECTIONS

AUSTIN BEARSE. Remembrances of Fugitive Slave Days in Boston.

Boston, 1880. (Pamphlet.)

HENRY THOMAS BUTTERWORTH. Reminiscences and Memories of Henry Thomas

Butterworth and Nancy Irwin Wales, His Wife, with Some Account of

their Golden Wedding. Nov. 3, 1880. Lebanon, Ohio, 1886. (Pamphlet.)

ELIZABETH BUFFUM CHACE. Anti-Slavery Reminiscences. Central Falls.,

R.I., 1891. (Pamphlet.)

JAMES FREEMAN CLARKE. Anti-Slavery Days. A Sketch of the Struggle

which ended in the Abolition of Slavery in the United States. New

York, 1883.

DANIEL DRAYTON. Personal Memoirs, etc., including a Narrative of

the Voyage and Capture of the Schooner _Pearl_. Published by the

American and Foreign Anti-Slavery Society. Boston and New York,

1855.

THE REV. CALVIN FAIRBANK. During Slavery Times. How he "Fought

the Good Fight" to Prepare "the Way." Edited from his Manuscript.

Chicago, 1890.

JOSIAH BUSHNELL GRINNELL. Men and Events of Forty Years.

Autobiographical Reminiscences of an Active Career from 1850 to

1890. Boston, 1891.

LAURA S. HAVILAND. A Woman's Life-work: Labors and Experiences of

Laura S. Haviland. Fourth Edition. Chicago, 1889.

SAMUEL J. MAY. Some Recollections of our Anti-Slavery Conflict.

Boston, 1869.

JOSEPH MORRIS. Reminiscences. Richland Township, Marion Co., Ohio.

Date unknown.

A. G. RIDDLE. Recollections of War Times. New York, 1873.

GEORGE W. JULIAN. Political Recollections. 1840-1872. Chicago, 1884.

DR. ALEXANDER MILTON ROSS. Recollections and Experiences of an

Abolitionist. Second Edition. Toronto, 1876.

BIOGRAPHIES AND MEMOIRS

CHARLES FRANCIS ADAMS. Richard Henry Dana. A Biography. 2 Vols. Vol.

I. Boston, 1890.

GEORGE E. BAKER, Editor. The Life of William H. Seward, with

Selections from his Works. 3 Vols. New York, 1853, 1861, 1864.

A. L. BENEDICT. Memoir of Richard Dillingham. Philadelphia, 1852.

(Pamphlet.)

WILLIAM BIRNEY. James G. Birney and his Times. The Genesis of the

Republican Party, with Some Account of Abolition Movements in the

South before 1828. New York, 1890.

JOHN HOWARD BRYANT. Life and Poems. 1894.

LYDIA MARIA CHILD. Isaac T. Hopper: A True Life. Twelfth Thousand.

Boston, 1854.

J. F. H. CLAIBORNE. Life and Correspondence of John A. Quitman. 2

Vols. New York, 1860.

W. G. DESHLER and Others. Memorial on the Death of James M.

Westwater. Published by the Board of Trade, Columbus, Ohio, 1894.

(Pamphlet.)

O. B. FROTHINGHAM. Life of Gerrit Smith. New York, 1878.

WENDELL PHILLIPS GARRISON and FRANCIS JACKSON GARRISON. William

Lloyd Garrison, 1805-1879: The Story of his Life, told by his

Children. 4 Vols. 8vo. New York, 1885.

MRS. ANNA D. HALLOWELL. James and Lucretia Mott. Life and Letters.

Boston, 1884.

REV. D. HEAGLE. The Great Anti-Slavery Agitator, Hon. Owen Lovejoy

as a Gospel Minister, with a Collection of his Sayings in Congress.

Princeton, Ill., 1886. (Pamphlet.)

RICHARD J. HINTON. John Brown and his Men, with Some Account of the

Roads they traveled to reach Harper's Ferry. New York, 1894.

In Memoriam. John Hossack. Deceased Nov. 8, 1891. (Reprinted from

the Republican Times,) Ottawa, Ill., 1892. (Pamphlet.)

OLIVER JOHNSON. William Lloyd Garrison and his Times. Boston, 1880.

GEORGE W. JULIAN. Life of Joshua R. Giddings. Chicago, 1892.

Memoir of Jervis Langdon, Elmira, N.Y. (Pamphlet.)

J. C. LEGGETT. Oration. Ceremonies attendant upon the Unveiling of

a Bronze Bust and Granite Monument of Rev. John Rankin. (Ripley,

Ohio), 1892. (Pamphlet.)

THOMAS J. MUMFORD, Editor. Memoir of S. J. May. Boston, 1873.

JOHN G. NICOLAY and JOHN HAY. Abraham Lincoln. A History. Vol. III.

New York, 1890.

C. C. OLIN. A Complete Record of the John Olin Family. Indianapolis,

1893.

MRS. L. D. PARKER. Scrap-book containing Newspaper Clippings, etc.,

relating to Theodore Parker and Others. Boston Public Library.

THEODORE PARKER. Scrap-book collection, with Hand-bills and his own

Manuscript relating to Anthony Burns. Boston Public Library.

E. L. PIERCE. Memoir and Letters of Charles Sumner. 4 Vols. Vols.

III and IV. Boston, 1877-1893.

FLORENCE and H. CORDELIA RAY. Sketch of the Life of Rev. Charles B.

Ray. New York, 1887. (?)

JAMES REDPATH. The Public Life of Captain John Brown, with an

Autobiography of his Childhood and Youth. Boston, 1860.

F. B. SANBORN. The Life and Letters of John Brown, Liberator of

Kansas, and Martyr of Virginia. Boston, 1885.

---- ----. Dr. S. G. Howe, The Philanthropist. New York, 1891.

J. W. SCHUCKERS. The Life and Public Services of Salmon Portland

Chase, United States Senator, and Governor of Ohio; Secretary of the

Treasury, and Chief Justice of the United States. New York, 1874.

F. W. SEWARD. Seward at Washington, as Senator and Secretary of

State. 2 Vols. New York, 1891.

C. E. STOWE. Life of Harriet Beecher Stowe: compiled from her

Letters and Journals. Boston, 1889.

MISS C. C. THAYER. Two Scrap-books relating to Theodore Parker.

Boston Public Library.

ROBERT B. WARDEN. An Account of the Private Life and Public Services

of Samuel Portland Chase. Cincinnati, 1874.

JOHN WEISS. Life and Correspondence of Theodore Parker. 2 Vols. New

York, 1864.

SLAVE BIOGRAPHIES AND AUTOBIOGRAPHIES

W. I. BOWDITCH. The Rendition of Anthony Burns. Boston, 1850.

SARAH H. BRADFORD. Harriet, The Moses of Her People. New York, 1886.

Boston Slave Riot and Trial of Anthony Burns. Boston, 1854.

WILLIAM W. BROWN. Narrative of William W. Brown. A Fugitive Slave.

Second Edition. Boston, 1848.

FREDERICK DOUGLASS. My Bondage and My Freedom. Part I.--Life as a

Slave. Part II.--Life as a Freeman. With an Introduction by Dr.

James M'Cune Smith. New York and Auburn, 1855.

---- ----. Life and Times of Frederick Douglass, Written by himself.

His Early Life as a Slave, His Escape from Bondage, and His Complete

History to the Present Time. With an Introduction by Mr. George L.

Ruffin, of Boston. Hartford, Conn., 1881.

JOSIAH HENSON. Life of Josiah Henson, formerly a Slave, now an

Inhabitant of Canada, as narrated by himself. Preface by T. Binney.

Boston, 1849.

---- ----. Story of His Own Life with an Introduction by Mrs. H. B.

Stowe. Boston, 1858.

REV. J. W. LOGUEN. As a Slave and as a Freeman. Syracuse, N.Y., 1859.

MRS. K. E. R. PICKARD. The Kidnapped and Ransomed. Personal

Reflections of Peter Still and his Wife Vina after Forty Years of

Slavery. Syracuse, N.Y., 1856.

CHARLES STEARNS. Narrative of Henry Box Brown, who escaped from

Slavery enclosed in a Box 3 feet long and 2 wide, written from a

Statement of Facts made by Himself. 1849.

CHARLES EMERY STEVENS. Anthony Burns. A History. Boston. 1856.

AUSTIN STEWARD. Twenty-two Years a Slave, and Forty Years a Freeman;

Embracing a Correspondence of Several Years, While President of

Wilberforce Colony, London, Canada West. Rochester, N.Y., 1857.

MATERIALS RELATING TO SLAVERY AND FUGITIVE SLAVES IN CANADA

GEORGE BRYCE. Short History of the Canadian People. London, 1887.

JOHN CHARLES DENT. The Last Forty Years, Canada Since the Union of

1841. Vol. I, 1881.

BENJAMIN DREW. A North-Side View of Slavery: The Refugee, or the

Narratives of Fugitive Slaves in Canada related by Themselves, with

an Account of the History and Conditions of the Colored Population

of Upper Canada. Boston, 1856.

J. C. HAMILTON. Slavery in Canada. Magazine of American History,

Vol. XXV.

SAMUEL G. HOWE. The Refugees from Slavery in Canada West. Report to

Freedman's Inquiry Committee. Boston, 1864.

JOHN M. MCMULLEN. History of Canada. 2 Vols. Vol. II, 1892.

STATE, COUNTY, AND LOCAL HISTORIES

Illinois.

A. T. ANDREAS. History of Chicago from the Earliest Period to the

Present Time. Chicago, 1884.

S. J. CLARKE. History of McDonough County, Ill. Springfield, Ill.,

1878.

History of Knox County, Ill.; with Record of its Volunteers in the

late War, Portraits, Biographical Sketches, History of Illinois,

etc. Chicago, 1878.

EDWARD G. MASON. Early Chicago and Illinois. Chicago, 1890.

GEORGE H. WOODRUFF. Forty Years Ago. A Contribution to the Early

History of Joliet, and Will County, Ill. 1874.

---- ----. History of Will County, Ill. 1878.

Indiana.

History of Henry County, Ind.

History of Wayne County, Ind., from its First Settlement to the

Present Time; with numerous Biographical and Family Sketches.

Cincinnati, 1872.

Iowa.

L. P. ALLEN and Others. The History of Clinton County, Iowa,

containing a History of the County, its Cities, Towns, etc. Chicago,

1879.

Massachusetts.

LEONARD BOLLES ELLIS. History of New Bedford and its Vicinity,

1602-1892. Syracuse, N.Y., 1892.

MASON A. GREEN. Springfield, (Mass.) 1836-1886. History of Town and

City, including an Account of the Quarter-Millennial Celebration.

Issued by the Authority and Direction of the City. Springfield, 1888.

JOSEPH MARSH. Article on "The Underground Railway," in the History

of Florence, Mass.

Michigan.

SILAS FARMER. Article on "Slavery and the Colored Race," in the

History of Detroit and Michigan. Detroit, 1884.

E. G. RUST. Calhoun County (Mich.) Business Directory. For

1869-1870. Together with a History of the County. Battle Creek,

Mich., 1869.

New York.

GEORGE ROGERS HOWELL and JONATHAN TENNY, Editors, assisted by Local

Writers. Bi-Centennial History of Albany, N.Y., with Portraits and

Biographies and Illustrations. New York, 1886.

BENSON JOHN LOSSING. The Empire State. A Compendious History of the

Commonwealth of New York. Hartford, Conn., 1888.

ANDREW W. YOUNG. History of the Town of Warsaw, New York. Buffalo,

1869.

Ohio.

History of Ashtabula County, Ohio; with Illustrations and

Biographical Sketches of its Pioneers and Most Prominent Men.

Philadelphia, Williams Bros., 1878. Article on the Underground

Railroad contributed by S. D. Peet.

ALEXANDER BLACK. The Story of Ohio. Boston, 1888.

REV. HENRY BUSHNELL. The History of Granville, Licking Co., Ohio.

Columbus, 1889.

JAMES H. FAIRCHILD. Oberlin--The Colony and the College. Oberlin,

Ohio, 1883.

History of Franklin and Pickaway Counties, Ohio.

History of Geauga and Lake Counties, Ohio, with Illustrations and

Biographical Sketches of its Pioneers and Most Prominent Men.

Philadelphia, Williams Bros., 1878.

HENRY HOWE. Historical Collections of Ohio. 3 Vols. Columbus, 1891.

RUFUS KING. Ohio, First Fruits of the Ordinance of 1787. Boston and

New York, 1888.

ALFRED E. LEE. History of the City of Columbus. New York and

Chicago, 1892. Chapter XXXI, by Leander J. Critchfield, on "Bench

and Bar."

W. H. MCINTOSH and Others. The History of Darke County, Ohio:

containing a History of the County; its Cities, Towns, etc. Chicago,

1880.

WILLIAM T. MARTIN. History of Franklin County. Columbus, Ohio, 1858.

History of Medina County, Ohio.

J. R. SHIPHERD. History of the Oberlin-Wellington Rescue, with an

Introduction by Prof. Henry C. Peck and Hon. Ralph Plum. Boston,

1859.

JACOB H. STUDER. Columbus, Ohio; Its History, Resources, and

Progress. Columbus, 1873.

History of Summit County, Ohio.

History of Washington County, Ohio, with Illustrations and

Biographical Sketches. H. Z. Williams and Bros., Publishers.

Cleveland, Ohio, 1881.

Pennsylvania.

J. SMITH FUTHEY and GILBERT COPE. History of Chester County, Pa.,

with Genealogical and Biographical Sketches. Philadelphia, 1881.

Wisconsin.

C. W. BUTTERFIELD and Others. History of Waukesha County, Wis.;

preceded by a History of Wisconsin. Chicago, 1880.

R. G. THWAITES. The Story of Wisconsin. Boston, 1891.

PERIODICALS

F. BOWEN. Extradition of Fugitive Slaves. North American Review,

Vol. LXXI, July, 1850.

S. E. B. Fugitive Slaves in Ohio. Once a Week, Vol. VI, June 14,

1862.

RICHARD BURTON. The Author of Uncle Tom's Cabin. Century Magazine,

1896.

THOMAS E. CHAMPION. The Underground Railroad and One of its

Operators. The Canadian Magazine of Politics, Science, Art and

Literature, May, 1895.

GEORGE WILLIS COOKE. Article on Harriet Beecher Stowe. New England

Magazine, September, 1896.

Fugitive Slave Law; Shall it be Enforced? The Democratic Review,

Vol. V, 1851.

ARCHIBALD H. GRIMKE. Anti-Slavery Boston. New England Magazine,

December, 1890.

THOMAS WENTWORTH HIGGINSON. Cheerful Yesterdays. Atlantic Monthly,

March, 1897.

G. W. E. HILL. Underground Railroad Adventures. The Midland Monthly

Magazine, Des Moines, Iowa, 1895.

JOHN HUTCHINS. The Underground Railroad. Magazine of Western

History, Cleveland, Ohio, March, 1887.

H. U. JOHNSON. Romances and Realities of the Underground Railroad.

Lake Shore and Home Magazine, July, 1885 to May, 1888.

LIDA ROSE MCCABE. The Oberlin-Wellington Rescue. Godey's Magazine,

October, 1896.

H. F. PADEN. Underground Railroad Reminiscences. Firelands Pioneer,

Norwalk, Ohio, July, 1888.

WILBUR H. SIEBERT. The Underground Railroad for the Liberation

of Fugitive Slaves. Annual Report of the American Historical

Association for 1895.

---- ----. Light on the Underground Railroad, with Map. American

Historical Review, April, 1896.

RUSH R. SLOANE. The Underground Railroad of the Firelands. Firelands

Pioneer, July, 1888.

G. T. STEWART. The Ohio Fugitive Slave Law. Firelands Pioneer, July,

1888.

NINA MOORE TIFFANY. Stories of the Fugitive Slaves. New England

Magazine, (William and Ellen Craft) January, 1890; (Shadrach) May,

1890; (Sims) June, 1890; (Anthony Burns) July, 1890.

CHARLES DUDLEY WARNER. The Story of Uncle Tom's Cabin. Atlantic

Monthly, September, 1896.

LILLIE B. C. WYMAN. Black and White [Margaret Garner]. New England

Magazine, N. S., Vol. V; Harriet Tubman. _Ibid._, March, 1896.

CAPTAIN C. WOODRUFF. Some Experiences in Abolition Times. Firelands

Pioneer, July, 1888.

NEWSPAPERS

Andover Old and New. Boston _Evening Transcript_, May 16, 1896.

PHILIP ATKINSON. Anecdotes of Owen Lovejoy. New York _Weekly

Witness_, Oct. 2, 1895.

AARON BENEDICT. The Underground Railroad. _Sentinel_, Mt. Gilead,

Ohio, July 13, 20, 27, Aug. 3, 10, 1893.

ROBERT W. CARROLL. An Underground Railway. Cincinnati _Times-Star_,

Aug. 19, 1890.

The Cleveland Fugitive Slave Case. Cleveland _Herald_, 1861.

NATHAN COGGESHALL. Reminiscences of the "Underground R. R."

_Leader_, Marion, Ind., Feb. 15, 1896.

JUDGE JOSEPH COX. Early Cincinnati. Cincinnati _Times-Star_, Feb. 6,

1891.

MARY E. CROCKER. The Fugitive Slave Law and its Workings. Fitchburg

(Mass.) _Daily Sentinel_, Oct. 31, 1893.

E. C. DAWES. Some Local History. Marietta (Ohio) _Tri-Weekly

Register_, Aug. 30, 1890.

TERESA DEAN. White City Chips. _Daily Inter-Ocean_, Chicago, 1893.

J. M. DONNOHUE. The Underground Railroad. _Banner Times_,

Greencastle (Ind.), Dec. 16, 1895.

Exploits of Calvin Fairbank. _Illustrated Buffalo Express_, Jan. 29,

1893.

Fight for Freedom. _Pittsburgh Dispatch_, Feb. 13, 1898.

MRS. J. M. FITCH. The Rescue of a Slave [Oberlin-Wellington Rescue

Case]. New York _Sun_, April 7, 1895.

W. B. FYFFE. A History of Anti-Slavery Days and Afterwards. Pontiac

(Ill.) _Sentinel_, 1890-1891.

WILLIAM LLOYD GARRISON. _The Liberator_.

MARIANNA GIBBONS. In Slavery Days. Lewiston _Gazette_, reprinted in

Bedford (Pa.) _Enquirer_. Date unknown.

Glorious Old Thief [Calvin Fairbank]. Chicago _Tribune_, Jan. 29,

1893.

THOMAS L. GRAY. Underground Railroad. New Lexington (Ohio)

_Tribune_, October, 1885, February 1886.

JOSIAH HARTZELL. And Milly and Martha were Free; a True Story of the

Underground Railway of Later Slavery Days. Cleveland _Leader_, Feb.

16, 1896.

Helped Many Slaves; William Cratty talks of Underground Railroad

Days. Chicago _Evening Post_, July 18, 1893.

E. HUFTELEN. Local History; The Underground Railroad of Forty Years

Ago. _Spirit of the Times_, Batavia, Genesee County, N.Y., Feb. 8,

1896.

---- ----. The Underground Railroad. Some of its Early History, by

a Le Roy Man. (Same as the preceding article.) Le Roy _Gazette_,

Genesee County, N.Y., Feb. 26, 1896.

M. E. H. A Reminiscence of Slave Times. Miami (Ohio) _Union_, April

10, 1895.

WILLIAM T. KELLEY. Underground R. R. Reminiscences. _Friends'

Intelligencer and Journal_, Fourth Month 2, 9, Fifth Month 28, 1898.

JOHN KENNEDY. Local History. Batavia _Times_, Genesee County, N.Y.,

Feb. 15, 1896.

GEORGE S. MCDOWELL. Uncle Tom's Cabin; Originals of Some of the

Characters in the Great Book. Cincinnati _Commercial Gazette_. Date

unknown.

DR. EDWARD H. MAGILL. When Men Were Sold; the Underground Railroad

in Bucks County. _The Bucks County_ (Pa.) _Intelligencer_, Feb. 3,

1898. The same in _Friends' Intelligencer and Journal_, Second Month

19, 26, Third Month 5, 12, 1898.

---- ----. Underground Railroad Additions. _Friends' Intelligencer

and Journal_, Fourth Month 16, 1898.

CHARLES MERRICK. Reminiscences of the Jerry Rescue. _Northern

Christian Advocate_, Nov. 15, 1893.

J. B. NAYLOR. A Spike From the Underground Railway. Ohio _Farmer_,

Aug. 1, 8, 1895. Signed, S. Q. Lapius.

DAVID NEWPORT. Fugitive Slaves. _Friends' Intelligencer and

Journal_, Sixth Month 11, 1898.

MRS. J. F. NICHOLSON. Memoirs of Long Ago. _Western Star_ (Ind.),

Dec. 10, 1885.

An Old House with a Wonderful History. Marysville (Ohio), _Tribune_,

May 17, 1893.

DOUGLAS P. PUTNAM. A Station on the Old Underground Railroad.

Marietta (Ohio) _Register_, Oct. 25, 1894.

Recollections of the "Underground Railroad" of Antebellum Days.

Felicity (Ohio) _Times_, July 6, 1893.

Reminiscences of Slavery. Marietta (Ohio) _Daily Register_, Jan. 12,

1895.

CARLTON RICE. Reminiscent. _Oneida_, Madison County, N.Y., May 16,

20, 23, 1896.

L. L. RICE. Lewis and Milton Clark. Geneva (Ohio) _Times_, Sept. 14,

1892.

A. M. ROSS. A Democratic Abolitionist. Somerset (Pa.) _Standard_,

Jan. 31, 1896.

The Semi-Centennial of the First Church. Galesburg (Ill.)

_Republican Register_, March 5, 1887.

JOHN SHEARER. Old Uncle Joe Mayo. Marysville (Ohio) _Tribune_, April

27, 1881.

Sketches of the Life of Carver Tomlinson; assisted in the Great

"Underground Railroad." _Lostant Reporter_ (La Salle Co., Ill.),

Aug. 10, 1896.

Slavery Days Recalled. Detroit _Free Press_, Jan. 24, 1893.

In Slavery Days. New Castle (Ind.) _Daily News_, March 5, 1897.

Slave Raid. Story of the _Pearl_ Expedition. Interesting Episode

of Antebellum Days. The Failure of the Affair. Some Very Exciting

Scenes. From the Washington Post, reprinted in the Cincinnati

_Enquirer_, Sept. 14, 1895.

GILES B. STEBBINS. Thomas Garrett. Detroit _Post_, 1871.

Stories of Runaway Slaves. Detroit _Sunday News-Tribune_, Aug. 12,

1894.

Stories of Runaway Slaves. From Detroit _Sunday News-Tribune_,

reprinted in Louisville (Ky.) _Sunday Morning Journal_, Aug. 12,

1894.

Story of Calvin Fairbank. Cincinnati _Commercial Gazette_, March 18,

1893.

JAMES STOUT. A Bit of History; the Rescue of the Slave, Jim Gray, in

1859. Pontiac _Sentinel_, Livingston Co., Ill, 1890.

REV. JOHN TODD. Reminiscences of the Early Settlement and Growth of

Western Iowa. Tabor (Iowa) _Beacon_, 1890-1891.

E. HICKS TRUEBLOOD. Reminiscences of the Underground Railroad.

_Republican Leader_, Salem, Ind., Nov. 17, Dec. 1, 1893, Jan. 26,

Feb. 2, 23, March 2, 16, 23, April 6, 27, 1894.

JOHN W. TUTTLE and F. P. AMES. Reminiscences of Slavery. Marietta

(Ohio) _Register_, 1893-1894. Four articles.

Two Good Men. Sketch of the Lives of John B. Tolman and S. Silsbee;

Reminiscences of the Underground Railroad. Lynn (Mass.) _Daily

Evening Item_, Dec. 19. Year unknown.

The Underground Railroad. Chicago _Inter-Ocean Curiosity Shop_,

1881, 1884.

The Underground Railroad. From a History of Hancock County, dated

1880. _La Harper_, Hancock Co., Ill., April 3, 1896.

The Underground Railroad. Ohio _State Journal_, Nov. 14, 1894.

James M. Westwater, Pioneer Merchant and Friend of the Oppressed.

Columbus (Ohio) _Dispatch_, Feb. 21, 1894.

Where Harriet Beecher Stowe witnessed the Scenes depicted in her

Uncle Tom's Cabin. Cincinnati _Enquirer_ (Supplement), Nov. 3, 1895.

RUFUS R. WILSON. Exploits of Calvin Fairbank. _Illustrated Buffalo

Express_, Jan. 29, 1893.

Joel Wood. Noticed in the Martin's Ferry (Ohio) _Evening Times_, May

2, 1892.

MATERIALS BEARING ON LEGISLATION

Acts and Laws of His Majestie's Colony of Connecticut, 239 (1730?).

Maryland Archives, Assembly Proceedings, 147, May, 1666.

Charters and Laws of the Colony and Province of Massachusetts Bay,

750, October, 1718.

New Jersey Laws, 82, May 30, 1668.

Laws and Ordinances of New Netherlands, 32, Aug. 7, 1640; 32, April

13, 1642; 104, Oct. 6, 1648.

Laws of New Netherlands, 344, April 9, 1658.

Acts of Province of New York from 1691 to 1718; 58, 1702.

Acts of Province of New York, 77, 1705; 218, 1715.

Laws of North Carolina, 89, 1741; 371, 1779.

Province Laws of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 1725; Province Laws of

Pennsylvania, 325 (1726?).

Plymouth Colony Records, IX, 5, Aug. 29, 1643. (Fugitive Slave

Clause of the Articles of Confederation.)

Records of Colony of Rhode Island, 177, Oct. 27, 1714.

Hening, Laws of Virginia, I, 401, March, 1655-1656; II, 239,

October, 1666; II, October, 1705; IV, 168, May, 1726.

Annals of Congress, 1789-1824.

THOMAS HART BENTON. Abridgment of the Debates of Congress from 1789

to 1856. 16 Vols. Washington, 1857-1861.

Congressional Debates, 1824-1837.

Congressional Globe, 1833-(1873).

Journals (House and Senate).

SAMUEL MAY, JR. The Fugitive Slave Law and Its Victims. New York,

1856. Enlarged Edition, N.Y., 1861.

J. H. MERRIAM. Legislative History of the Ordinance of 1787.

Worcester, 1888.

Niles' Weekly Register, September, 1828, to March, 1829. Vol. XXXV.

JOEL PARKER. Personal Liberty Laws, and Slavery in the Territories

(pamphlet). Boston, 1861.

Statutes at Large.

GEORGE M. STROUD. A Sketch of the Laws relating to Slavery in the

Several States of America. Second Edition with Alterations and

Considerable Additions. Philadelphia, 1856.

HENRY WILSON. History of the Antislavery Measures of the

Thirty-seventh and Thirty-eighth United States Congresses,

1861-1864. Boston, 1864.

CONTEMPORANEOUS AND MODERN BOOKS ON SLAVERY

REV. GEORGE BOURNE. The Book and Slavery Irreconcilable.

Philadelphia, 1816.--A summary of this book by Wm. Orland Bourne,

under the title "Anti-Slavery Leaders; the Pioneer Abolitionist."

_Boston Commonwealth_, July 25, 1885.

WILLIAM CHAMBERS. American Slavery and Colour. London, 1857.

EZRA B. CHASE. Teachings of Patriots and Statesmen, or the "Founders

of the Republic" on Slavery. Philadelphia, 1860.

JOHN NELSON DAVIDSON. Negro Slavery in Wisconsin. Address delivered

before the State Historical Society of Wisconsin, December, 1892.

REV. JAMES DUNCAN. A Treatise on Slavery, in which is shown forth

the Evil of Slaveholding, both from the Light of Nature and Divine

Revelation. Vevay, Ind., 1824.

WILLIAM GOODELL. Slavery and Anti-Slavery; a History of the Great

Struggle in Both Hemispheres; with a view of the Slavery Question in

the United States. New York, 1852.

EDWARD INGLE. Southern Sidelights; a Picture of Social and Economic

Life in the South a Generation before the War. New York, 1896.

FRANCIS ANNE KEMBLE. Journal of a Residence on a Georgian Plantation

in 1836-1839. New York, 1863.

MARION GLEASON MCDOUGALL. Fugitive Slaves (1619-1865). Fay House

Monographs, No. 3. Boston, 1891.

FREDERICK LAW OLMSTED. The Cotton Kingdom. 2 Vols. New York, 1861.

REV. JOHN RANKIN. Letters on American Slavery addressed to Mr.

Thomas Rankin, Merchant at Middlebrook, Augusta County, Virginia.

(First published in 1826.) Fifth edition. Boston, 1838.

J. B. ROBINSON. Pictures of Slavery and Anti-Slavery; Advantages of

Negro Slavery and the Benefits of Negro Freedom. Philadelphia, 1863.

HARRIET BEECHER STOWE. A Key to Uncle Tom's Cabin, presenting the

Original Facts and Documents upon which the Story is founded,

together with Corroborative Statements verifying the Truth of the

Work. Boston, 1853.

MARY TREMAIN. Slavery in the District of Columbia; the Policy of

Congress and the Struggle for Abolition. New York, 1892.

G. M. WESTON. Progress of Slavery in the United States. Washington,

D.C., 1858.

REPORTS OF SOCIETIES

Annual Reports presented to the Massachusetts Anti-Slavery Society

by its Board of Managers. See Reports 13, 15, 18, 19.

Annual Reports of the Pennsylvania Anti-Slavery Society.

DANVERS HISTORICAL SOCIETY. Old Anti-Slavery Days. Proceedings of

the Commemorative Meeting held by the Danvers Historical Society at

the Town Hall, Danvers, April 26, 1893; with Introduction, Letters,

and Sketches. Danvers, Mass., 1893.

JAMES H. FAIRCHILD. The Underground Railroad. Tract No. 87 in Vol.

IV. Western Reserve Historical Society. An Address delivered for the

Society in Association Hall, Cleveland, Ohio, Jan. 24, 1895.

First Annual Report presented to the Anti-Slavery Society of Canada

by its Executive Committee. Toronto, March 24, 1852.

VROMAN MASON. The Fugitive Slave Law in Wisconsin, with Reference to

the Nullification Sentiment. State Historical Society of Wisconsin,

1895.

REFUGEES' HOME SOCIETY. Report of Committee. Winsor, 1852.

HENRY WADE ROGERS, Editor. Constitutional History of the United

States as seen in the Development of American Law. Lectures before

the Political Science Association of the University of Michigan. New

York, 1889.

Seventh Annual Report of the Canada Mission. Rochester, N.Y.

HISTORIES OF RELIGIOUS SOCIETIES

A. C. APPLEGARTH, Ph.D. Quakers in Pennsylvania. Baltimore, 1892.

WILLIAM HODGSON. The Society of Friends in the Nineteenth Century; a

Historical View of the Successive Convulsions and Schisms during the

Period. Vol. II. Philadelphia, 1875.

HOLLAND N. MCTYEIRE, D.D. History of Methodism; with some Account

of the Doctrine and Polity of the Episcopal Methodism in the United

States down to 1884. Nashville, Tenn., 1887.

WILLIAM B. SPRAGUE, D.D. Annals of the American Pulpit.

PROFESSOR A. C. THOMAS. The Society of Friends. In Vol. XII of the

American Church History Series. 1894.

ROBERT E. THOMPSON, D.D. History of the Presbyterian Churches in the

United States. American Church History Series, New York, 1895.

STEPHEN B. WEEKS, Ph.D. Southern Quakers and Slavery; a Study in

Institutional History. Baltimore, 1896.

SECONDARY WORKS

JOHN W. BURGESS. The Middle Period, 1817-1858. New York, 1897.

JAMES FORD RHODES. History of the United States from the Compromise

of 1850. 3 Vols. New York, 1893.

JAMES SCHOULER. History of the United States under the Constitution.

Vols. III, IV, V. Washington, 1880. New York, 1880-1891.

H. E. VON HOLST. Constitutional and Political History of the United

States. Chicago, 1877-1892.

REV. AUSTIN WILLEY. The History of the Anti-Slavery Cause in State

and Nation. Portland, Maine, 1886.

GEORGE W. WILLIAMS. History of the Negro Race in America from 1619

to 1880. 2 Vols. New York, 1883.

HENRY WILSON. History of the Rise and Fall of the Slave Power in

America. 3 Vols. Boston, 1872-1877.

J. S. WALTON and M. G. BRUMBAUGH. Stories of Pennsylvania. New York,

1897.

WOODROW WILSON. Division and Reunion, 1829-1889. New York, 1893.

IMAGINATIVE WORKS

HARRIET BEECHER STOWE. Uncle Tom's Cabin.

J. M. C. SIMPSON. The Emancipation Car, being an Original

Composition of Anti-Slavery Ballads, composed exclusively for the

Underground Railroad. Janesville, Ohio, 1874.

CHARLES HUMPHREY ROBERTS. Down the Ohio (a work of fiction,

containing scenes from the Underground Railroad). Chicago, 1891.

JOHN GREENLEAF WHITTIER. Poetical Works (anti-slavery poems printed

in Vol. III of the Riverside edition). Boston, 1896.

APPENDIX E

DIRECTORY OF THE NAMES OF UNDERGROUND RAILROAD OPERATORS

ARRANGED ALPHABETICALLY BY STATES AND COUNTIES[989]

[989] The names of colored operators are marked with a +.

CONNECTICUT

_Fairfield_

Daskam, Benjamin Jas.

_Litchfield_

Blakeslee, Dea. Joel.

Bull, Wm.

Dunbar, Dea. Ferrand.

_Middlesex_

Reed, Dea. George.

_Windham_

Alexander, Prosper.

Brown, Benjamin.

Brown, John.

Conant, J. A.

Fox, Joel.

Griffin, Ebeneser.

Lewis, J. A.

Pearl, Phillips.

DELAWARE

_Queen Anne_

Hardcastle, Wm.

_Wilmington_

Flint, Isaac S.

Garrett, Thomas.

Hunn, John.

Walker, Joseph G.

Webb, Benjamin.

Webb, Thomas.

Webb, Wm.

ILLINOIS

_Adams_

Andrew, Lewis.

Baldwin, Eben.

Ballard, Dea.

Barnet, Berryman.

Bartholomew, Darwin.

Battell, Wm.

Benton, Erastus.

Brown, Dea.

Burns, Capt. John.

Burr.

Chapin, John.

Chittenden, Henry.

Clark, Nathan.

Eells, Dr. Richard.

Fowler. W. E.

Griffin, Ed.

Hammond, Julius.

Hart, Martin.

Hubbard, Jonathan.

Hunter, Andrew.

Hunter, George.

Kirby, Rev. Wm.

Mullen, Wm.

Nelson, Dr. David.

Platt, Dea. Josiah.

Platt, Enoch.

Platt, H. D.

Platt, I.

Reynard, John.

Reynolds, L. E.

Safford.

Sartle, Rasselas.

Stillman, Henry.

Stillman, Levi.

Stillman, S. O.

Thompson, George.

Turner, Edward.

Van Dorn, John K.

Van Dorn, Wm.

Weed, Dea. L. A.

Wickwire, James.

Wilcox, L. H.

Work, Alanson.

_Alexander_

Burroughs, George L.

_Bond_

Davis, Bloomfield.

Harnard, Rev.

Hunt, N. A.

Leeper, John.

McCord, David.

McCord, Robert.

McLain.

Rosber, Ed.

Rosebrough, James.

Wafer.

Wood, Charles.

_Bureau_

Bryant, Arthur.

Bryant, Cyrus.

Bryant, John Howard.

Clark, Daniel.

Clark, Seth C.

Collins.

Cook, Dea. Caleb.

Foster.

Frary, Roderick B.

Hall, George.

Hall, John.

Hart, Dr. Langley.

Holbrook, Dea. J. T.

Lovejoy, Owen G.

Mather, Benj.

Phelps, Charles.

Pilkerton, Wm.

Reeve, Dea.

Stannard.

Weldon, John.

Wells, Dea.

Wilson.

_Cook_

Blanchard, President.

Bliss.

Carpenter, Philo.

Collins, James H.

Crandall.

Dyer, Dr. C. V.

Eastman, Hon. Z.

Farnsworth, Col.

Johnson, J.

Kellogg, H. H.

Paine, Seth.

Phillips, W. I.

Pinkerton, Allen.

Stoddard, J. P.

Webster, Prof.

Weiblen, John G.

_Dupage_

Fowler, Dea.

_Fulton_

Birge, Luther.

Dobbins.

Field, H. H.

Lyman, Dea.

Marsh, Rev. M.

Miles, Freeman.

Thomas, A. B.

Wickwire.

Wilson, Eli.

_Hancock_

Adkins family.

Austin, Strong.

Burton, Dea.

Cook, L. A.

Cook, Marcus.

Maynard, Louis Calvin.

Wilcox, L. L.

_Henderson_

Thomson, John.

_Henry_

Allen, James M.

Allen, Wm. S.

Allen, Wm. T.

Bernard.

Buck, Dea.

Jones, Elder.

McFarlane.

Pomeroy, Dr.

Stewart, E. M.

Stewart, Roderick R.

Ward, Dea.

Wilcox.

_Jersey_

Carter, Ebenezer.

French, Josiah.

Garesche.

Henderson, Ben.

Snedeker.

White, Hiram.

Wolcott, Elihu.

_Kane_

Fitch, Ira H.

Johnson, Dea. Reuben.

Mighels, Ezekiel.

Pierce, Thomas.

Root, Dr.

Strong, Dea.

Wagner, John.

_Kendall_

Whitney, Dea. Isaac.

_Knox_

Blanchard.

Camp, C. F.

Child, E.

Cross, Rev. John.

Davis, George.

Hitchcock, Samuel.

Kimball, Solon.

Neeley.

Powell, Hod.

West, John.

West, Nehemiah.

_La Salle_

Brown.

Butler, Benj.

Campbell.

Carter, Wm.

+ Freeman.

Fyfe, George.

Gooding, Dr.

Hard, Dr. Chester.

Hart.

Hossack, H. L.

Hossack, John.

Kelsy, Levi.

King, Claudius B.

Lewis, Samuel R.

McLaughlin.

Stout, James.

Stout, Joseph.

Strawn, Hon. Wm.

_Lee_

Towne.

_Livingston_

Croswell, Dr. James.

Fyfe, W. B.

Hinman, Rev. H. H.

Richardson, Otis.

_McDonough_

Blazer, John.

_McHenry_

Russel.

_McLean_

Moss, Dea.

_Marshall_

Bell, John.

Ranney, Joel.

Stone.

_Mercer_

Carnahan, David.

Carnahan, John.

Carnahan, Wm. M.

Cowden, John.

Graham, J. C.

Higgins, Dr.

Hill, James.

Hoagland, Henry.

Markham, S. A.

Sample, John.

_Montgomery_

Bryce, Robert.

Merritt, W. W.

_Morgan_

Chamberlain, Timothy.

Jackson, Rev. Andrew W.

Miller, Henry M.

_Ogle_

Bogue, Virgil A.

Gammell, Rev. George.

Perkins, Dea. Timothy.

Shaver, Solomon.

Waterbury, Dea. John.

_Peoria_

Brown, Edwin R.

Huey, Virgil.

Pratts, Jonathan.

Webster, W. W.

Wright, S. G.

_Putnam_

Childs.

Lewis, Wm.

Willes, Stephen.

_Randolph_

Breath, Samuel.

Chambers, Mathew.

Crawford, Bryce.

Crawford, James.

Davis, I. B.

East, Henry.

Gault, Hugh C.

Harshaw, Rev.

Hayes, Wm.

Hill, Anthony.

Hood.

Lippincott, Charles.

McLain, Thomas.

McLurkins family.

Milligan, Rev. Jas.

Moore family.

Morrison, Daniel.

Ramsey, Robert.

Sloane, Rev. Wm.

Todd family.

Wafer, Thomas.

Wilson.

Wylie, Adam.

_Rock Island_

Delany, Robert.

_Sangamon_

Stevenson, James.

Webster.

Wyckoff.

_Stark_

Buswell, James.

Dunn, Agustus.

Hall, Dr. Thomas.

Hall, Wm.

Hodgson, Jonathan.

Rhodes, Hugh.

Rhodes, Joseph.

Stone, Liberty.

Winslow, Calvin.

Wright, Rev. S. W.

_Tazewell_

Dillon, Ellis.

Holland.

Holton.

Mathews.

Mickle.

Phillips.

Woodron, Samuel.

_Vermilion_

Harper.

_Washington_

Henry, John.

McClurken, John.

_Wayne_

Ambler.

_Whiteside_

Hamilton, Dea.

Millikin, Dea.

_Will_

Beach, Dea.

Cushing, Dea.

Denny, Allen.

Goodhue.

Haven, Samuel.

Stewart, Col. Peter

_Woodford_

Bayne, James G.

Drennan, Thomas.

Kern, George.

McCoy, John.

Morse, Joseph T.

Morse, Levi P.

Morse, Dea. Mark.

Morse, Parker, Jr.

Morse, Captain Parker.

Piper, James A.

Ranney, James.

Whitemire, Dr. James.

Work, James.

Work, Samuel.

_Miscellaneous_

Turner, Asa.

Lukins.

INDIANA

_Bartholomew_

Hall, John.

Newsom, Willis.

Parker.

Parks, Willis.

Thomas, John.

Wears.

_Bond_

Douglass, James.

Hill, Anthony.

McFarland, Robert.

McLain, John A.

Rosbrough, James.

Wafer, James.

_Boone_

Johns, Samuel.

_Carroll_

Montgomery, Robert.

_Cass_

Crain, J. E.

Faber, Dr. Ruel.

+ Hill, Jim.

Keep, Barton R.

Kreider, Wm. M.

Manly, W. T. S.

Patterson, Joseph.

Powell, Jeptha.

Powell, Josiah G.

Powell, Lemuel.

Powell, Lycurgus.

Powell, Wm.

Tomlinson, Thomas T.

Turner.

Vigus, Capt.

White, Batley.

_Dearborn_

Collier, John.

Collier, Ralph.

Hansell, John.

Smith, Thomas.

_Decatur_

Cady.

Capen.

Donnell, Luther.

Knapp, A. W.

Taylor.

_Delaware_

Swain.

_Elkhart_

Matchett, Dr.

_Gibson_

McCormack, Rev.

_Grant_

Baldwin, Charles.

Coggeshall, Nathan.

Hill, Aaron.

Jay, David.

Ratliff, John.

Shugart, John.

_Hendricks_

Harvey, Harlan.

Harvey, Dr. T. B.

Harvey, Dr. Wm. F.

Hobbs, Elisha.

_Henry_

Adamson, Isaac.

Bales, John.

Bond, Jonathan.

Burley, Charles.

Charuness, Wm., Jr.

Edgerton, Roger.

Hinshaw, Seth.

Iddings, Dr.

Jessup, Jesse.

Jessup, Tidaman.

Macy, Enoch.

Macy, Jonathan.

Macy, Lilburne.

Macy, Phebe.

Macy, Wm.

Saint, Alpheus.

Schooley, W. D.

Small, Mrs. Jane.

Wickersham, Caleb.

_Howard_

Jones, Daniel.

_Jackson_

Cox, Richard.

+ Parks, Willis.

_Jefferson_

Baxter, James.

Carr, John.

Eliott, Robert.

Hickland, Louis.

Stephens, Judge.

Stephenson, Rev. Robert.

Waggner, Isaac.

Wagner, Jacob.

_Jay_

Baird.

Brown family.

Gray, Thomas.

Haines family,

Hopkins family.

Ira, Jonah.

Lewis, Enos.

Mendenhall family.

Puxon, Joshua.

Williams family.

Wright family.

_Jennings_

Bland.

Deney, Aaron.

Deney, Thomas.

Hale, Jacob.

Hicklen, Felix.

Hicklen, James.

Hicklen, Dr. John.

Hicklen, Louis.

Hicklen, Thomas.

Marshall.

Stanley, Eli.

Stott, James.

Stott, Samuel.

_Kosciusko_

Gordon.

Harpers, Thomas.

Hurlburts, Chauncey.

_La Porte_

Dakin, Dr. George M.

Harper.

Williams, Rev. W. B.

_Montgomery_

Clarke, Samuel.

Doherty, Fisher.

Elmers.

Emmons.

Speed, John.

_Morgan_

Williams.

_Noble_

Waterhouse.

Whitford, Stutely.

_Parke_

Hadley, Alfred.

Stanley, W. P.

_Putnam_

Browder, Parker S.

Hillis, "Singing" Joe.

_Randolph_

Alexanders.

Bond, Amos.

Bond, John H.

Clayton, John.

Crane, Willis.

Diggs, Bury, Jr.

Jones, Daniel.

Moorman, John A.

Rinard, Solomon.

Smith, Samuel.

Wiggins, Lemuel.

Worth, A.

Wright, Solomon.

Zimri.

_Ripley_

Bland, James.

Cady, Dr. A. P.

Dautherd.

Holton, Francis.

Hughes, Henry.

Hulse, Walter.

King, Henry.

McDowell, Duncan.

McDowell, Washington.

Merrell, F. M.

Neil, Willett.

Passmore, George.

Passmore, Joseph H.

Queer, Ervin.

Smith, Hiram.

Van Cleave, John S.

Van Cleave, Jared.

Waddle, Henry.

Waggoner, James.

_Rush_

Cogeshall, Tristan.

Frazee, John H.

Gray, Jonathan H.

Henley, Henry.

Hill, Milton.

Jessop, Sidiman.

Macy, Henry.

Patterson, Robert.

Small, Zachareal.

Smawl, Abraham.

White, Elisha B.

_Steuben_

Barnard, Lewis.

Barry, Capt.

Butler, Henry P.

Butler, M. B.

Butler, Seymour S.

Clark, S. W.

Fox, Allen.

Fox, Denison.

Fox, J. A.

Gale, Judge.

Hendry.

Jackson, Samuel.

Kimball, Augustus.

McGowan, S.

Newton, Nelson.

Spear, Rev. E. R.

Waterhouse.

_Tippecanoe_

Falley, Lewis.

Hockett, Moses.

Hollingsworth, Benjamin.

Hollingsworth, John.

Robinson, John.

_Union_

Beard, Wm.

Casterline, Dr.

Elliott, J. P.

Gardner, Edwin.

Hayworth, Joel.

Huddleson, Wm.

Maxwell, John.

Smith, Gabriel.

_Vermilion_

Beard, Wm.

_Wabash_

Brace, Avery.

Hayward, Wm.

Place, Maurice.

_Washington_

Thompson, James L.

Trueblood, Wm. Penn.

The Underground Railroad from Slavery to Freedom: A comprehensive history · 第 17 / 20 章

1841. Prosecution for aiding fugitive slaves in western Illinois: