In his early days as war correspondent everything was fresh and bright,
and his letters display the keenness of his observation, especially in
the way in which he compares, with a soldier's eye, the uniforms and
accoutrements of the Italian soldier with those of the troops at home.
The special war dress, adapted to the season (June), was of coarse brown
holland or canvas, with a loose blue-grey greatcoat, and belt at the
waist outside; the cavalry, it being summer time, wore red caps with
tassels in place of helmets; the artillery had short jackets and canvas
trousers. Everything seemed useful and serviceable. But now the critic
comes in, for he writes: "I do not so much like the appearance of the
army when on the march." The rate of march was about one-fourth quicker
than that of our own soldiers, and to keep up this swift pace the men
seemed to be too heavily laden, the greatcoats too hot and cumbrous, and
the knapsacks of calf-skin too heavy. He begins to calculate what a
slaughter there must have been of calves to furnish skins of exactly the
same shade of brown for the four hundred thousand infantry of the
Italian army.
Then, to add to their load, the men's water-bottles, which were
barrel-shaped, were rather larger than those of the British soldier, and
each man also carried a canteen about the same size. They had a blue
haversack well filled, and to crown all, at the top of the knapsack each
man bore the canvas and sticks which form a little tent under which the
Sardinian soldier sleeps during a campaign.
Of course he bore also his rifle, bayonet or sword, and ammunition,
which increased the weight he had to carry; but the tent added immensely
to his comfort, for whereas the British soldier has to pass the night as
best he can, perhaps in heavy rain on wet ground, to wake cold, wet
through, and unrefreshed, with the seeds of rheumatism in his limbs, the
Italian pitches his _tent d'abri_ and sleeps in comparative comfort.
During the campaign in the Crimea Henty often had occasion to note the
magical way in which the Sardinian camp sprang up. The little tents
were pitched, the cooking-places established, arbours were made of
boughs of trees for the officers' mess-tents, and everything assumed a
general air of cheerfulness which contrasted favourably with the camps
of the English and of the French.
In these early days in Italy difficulties were many, and he laughingly
commences one letter by stating that his doings ought to be headed "The
Adventures of a War Correspondent in Search of an Army," for though
battalions, regiments, brigades, and even small armies were on the move,
the difficulty of getting upon their track was supreme. He writes on
one occasion: "We drove through the village" (he was with a companion)
"down to the water-side." Here lay the Po, a wide, deep river, as broad
as the Thames. There was no bridge of boats. How, then, had the
Italians crossed? There was a sentry who looked at them peculiarly, and
who when asked if they could pass over to the other side shook his head.
They explained that they wished to join the camp, where they had
friends, but they could obtain no information. Meanwhile their presence
had been attracting attention, and it was evident that they took Henty's
companion, who was wearing a red shirt, for one of Garibaldi's
lieutenants in disguise. The people were appealed to for information as
to whether the Italian army had crossed there, and at last they managed
to gain the information that fifty thousand soldiers had crossed in the
night. But that was all the news to be gleaned.
At last, however, they got upon the track of the army and well amidst
the fighting that was going on, and he writes to his paper that he
proposes during the next few days to give full accounts of the desperate
encounters between the Sardinian army, aided by the Garibaldians, and
the Austrians, "unless a bullet should put a period to my writing."
But, as stated in another place, where Henty deals with the effect
produced upon an observer by shells and the amount of mischief they do
in the open, a man who has his business to think of in connection with
reporting the movements of an army has not time to think of the risks he
runs, and Henty troubled himself but little concerning the destiny of a
stray bullet. The old proverb says that every bullet has its billet,
the falsity of which statement has been often enough proved in modern
warfare by statisticians comparing the numbers of killed and wounded
with those of the ball cartridges expended during some fight, unless,
indeed, the word billet is taken to include the place where every
missile falls. In fact, when dealing with the firing at Magdala, where
the British infantry made use of the breech-loading rifle for the first
time, Henty criticised severely the waste of cartridges by the men, who,
armed with the new easily-loaded weapon, scattered the bullets, without
stopping to aim, at a rate calculated to leave them without cartridges
in a very short space of time.
Speaking as a practised officer of the Commissariat Department, his
attention was much more drawn to the difficulties in connection with the
task of obtaining enough to eat. As regards shelter and sleep, he was
ready enough to make shift with anything that offered of the former, and
many a time the open sky was his cover, and a blanket or waterproof
sheet his only protection from the rain.
He fared worst, save in the way of sociability, when following in the
track of those gallant, thoughtless Sons of Freedom, the Garibaldians.
On one occasion he and a companion made their way to one of the many
battlefields by the side of one of the Italian lakes, where the ground
that had been defended by the Garibaldians was covered with scattered
trees. Beyond these the hillside was bare, but dotted with huge
boulders of stone, which had been taken advantage of by the Austrian
Tyrolese riflemen, and where they sheltered themselves to pick off the
young patriots.
Down below, the road ran by the shore of the lake, and here the Austrian
column had done their best to cut off the Garibaldians. On passing
through this debatable ground the road rose considerably, and it became
necessary for the two correspondents to practise care lest they should
be mistaken for enemies, for by the side of the road were numbers of the
shelter arbours run up by the Garibaldians, and these were occupied, for
the sake of the shelter they afforded from the burning sun.
Here Henty describes the beauty of the scene across the valley at the
head of the beautiful lake. Full in view were two villages, occupied,
the one by the followers of the great Italian patriot, the other by the
Austrians. The mountain road had been guarded on one side by a low
parapet wall to save it from the rushing storm waters that swept down
from above after heavy rains, and here in two places ominous
preparations had been made in readiness to check any advance on the part
of the Austrians, the parapet being cleared away to form embrasures, out
of which grinned the muzzles of the field-pieces, ready to belch forth
their deadly shower of grape and round shot. Here, too, was a deep
ravine coming down at right angles to the road, offering excellent
ground for a tactician to place his forces to advantage and deal out
destruction upon advancing troops.
Along the side of the ravine ran the road to the Italian village, for
which the two correspondents were making, in the hopes of obtaining food
and shelter. As they passed on they found parties of Garibaldians
encamped along the whole length of the road, and their sentries were
ready to stop farther advance and demand their business and their
passes. These, however, were found to be _en regle_, and they were
allowed to continue their journey to the village, which they soon found
was occupied by portions of a couple of regiments and a battalion of
Bersaglieri, by far the finest and most reliable portion of Garibaldi's
forces.
Henty and his friend, warned by previous experience, had taken the
precaution to carry supplies with them, the said supplies being of the
simplest description, a substance, in fact, which is always welcome to a
hungry man, made delicious by the addition of the proverbial sauce. In
other words, they carried in their satchels portions of the homely
cake-bread of the country, upon which they depended, feeling no anxiety
about obtaining their share of the abundant spring water of the
district.
Thus provided, they had but one trouble, and that was as regarded
lodgings. They went at once to the only inn of the village, to find it
closed. This was discouraging, and they passed on, to find that almost
all the shops of the little place were also closed. Checked by this,
they made for a group of the Bersaglieri, who seemed to be well supplied
with their little thin cigars, the pale-blue threads of smoke from which
curled lightly out in the evening sunshine.
The deeply-bronzed soldiery politely exchanged salutes as the travellers
questioned them about the prospect of finding a resting-place for the
night, the answer to which was: "Have you any bread?"
"Yes," replied Henty. "Well, then," said a Garibaldian, with a smile
which showed his white teeth, "you may think yourselves very lucky,
signori, for we have had none to-day, and though we have had notice that
some will come in this afternoon, it is more likely that it will not."
This was disconcerting; but feeling that they could travel no farther
they determined to persevere, in the hope that something might turn up;
and if matters did prove to be at the worst they still had their open
carriage, which would, at all events, with its cushions make sleep more
easy, and keep them off the ground.
They had given a lift to one of the Garibaldians, and though amused by
their predicament, he laughingly tried to assist them by suggesting that
they should go on, and stop and knock at every door until they found
someone who would give them a lodging. The notion seemed to be good,
and to carry out the Italian's suggestion they drew up at the
best-looking house they could see, and knocked boldly at the door.
This was opened by an elderly priest, who raised his eyebrows in wonder,
and glanced at the carriage and its occupants, and then at the
Garibaldian who was acting as their guide, when an eager conversation
ensued in the soft fluent Italian tongue. The guide, speaking with
energy, explained with enthusiasm that those whom he had brought to
claim the priest's hospitality were two English gentlemen, whose hearts
were in the Italian cause, and who, much interested, had come out on
purpose to see the war; they were weary with their long journey and
sought a refuge for the night--a lodging for which they were perfectly
ready to pay with the customary generosity of their nation.
It was all very flowery, but most effective, for the priest smiled and
bowed and bade them enter, declaring his readiness to place a room at
their service, but shrugging his shoulders as he told with much
gesticulation how he lamented that owing to the exactions of the
Austrians, who had been there only the week before, and many of whom had
been quartered in the house, he had nothing in the way of food to offer
them; however, anything they could procure his servants would cook.
Perhaps it was due to perseverance having been rewarded and to having
gained a lodging that, hungry though they were, they began to contemn
their supply of bread. Surely, they thought, in a village like this it
should not be impossible to find something more tasty, now that fate had
provided them with a cook. So they sallied out, and leaving the more
frequented streets, which swarmed with the hungry volunteers, they
turned down first one lane and then another with no result. At length
Henty, tired by his journey, was beginning to feel a return of the
despondency which attacks a hungry man, when he stopped short, catching
his companion by the arm and holding up his hand, for from a small house
on one side of the lane he heard a familiar suggestive sound, which is
precisely the same in the boot of Italy as it is in some rustic English
county. It was the welcome cluck of fowls, shut up somewhere behind
bars for safety. This promised a prize if negotiation were carried to a
successful issue, and hands involuntarily plunged into pockets, to be
followed by the faint and smothered chink of coin. Money should be able
to purchase poultry at some price or other, even in times of war; if
not, as it was a time of war, and as the two young Englishmen were upon
a foraging expedition in a foreign country, why should they not--
Dark thoughts suggested themselves, and visions of a bright fire and a
browning chicken began to dawn and sharpen the rising appetite, but they
were dissipated at once by the opening of the door, at which they had
loudly knocked. An animated parley commenced with the occupant of the
cottage, the said parley ending at last in the correspondents becoming
the masters of a couple of fowls, whose united ages, by the way, they
found, when they came to eat them, must have been a long way on towards
the age of one of themselves.
But all the same they felt satisfied in their ravenous condition at
having obtained even these world-worn birds at only about five times
their proper price, especially as on returning towards the priest's
house they again encountered the friendly Garibaldians, who had been
less fortunate than themselves.
There was still another drawback, that which comes to a hungry man even
though he has obtained a whole fowl to himself, and this was the waiting
while it was cooked. While this was in process Henty had to try and
curb his impatience by examining the beauty of the scenery. But at last
the repast was ready, and their friend the priest made them up beds, on
which they passed the night in a far more luxurious manner than they had
anticipated.