Chapter 47. An approved receite for the gowte.

With this Chapter he closes ‘the third booke of Husbandry.’

The fourth book has an introductory chapter, not in Fitzherbert,

subdivided into sections with the following headings. The office of

a Steward of a houshold. For prouiding of victuals. The Steward and

Garniter.[43] The Steward and Miller. The Steward and Baker. The

Pantry. The Butler. The Seller.[44] The Ewrie.[45] Of the Cooke.

Of the Scullery. Of the Vsher of the Hall. Of the Yeoman of the

Wardrop [Wardrobe]. The Slaughter-man. The Cater [caterer]. The

Clarke of the Kitchin.

After this, I. R. condescends to return to his original.

=141.= 36. _sherde_] breach (which is a gloss).

49. _tyne_] shut (a gloss). _traile_] tale (probably a misprint).

59. _put it_] blot them.

72. _loked uppon_] attended vnto.

=142.= This is a most singular section, since it presupposes that

a gentleman’s servant would be able to recognise the rhythm of an

English hexameter. As an early experiment in hexameters, it is very

curious. In the original, it is printed as _prose_, but each line

ends with a full stop, and the next begins with a capital letter.

I have therefore printed it as verse. It is, however, of a rather

rude character; _horne boget_ hardly comes up to our idea of a

dactyl, nor _and shoes_ to that of a spondee. For the reader’s

assistance, I may remark that the _dactyls_ are as follows: _Purse

dagger, -chef shoyng-, horne boget, -ter sadel-, hatte with thy,

Bowe arrowes, stringe and thy, Penne paper, -waxe pommes, bokes

thou re-, -ble nedle, leste that thy, -gel gyue thy, se he be, Make

mery, synge and thou, hede to thy, gere that thou_. The rest are

spondees.

I. R., not perceiving the law of rhythm, makes wild work of it. He

calls it “An excellent rude Lesson in rude ryme.” He divides the

lines rightly, and leaves the first three verses untouched. But the

rest assume the following fearful forms.

Penne, paper, incke, parchment, redde waxe, punisse (_sic_),

and bookes doe thou remember,

Penknife, combe, thymble, needle, thred, and poynt,

least that by chaunce thy garth breake.

Bodkin, knyfe, rubber, giue thy horse meate,

See he be shodde well, make merry, sing if thou can,

And take heede to thy needments, that thou loose none.

I think we may fairly put these down as being the worst verses

extant in the English language; though this is saying a good deal.

=143.= 7. The saying doubtless represents a rude couplet in verse.

The dative case _wyfe_ (governed by _of_) was formerly spelt

_wyue_, and rimed with _thryue_.

=144.= _Salomon_, Solomon. But where to find, in his writings, this

remarkable sentence, I do not know.

*** After this section I. R. inserts a quantity of additional

matter, which he tells us (at p. 174) is drawn from his ‘owne

experience in byrds and foules.’ The additional chapters treat

of choice of cocks, hens for brood, number of eggs to each hen,

chickens, diseases of poultry (especially of the pip), choice of

poultry, how to fat poultry, how to make capons, where to keep

poultry, how to choose, keep, and fatten geese, how to keep ducks,

peacocks, ‘ginny or turkie-cocks,’ pigeons, pheasants, turtles,

partridges, and swans; after which digression he returns to his

text. I may remark that he considers it essential that a hen should

sit upon _an odd number_ of eggs, say 19, and that matters should

be so arranged as to provide for the hatching of chickens ‘in the

increase of the Moone.’ The leaves of a bay-tree, ‘or els some

Bents or Grasse,’ will preserve eggs ‘from the hurt of thunder.’

Chickens ought not ‘to be breathed vpon by any Snake, Toade, or

other venomous thing’; if they are, you must quickly burn amongst

them some ‘_Galbanum_, or womans hayre.’ Those that have the pip

should be dieted on Hearbgrace [rue] or garlic. Geese ‘are more

watchfull then Doggs.’ ‘You must vse in the time of brooding, to

lay vnder your egges [of geese] the rootes of Nettles, to the end

the Gosling may escape stinging of Nettles, which otherwise many

times killeth them.’ If geese are to have fat livers, feed them

on dry figs mingled with water. Ducks chiefly delight in acorns.

If you praise a peacock, ‘he will presently sette vp his taile.’

A turkey-cock ‘is very highly esteemed of, both for his rarenesse

and greatnes of body;’ and we are told that he changes the colour

of the wrinkled skin about his head at pleasure, either to white,

red, blue, yellow, ‘or what other colour els hee list; which thing

maketh him seeme wonderfull st[r]ange to them that behold it.’

... ‘Their greatest diseases is the Pip and the Squecke.’ As to

pigeons, ‘I haue knowne some that haue builded their Doue-houses

vpon high pillars ouer the midst of some Pond or great water, both

because they delight much in water, and also to keepe them the

safer from vermine.’ Swans ‘will, when they waxe olde, declare the

time of their own death to be neere approching, by a sweete and

lamentable note which they then sing.’

=145.= 15. I. R. has--‘Wherefore it is conuenient (I say) that

they loue each other as effectually as loue can in the best sence

comprehend: and this worke especiallie, a woman is bound both by

law and nature to performe.’ Why so?

=146.= I. R. omits ll. 2-7; he was certainly a Protestant.

8. _redy._ This is the old word for _dressed_, as might be shewn

by many examples. It may suffice to say that I. R. explains _araye

theym_ in l. 11 by _make them ready_.

10. _socle_] suckle. I. R. omits _sye vp thy mylke_, which he

probably did not understand.

13. I. R. omits _and take thy parte with theym_; and, for _serue

thy swyne_ (l. 20) he puts _looke to the seruing of thy Swine_.

Customs were probably changing.

31. _the gleyd_] Kites. And _fullymartes_ is omitted.

35. After _eate_, I. R. adds--in Sallets, or otherwise.

42. _hecheled_] heckled.

43. _wrapped_] warped.

51. _ripeled_, i.e. rippled; I. R. has _repled_. In l. 41 above, I.

R. has _repealed_; yet this is, I suppose, the same word.

53. _loken_] Locken. It means locked or tightly closed up; for

_lock_ was once a strong verb.

57. _pulled_] culled (which is an ingenious alteration and perhaps

right).

104. The Knight of the Tour-Landry is the book here referred to,

and was one of the books printed by Caxton. The edition printed

by the Early English Text Society, and edited by T. Wright, is so

easily accessible that it is needless to say more here than that

Fitzherbert’s description of it is perfectly correct.

=147.= 12. _rendit_] tendit. This correction may be right, but I

am not sure of it. The Leonine (or riming) verses quoted cannot be

of any great antiquity, and it is quite possible that _rendit_ is

intended as a Low-Latin translation of the French _rend_, pr. s.

of _rendre_. The true Latin word is, of course _reddit_; which,

however, gives no rime. Fitzherbert’s translation is intended to be

in verse.

=148.= 3. _brynke_] brim. “Better spare at brim than at bottom”;

Hazlitt’s Proverbs. And see note to Tusser, 10. 35.

12. _tedure_] teathure (not a good spelling.)

15. _lees_] ground. _flytte_] shift.

17. _tyed_] stakt.

26. _putteth hym in the pynfolde_] impoundes him.

38. _ren ryot_] runne.

43. _it is meruayle_] gracious were th_e_ stars of thy natiuitie (a

fine phrase!).

=150, 151, 152, 153.= I. R. omits these four sections.

=153.= 3. This quotation, from Dionysii Catonis Disticha, iii. 7,

appears also in P. Plowman, B. xii. 23.

28. I do not know where to find this quotation.

=155.= 10. _behouable_] behoouefull (which is a better form).

=156.= In the rubric, I. R. has--‘what riches are’; but in l. 1, he

has--‘It is now requisite to know what riches is.’ Already _riches_

was becoming a plural substantive. It may be remarked that I. R.

omits the _Latin_ forms of all the quotations.

=157.= 19. _duetie_] debt (which is what is meant). So also in ll.

22, 24.

=160.= 2. After _declare_, I. R. inserts--and euery booke of Common

prayer dooth containe them. A pertinent remark.

=161.= 3. I. R. omits the reference to the Athanasian Creed, and

says we must ‘beleeue stedfastly the Catholick fayth.’

25. I. R. omits from _The fulfyllynge_ to the end of the section.

For a description of the seven works of mercy, see Spenser, F. Q.

1. 10. 36.

=163.= 3. I. R. has--and hast a stedfast fayth in Christ. He has

almost wholly rewritten this section, and says we are bound ‘to

come to common prayer;’ and omits the quotation from St. Ambrose.

=164.= 7. It is remarkable that the author should refer us to the

3rd chapter of Proverbs instead of the 15th. Our forefathers seem

to have had no idea either of giving a correct reference or of

verifying one.

10. _Qui a_ is printed, in Fitzherbert, as _Quia_, in one word. The

correction being obvious, I have made it.

18. _Isodorus_] Osorius. Why this alteration is made, I cannot

tell. In l. 29 of the next section, I. R. has _Isidore_, and in l.

37, _Isidorus_.

=165.= 39. _Hampole_] Hanapole (wrongly). Richard Rolle, of

Hampole, was the author of the Pricke of Conscience, edited by Dr.

Morris for the Philological Society, and of numerous other works,

including some Religious Treatises edited by Mr. Perry for the

Early English Text Society.

47. I. R. omits this line; he probably did not like the word

_oratory_.

52. The first book of Samuel was formerly called the first book of

Kings.

=166.= I. R. rewrites this section, and avoids any reference to

_Latin_ or to the _Ave Maria_.

=167.= 19, 20. I. R. gives the Latin lines, and his own

translation, as follows.

The ghostly enemy doth not stay

Till tempted persons doe obey:

For yeelding, hee a Lyon is,

Gainestood, a flie: his pray doth misse.

His syntax is as bad as his translation.

34. _steke_] shutte.

35. _styfly_] manfully. We have here an idea which is frequently

met with in our literature. It may suffice to refer to

Grosseteste’s Chastel d’Amour, the sermon called Soules Warde

printed in Dr. Morris’s Specimens of English, part i., the extract

from the Ayenbite of Inwyt printed in Morris and Skeat’s Specimens,

part ii., the Tower of Truth and Castle of Caro described in Piers

the Plowman, &c. We are also reminded of Bunyan’s Holy War.

=168.= 31. Here again Fitzherbert gives us the wrong reference to

the Proverbs, viz. to Chap. xiv. instead of Chap. xix. His reading

_Veneratur dominus_] is extraordinary.

=169.= 11. _vnable to be foughten agaynst_] inuinsible.

13, 14. _slecketh_] slacketh. _slake_] quench.

35. I. R. copies Fitzherbert’s reference to Chap. 35; but read 34.

=172.= 14. _conuerted_] conuarted (a peculiar pronunciation).

21. This quotation from St. Augustine appears also in Piers

Plowman, B. v. 291.

50. This last paragraph is called by I. R. ‘Fitzherberts

protestation;’ yet he actually alters his author’s words,

substituting ‘the holy scriptures’ for ‘al holy churche,’ with

various other smaller ‘corrections.’

To crown his effrontery, he gives the address of ‘The Authour to

his Booke’ in the following extraordinary (amended) form!

Goe grosse fram’d image of a holy saint,

present my loue, though rude my pensill paint;

If any blame thee for deformitie,

say Nature calld thee, and not Oratorie;

If on thy browes be starres of ignorance,

say Fortunes pype did neuer teach thee dance.

Wish them amend which best can iudge thine ill,

so shall both thou and I bee happy still.

FOOTNOTES:

[36] Such is the general rule; but in Lowland Scotch, we have

_Dalziel_, _Menzies_, pronounced as _Dalyell_, _Menyies_, _i.e._

with _z_ for _y_ in the _middle_ of a word, where it usually has

the force of _gh_.

[37] I shall in future drop the initials “I. R.” in these

collations. It will be understood that these various readings are

all from the same source.

[38] Cf. the name _pod-ware_, as applied to beans and peas. See

Halliwell.

[39] Printed--“Vernall. When.” This cuts the sentence in half, and

makes nonsense.

[40] A singular mistake; he means _Aries_.

[41] I.e. mortified. “_Mortify_, to change the outward form of

a mixt body, as when quicksilver ... is dissolved in an acid

menstruum”; Phillips.

[42] _Sic_; but we commonly find _viues_ or _vives_. And in fact,

Fitzherbert treats of it below, in section 91.

[43] I.e. the servant who had charge of the _garners_ or granaries,

and whose business it was to send corn to the mill, the stable, and

the poultry-yard.

[44] Cellar.

[45] Ewery; where were kept ‘Napery, Basons, Ewers, sweete waters,

Perfumes, Torches, Supper-lights, Prickets, sises of Waxe, and such

like;’ also ‘tallow Candles, Candle-sticks, Snuffers, and such

other.’

GLOSSARIAL INDEX.

The references are to the _sections_ and _lines_, as numbered.

Besides the usual contractions, note that _v._ = verb in the

infinitive mood, _pr. s._ = present tense, _third_ person

singular, unless 1 _p._ or 2 _p._ is added. Proper names are

included in this index.

Able, _adj._ fit, suitable, 121/16.

Abrode, _adv._ abroad, 10/30.

Abused, _pp._ ill-suited, 151/13.

Accompte, _s._ account, inventory, 151/1; A-compte, account, 146/92.

A-cloyde, _s._ accloyed; a hurt caused by running a nail into a

horse’s foot, 115/1. From O. F. _cloyer_, same as _clouer_, to

nail.

Acre, _s._ acre, 12/4.

A-crosse, _adv._ on the cross, crosswise, 61/8.

Affreyd, _s._ a disease in horses caused by hard riding, 104/1. Cf. E.

_fray_; and see _frayer_ in Cotgrave.

After, _prep._ according to, 15/22, 121/12; close to, 25/22.

Aftermath, _s._ a second crop of grass, 70/32.

All-onely, _adv._ only, 37/23, 65/4. Cf. Lowl. Sc. _al-anerly_, only.

Almes, _s._ alms, 168/3.

Almes-dedes, _s._ alms-deeds, 168/1.

Al-onely, _adv._ alone, 141/9. See All-onely.

Ambrose, St., 156/23, 163/9, 167/11.

Amended, _pp._ mended, 141/32.

Amerced, _pp._ fined, 148/22.

An, _num. adj._ one, 133/11.

Anastasius, 164/14.

And, _conj._ if, 6/12, 24/21, 25/16, 68/62, 70/34, 142/7.

Anis, _s. pl._ awns, 34/25, 29.

Anna, Hannah, 165/53.

Apparell, _s._ apparel, 151/3.

Appeyre, _v._ injure, 18/31; appeyreth, _pr. s._ impairs, injures,

18/17.

Aray, _s._ array, 151/13.

Araye, _imp. s._ dress, 146/11.

A-slope, _adv._ slanting, 2/24.

Assaut, _s._ assault, 167/37.

At-after, _prep._ after, 22/10. (Not uncommon.) It occurs in Chaucer,

C.T. 11531.

Athanasii, _gen. s._ of Athanasius, 161/4.

Attempte, _v._ to tempt, 167/4.

Atteynt, _s._ attaint, a disease caused by overstepping, 113/1. “Of

an upper _attaint_, or nether _attaint_, or any hurt by

over-reaching.”--G. Markham, Husbandry, b. i. c. 54.

Auctorytie, _s._ authority, 141/19; auctorytes, _pl._ powers, _prol._

21.

Aue, Ave Maria, 166/12.

Augur, _s._ auger, tool for boring holes, 41/8; _gen._ augurs, i.e.

made by an auger, 3/57.

Auoyde, _v._ depart, 167/36.

Austyn, St. Augustine, 156/19, 157/3, 158/1, 164/26, 168/25.

Auyse, _pr. s._ advise, 141/1.

Awry, _adv._ awry, 50/5.

Axil-pynnes, _s. pl._ axle-pins, 5/20.

Axiltre, _s._ axle-tree, 5/18.

Backe-syde, _s._ back side, back, 127/9.

Badger, _s._ badger, 71/7.

Bagges, _s. pl._ bags, 141/69.

Bakbandes, _s. pl._ back-bands for a horse in a cart, 5/28.

Baken, _s._ bacon, 121/18.

Balkes, _s. pl._ divisions of land (covered with grass) in an open

field, 6/17.

Ball, _s._ a white streak, 73/1. See _Bald_ in my Etym. Dict.

Band, _s._ band for barley, 28/8. See below.

Bandes, _s. pl._ bands, the bands that tie bundles of faggots

together, 131/8.

Bargeins, _s. pl._ transactions, 36/20.

Barbes, _s. pl._ the barbles, small excrescences of flesh in a horse’s

mouth, 82/1. _See_ Lampas.

Baste, _s._ piece of bast, 138/30; bastes, _pl._ 136/22.

Bate, _v._ to lower, abate, 153/16.

Bauson, _s._ badger, 71/7.

Bayly, _or_ Baylye, _s._ bailiff, 134/3, 141/57, 148/40.

Bayting. See _note_ to sect. 8 (ch. 8, ll. 9 and 13); p. 131.

Beate, _v._ improve [_not_ beat], 8/20. Lowl. Sc. _beet_, A. S.

_bétan_, to better. “_Beet-axe_, the instrument used in

_beeting_ ground in denshering.”--Wright.

Beetle-browed, having projecting brows, _note_ to 56/9; p. 139.

Begonne, prob. an error for _be gone_, i.e. are dropped, 18/10. See

the note.

Begotten, _pp._ obtained, 169/30, 42.

Behouable, _adj._ fitting, 155/10.

Belte, _v._ to shear the buttocks and tails of sheep, 40/24. _Burl_

is used in the same sense; see _belt_ and _burl_ in Old Country

Words, ed. Britten, pp. 134, 136.

Belybandes, _s. pl._ belly-bands for a horse in a cart, 5/28.

Bende, _adj._ bent, 3/49; _as s._ bent piece, 4/33.

Bendfoder, _s._ fodder of straw and hay mingled, _note_ to 6/27; p.

131.

Be-pysse hym-selfe, give out moisture, 25/27.

Bere-barleye, _s._ a kind of barley, 13/26. A reduplicated word.

_Bere_ is the same as _bar-_ in _bar-ley_. A.S. _bere_, barley.

Bernard, St., 156/25, 164/10.

Best lykinge, _adj. superl._ goodliest, best in appearance, 48/13.

Besyde, _prep._ on the one side, sideways out of, 139/17.

Better, _adj. compar._ 5/12.

Beyked, _pp._ warmed, dried, 24/23. M.E. _beken_, answering to an

A.S. form _bécan_* (not found), formed as a secondary verb,

by vowel-change, from A.S. _bóc_, pt. t. of _bacan_, to bake.

So also _lay_ from _lie_, _set_ from _sit_, etc. See _beken_

in Stratmann, who refers to Le Bone Florence, l. 99, Iwain and

Gawain, l. 1459, O.E. Homilies, i. 269, and Test. of Creseyde,

26.

Beykyng, _s._ warming, drying, 24/12. See above.

Beytynge, _pres. pt._ feeding, lit. baiting, 22/12.

Bier, _s._ buyer, 134/30.

Bigge, _adj._ big, large (with reference to clods), 10/4.

Blacke-thorne, _s._ blackthorn, 124/14.

Blankettes, _s. pl._ blankets, 146/79.

Blend-corn, _s._ wheat mixed with rye, 34/19. (_Blend_ = blended.)

Blesse, _v._ to bless, 146/2.

Blome, _pr. pl._ bloom, 24/16.

Bloude, _s._ blood, 145/8; also the name of a sickness among sheep,

48/2.

Bloud-yren, _s._ bleeding-iron, lancet, 58/29.

Blyssomme, _v._ to copulate, said of sheep, 37/14. A ewe is said to be

_blissom_, i.e. blithe-some, eager. Cf. _lissom_ = lithe-some.

Bobbed, _pt. pl._, struck, 166/29.

Bodkyn, _s._ bodkin, 142/6.

Boget, _s._ a budget, wallet, 142/1.

Boke, book, 3/2, etc.; bokes, _pl._ 142/4.

Bolles, _s. pl._ pods, 146/50. Lit. “swellings;” see below. Cf. Du.

_bol_, swollen.

Bolne, _v._ to swell, 128/29; bolneth, _pr. s._ swells, 128/21. Cf.

Swed. _bulna_, Dan. _bulne_, to swell.

Bolster, _s._ place of support, 4/51. The bed of a timber carriage is

called a _bolster_ (Wright).

Bord-clothes, _s. pl._ table-cloths, 146/45.

Borde, _s._ board, 122/27.

Bores, _s. pl._ boars, 121/9.

Bottelles, _s. pl._ bottles, 141/69.

Bottes, _s. pl._ bots, a kind of worms troublesome to horses, 102/1.

Bowes, _s. pl._ boughs, 122/21.

Bowes, _s. pl._ the bent pieces of wood (beneath the yoke) which pass

round the necks of yoked oxen, 5/3. Usually called _oxbows_, as

in Tusser.

Bracer, _s._ bracer, armour for the arms, 142/3. See Chaucer, C.T.

111.

Braked, _pp._ bruised in a brake or machine for crushing flax, 146/42.

Breade-come, _s._ corn to be ground to _bread meal_, for making brown

bread, 20/16. See note to P. Plowman, C. ix. 61.

Breake thy faste, _phr._ breakfast, 149/8.

Breaketh, _pr. s._ breaks in, 120/3.

Brede, _s._ breadth, 110/3, 132/18. A.S. _brǽdu_.

Brekefaste, _s._ breakfast, 146/12.

Bren, _v._ burn, 27/10; brenne, 131/2.

Brode, _adj._ broad, 2/14.

Brodye, _adj._ ready to lay (as hens), lit. brood-y, 146/24.

Broken-wynded, _s._ a being broken in the wind (said of a horse),

85/1.

Brome, _s._ the plant broom, 44/4.

Brouse, _s._ small sprigs which the cattle eat, 132/3; and see _notes_

to 38/3, 126/9. O. F. _broust_, a sprig.

Brouse, _v._ to browze, eat off, 131/3. Derived from the sb. above.

Broyse, _imp. s._ bruise, 59/12; broysed, _pp._ 6/30.

Brue, _v._ to brew, 146/15.

Brumentes, _s. pl._ inventories, 152/5. Roquefort gives: ‘_Brevememt_

[obviously an error for _Brevement_], état de dépense, mémoire,

agenda, bordereau.’ He also notes _breumen_, used for

_brevement_, briefly. Hence _brument_ is for _brevement_, i.e.

short list, abstract.

Brused, _pp._ bruised, 129/4.

Bryckle, _adj._ brittle, 100/8.

Bryne, _s._ brine, 44/8.

Brynke, _s._ brink, brim, top, 148/3.

Bryse, _imp. s._ bruise, 129/3. _See_ Broyse.

Buddes, _s. pl._ buds, shoots, 126/11.

Bukler, _s._ buckler, 142/3.

Bulder-stones, _s. pl._ smooth large round stones, 15/28.

Bull, _s._ harrow-bull, 15/9. _See_ Harowe-bulles.

Bulleys, _s. pl._ bullaces, 136/4, 140/1.

Bunnes, _s. pl._ dry stalks, 70/9. “_Bun_, a dry stalk;” Wright. Cf.

Gael. _bun_, a root, stock, stump; _bunan_, stubble.

Burges, _pr. s._ buds, burgeons, 135/8.

Burthen, _s._ crop, 12/21.

Bussheles, _s. pl._ bushels, 12/8.

Busshell-pokes, _s. pl._ bags or sacks holding a bushel, 141/69.

Bustardes, _s. pl._ bustards, 146/29.

But, _prep._ except, 122/1; but and, _conj._ if, 44/2.

By, _v._ buy, 56/5; bye, 148/36.

By and by, _phr._ exactly, distinctly, in order one after the other,

126/15; immediately, 42/8. See Wright’s Gloss.

Byd, _v._ to bid, invite, 152/18.

Byer, _s._ buyer, 118/6.

Bygge, _s._ bigg, the name of a kind of barley, 13/27. _Bigg_ occurs

as the name of a kind of barley A.D. 1474-5; see Rogers, Hist.

Agric. vol. iii. Icel. _bygg_, Dan. _byg_, barley.

Byghte, _s._ (bight), bend, 132/6.

Byrdes, _s. pl._ birds, chickens, 146/30.

Caluary, Calvary, 166/32.

Cambrydge-shyre, 2/27.

Camborell, _s._ the hock of an animal, 107/3. Usually _cambrel_ or

_gambrel_.

Can, _pr. s._ knows, 52/7; _pr. pl._ 147/26.

Candell-lyghte, _s._ candle-light, 149/5.

Candelmas, _s._ the day of the purification of the Virgin, Feb. 2,

134/22.

Canker, cancer, a disease of horses, _note_ to 83/1; p. 141.

Cannes, _s. pl._ cans, 141/68.

Capitayne, _s._ captain, 167/28.

Carte-ladder, _s._ a frame-work behind a cart, 5/27. See

_carte-ladders_, 5/30.

Cart-sadel, _s._ the small saddle placed on a horse in the shafts,

5/27.

Caryage, _s._ traffic of carts, 128/12.

Caryen, _s._ carrion, 6/34, 58/10.

Casses, _s. pl._ the name of a kind of apple, 130/4. Roquefort gives

_casse_, as meaning an oak. Cf. Low Lat. _casnus_, F. _chêne_,

an oak.

Caste, _v._ to swarm, as bees, 122/6; caste, _pp._ thrown over, as

ploughed earth, 33/4.

Castynge, _s._ casting, 13/16. See 13/13.

Cattell, _s._ cattle, 37/2.

Cayphas, Caiphas, 166/27.

Chafed, _pp._ heated, over-ridden, 85/5.

Chafynge, _pres. pt._ growing warm, 88/2.

Chall-bones, _s. pl._ jawbones, 86/3.

Challes, _s. pl._ jaws, 75/3. _Chall_ = _jowl_; see _jowl_ in my Etym.

Dict.

Champyon, _s._ flat, open, said of country, 66/15. (The same as

_champaign_.) See Tusser’s Husbandry.

Chapmannes, _s. gen._ merchants, purchasers, 118/4.

Chapyter, _s._ chapter, 141/13; _pl._ chapyters, 141/3.

Charte, _s._ cart, 19/5.

Cheape, _adj._ cheap; _better cheape_, cheaper (where _cheap_ was

orig. a sb.), 5/13.

Chekyns, _s. pl._ chickens, 146/89.

Chepeth, _pr. s._ bargains for, 157/27.

Cheryes, _s. pl._ cherries, 136/3, 140/1.

Chesse, _s._ chess, _prol._ 15.

Chesses, _s. pl._ rows, _note_ to 125/4. A _chase_ is “a row”; see

Old Country Words, ed. Britten, p. 59.

Chowe, _v._ chew, 23/11; chowynge, _pr. pt._ 79/7.

Chrisostome, St. Chrysostom, 155/16; Crysostome, 156/30.

Churle hempe, _s._ male hemp (so called), 146/58.

Chylturne, _s._ the name of a kind of soil, 2/5. See note. We find

_Ciltern_ as a place-name in the A. S. Chron. an. 1009. And

see Old Country Words, ed. Britten, p. 11.

Chyne, _s._ the chine, back, 87/1, 119/4.

Chynynge, _s._ cracking, 138/30. A. S. _cínan_, to crack. Cf. E.

_chine_, _chink_.

Clarkes, _s. pl._ clerks, scholars, 7/15.

Clayenge, _s._ putting on the clay, 138/33.

Cleauynge, _s._ cleft, 138/29.

Cleese, _s. pl._ claws, 64/2; clese, 47/3, 9. (Properly _clees_.)

Clerkes, _s. pl._ scholars, 166/39.

Cley, _s._ clay, 2/4.

Close, _s._ an inclosure, 66/17; closes, _pl._ 123/2.

Clothes, _s. pl._ cloths, 146/79.

Clothe-makers, _s. pl._ cloth-makers, 146/81.

Clot, _s._ clod, 15/47; clottes, _pl._ 15/14.

Clotty, _adj._ lumpy, full of clods, 15/45.

Clouen, _pp._ cloven, divided, 136/20.

Clouen-footed, _adj._ cloven-footed, 146/27.

Clout, _pp._ clouted, strengthened with nails or pieces of iron, 5/18.

Cloute, _s._ rag, 64/9.

Cockole, _s._ corn-cockle, 20/13.

Cocledrake, _an error for_ cocle, drake, _two distinct words_; cocle

= corn-cockle, 20/3. _See_ Drake; and see above.

Codde, _s._ cod, 57/5; a pod, 29/11 (where _coddes_, pl. would be

better); coddes, _pl._ pods, 20/11.

Codde, _v._ bear fruit (said of peas), 12/38. Cf. _peascod_ = pea-pod;

see above.

Coffyns, _s. pl._ baskets, 166/21.

Cogges, _s. pl._ cogs, 134/9. “But the _cogge-whele_ in a corne-mylne

is a great helper, if it be well pycked [clean cut], well

_cogged_, and well ronged; sixe ronges and xlviii. _cogges_

are best for a great ryuer;” On Surveying, c. 39. Thus the

_rungs_ are the divisions of the smaller, and the _cogs_ of the

larger wheel, at the circumference.

Coke, _s._ another name for the plough-ear, 3/5. Perhaps connected

with _Cokers_, iron rims round clogs, and _calkins_, _cawkins_,

the parts of a horse-shoe turned up and sharpened to prevent

slipping (Wright; Gloss.)

Coke, _s._ a piece of iron used instead of a plough-foot, 4/46. See

above.

Cole, _s._ coal, 19/3.

Coltes euyll, _s._ a disease in colts, 101/1. See G. Markham;

Husbandry, b. i. c. 32.

Combe, _s._ comb, 142/5.

Commons, _s. pl._ common pasture-grounds, 6/10.

Common weale, _s._ general advantage, 151/22.

Compasse, _adj._ circular, encompassing, 136/11.

Conclusion, in, finally, at last, 132/18.

Connynge, _s._ knowledge, 141/22.

Content, _adj._ pleased, 120/17.

Conuenyente, _adj._ fitting, _prol._ 14, 145/15, 146/75.

Conuocation, _s._ gathering, 155/3.

Copyoke, _s._ part of the harness for a waggon, 5/5. Wright gives

_cop_, (1) top ... (7) the part of a waggon which hangs over

the thiller-horse, (8) the beam placed between a pair of drawing

oxen. _See_ Yoke.

Cordes, _s. pl._ cords, a disease in front of a horse’s fore-legs,

92/1. “_Cords_, or string-halt, is an unnaturall binding of the

sinews;” G. Markham, Husbandry, b. i. c. 64.

Corne, _s._ kind of corn, 32/2; cornes, _pl._ grains, 15/4.

Corser, _s._ a horse-dealer, 119/15, 120/4. We also find _scorser_ in

the same sense.

Cotes, _s. pl._ coats, 151/13.

Couer, _v._ cover, a term applied to collecting sheaves by tens, two

of them covering the other eight by being laid across, 31/2.

Couerlettes, _s. pl._ coverlets, 146/80.

Countre, _s._ county, 3/7; countreys, _s. pl._ counties, 2/2, 35/6;

countreyes, 2/28, 3/8.

Courbe, _s._ a curb, a kind of lameness in horses, 107/l.

Cowpers, _s. pl._ coopers, 134/7.

Crabtree, _s._ crabtree, 124/5; crabbe-tree, 137/11.

Cranes, _s. pl._ cranes, 146/29.

Cratches, _s. pl._ racks, mangers, 70/44. F. _crèche_.

Cratches, _s. pl._ scratches, a disease in a horse’s pasterns, 112/1.

Credence, _s._ credit, belief, 141/18.

Crofote, s. crowfoot, 15/22. A _crowfoot_ is a _Ranunculus_; see Dict.

of E. Plant-names.

Croke, _pr. pl._ crook, bend, 27/12.

Croked, _adj._ crooked, 3/39.

Cromely, _adj._ liable to crumble, 100/6.

Croper, _s._ the crupper, 105/2.

Croppe, _v._ to crop, to cut off the top-most shoots or the sprigs,

131/1.

Croppes, _s. pl._ shoots, sprigs, 44/4.

Crosse, _adj._ going across, 5/22.

Crume, _s._ crumb, 11/23.

Cudde, _s._ cud, 17/33.

Culture, _s._ coulter, 3/6, 34, 48; 63/4.

Cure, _s._ endeavour, 146/2.

Currante, _adj._ running, moving, 128/4; sloping downwards, 128/8.

Customers, _s. pl._ customers, 119/13.

Damme, _s._ dam, mother (said of a mare), 68/75.

Dampsons, _s. pl._ damsons, 136/4, 140/1.

Darbyshyre, 17/21.

Darnolde, _s._ darnel, 20/4; dernolde, 20/21.

Dauyd, David, 156/34, 168/17.

Deceypt, _s._ deceit, 146/102.

Declared, _pp._ explained, 147/28.

Dee-nettylles, _s. pl._ purple dead-nettles, 20/47.

Defautes, _s. pl._ defects, faults, 141/54.

Departe, _v._ to part, separate, 145/15.

Dernolde, _s._ darnel, 20/21.

Detters, _s. pl._ debtors, 170/11.

Dettes, _s. pl._ debts, 170/10.

Deuyded, _pp._ divided, _prol._ 18, 11/15.

Dewbolne, _s._ a disease; lit. “swollen with dew,” 60/1. _Bollen_

= swollen. “_Dewboln_, a swelling, beginning at the neather part

of the dewlap;” G. Markham, Husbandry, c. 37 (bk. ii.).

Dewlappe, _s._ dewlap, 59/10.

Discretion, _s._ discernment, wisdom, 11/1; discreation, 146/122.

Displeasure, _s._ displeasure, offence, 153/22.

Disport, _s._ sport, 153/11.

Dockes, _s. pl._ docks, 20/3, 12.

Dodder, _s._ a kind of weed, 20/47. See Dict. of E. Plant-names,

p. 154; and _doder_ in Turner’s Names of Herbes.

Dogfenell, _s._ stinking chamomile, _Anthemis Cotula_, 20/4, 32. See

Dict. of E. Plant-names.

Domynation, _s._ dominion, power, 54/22, 152/30.

Dongynge, _s._ manuring, 13/4.

Dounged, _pp._ manured, 13/2.

Dout, _imp. s._ doubt, 151/27.

Douues, _s. pl._ doves, 17/34.

Dowles, _s. pl._ tholes, pegs, 5/9. “_Doul_, a nail or pin sharpened

at each end;” Wright. “_Tholle_, a cart-pynne;” Palsgrave.

Dradde, _pp._ dreaded, 167/8.

Drake, _s._ a kind of darnel, 20/17. Also called _drawk_ (Wright);

and see E. Plant-names, p. 159.

Draughte, _s._ a team of horse or oxen, 22/10; a manner of drawing,

15/22.

Dresse, _v._ to prepare, by cutting off all small twigs, 132/5.

Drone, _s._ a drone, 122/49.

Duetie, _s._ debt, 157/19.

Dunne, _adj._ dun, brown, 34/40.

Dychynge, _s._ ditching, 124/2.

Dysheryte, _v._ to disinherit, 153/24.

Dyssheborde, _s._ dish-board, dresser, 146/9.

Dystaffe, _s._ distaff, 146/46.

Ebbe, _adj._ shallow, 33/4.

Ecclesiastici, _gen. s._ of Ecclesiasticus, 169/35.

Eddered, _pp._ bound at the top of the stakes, 126/7. See _yeather_

in Ray, Gloss. B. 15, p. 75.

Edderynge, _s._ the binding at the top of stakes used in making

hedges, also called _ether_, 126/6; edderynges, _pl._ 126/14.

Eest, _s._ east, 133/20.

Effectually, _adv._ sincerely, 145/16.

Ellore, _s._ the elder tree, 126/2. Usually _eller_, which also means

the alder; see E. Plant-names, p. 168.

Elne, _s._ an ell, 15/23.

Encreace, _v._ increase, 17/18.

Endent, _v._ indent, 23/15.

Endure, _v._ to last, 148/36.

Enfecte, _adj._ infected, 58/12.

Enforme, _v._ inform, 11/29, 155/8; enfourme, teach, tell, 134/26.

Englysshe, English, 166/8.

Ensample, _s._ example, 36/9.

Entente, _s._ purpose, 7/11.

Enterfyre, _s._ interference of the feet, the knocking of one foot

against the other, 109/1. See the note. “_Enterfayring_ is

hewing one leg on another, and striking off the skin;” G.

Markham, Husbandry, c. 58.

Ere, _conj._ before, 15/35; er, 36/2.

Eschewe, _v._ to eschew, 146/107.

Estate, _s._ state, condition, 70/28; estates, _pl._ wealthy persons,

153/9.

Euery, _adj._ every, 127/40.

Ewerie, _s._ ewery, place for pitchers, etc.; _note_ to 140/8.

Exaltation of the holye crosse, i.e. Sept. 14, 37/16.

Expende, _v._ to spend, 147/13.

Extende, _v._ to extend, reach to, 147/14.

Eyen, _s. pl._ eyes, 48/6; eien, 48/8.

Faculty, _s._ ability, wealth, 147/18.

Facyons, _s. pl._ fashions, kinds, 2/3.

Faldynge, _s._ a kind of frieze, or rough cloth, 44/14. See Chaucer,

C. T. 393.

Falowe, _v._ to plough, 16/3. See below.

Falowynge, _s._ ploughing land for the first time (for wheat), 4/42.

See 16/3.

Fan, _v._ to winnow corn, 35/6; fande, _pp._ 35/10.

Farcyon, _s._ the farcy, a disease of horses, in which swellings

appear on his body, 93/1. Cf. F. _farcer_, to stuff.

Faste, _adv._ very near, close, 25/32.

Fayne, _adj._ obliged, compelled, 151/14.

Feitergrasse, _s._ the name of a kind of grass (spelt _fettergrass_

in ed. 1598), 59/11.

Felle, _v._ to fell, 131/1.

Felow, _s._ fellow, _i.e._ neighbouring furrow, 9/9.

Fellyes, _s. pl._ pieces of wood joined together to make the circle

of a wheel, 5/9.

Felly-fole, _s._ filly-foal, filly, 68/52.

Female hempe, _s._ wild hemp, 146/57.

Fenbrede, _s._ mud-board, or mould-board, 3/4, 27. See note to 3/1.

_Fen_ = mud; as commonly in M. E.

Fence, _v._ to form a fence, 125/5.

Fenel-sedes, _s. pl._ fennel seeds, 20/18.

Ferny, _adj._ covered with ferns, 50/10.

Ferre, _adv._ far, 48/11, 150/6, 164/8.

Ferthermore, _adv._ furthermore, besides, 151/17.

Fetelockes, _s. pl._ fetlocks, 99/3.

Fette, _pt. s._ brought, 166/34.

Fettred, _pp._ fastened together, bound, 5/10.

Filberdes, _s. pl._ filberts, 136/3.

Flaine, _pp._ flayed, 58/21. See Fley.

Flanke, _s._ flank, 85/4.

Flasshes, _s. pl._ marshy places, 70/8. The usual sense is “pool.”

Flaxen wheate, _s._ flaxen wheat, a kind of wheat, 34/23, 25.

Flayle, _s._ flail, 5/33.

Fley, _imp. s._ flay, 38/11; _spelt_ flee, 58/8.

Flokes, _s. pl._ flukes, 56/16.

Floures, _s. pl._ flowers, 156/6.

Flyntered, _pp._ said of “small corn wrinkled and dried,” 34/43. Cf.

_flinders_, fragments; and cf. _splintered_.

Flytte, _imp. s._ remove, 148/15; flyte, _v._ 18/3; flytteth,

_pr. s._ 18/28. Lit. “flit.”

Fodered, _pp._ foddered, fed, 70/40.

Folden, _pp._ folded, 52/6.

Foled, _pp._ foaled, 118/10.

Foole, _s._ foal, 68/7, 11; fools, _pl._ 56/4.

Fooled, _pp._ foaled, 68/13.

Foolynge-tyme, _s._ foaling time, 68/40.

For, _prep._ against, to prevent, 18/33, 32/8, 35/8, 44/15, 51/9,

52/1, 70/46, 139/19. (Observe this use.)

For nothynge, _phr._ on no account, 124/14, 138/10.

Forecroppe, _s._ fore-crop, a part of a cow or bullock, 57/2. I learn

that the _fore-crop_ is the upper part of the fore quarter of

an ox, and lies between the neck and the sirloin. “... it shews

he is wel tallowed, and so doth the _crop_ behind the

shoulders;” Markham, Husbandry, Of Oxen.

Fore-wedge, _s._ fore-wedge (before the coulter), 4/23.

Forowe, _s._ a furrow, 4/6.

Forther, _adj._ front, foremost, 92/2. “_Forther-fete_, the

forefeet;” Wright.

Fortune, _v._ to chance, happen, 3/1, 120/17, 124/38, 153/24.

Fote, plough-foot, 4/12. _See_ Plough-fote.

Fote-teame, _s._ (apparently) the end of the drawing-gear which is

fastened to a plough or harrow, 4/37, 15/12. _See_

Wrethyng-temes.

Foughten, _pp._ fought, 169/11.

Foule, _s._ an ulcer in a cow’s foot, 64/1.

Freeholders, _s. pl._ freeholders, 130/22.

Freteth, _pr. s._ eats away, 20/7.

Fretter, _s._ a corrosive, 43/5.

Fullymartes, _s. pl._ polecats, 146/31. M.E. _fulmart_.

Fyfte, _adj. num._ fifth, 75/3.

Fylberdes, _s. pl._ filberts, 140/4.

Fyled, _pp._ defiled, dirtied, 41/1, 45/4.

Fyllettes, _s. pl._ fillets, 76/6. “_Filet_, the fillet of a beast;”

Cotgrave. “_Fillets_, in a horse, are the foreparts of the

shoulder next the breast;” Bailey’s Dict. vol. i. ed. 1735.

Fynde, _v._ to provide with, furnish, 153/20.

Fyre-wodde, _s._ fire-wood, 132/2.

Fysking, _s._ fidgeting, roaming about, 45/2. See examples in my note

to P. Plowman, C. 10/153.

Fytches, _s. pl._ vetches, 20/40, 70/8.

Garches, _s. pl. an error for_ garthes, i.e. hoops, 134/7. _See_

Garthe-webbe.

Garniter, the officer who had care of the granary, _note_ to 140/8.

Garthe-webbe, _s._ webbing for a girth, 10/23. “_Garth_, a hoop or

band;” Wright. _See_ Garches. A _girth-web_ is mentioned A.D.

1502; see Rogers, Hist. Agric. vol. iii.

Geare, _s._ gear, implements, 5/2; gere, 142/7.

Geld, _pr. pl._ cut too high (said of beans), 29/9.

Gelly, _s._ jelly, 44/7.

Gete, _pp._ gotten, taken up, 129/11; gette, gotten from, taken from,

137/7. A.S. _geten_, pp.

Gethereth, _pr. s._ gathers, 28/5.

Gise, _s._ guise, fashion, way, 35/8.

Glaunder, _s._ glander, usually in the plural, 87/2. See below.

Glaunders, _s._ glanders, a disease in the glands, 86/1.

Gleyd, _s._ kite, 146/31. A S. _glida_.

Glose, _s._ gloss, comment, 168/34.

Glotony, _s._ gluttony, 152/23.

Gloues, _s. pl._ gloves, 142/3.

Gnappe, _v._ to bite slightly; gnappe of, rub off with their teeth

(said of horses), 93/6. The same as _kneppe_, to bite slightly,

in Best’s Rural Economy in Yorkshire (Surtees Society); mod.

E. _nip_.

Golds, _s. pl._ corn marigold, 20/25; gouldes, 20/4. See Ray, Gloss.

B. 16, p. 83; Tusser, note to 39/21.

Gore, _v._ to gore, 70/43.

Gostely, _adj._ spiritual, 167/38.

Goten, _pp._ gotten, 154/9.

Gouldes, _s. pl._ corn marigolds, 20/4; golds, 20/25.

Goute, _s._ gout, 65/1.

Gowty, _adj._ gouty, 56/6.

Goyng vppon, walking about upon the ground, 18/23.

Graffe, _v._ to graft, 136/6.

Graffe, _s._ a graft, slip, 136/17.

Graffynge-sawe, saw for grafting, 136/7.

Grammer-schole, _s._ grammar-school, 147/11.

Grasier, _s._ grazier, 40/1.

Grauelynge, _s._ graveling, caused by gravel in a horse’s foot, 114/1.

Grayned, _pp._ forked at the top, 41/9. “_Grain_, a prong of a fork;”

Wright. (Common). “_Grain-staff_, a quarter-staff with a pair

of short tines at the end, which they call _grains_;” Ray,

Gloss. B. 16, p. 84.

Greatte; a greatte, by wholesale, 134/18.

Gregorye, St. Gregory, 162/12; Gregory, 155/24, 161/15, 165/26, 167/6.

Grese, _v._ to grease, 40/24.

Greued, _pp._ grieved, 147/15.

Gristell, _s._ gristle, 89/2.

Grombalde-brydge, Grimbald Bridge, near Knaresborough, 79/10.

Grosse sale, wholesale, 36/25.

Grote, _s._ groat, 20/15.

Gurthe, _s._ girth, 142/5.

Gyrre, _s._ a disease of cattle, probably giddiness, 70/33. Cf. F.

_girer_, to turn.

Gyse, _s._ guise, way, custom, 133/1.

Hachet, _s._ hatchet, 127/2.

Hades, _s. pl._ strips of greensward, 6/17. “_Hade_, a ridge of land,

a small piece of greensward at the end of arable land;” Wright.

Half-throne, _v._ to cover sheaves in some particular manner, 31/3.

It is believed to be the same as the Shropshire _hackle_, which

is to put four sheaves of wheat into a shock, and then to place

another sheaf (upright) with the ears downwards, on the top.

This agrees with _covering_ except in the use of 4 sheaves

for 8.

Halomshyre, Hallamshire (in which is Sheffield), 17/21.

Halte, _v._ to go lamely, 98/5.

Halter, _s._ halter, 142/2.

Halue, _s._ half, 127/4.

Hamper, _s._ hamper, basket, 11/23.

Hampole, Richardus de, 165/39.

Handbyll, s. small bill-hook, 127/2.

Handel, _v._ to handle, 40/24.

Handsome, _adj._ handy, convenient, 24/22.

Harde, _pp._ heard, 164/30.

Harde by, _phr._ close, 129/4.

Harowe-bulles, _s. pl._ chief pieces of timber composing an ox-harrow,

15/6.

Harowed, _pp._ harrowed, 15/2.

Harowe-tyndes, _s. pl._ tines or prongs of a harrow, 15/10.

Hasell, _s._ hazel, 24/16, 124/5.

Hassell, _adj._ stiff, said of a soil; see it partially defined in

_note_ to 2/6. “_Hazle_, stiff, as clay; Essex.”--Wright.

“A _haisel_ mould, which I count to be one of the best wealdish

moulds, being a compound mould, and very good for marle.”--G.

Markham, Inrichment of the Weald, 1649, p. 9.

Hasty, _adj._ early, 12/39.

Hatched, _put for_ hatchet, _note_ to 46/3. “Brains of a hatchet,” a

term for the oily substance obtained by burning linen on the

head of a hatchet.

Hatte, _s._ hat, 142/2.

Haue, _v._ take, 58/12.

Hawdod, _s._ corn bluebottle, _Centaurea Cyanus_, 20/28; haudoddes,

_pl._ 20/4. Cf. _hardewes_, a name for the wild succory

(_Cichorium Intybus_) in Turner’s Names of Herbes.

Hawe, _s._ an excrescence in the eye of a horse, 89/1.

Hearbgrace, _s._ herb-grace, rue, _note_ to 144.

Heare, _s._ hair, 64/5, 98/4; heares, _pl._ 47/5, 11.

Hearynges, _s. pl._ herrings, 36/10.

Hecheled, _pp._ heckled, combed, 146/42.

Hedge-rote, _s._ hedge-root, stump, 132/12.

Hedgyngebyll, _s._ bill for hedging, 5/32.

Heed, _s._ head, 47/4, 102/3.

Heed, _pr. s. subj._ 2 _p._ behead, cut off the top, crop, 132/9;

heeded, _pp._ 132/15.

Heeth-grounde, _s._ ground covered with heather, 2/7.

Helewedge, _s._ heel-wedge (behind the coulter), 4/23.

Helpe, _v._ mend, cure, 58/2.

Herdman, _s._ herdsman, 6/10; herdeman, 123/15.

Heringes, _s. pl._ herrings, 36/12.

Herode, Herod, 166/27.

Hert, _s._ heart, middle, 100/4; herte, 114/3.

Hey, _s._ hay, 23/4, 66/14; heye, 146/85.

Hey-cockes, _s. pl._ haycocks, 25/15.

Hey-rope, _s._ hay rope, 64/5.

His, _pr. gen._ its, 9/8.

Hode, _s._ hood, 142/2.

Hogges, _s. pl._ hogs, 121/9.

Hole, _adj._ whole, healthy, 149/13.

Hole-footed, _adj._ whole-footed, web-footed, 146/26.

Holer, _adj. compar._ more whole; healthier, 149/13.

Hole-straw wheat, wheat with a whole or solid straw, _note_ to 34/43.

Holmes, _s. pl._ put for _homes_ = hames, 5/25, 15/41. _See_ Hombers.

Holpen, _pp._ helped, cured, 61/6, 82/2.

Holsome, _adj._ wholesome, 25/18.

Holy bread, _s._ ordinary leavened bread cut into small pieces,

blessed, and given to the people, 11/18. See note to P.

Plowman, C. xvi. 210.

Holye, _s._ holly, 124/5.

Holyrode-day, the day of the holy cross, Sept. 14 (see 17/16), 134/21.

See Phillips’ Dict. ed. 1706.

Hombers, _s. pl._ horse-collars, 5/24, 15/41. Also called _hamberwes_,

_hamboroughs_; from _hame_, one of the bent pieces of wood to

which the trace is fastened, and A.S. _beorgan_, to protect.

Lit. ‘hame-protectors.’

Honger, _s._ hunger, 30/14.

Hopper, _s._ a seed-basket, 10/22, 25; 34/10. M.E. _hoper_ (P.

Plowman).

Horne, _s._ horn, 142/3.

Horse, _s. gen._ horse’s, 82/1, 91/1.

Horse-harowes, _s. pl._ harrows drawn by horses, 15/15.

Horse-leche, _s._ horse-doctor, 120/6.

Horse-mayster, _s._ horse-master, 120/1.

Houe, _s._ hoof, 78/6, 98/2.

Hoystynge, _s._ coughing, 59/3. ‘_Hoist_, a cough; East.’--Wright.

Hucbone, _s._ hip-bone, 57/3. More commonly _huckle_.

Hurdes, _s. pl._ hards, coarse flax, 146/39.

Hurdels, _s. pl._ hurdles, 18/35.

Husbandes, _s. pl._ husbandmen, 3/1.

Huske, _s._ husk, 14/12.

Huswife, _s._ housewife, 148/1.

Hyer, higher, _prol._ 33.

Hynder, _adj._ latter, 148/11.

Iagged, _adj._ jagged, 20/26.

James, St., 169/12.

Ielly, _s._ jelly, 58/23.

Ieoperdy, _s._ jeopardy, peril, 5/13, 139/2.

Iherome, St. Jerome, 155/1, 161/20; Jerome, 168/7.

In lyke, alike, 25/6.

In regarde, _phr._ for his part, lit. according to his estimation,

153/6.

Inam, _applied to_ wheat, _note to_ 9/13. Cf. “_Innom barley_, barley

sown the second crop after the ground is fallowed; _North_.”

--Ray, Gloss. B. 15, p. 50.

Infecte, infected, 164/29.

Infydeles, _s. pl._ infidels, 166/45.

Inke, _s._ ink, 142/4.

Intend, _pr. pl._ intend, 148/1.

Inuentorys, _s. pl._ inventories, 151/2.

Iob, Job, 156/7.

Iohan, John, 165/34.

Isodorus, St. Isidore, 164/18; 165/37, 49; 169/33; Isodore, 165/29.

Judas, 166/25.

Iudges, _s. pl._ castles (in chess), _prol._ 20.

Kedlokes, _s. pl._ charlock, _Sinapis arvensis_, 10/13, 20/3, 9. Also

called _cadlock, cadlick, chadlock, chedlock, carlock, charlock,

callock, etc._

Kelles, _s. pl._ cases of maggots, 18/10; gossamer-threads, 54/22.

“_Kells_, cones of silkworms; _kell_, a film over the eyes;”

Wright. The usual sense is ‘caul.’

Kente, Kent, 2/15.

Kerchef, _s._ kerchief, handkerchief, 142/1.

Keys, _s. pl._ part of a cart, 5/22.

Knolles, _s. pl._ knolls, mounds, lumps, 128/29.

Knowen, _pp._ known, 8/2.

Knyfe, _s._ knife, 142/6.

Knytte, _pp._ joined together as a swarm of bees, 122/9, 22; knytte,

_v._ to join, 122/10.

Kydde, _v._ to bind up faggots in bundles, 131/7, 132/7. See below.

Kyddes, _s. pl._ faggots, 5/29. “_Kydde_, a fagotte;” Palsgrave.

Kyd-wodde, _s._ faggot-wood, 134/20.

Kye, _s. pl._ cows, 56/7, 146/10. A. S. _cý_, pl. of _cú_.

Kylde, _pp._ killed, 103/6.

Kynde, _s._ nature, 128/23.

Kyrfe, _s._ incision, 136/10. “_Kerf_, an incision;” Wright. Derived

from A.S. _ceorfan_, to carve, to cut. Spelt _kerfe_ in Ray,

Gloss. B. 16, p. 85.

Kyrtels, _s. pl._ kirtles, skirts, 151/16.

Lampas, _s._ an excrescence of flesh above the teeth in horses, which

often prevents their eating, 81/1. “_Hava de bestias_, the

_lampas_, a disease in the mouth of beasts, when such long

barbles grow in their mouthes, that they cannot well feed;”

Minsheu, Spanish Dict.

Landes, _s. pl._ 5/4. Evidently some part of the gear for ploughing,

but I can find no such word. Perhaps an error for _bandes_,

i.e. bands. Mr. Peacock, in his Glossary of Manley Words, has

--“_Lanes_, _Lains_, an iron ring at the end of the beam of a

plough to which the horses are yoked.” Perhaps this is it.

Landes, _s. gen._ field’s, 2/17; landes, _s. pl._ ridges, 13/7.

Lankesshyre, Lancashire, 2/26.

Lanses, _s. pl._ shoots, 138/1.

Lathe-legged, _pp._ slender-legged, 78/4.

Lathes, _s. pl._ laths, 15/9.

Laude, _s._ praise, 163/1, 167/17.

Lazare, Lazarus, 166/22.

Ledde, _pp._ carried, 28/12.

Ledder, _s._ leather, 10/23.

Lees, _s. pl._ leas, pastures, 148/18.

Leisshe, _s._ leash, 142/3.

Lene, _v._ to lean, 124/35.

Lenger, _adj. compar._ longer, 3/38, 3/55, 70/13; _adv._ 67/4, 128/32.

Lente-corne, _s._ Lent corn, spring corn, 148/7.

Let hym blode, bleed him, 48/7.

Let, _v._ hinder, 24/19: lette, _pr. pl._ 82/2, 164/1.

Lette, _s._ hindrance, 135/6.

Leue, _v._ leave off, 41/15.

Leue, _s._ leave, 143/7.

Leuse, _v._ to loosen, 126/16, 129/10.

Ley, _v._ to lay, lay eggs, 146/23.

Leycestershyre, 2/26.

Leye-hey, _s._ meadow hay, 25/34.

Leys, _s. pl._ pasture-grounds, 6/17, 8/5.

Leysshe, _s._ leash, 10/25.

Like, _pr. pl._ thrive, 53/9.

Linsede, _s._ linseed, 146/53.

Lockes, _s. pl._ pieces torn off a fleece, 146/79.

Lode, _v._ load, carry, 32/2.

Lodynge, _s._ loading, 22/11.

Loken, _pp._ locked or closed up, 146/53. See note.

Lollers, _s. pl._ lollards, 166/45.

Long-eare, _s._ long-ear, a kind of barley, 13/22.

Longe-rained, _pp._ long in the reins, 78/2.

Longe-soughte, _s._ lung disease, 59/2. A.S. _suht_, disease (Grein).

Loode, _v._ to carte, 146/87.

Loppe, _v._ to lop, 132/1.

Lose, _adj._ loose, 27/4.

Louyngely, _adv._ lovingly, kindly, 152/16.

Lowe-brawned, _pp._ strong in the lower muscles, 75/2.

Lower, _adj. compar._ lower, 125/5.

Lowsy, _adj._ full of lice, 117/1.

Luke-warme, _adj._ lukewarm, tepid, 44/12.

Lye, _s._ urine, _note_ to 44/8. Cf. 1 Hen. IV. ii. 1. 23. O.F. _lie_,

lees.

Lyfte, _adj._ left, 28/4.

Lyke, _v._ to thrive, 57/10, 123/14, 140/8.

Lyncoln, 2/27.

Lyne, _s._ measuring line, 124/28.

Lyngel, _s._ a shoemaker’s thread, 142/6. “_Lyngell_, that souters

sowe with, _lignier_;” Palsgrave.

Lyn-pinnes, _s. pl._ linch-pins, 5/19. See _Linchpin_ in my Etym.

Dict.

Lytter, _s._ litter, straw for a horse’s bed, 100/3.

Lyuer, _s._ liver, 55/15.

Malander, _s._ a sore place on the inside of the fore-leg of a horse,

94/1. “_Malandres_, the malanders, a horses disease;” Cotgrave.

“_Malendre_,” the same.

Male, _s._ bag, pack, portmanteau, 142/2.

Mall, _s._ a mallet or club, 126/14; malles, _pl._ 15/46.

Mallet, _s._ mallet, wooden hammer, 136/15.

Malte, _s._ malt, 146/14.

Mane, _s._ a piece of grass left unmown, 23/17.

Maple, _s._ maple, 126/3.

Marke, St. Mark, 170/3.

Marle, _s._ rich earth used as manure, 2/6; a blue marble-like earth,

_note_ to 16/29-35.

Marley, _s._ marl, 138/26. See above.

Marre, _v._ mar, spoil, 70/50.

Marreis, _adj._ marsh, 5/15; marreys, 124/20.

Marreys, _s._ marsh, 54/13.

Martok, Martock (Somersetshire), 27/17.

Martilmas, Martinmas, St. Martin’s day, Nov. 11, 134/21.

Mathes, _s. pl._ maggots, 18/8, 45/1. “Cimex, _maðu_;” Wright’s

Vocab. i. 24.

Mathes, _s. pl._ stinking chamomile, corn chamomile, _Anthemis

Cotula_, 20/4. Called _stynkynge maydweede_ in Turner’s Names

of Herbes.

Matter, _s._ pus in a sore, 87/3.

Mattockes, _s. pl._ mattocks, tools to dig up roots and weeds, 8/20.

_See_ Beate.

Mawe, _s._ the stomach, 102/2.

May, _pr. s._ can, is able, 66/20.

Mayn whyte, principally white, 68/70.

Meane, _adj._ middling, ordinary, 2/6, 124/19; neither very moist

nor very dry, 70/27.

Meane, _s._ means, way, 166, _rubric_; 167, _rubric_.

Measure, _s._ measure, moderation, 147/10.

Meete, _imp. s._ measure, 146/16.

Medle, _v._ to mix, 17/16; medled, _pp._ 2/6, 34/21, 43/1.

Melch kye, _s. pl._ milch cows, 70/21.

Mete, _adj._ even, 138/23.

Metelye, _adv._ meetly, 12/7.

Middes, _s._ midst, 48/7.

Mo, _adj. compar._ more (in number), 58/34; 141/50. A.S. _má_. _See_

Moo.

Moche, _adj._ large, 47/3, 15.

Moderate, _v._ lessen, 44/26.

Molde, _s._ mould, 9/6; moldes, _pl._ pieces of earth, 45/7.

Molten, _pp._ melted, 43/4, 45/7.

Moneth, _s._ month, 93/8.

Moo, _adj. compar._ more (in number), 40/8, 121/20. _See_ Mo.

Moralytes, _s. pl._ moral principles, _prol._ 15.

More, _adj. compar._ greater, 127/4.

More harder, _adj. compar._ harder, 137/13.

More hyer, _adj. compar._ higher, 67/3.

Morfounde, _s._ a disease in a horse’s feet, occasioned by its taking

cold, 100/1. “_Se morfondre_, to take cold, catch cold;”

Cotgrave.

Morteys, _s._ mortise, 3/13, 20, 39. (It is a hole in a piece of wood

made to receive something that can be tightly wedged up in it.)

Mosse, _s._ moss, 131/3.

Mouldywarpe-hilles, _s. pl._ mole-hills, 23/20.

Mountenance, _s._ amount, 58/31.

Mournynge, _s._ a disease appearing either in the tongue or back of a

horse, apparently cancer, 83/1, 87/1, 119/4. See _mourrues_,

_mourue_ in Cotgrave.

Mowen, _adj._ mown, 70/32.

Mowes, _s. pl._ stacks, heaps, 32/3.

Mucke, _s._ manure, 17/2.

Mucke, _v._ to manure, 17/5.

Muck-wayne, _s._ manure-cart, 146/86.

Muldes, _s. pl._ pieces of mould or earth, 41/3, 45/8, 124/23.

Murren, _s._ murrain, 57/13.

Murtheryng, _s._ murdering, killing, 51/6.

Musell, _s._ muzzle, _note_ to 39/9.

Myldewe-grass, _s._ mildew-grass, 54/17.

Myldewes, _s. pl._ mildews, 44/24.

Myllettes, _s. pl._ a disease behind the fetlocks of horses, 110/1.

Mynystratours, _s. pl._ ministers, 165/5.

Nache, _s._ the point of the rump, 57/3. See Old Country Words, ed.

Britten, p. 105. “A big _nach_, round and knotty,” said of an

ox; G. Markham, Husbandry, Of Oxen.

Narowe, _adj._ narrow, close, difficult, 4/26.

Nathes, _s. pl._ naves of a wheel, 5/9.

Nauyll, _s._ navel, 57/6.

Nauylgall, _s._ navel-gall, described as a kind of sore on a horse’s

back, 105/1.

Necessaryest, _adj. superl._ most necessary, 1/4. (Used with _most_

preceding).

Nede, _s._ need, necessity, 44/16.

Nedle, _s._ needle, 142/5.

Nether, _adj. compar._ lower, 5/22, 31/7.

Norfolke, 2/27.

Nose-thrilles, _s. pl._ nostrils, 84/2; nosethrylles, 75/3; _sing._

nosethryll, 85/3.

Nother, _for_ other; an nother, another, 2/19.

Nourysshe, _v._ nourish, 130/24.

Nowe-a-dayes, _adv._ nowadays, 153/5.

Nycked, _pp._ notched, 21/4.

Nyckes, _s. pl._ notches, 4/38, 122/41.

Occupy, _v._ use, 1/5; occupie, 148/10; occupied, _pp._ used, 15/36.

Of, _adv._ off, away from it, 136/12; off, 27/7, 139/19.

Of, _prep._ during, 6/13.

Oke, _s._ oak, 15/7, 24/10.

Oke-settes, _s. pl._ young plants or cuttings of oak, 124/8.

Oke-water, _s._ oak-water, apparently water in which oak-galls have

been steeped, 87/2.

Olde, _adj._ old; the olde of the mone, at full moon, 12/37.

Ones, _adv._ once, 147/28.

Or, _adv._ ere, before, 5/1, 119/8.

Oratory, 165/47.

Orchyarde, _s._ orchard, 122/3.

Order, _v._ determine, 3/41.

Ordeyne, _v._ to order, send, 146/14.

Osyerde, _s._ osier, 130/12.

Otemele, _s._ oatmeal, 14/10.

Otes, _s. pl._ oats, 13/26, 14/1.

Other whyle, _adv._ sometimes, occasionally, 4/16, 48/4, 60/5.

Ouer, _adj._ upper, 5/22, 91/2, 133/14.

Ouerlay, _v._ cover by laying over, 127/41.

Ouermoste, _adj. superl._ uppermost, 131/16.

Ouerplus, _s._ overplus, surplus, 148/8.

Ouer-rechynge, _s._ overstepping, 113/1.

Ouerthwarte, _adv._ across, sideways, 7/21, 112/3, 131/14.

Oughte, _pt. s._ owed, 146/106.

Outragious, _adj._ extravagant, 150/6.

Oxe-bowes, _s. pl._ bent pieces of wood passing round the necks of

oxen, and fastened to the yoke, 5/44.

Oygrane wheate, white wheat, _note_ to 34/23.

Oyse, _v._ to ooze, 111/2.

Pale, _s._ paling, 40/3.

Paper, _s._ paper, 142/4.

Parcels, _s. pl._ parts, divisions, 68/63.

Parchment, _s._ parchment, 142/4.

Pare, _v._ to pare, cut, 124/30, 136/16; pared, _pp._ 136/21.

Partener, _s._ partner, 134/27, 30.

Paryng, _s._ paring, 100/12.

Paste, _adv._ past, over, 13/15.

Pasturnes, _s. pl._ pasterns, 112/3.

Pastyme, _s._ pastime, something to pass or fill up leisure time,

146/47.

Pater-noster, 166/12.

Paule, St. Paul, 153/28, 158/6, 161/8, 169/29.

Payle, _s._ pail, 56/7.

Payre, _v._ to impair, make worse, 97/3; payreth, _pr. s._ spoils,

4/26.

Pease, peas, 10/3, 8. Properly a singular form.

Peeke countreye, country round the Peak, in Derbyshire, 39/16.

Peeke-wheate, _s._ peek-wheat, a kind of poor wheat, 34/41. Cf.

_peeked_, thin.

Pees, _s._ pease, 10/14. _See_ Pease.

Pees-stubble, _s._ pea-stubble, 34/5.

Pelte-rotte, _s._ rot in the fleece, 54/33.

Penknyfe, _s._ penknife, 142/5.

Penne, _s._ pen, 142/4.

Pens, _s. pl._ pence, 54/10.

Peny, _s._ penny, 36/11.

Peny-grasse, _s._ a kind of grasse that never bears a flower, 54/8.

It must therefore be distinct from _Rhinanthus Crista-galli_,

also called _penny-grass_ by some; see Old Country Words, ed.

Britten, p. 37.

Perche, _s._ perch, 30¼ sq. yards, 12/5.

Perfyte, _adj._ perfect, 141/5.

Perseth, _pr. s._ pierceth, 141/8.

Peruse, _v._ to go through with, continue, 131/15; _imp. s._ 124/35;

examine, 40/23; survey, 30/7.

Perysshynge, _s._ piercing, 62/17. See the note.

Peter, St., 155/13.

Peyhenne, _s._ peahen, 146/28.

Peynes, _s._ pains; a disease in a horse’s fetlocks, 111/1.

Pikstaues, _s. pl._ pikestaves (but here used, apparently, of a part

of a cart, possibly the supports of the shafts), 5/23.

Pill, _v._ to peel, _note_ to 55/16.

Plasshed, _pp._ plashed, 127/19. See below.

Plasshynge, _s._ plashing, 124/2. To plash is to lower and close up

a broad-spread hedge, by partially cutting off the branches,

and entwining them with those left upright.

Playster, _s._ plaister, 164/22.

Pleched, _pp._ pleached, plashed, 127/22. _See_ Plasshynge.

Pleytes, _s. pl._ plaits, folds, 151/17.

Ploughe-beame, _s._ plough-beam, 3/2, 9. See note to 3/1.

Ploughe-eare, _s._ plough-ear, 3/5, 42; 4/34. See note to 3/1.

Ploughe-fote, _s._ plough-foot, 3/5, 38. See note to 3/1.

Plough-geare, _s._ instruments requisite for ploughing, 5/45.

Ploughehedde, _s._ the same as the share-beam, 2/10. _See_ Sharbeame.

Ploughe-mal, _s._ plough-hammer or mallet, 3/6. See note to 3/1.

Ploughe-shethe, _s._ plough-sheath, 2/3. See note to 3/1.

Plough-stylte, _s._ the right-hand handle of a plough, 3/21. See note

to 3/1.

Ploughetayle, _s._ the left-hand and longer handle of the plough,

2/23; 3/15, 19.

Ploughe-yren, _s._ plough-iron, iron part of a plough (share and

coulter), 5/2; ploughe-yrons, _pl._ 2/19.

Plowe, _v._ plough, 6/14.

Plowes, _s. pl._ ploughs, 2/1.

Plummes, _s. pl._ plums, 136/4, 140/1.

Plyenge, _pres. pt._ bending, 24/14.

Pockes, _s. pl._ pocks, pustules, a disease in sheep, 49/1.

Pole, 12/5. _See_ Perche.

Polerd wheat, _s._ coarse wheat, pollard wheat, 34/23. So called

because it has _no awns_: to _poll_ is to clip, etc. _See_

Pollard.

Poleyn, _s. pl._ poultry, fowls, 146/21.

Pollard, short-horned, said of a ram, _note_ to 37/6. _See_ Polerd.

Pommes, pumice, 142/4; pomis, 100/6.

Ponch, _s._ punch, 139/9.

Pondre, _v._ to ponder, consider, 153/28.

Poores, _s. pl._ pores, 70/26.

Popeler, _s._ poplar, 130/5.

Potte, _s._ pot; good for the potte, good for boiling, 146/35.

Pottell, _s._ a pottle, two quarts, 44/8.

Potycarye, _s._ an apothecary, 120/8.

Pouertee, _s._ poverty, 147/15.

Pourpose, _v._ purpose, intend, 27/19.

Poynte, _s._ a tagged lace, 142/5.

Practyue, _s._ practice, 4/29; practiue, 141/21.

Predication, _s._ preaching, 154/19.

Prefixe, _v._ to fix beforehand, 157/7.

Processe, _s._ relation, story, tale, 2/29, 120/13; in processe, in

course of time, 127/8.

Profe, _s._ proof, 161/24.

Proferre, _v._ to put into, insert, 138/13.

Profytablest, _adj. superl._ most profitable, 37/5.

Promesse, _s._ promise, 157/16, 21.

Propertie, _s._ method, 12/17.

Prouander, _s._ provender, 23/11.

Proued, _pp._ tried, 141/22, 23.

Prycke-eared, _pp._ with sharply pointed erect ears, 77/1. Cf. the

phr. ‘to _prick up_ one’s ears.’

Pulled, _pp._ gathered, 146/41.

Pursy, _s._ short-windedness (in a horse), 84/1. See _Pursy_ in my

Etym. Dict.

Pursynes, _s._ short-windedness, 87/4.

Put, _v._ push, 70/42.

Pygges, _s. pl._ pigs, 146/89.

Pyke, _v._ pick, 35/3.

Pykforke, _s._ pitchfork, 5/6, 25/4.

Pyl, _v._ to peel, 134/23; _imp. s._ 134/11. _See_ Pill.

Pylate, Pilate, 166/26.

Pyllynge, _s._ strip of bark, 136/22.

Pymples, _s. pl._ pimples, 49/2, 93/3.

Pyn-awgur, _s._ a boring-tool for making holes for pins or pegs,

probably a gimlet as distinguished from a _rest-awgur_, 5/32.

Pynder, _s._ the petty officer of a manor, whose duty it was to

impound all strange cattle straying on the common, 148/25, 39.

Pynfolde, _s._ pound, 148/26.

Pynte, _s._ pint, 58/31.

Pypes, _s. pl._ hollow stalks, 70/9.

Pyrre-stocke, _s._ a pear-stock, 137/10.

Pysell, _s._ pizzle, 56/7.

Pytchers, _s. pl._ pitchers, 141/68.

Quicke, _adj._ alive; waxe quicke, become alive, 91/5.

Quikens, _s. pl._ live things, 55/16.

Quiteth, _pr. s._ requites, repays, 14/13.

Quyche, _s._ couch-grass, 14/17.

Quyche-hey, _s._ hay of couch-grass, 25/21.

Quycke, _adj._ alive, 102/4.

Quycke, _s._ quicke, sensitive part, 115/2.

Quycke-sande, _s._ quicksand, 128/24.

Quyckeset, _v._ make quickset hedges, 123/8.

Quycksettes, _s. pl._ quickset hedges, 124/3.

Rache, _s._ a streak or mark on a horse’s forehead (misprinted _rathe_

in ed. 1534), 68/64. See the spelling _ratch_ in the note to

the line. ‘_Raitch_, a white line in a horse’s face; _Yorksh._’

--Wright. _See_ Rase.

Radel-marke, _s._ a mark made on sheep with ruddle, or red ochre,

52/5.

Raine, _s._ gutter, water-course, furrow between ridges, 13/7; rayne,

7/20. See _Rean_ in Wright, and below.

Ranke, _adj._ rank, strong, 10/10, 12/20; fertile, 17/29.

Ranknes, _s._ abundance, repletion, 101/1.

Rapes, _s. pl._ turnips, 20/9. O. F. _rabe_, _rave_, ‘a rape or

turnep’; Cotgrave.

Rase, _s._ streak, mark, 73/1. _See_ Rache.

Ratch. _See_ Rache.

Rate, _s._ rate, 121/12.

Rathe, _s._ an error, (in ed. 1534) for _rache_, 68/64. _See_ Rache.

Rather, _adv. compar._ sooner, quicker, easier, 46/3, 66/22, 133/5.

Rathes, _s. pl._ frames of wood placed on a cart to make it broader,

for carrying hay, 5/22. (Also called _raves_.)

Raunsome, _s._ ransom, 148/28.

Raye, _pr. s. subj._ have diarrhœa, 41/1. “I _beray_, I fyle ones

clothes with spottes of myer, properly aboute the skyrtes,

_ie crotte_;” Palsgrave.

Rayment, _s._ raiment, apparel, 151/9.

Rayne, furrow, 7/20. _See_ Raine.

Reane, _s._ gutter; furrow between the ridges of ploughed land to

take off the water, 21/15; 33/6, 8, 10. _See_ Raine.

Recheles, _adj._ reckless, 7/8.

Red wheate, a kind of wheat, 34/35.

Rede, _s._ reed, 27/21.

Reduce, _v._ bring back, turn, 7/15.

Redy, _adj._ dressed, 146/8. See note.

Reed, _pp._ shaken in a sieve, so that the chaff collects to one

place, 36/3. “_Ree_, to pass corn through a sieve for the

purpose of cleaning it from chaff;” Wright. See E.D.S. Gloss.

B. 16, p. 89.

Reed, _adj._ red, 49/1, 55/2, 102/3.

Reedwaxe, _s._ red wax, sealing-wax, 142/4.

Regum primo, in the first Book of Kings (Samuel), 165/52.

Reke, _s._ rick, 29/13, 32/5. A.S. _hreác_.

Relent, _v._ to melt, 44/16.

Remytte, _v._ to leave, 7/14; _pr. s._ 1 _p._ I pass over, _prol._ 27.

See note.

Ren ryot, _phr._ to run riot, 148/38.

Renne, _v._ to run, 138/20; renneth, _pr. s._ runs, 54/11; rennynge,

_pres. pt._ running, 44/6.

Rennynge, _s._ running, 85/2.

Reparation, _s._ repair, 5/8.

Repes, _s. pl._ handfuls (of corn, also of beans, etc.), 29/4, 7.

“_Repe_, a handful of corn;” Wright. Allied to E. _reap_.

Repeyled, _pp._ rippled, 146/41.

Reproued, _pp._ reprobate, 144/8.

Rere, _v._ rear, rise, 16/6.

Reson, _s._ reason; of reson, of course, 12/33.

Rest, _s._ a plough-rest, 3/4, 22. See note to 3/1.

Rest-awgur, _s._ perhaps a boring-tool, the head of which _rests_

against a support (?), 5/33. Or, more likely, for _wrest-augur_,

one which resembles a centre-bit, and is _wrested_ round (?).

Rest-balke, _pr. s. subj._ 2 _p._ make a rest-balk, 16/31. See below.

Reste-balkes, _s. pl._ ridges of land between furrows, 4/4.

Retayle, _imp. s._ sell by retail, 134/1.

Rideled, _pp._ sifted, 146/51.

Ridge-bone, _s._ back-bone, 60/12.

Ripeled, _pp._ rippled, stripped, 146/51.

Role, _v._ roll, 15/50.

Ronges, _s. pl._ steps of ladders, rungs, 134/10.

Ronne, _v._ to run, 41/14. (Perhaps a misprint for _renne_, q.v.)

Rote, _s._ root, 127/7; rotes, _pl._ 91/5, 129/10.

Rounde, _adj._ in a rounded form, 33/16.

Rowme, _s._ room, 26/8, 131/10.

Ruddiest, _a better reading for_ rudeste; see _note_ to 34/38. _See_

Rudeste.

Ruddyer, _adj. compar._ redder, 48/11.

Rudeste, _adj. sup._ ruddiest, reddest, 34/38. _See_ Ruddiest.

Rut, _s._ rutting, 37/17.

Ry, _s._ rye, 8/14.

Rychesse, _s._ riches, 156/1.

Rydge, _s._ ridge, 7/20. _See_ Rygge.

Rygge, _s._ ridge; holowe rygge, the hollow between two ridges, 17/11.

Rygge, _v._ ridge, 9/7; rygged, _pp._ ridged, in ridges, 13/2.

Ryggynge, _s._ edging, 13/3.

Ryghtuousenes, _s._ justice, 157/36.

Ryghtwysly, _adv._ righteously, 156/32.

Ryngbone, _s._ a disease on a horse’s foot, above the hoof, 98/1.

Rysen-vppon, _s._ a disease; lit. ‘risen upon,’ swollen up, 61/1.

Ryppon, Ripon, 17/22, 79/11.

Sacke, _s._ sack, 10/26.

Sadelclothe, _s._ saddlecloth, 142/2.

Sacrament, _s._ sacrament, 145/7.

Salesman, _s._ seller, 134/29.

Salomon, Solomon, 157/8, 169/14, 31.

Salue, _v._ salve, anoint, 18/35.

Sandiuer, _s._ scoria of glass, _note_ to 46/3. “_Suin de verre_,

sandever, the fatty substance floating on glasse when it is

red-hot in the furnace, and which being cold is as hard as

stone, yet brittle and easily broken;” Cotgrave.

Sandy, _adj._ sandy (said of colour), 68/74.

Sappe-tyme, _s._ sap-time, 133/22.

Sauegarde, _s._ safeguard, 18/32, 123/37; saue-garde, 35/8.

Scab, _s._ sore place, sore, 42/5; scabbe (in horses), 116/2.

Scabbed, afflicted with scab, 18/8, 42/1.

Scaffolde, _s._ support of a rick, to keep it off the ground, 32/6.

Scape, 2 _pr. s. subj._ escape, 148/43.

Scarce, _adj._ sparing, stingy, 150/2.

Scaresdale, Scardale, a hundred of Derbyshire, 17/21.

Sclatte, _s._ slate, 122/38.

Scote, _s._ privy part of a colt, 101/2. See _colt-evil_, explained

in Markham’s Husbandry, b. i. c. 32. Cf. _sheath_ in Wright.

Scyences, _s. pl._ scions, suckers, 140/2. “_Sciens_ of cherry-trees;”

W. Lawson, Orchard and Garden, 1648, p. 122. See note.

Seame, _used as equivalent to_ a quarter (of beans), _note_ to 12/13.

Sede-forowe, _s._ seed-furrow, 4/37.

Selander, _s._ a disease in the bend of a horse’s leg, 95/1.

Selden, _adv._ seldom, 54/29.

Semeth, _v. impers._ appears; me semeth, it appears to me, 34/12.

Seneca, 161/9.

Senewes, _s. pl._ sinews, 75/3.

Sere, _imp. s._ sear, 63/7.

Serewe, _s._ a disease in a horse’s leg, on the inner side, 96/1.

Serue, _v._ to feed animals, 146/20.

Sethe, _v._ boil, 44/5; _imp. s._ 55/18.

Sette, _v._ to plant, 129/1; _pp._ set, 129/20.

Settes, _pl._ slips set in the ground to grow, cuttings, 124/10.

Seuer, _v._ sever, separate, 53/2.

Seueral, _adj._ several, separate, 6/6.

Seueraltye, in, _phr._ separately, 123/28.

Shaken, _adj._ full of cracks in the wood, 132/11.

Shakyll, _s._ shackle, 15/13.

Shap, _s._ privy part of a mare, 68/22.

Sharbeame, _s._ the wooden frame to which the share of a plough is

fixed, 2/10; sharebeame, 3/3.

Share, _s._ ploughshare, 3/6.

Share-hogges, _s. pl._ yearling sheep that have been once shorn, 53/4.

Shede, _imp. s._ part, 42/4; sheede, _v._ to part, 110/2.

Shedynge, _s._ spilling, 35/9, 70/46.

Shefe, _s._ sheaf, 28/6.

Sheldbrede, _s._ shield-board, 2/23; 3/4, 25. See note to 3/1. And see

below.

Sheldbredth, _s._ the same as _sheldbrede_, 2/17, 23. The form

_bredth_ is corrupt, by confusion of _brede_ (= breadth) with

_brede_ (= board).

Sheparde, _s._ shepherd, 18/24.

Shepe-flekes, _s. pl._ hurdles for sheep, 10/35.

Shepehoke, _s._ sheep-hook, 41/12.

Sherde, _s._ a breach, 141/36.

Shere, _v._ to reap, 26/2, 146/85; shorne, _pp._ 26/3.

Sherers, _s. pl._ reapers, 27/3; sheep-shearers, 52/1.

Sheres, _s. pl._ shears, 41/12.

Shertes, _s. pl._ shirts, 146/45.

Sheryffe, _s._ sheriff, 148/40.

Shete, _s._ a sheet, 122/15.

Shethe, _s._ plough-sheath, 2/23, 3/29. See note to 3/1, and see

Ploughe-shethe.

Sheydes, _s. pl._ partings, 44/17. _See_ Shede.

Shifted, _pp._ moved, 141/43.

Shoke, _v._ to place sheaves together in rows, to shock, 31/2.

Sholynges, _s. pl._ shovellings, i.e. road-scrapings, 17/30. See

_note_ to 16/29-35.

Shorte-pasturned, _pp._ having a short pastern, 75/2.

Shote, _s._ shot, 151/20.

Shotes, _s. pl._ (put for _Slotes_), 15/8. _See_ Slote.

Shotte, _pp._ shot up, grown, 21/19.

Shouell, _s._ shovel, 5/33, 17/14.

Shough, _s._ shock, rough hair on a horse’s foot, 114/3.

Showed, _pp._ shoed, 142/6.

Showynge, _s._ shoeing, 109/4.

Shoyng-horne, _s._ shoe-horn, 142/1.

Shrede, _v._ to cut off the smaller branches of a tree, 132/1; shred,

_pp._ having the smaller branches cut off, 133/2.

Shuld, _pt. s._ would, 128/34.

Sicle, _s._ sickle, 27/14; syckle, 28/4.

Sith, _s._ scythe, 23/15.

Skal, _s._ a scall or scab, 94/4.

Skeyggs, _s. pl._ rough oats, _note_ to 14/15. Doubtless so called

from the long awns; cf. Icel. _skegg_, a beard, Dan. _skjæg_,

a beard, barb, awn. Cf. E. _shaggy_.

Skorfe, _s._ scurf, 116/2.

Skyppes, _s. pl._ baskets, 166/21. Usually _skeps_.

Slake, _v._ to extinguish, 169/14.

Slaue, _v._ to bend down, 133/15 (where it seems to mean tear by

breaking down); to bend, 133/6; to slant, 127/15, 32. Cf.

“I _slyue_ downe, I fall downe sodaynly;” Palsgrave. See below.

Slauynges, _s. pl._ slips, scions, 130/5. Cf. _slive_, a slip,

_slive_, to slice, _slift_, a scion of a plant for propagation,

not cut, but pulled off at a joint; Wright. “I _slyue_ a floure

from his braunche or stalke;” Palsgrave.

Slecketh, _pr. s._ extinguishes, 169/13. _See_ Slake.

Sleues, _s. pl._ sleeves (but in what sense is uncertain), 5/6.

Slote, _s._ rod, thin piece of wood, cross-piece of a harrow, 15/11.

A _slot_ or _slote_ is, properly, a thin flat bar. See Ray,

Gloss. B. 15. See below.

Slote, _s._ slit? (apparently the same as _slyt_ in 3/17), 4/15. The

usual sense of _slot_ is ‘bar.’ See above.

Sloted, _pp._ furnished with _slotes_ or bars, 15/24.

Slote-wedges, _s. pl._ wedges fixed in the _slote_, 4/14. See Slote

(= slit?).

Small, _s._ small part, calf of the leg, 15/8.

Smockes, _s. pl._ women’s shifts, 146/45.

Socle, _imp. s._ suckle, cause to suckle, 38/4; give suck, 146/10.

Socket, _s._ socket, fitted end, 3/47; means of fastening on, 21/8.

Sodeinly, _adv._ suddenly, 2/24.

Soke, _v._ suck, 2/13.

Somer, _s._ rail or support, 5/22. Cf. _Bressomer_; also “_somers_,

the rails of a cart;” Wright. See _sumpter_ in my Etym. Dict.

Sommersetshyre, Somersetshire, 2/9.

Sonne, _s._ sun, 9/5; _spelt_ son, 146/54.

Soo, _conj._ so, provided that, 43/4.

Sophystycallye, _adv._ sophistically, ambiguously, 68/46.

Sorance, _s._ sore, injury, disease, 6/29, 89/1; soraunce, 80/1,

119/1.

Sought, _s._ 57/13. _See_ Longe soughte.

Souketh, _pr. s._ sucks, 39/11.

Souper, _s._ supper, 146/12.

Souse, _s._ pickle, brine, 121/15.

Sowen, _pp._ sown, 12/33, 35; 141/42.

Sowes, _s. pl._ sows, 121/9.

Spade-graffe, _s._ the depth to which a spade will dig, about a foot,

124/33.

Spauen, _s._ spavin, a kind of lameness, 106/1. Also, the place where

spavin appears, 107/4.

Spauen-place, _s._ place where a horse is subject to spavin, 118/3.

Spere, _s._ spear, 142/2.

Sperewort, _s._ spear-wort, a grass, 54/3. “_Flamula_ is the herbe

whiche we cal in englishe _Sperewurte_ or _Spergrasse_;”

Turner’s Names of Herbes. It is the lesser spear-wort,

_Ranunculus Flammula_, as the greater spear-wort, or

_Ranunculus Lingua_, is of larger growth. See _Speerworty_ in

Pegge, Gloss. B. 6.

Spinner, _s._ a spider, _note_ to 54/22. (In Shakespeare.)

Splent, _s._ disease in a horse’s leg, 96/1; 97/1.

Splente, _imp. s._ furnish with splents or laths, 122/9. See below.

Splentes, _s. pl._ laths, 122/10.

Spokes, _s. pl._ spokes of a wheel, 5/9.

Spon, _pp._ spun, 146/42.

Spores, _s. pl._ spurs, 142/2.

Sporte, _s._ sport, 153/18.

Sprede, _v._ spread, 10/38.

Sprot-barley, _s._ sprout-barley, a kind of barley, 13/19.

Sprutteth, _v._ sprouteth, 13/38.

Sprynge, _s._ young wood, shoots, 126/11; 135/4, 7, 27.

Spyndel, _s._ spindle, 103/5.

Spyres, _s. pl._ shoots, sprigs, 20/12. See note to P. Plowman, C.

xiii. 180.

Squecke, _s._ a disease of turkeys, _note_ to 144.

Stacke, _s._ stack, 131/11.

Staffe, _s._ a staff, stick, 41/9; handle, 21/8.

Staffe-hokes, _s. pl._ staff-hooks; sharp hooks fastened to long

handles to cut peas and beans, and trim hedges, 29/3.

Stare, _v._ to stand on end, bristle up, 56/11, 98/4, 111/3.

Starkely, _adv._ stiffly, with difficulty, 65/3.

Staues, _s. pl._ staves, bars, rails, 70/45, 141/48; ‘rough staves,’

3/5, 35. See note to 3/1.

Staunche, _v._ to staunch, stop, 58/32.

Staye, _s._ support, 3/41.

Steeled, _pp._ steeled, 21/9.

Steke, _imp. s._ shut, fasten, 40/14, 165/48; _v._ 167/34.

Stele, _s._ handle, 24/18. A. S. _stel._

Stere, _v._ stir, 16/24.

Sterte, _s._ stalk, 20/23. Cf. _start_ = tail.

Steryngtyme, _s._ time for stirring, 16/26.

Stilt, _s._ the right-hand handle of a plough, 3/4. See note to 3/1.

Stocke, _s._ stock, stem, 136/19.

Stocke-heed, _s._ head or top of the stock, 138/26.

Stole, _s._ stool, 122/17.

Stooles, _s. pl._ stools; but, apparently, part of the gear of a

plough, 5/44.

Stoupe, _v._ to stoop, 21/26; to obey, 41/18.

Stranguellyon, _s._ strangury, retention of urine, 88/1.

“Stranguyllyon, a sicknesse, _chauldepisse_;” Palsgrave. And

see Markham, Husbandry, b. i. c. 30.

Streyte, _adv._ close, 56/17.

Stringe, _s._ string, 142/3.

Strykes, _s. pl._ strikes, London bushels, 12/8. (The measure varied.)

Stryndes, _s. pl._ streaks, 55/2.

Stryng-halte, _s._ string-halt, a twitching lameness in horses, 108/1.

Stubbes, _s. pl._ old roots, or stumps, 127/27.

Sturdy, _s._ ‘the turn,’ _i.e._ giddiness, _note_ to 62 (rubric).

Sturred, _pp._ stirred, 17/8, 141/42.

Sturrynge, _s._ stirring, 4/40.

Styffe-docked, _pp._ having a stiff stumpy part of the tail, 74/2.

Styffe-eared, _pp._ having stiff ears, 76/1.

Stylkynges, _s. pl._ some part of harness for oxen, 5/4.

Styred, _pp._ stirred, 146/108.

Subleuate, lifted up, 165/43.

Suet, _s._ suet, 44/7.

Swarth, _adj._ grassy, _note_ to sect. 8 (ch. 8, l. 30).

Swathe, _s._ a row of cut grass, 23/16.

Sweate, _v._ give out moisture, as cut grass, 23/13.

Swyneherde, _s._ swineherd, 123/16.

Swyngletre, the bar that swings at the heels of the horse when drawing

a harrow, 15/42; swyngle-trees, _pl._ swinging bars to which

traces are fixed, 5/25.

Syde, _adj._ long, trailing, 151/14. A.S. _síd_, long.

Syde-longe all, close beside, 38/7.

Syde-tailed, _pp._ longtailed, 77/3. _See_ Syde.

Syde-wedges, _s. pl._ side-wedges (at the side of the coulter), 4/22.

Sye, _imp. s._ strain (milk), 146/10. “I sye mylke, or clense, _ie

coulle du laict_. This term is to muche northerne;” Palsgrave.

Symbalo, _for_ symbolo, _abl. s._ in the creed, 161/3.

Symylytude, _s._ likeness, 160/9.

Synagoges, _s. pl._ synagogues, 165/21.

Synge, _v._ sing (as land), 10/19.

Syre, _s._ sire (said of a horse), 68/75.

Sythe, _conj._ since, 157/41.

Syues, _s. pl._ sieves, 36/3.

Syxte, _adj. num._ sixth, 75/3.

Tables, _s. pl._ tablets, 141/31.

Take, _pr. s. subj._ lay firm hold of, 126/12.

Tancardes, _s. pl._ tankards, 141/68.

Tarre, _s._ tar, 47/16. _See_ Terre.

Tawed, _pp._ dressed, 146/42.

Tayle, _s._ plough-tail, 3/18.

Tedde, _v._ to spread or turn hay, 25, rubric; tedded, pp. 25/2.

“I _teede_ hey, I tourne it afore it is made in cockes;”

Palsgrave.

Teddered, _pp._ tethered, fastened, 6/17.

Teddynge, _s._ spreading, 25/4.

Tedure, _s._ tether, 147/31.

Tedure, _v._ to tether, 148/14.

Tell, _v._ count, 30/5.

Temper, _s._ adjustment, 4/46; tempre, 4/56.

Tempered, _pp._ adjusted, set, 2/30, 4/3; worked together (as clay),

122/26.

Temporal, _adj._ worldly, 154/17.

Tenaunte, _s._ tenant, 123/31.

Tenaunte, _s._ tenon, 139/6.

Tennes-balles, _s. pl._ tennis balls, 91/4.

Terre, _s._ tar, 41/4.

Terre, _s._ tare, tares, 20/36; ter, 20/4.

Terre-boxe, _s._ tar-box, 41/10.

Thacke, _s._ thatch, 27/20. “_Thacke_ of a house, _chaume_;”

Palsgrave.

Thacke, _v._ thatch, 27/10.

Thacking, _s._ thatching, 27/24.

Thanke, _s._ thanks, 169/23.

There-as, _conj._ where, 33/13, 45/9, 58/9.

Theyues, _s. pl._ ewes of the first year, 53/4. “_Theave_, a ewe of

a year old (Essex); a sheep of three years old (North);”

Wright. See _thaive_, _theave_, in Index to Old Country Words,

ed. J. Britten (E.D.S.).

Thimble, _s._ thimble, 142/5.

Thistyls, _s. pl._ thistles, 20/3; thistyll, _s._ 20/6.

Thopinion, the opinion, 12/37.

Thorowe, _adv._ through, 23/16, 44/10, 128/19.

Threde, _s._ thread, 142/5.

Thresshe, _pr. s. subj._ 2. _p._ thresh, 35/2; thresshen, _pp._ 13/40;

thresshed, _pp._ 10/9.

Throughe, _adj._ passing through, continuous, 96/3.

Thryfte, _s._ thrift, thriving, 129/8.

Thyn-cressed, _pp._ thin in the crest, 78/2. The _crest_ is ‘the

rising part of a horse’s neck;’ Wright.

Tinded, _pp._ furnished with tines, 15/24. _See_ Tyndes.

To, _adv._ too, 2/24, 2/29, 43/5, 148/34, 150/2.

To, _prep._ in going to, 146/16.

To, frequently inserted in imperative clauses; thus, to fel, i.e.

remember to fell, 134/15; to sell, be sure to sell, 134/18; &c.

Togwith, _or_ Togewith, _s._ part of the draught apparatus of a plough

or harrow, to which the swingle-tree was attached, 5/25, 15/43.

Lit. “tug-withe;” cf. “_tug-iron_, an iron on the shafts of a

waggon to hitch the traces to;” Wright.

Tolle, _s._ toll, 146/17.

Tomblynge, _s._ tumbling, 102/5.

Toppes, _s._ tops, 31/12.

Tothe, _v._ furnish with teeth, 24/7.

Toure, _s._ tower, 146/104.

Towels, _s. pl._ towels, 146/45.

Towne-syde. _s._ farm-yard side, 10/11.

Traile, _v._ to drag on the ground, 141/49.

Tree, _s._ piece of wood, 3/9; tre, 3/11.

Trenche, _s._ trench, 124/30.

Tresses, _s. pl._ traces (for drawing a plough), 5/25, 15/42.

Trouse, _s._ the trimmings of a hedge, 38/3, 126/9. “_Trouse_, to

trim hedgings”; Wright.

Tryanglewise, _adj._ in the form of a triangle, 4/34.

Tucke, _v._ to tuck up short, 151/14.

Tuell, _s._ fundament (of a horse), 85/4.

Tuftes, _s. pl._ tufts, 70/3.

Turne, _s._ a disease of cattle, giddiness, 62/28.

Twon, _pp._ twined, 25/32.

Twyche, _v._ to twitch, 108/2.

Twyrle, _v._ turn round; twyrle upon, i.e. turn round by pressing

upon, 55/1.

Twyse, _adv._ twice, 147/28.

Twytches, _s. pl._ jerks, 15/21.

Tyckes, _s. pl._ ticks, small insects, 135/19.

Tyndes, _s. pl._ tines, teeth, 15/26.

Tyne, _v._ to shut, 141/49. A.S. _týnan_.

Tythes, _s. pl._ tithes, 30/13.

Vaine, _s._ vein, 50/11; vaines, _pl._ 70/26.

Valentynes daye, Feb. 14, 137/4.

Vermynne, _s._ vermin (said of noxious beasts), 146/32.

Viues, _s. pl._ “Certaine kirnels growing under the horsses eare;”

(Topsell, 1607, p. 360), 91/1. “_Vyves_, a disease that an

horse hath, _auiues_;” Palsgrave. See _Avives_ in Cotgrave.

Vncomely, _adj._ unsuitable, _prol._ 13.

Vnconuenient, _adj._ unsuitable, unbecoming, unfit, 151/16, 154/16.

Vnderstande, _pp._ understood, 156/27.

Vnder-wodde, _s._ underwood, 131/2.

Vndouted, _adv._ doubtless, 146/48.

Vngiue, _v._ to give out the damp, 25/16.

Vnhappy, _adj._ unhappy, unfortunate, 144/20.

Vpholdyng, _s._ maintaining in repair, 5/38.

Vppe, _adj._ up, risen, 149/8.

Vppe, _adv._ up, 13/8.

Vpwarde, _adv._ upward, 16/17.

Vse, _pr. pl._ are accustomed, 21/29.

Vtter, _adj. compar._ outer, 138/12.

Vttermoste, _adj. superl._ most outward, 4/41.

Waincloutes, _s. pl._ pieces of iron for strengthening the axle-tree

of a waggon, 5/19. On _clouts_, see J. E. T. Rogers, Hist. of

Agriculture, i. 546.

Wained, _pp._ weaned, 135/14.

Waked, _pp._ awake, 146/1.

Wallettes, _s. pl._ wallets, 141/69.

Walnutshell, _s._ walnut-shell, 94/4.

Walnuttes, _s. pl._ walnuts, 136/4, 140/4.

Want, _v._ to lack, 79/12; wante, _pr. s. subj._ be lacking, 164/27.

Warde, _s._ management; harde of warde, harde to manage, 79/4.

Wardens, _s. pl._ large baking pears, 136/2.

Warden-tree, _s._ a pear-tree, bearing large baking pears, 137/3.

Wardropes, _s. pl._ wardrobes, 151/2.

Ware, _s._ ware, merchandise, bargain, 118/4.

Ware, _v._ to spend, 123/23. See Gloss. B. 15 (E. D. S.), p. 72;

Gloss. B. 2, p. 42.

Warke, _s._ work, 6/9, 21/26; warkes, _pl._ prol. 22, 143/11.

Warrybredes, _s. pl._ worms just under the skin, 63/1. “_Wary-breeds_,

or _Warnel-worms_, worms on the backs of cattle within their

skin;” Bailey’s Dict. vol. i. ed. 1735. Cf. “_Warbot_, a worme,

_escarbot_;” Palsgrave.

Wartes, _s. pl._ warts, 118/2.

Washen, _pp._ washed, 122/15; wasshen, 51/2.

Waspes, _s. pl._ wasps, 122/47.

Water-bowes, _s. pl._ smaller boughs or shoots of a tree (probably

from their containing much sap), 129/17.

Water-forowed, _pp._ drained by making furrows, 13/6, 33/5.

Wauerynge, _pres. part._ wavering, 165/42.

Waxen, _pp._ grown, 156/36.

Wayne, _s._ a wain, waggon, 5/6.

Wayne, _v._ wean, 39/5.

Wayne-rope, _s._ a cart-rope, 5/6.

Wayters, _s. pl._ waiters, 152/11.

Weare, _v._ exhaust, 14/16.

Weate, _s._ wet, moisture, 124/22.

Wedders, _s. pl._ wether-sheep, 53/5.

Wede, _v._ weed, 21/2.

Wedes, _s. pl._ weeds, 146/37.

Wedynge-hoke, _s._ weeding-hook, 21/7.

Weike, _adj._ weak, 53/9. Icel. _veikr_.

Were, _pt. s. subj._ would be, 121/2.

Weter, _adj. compar._ wetter, 14/3.

Wether, weather, 18/29.

Wethy, _s._ a willow, 126/3, 130/5, 138/31.

Wethy-wode, _s._ withy-wood, willow-wood, 24/8. [_Not_ osier.]

Weyke, _adv._ weak, 66/10. _See_ Weike.

What-someuer, whatsoever, 168/10.

Whelpe, _s._ a young dog, 41/17.

Whereas, _adv._ where that, where, 6/15.

Whether, _adj._ which of the two, 40/20, 144/19.

Whyted, _pp._ (= thwited), cut, whittled down into shape, 5/25. Cf.

_whittle_ = _thwittle_, a knife; from _thwite_, to cut.

Whyte-thorne, _s._ whitethorn, 124/4, 126/4, 137/12.

Whyte wheate, _s._ a kind of wheat, 34/23.

Wiedes, _s. pl._ weeds, 16/25.

Winowed, _pp._ winnowed, 146/56.

Winter-corne, _s._ winter-corn (such as wheat or rye), 8/13.

Withall, with it, 146/15.

Withe, _s._ withy, 15/13; withee, a twig of willow, 24/15. _See_

Togwith and Wethy.

Withed, _pp._ bound, wound, 15/41.

Wodde, wood, 3/39; woddes, _pl._ trees, 131/1.

Wode euyll, _s._ wood-evil; a disease in sheep, 50/2.

Wolde, _pt. s. and pl._ ought to (lit. would), 3/31; should, ought,

15/35; must, 15/45; should, 21/20, 122/36, 140/6.

Woll, _s._ wool, 42/3, 146/77.

Woll-wynder, _s._ wool-winder, 52/7.

Wonders, _adv._ wondrously, prol. 24. (This afterwards became an adj.,

and was turned into the Mod. E. _wondrous_.) See below.

Wonders, _adj._ wonderful, 11/11.

Wormes, _s. pl._ worms, 103/1.

Wouen, _pp._ woven, 146/43.

Wounden, _pp._ wound, 146/43.

Wowed, _pp._ wooed, 146/109.

Wrapped, _pp._ (probably) warped, drawn out into a warp, 146/43. Spelt

_warped_ in ed. 1598.

Wrethynge-temes, _s. pl._ part of the harness for oxen, 5/4. To

_wrethe_ is to twist; a _team_ is ‘an ox-chain, passing from

yoke to yoke;’ E. D. S. Gloss. B. 2, p. 40.

Wryncles, _s. pl._ wrinkles, 100/7.

Wrynge, _v._ to wring, 146/85.

Wrynkeled, _pp._ wrinkled, 34/43.

Wrythen, _pp._ wreathed, twisted, 31/15, 64/6.

Wyddre, _v._ wither, 21/17, 31/17; wyddred, _pp._ 25/6.

Wyddrynge, _s._ withering, 23/8.

Wydes, _s. pl._ the name of a kind of apple, 130/4.

Wyght, _adj._ active, swift, 76/4.

Wymble, _s._ an auger, 24/8.

Wyndgalles, _s. pl._ wind-galls, swellings or blisters above a horse’s

fetlock, 99/1. “_Windgalls_ are little blebs or soft swellings

on each side of the fetlock;” G. Markham, Husbandry, b. i. c.

57.

Wyndrowes, _s. pl._ rows of grass in hay-making, 25/11.

Yeane, _v._ produce (as a ewe), 37/26.

Yelde, _v._ yield, 10/9.

Yere, _s. pl._ years, 67/9.

Ylle, _adj._ ill, bad, 54/11.

Yokes, _s. pl._ frames of wood to couple oxen for drawing, 5/3.

Yomen, _s. pl._ keepers, 151/1; yomenne, yeomen, 152/11; yomenne _or_

yomen, pawns (in chess), prol. 20, prol. 30.

Yorke, York, 17/22.

Yorkeshyre, Yorkshire, 2/26.

Yren, _s._ iron, 2/2, 3/49; yrens, _pl._ 3/54.

Yren-gray, _adj._ iron-gray, 68/75.

Ysaye, Isaiah, 164/3.

Yues, _s. pl._ ivies, 132/4.

Zelcester = Ʒelcester, i.e. Ilchester, 2/9, 27/17.

STEPHEN AUSTIN AND SONS, PRINTERS, HERTFORD.

TRANSCRIBER’S NOTE

All changes noted in the ERRATA (pg xxxi, after the Introduction)

have been applied to the etext, except for the page header

(Headline) change which is not applicable for this ebook.

Footnote [28] is referenced twice from page 55.

Numerical values in the original (1534) text are in roman format,

usually inside periods as ‘.xxiv.’, but this is not consistent.

Some numbers of the form ‘xxiv.’ and ‘.xxiv’ and ‘xxiv’ have been

left unchanged.

Pg 3: page number ‘16’ for entry ‘=7.=’ moved from the first

line of its text to the last line to be consistent with

other entries.

Pg 4: ‘fol. 32.’ replaced by ‘fol. xxxii.’ in entry ‘=50.=’.

Pg 33: ‘M e-hills’ (in Sidenote) replaced by ‘Mole-hills’.

Pg 76: ‘she wyl not not labour’ replaced by ‘she wyl not labour’.

Pg 101: Pilcrow symbol ¶ inserted after ‘149.’.

Pg 110: ‘Nichil retinet’ has not been changed, but perhaps should be

‘Nihil retinet’.

Pg 120: ‘Ecclus.’ (in Sidenote) replaced by ‘Eccles.’.

End of Project Gutenberg's The Book of Husbandry, by Anthony Fitzherbert