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DAYS OF THE YEAR.
A POETIC CALENDAR FROM THE WORKS OF
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THE THEATRICAL WORLD OF 1894. By WILLIAM ARCHER, with an
Introduction by G. BERNARD SHAW, an Epilogue by the Author, and a
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EDITED BY WILLIAM SHARP. IN 1/-MONTHLY VOLUMES.
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A SUPERIOR EDITION BOUND IN ART LINEN, WITH
PHOTOGRAVURE FRONTISPIECE. PRICE 2s.
1 CHRISTIAN YEAR
2 COLERIDGE
3 LONGFELLOW
4 CAMPBELL
5 SHELLEY
6 WORDSWORTH
7 BLAKE
8 WHITTIER
9 POE
10 CHATTERTON
11 BURNS. Songs
12 BURNS. Poems
13 MARLOWE
14 KEATS
15 HERBERT
16 HUGO
17 COWPER
18 SHAKESPEARE’S POEMS, etc.
19 EMERSON
20 SONNETS OF THIS CENTURY
21 WHITMAN
22 SCOTT. Lady of the Lake, etc.
23 SCOTT. Marmion, etc.
24 PRAED
25 HOGG
26 GOLDSMITH
27 LOVE LETTERS, etc.
28 SPENSER
29 CHILDREN OF THE POETS
30 JONSON
31 BYRON. Miscellaneous.
32 BYRON. Don Juan.
33 THE SONNETS OF EUROPE
34 RAMSAY
35 DOBELL
36 POPE
37 HEINE
38 BEAUMONT & FLETCHER
39 BOWLES, LAMB, etc.
40 SEA MUSIC
41 EARLY ENGLISH POETRY
42 HERRICK
43 BALLADES AND RONDEAUS
44 IRISH MINSTRELSY
45 MILTON’S PARADISE LOST
46 JACOBITE BALLADS
47 DAYS OF THE YEAR
48 AUSTRALIAN BALLADS
49 MOORE
50 BORDER BALLADS
51 SONG-TIDE
52 ODES OF HORACE
53 OSSIAN
54 FAIRY MUSIC
55 SOUTHEY
56 CHAUCER
57 GOLDEN TREASURY
58 POEMS OF WILD LIFE
59 PARADISE REGAINED
60 CRABBE
61 DORA GREENWELL
62 FAUST
63 AMERICAN SONNETS
64 LANDOR’S POEMS
65 GREEK ANTHOLOGY
66 HUNT AND HOOD
67 HUMOROUS POEMS
68 LYTTON’S PLAYS
69 GREAT ODES
70 MEREDITH’S POEMS
71 IMITATION OF CHRIST
72 UNCLE TOBY BIRTHDAY BK
73 PAINTER-POETS
74 WOMEN POETS
75 LOVE LYRICS
76 AMERICAN HUMOROUS VERSE.
77 MINOR SCOTCH LYRICS
78 CAVALIER LYRISTS
79 GERMAN BALLADS
80 SONGS OF BERANGER
81 RODEN NOEL’S POEMS
82 SONGS OF FREEDOM
83 CANADIAN POEMS
84 CONTEMPORARY SCOTTISH VERSE
85 POEMS OF NATURE.
86 CRADLE SONGS.
87 BALLADS OF SPORT.
88 MATTHEW ARNOLD.
London: WALTER SCOTT, LIMITED, Paternoster Square.
FOOTNOTES:
[1] Magnan, _Annales Médico-Psychologiques_, 1887; Lombroso, _Tre
Tribuni_, pp. 3-9, 16-23, 148-150; Saury, _Études Cliniques sur la
Folie Héréditaire_, 1886.
[2] _Psychologie du Génie_, 1883.
[3] De Renzis, _L’opera d’un Pazzo_, 1887.
[4] _Revue des Deux Mondes_, 1886.
[5] _De Pronost._, i. p. 7.
[6] _Problemata_, sect. xxx.
[7] Horace, _Ars Poet._, 296-297.
[8] _Observationes in Hom. Affect._, 1641, lib. 10, p. 305. More
singular examples in Italy were collected by F. Gazoni, in the
_Hospitale dei folli incurabili_, 1620.
[9] Diderot, _Dictionnaire Encyclopédique_.
[10] _I Mattoidi e il Monumente a Vittorio Emanuele_, 1885.
[11] Magnan, _Annales Médico-psych._, 1887; Déjerine, _L’Hérédité dans
les Maladies Mentales_, 1886; Ireland, _The Blot upon the Brain_, 1885.
[12] _I Caratteri dei Delinquenti_, 1886, Turin.
[13] _Méd. de l’Esprit_, ii.
[14] Lamartine, _Cours de Littérature_, ii.
[15] _Revue Britannique_, 1884.
[16] Canesterini, _Il Cranio di Fusinieri_, 1875.
[17] Plutarch, _Life of Pericles_, iii.
[18] Kupfer, “Der Schädel Kants,” in _Arch. für Anth._, 1881.
[19] Welcker, _Schiller’s Schädel_, 1883.
[20] Mantegazza, _Sul Cranio di Foscolo_, Florence, 1880.
[21] Turner, _Quarterly Journal of Science_, 1864.
[22] De Quatrefages, _Crania Ethnica_, Part i. p. 30.
[23] Zoja, _La Testa di Scarpa_, 1880.
[24] _Sul Cranio di Volta_, 1879, Turin.
[25] Welcker, _Schiller’s Schädel_, 1883.
[26] _Revue Scientifique_, 1882.
[27] Wagner (_Das Hirngewicht_, 1877) gives these measurements of
scientific men of Gottingen:--
Dirichlet Mathematician Age 54 1520 g.
Fuchs Physician “ 52 1499 g.
Gauss Mathematician “ 78 1492 g.
Hermann Philologist “ 51 1358 g.
Hausmann Mineralogist “ 77 1226 g.
Bischoff (_Hirngewichte bei Münchener Gelehrten_) gives the following
measurements:--
Hermann Geometrician Age 60 1590 g.
Pfeufer Physician “ 60 1488 g.
Bischoff Physician “ 79 1452 g.
Melchior Meyer Poet “ 61 1415 g.
Arnoldi Orientalist “ 85 1730 g.
Thackeray Novelist “ 52 1660 g.
Abercrombie Physician “ 64 1780 g.
Cuvier Naturalist “ 63 1829 g.
Doell Archæologist “ 85 1650 g.
Schiller Poet “ 46 1580 g.
Huber Philosopher “ 47 1499 g.
Fallmerayer Historian “ 74 1349 g.
Liebig Chemist “ 70 1352 g.
Tiedemann Physiologist “ 79 1254 g.
Harless Chemist “ 40 1238 g.
Döllinger Physiologist “ 71 1207 g.
The measurement of the cerebral area often gives superiority even to
those men of genius who present a feeble weight. Fuchs had a cerebral
surface of 22,1005 square c. and Gauss of 21,9588; while with the
same weight the same surface in an unknown woman was 20,4115 and in a
workman 18,7672.
[28] _Bulletin de la Société d’Anthropologie_, 1861.
[29] _Die tiefen Windungen des Menschenhirnes_, 1877.
[30] Mendel, _Centralblatt_, No. 4, 1884.
[31] _Ein Beitrag zur Anatomie der Affenspalte und der Interparietal
Furche beim Menschen nach Rasse, Geschlecht, und Individualität_, 1886.
[32] _Bulletin de la Société d’Anthropologie_, 1886, p. 135.
[33] _La Circonvolution de Broca_, Paris, 1888.
[34] _Vorstudien, &c._, 1st Memoir, 1860.
[35] _Le Cerveau et la Pensée_, t. ii. p. 46.
[36] Gallichon in _Gazette des Beaux Arts_, 1867.
[37] Lombroso, _Sul Mancinismo motorio e sensorio nei sani e negli
alienati_, 1885, Turin.
[38] Essay VII., _Of Parents and Children_.
[39] _Lettres à Georges Sand_, Paris, 1885.
[40] Destouches, _Philos. Mariés_.
[41] Beard, _American Nervousness_, 1887; Cancellieri, _Intorno
Uomini dotati di gran memoria_, 1715; Klefeker, _Biblioth. eruditorum
procacium_, Hamburg, 1717; Baillet, _De præcocibus eruditis_, 1715.
[42] Savage, _Moral Insanity_, 1886.
[43] Guy de Maupassant, _Étude sur Gustave Flaubert_, Paris, 1885.
[44] _Revue des Deux Mondes_, 1883, p. 92.
[45] _Revue Bleue_, 1887, p. 17.
[46] _Darwin’s Life_, 1887.
[47] _Genie und Talent._
[48] Fischer, _Æsthetik_, ii. 1, p. 386.
[49] “I am one who, when Love inspires, attend, and according as he
speaks within me, so I express myself.”
[50] Schilling, _Psychiat. Briefe_, p. 486.
[51] Ball, _Leçons des Maladies Mentales_, 1881.
[52] Radestock, p. 42.
[53] _Apologia._
[54] Letter of April 20, 1752.
[55] Verga, _Lazzaretti_, 1880.
[56] Réveillé-Parise, p. 285.
[57] Arago, _Œuvres_, iii.
[58] _Kreislauf des Lebens_, Brief. xviii.
[59] Dilthey, _Ueber Einbildungskraft der Dichter_, 1887.
[60] Lazzaretti, _op. cit._, 1880.
[61] _Des Hallucinations_, p. 30. Recent investigations in hypnotism
show that the hallucination often has the character of real sensation;
that, for example, visual suggestions may be modified by lenses. See
my _Nuove Studii sull’ ipnotismo_.
[62] _Studi Critici_, Naples, 1880, p. 95.
[63] _Souvenirs_, p. 73, Paris, 1883.
[64] _Confessions d’un Enfant du Siècle_, pp. 218, 251.
[65] Introduction to _Essai sur les Mœurs_.
[66] _Siècle de Louis XIV._, 1.
[67] _Dictionnaire Philosophique_, art. Climat.
[68] _Tagebuch_, ii. p. 120.
[69] _Paradoxe sur le Comédien._
[70] Noise had become an obsession to Jules de Goncourt, says his
brother Edmund, in a note to the former’s _Lettres_: “It seemed to
him that he had ‘an ear in the pit of his stomach,’ and indeed noise
had taken, and continued to take as his illness increased, as it
were in some _féerie_ at once absurd and fatal, the character of a
persecution of the things and surroundings of his life.... During
the last years of his life he suffered from noise as from a brutal
physical touch.... This persecution by noise led my brother to sketch
a gloomy story during his nightly insomnia.... In this story a man
was eternally pursued by noise, and leaves the rooms he had rented,
the houses he had bought, the forests in which he had camped, forests
like Fontainebleau, from which he is driven by the hunter’s horn, the
interior of the pyramids, in which he was deafened by the crickets,
always seeking silence, and at last killing himself for the sake of
the silence of supreme repose, and not finding it then, for the noise
of the worms in his grave prevented him from sleeping. Oh, noise,
noise, noise! I can no longer bear to hear the birds. I begin to cry
to them like Débureau to the nightingale, ‘Will you not be still, vile
beast?’” (_Lettres de Jules de Goncourt_, Paris, 1885.)
[71] _Étude sur Gustave Flaubert_, Paris, 1885.
[72] Among the fragments that have been preserved some are of great
sweetness:--
“_Quanto fu dolce il giogo e la catena_
_De’ suoi candidi bracci al col mio volte,_
_Che sciogliendomi io sento mortal pena;_
_D’altre cose non dico che son molte,_
_Chè soverchia dolcezza a morte mena._”
[73] Mantegazza, _Del Nervosismo dei grandi uomini_, 1881.
[74] _Journal des Savants_, Oct., 1863.
[75] _Epistolario_, v. 3, p. 163.
[76] Vicq d’Azir, _Elog._, p. 209.
[77] _Physiologie des Génies_, 1875.
[78] _Science et Matérialisme_, 1890, p. 103.
[79] Brewster, _Life_, 1856.
[80] _Revue Scientifique_, 1888.
[81] Michiels, _Le Monde du Comique_, 1886.
[82] Réveillé-Parise, _op. cit._
[83] Perez, _L’enfant de trois à sept ans_, 1886.
[84] Scherer, _Diderot_, 1880.
[85] _Ueber die Verwandtschaft des Genies mit dem Irrsinn_, 1887.
[86] Bertolotti, _Il Testamento di Cardano_, 1883.
[87] G. Flaubert, _Lettres à Georges Sand_, Paris, 1885.
[88] Delepierre, _Histoire Littéraire des fous_, Paris, 1860.
[89] Réveillé-Parise, _Physiologie et Hygiène des hommes livrés aux
travaux de l’esprit_, Paris, 1856.
[90] Mantegazza, _Physiognomy and Expression_.
[91] Arago, ii. p. 82.
[92] Plutarch, _Life, &c._
[93] Radestock, _op. cit._
[94] Moreau, _op. cit._, p. 523.
[95] _Correspondance_, p. 119, 1887.
[96] _Memorie dell Istituto Lombardo_, 1878.
[97] Letter to Giordani, Aug., 1817.
[98] _Sette Anni di Sodalizio._
[99] B. de Boismont, _op. cit._ p. 265.
[100] Hagen, _Ueber die Verwandtschaft, &c._, 1877.
[101] Roger, _Voltaire Malade_, 1883.
[102] G. Sand, _Histoire de Ma Vie_, 9.
[103] Berti, p. 154.
[104] Berti, _Cavour Avanti il_ 1848, Rome; Mayor, in _Archivo di
Psichiatria_, vol. iv.
[105] Mayor, _op. cit._
[106] _Autobiography._
[107] _Autobiography_, p. 145.
[108] Von Sedlitz, _Schopenhauer_, 1872.
[109] _Letters_, 1885.
[110] _Histoire de Ma Vie_, v. p. 9.
[111] G. Sand, _op. cit._
[112] _De Immenso et innumerat._, iii.
[113] G. Menke, _De ciarlataneria eruditorum_, 1780.
[114] _Revue des Deux Mondes_, 1883.
[115] _Letters_, p. 62.
[116] _Ibid._, pp. 62, 119, 123.
[117] G. Sforza, _Epistolario di A. Manzoni_, Milan, 1883.
[118] _Epistolario_, 3, p. 163.
[119] _Correspondance_, p. 119. 1887.
[120] _Journal de ma vie intime._
[121] _Souvenirs d’Enfance et de Jeunesse._
[122] Amiel, _Journal Intime_, Geneva, 2nd ed., 1889.
[123] Clément, _Musiciens célèbres_, Paris, 1868.
[124] W. Irving, _Life_, 1880.
[125] Verga, _Lazzaretti,&c._, Milan, 1880.
[126] Forbes Winslow, _op. cit._, p. 123.
[127] Forbes Winslow, _op. cit._, p. 126.
[128] _Works_, vol. xxvi. p. 83.
[129] Dendy, _op. cit._, p. 41.
[130] _Correspondance_, vol. ii. letter 9.
[131] _De Factis Dictisque Memorabilibus_, Lib. vi. Cap. 9.
[132] Tertullian, _Apologetica_, p. 46. But see _A. Gellii Noctes
Atticæ_, x. p. 17.
[133] _Wiederbelebung des Klassisch, Altert._, 1882.
[134] Pouchet, _Histoire des Sciences Naturelles dans le Moyen Age_,
1870.
[135] Masi, _La vita ed i tempi di Albergati_, 1882.
[136] Laura had eleven children and Petrarch himself two when he
dedicated to her 294 sonnets. In politics he turned from Cola di
Rienzi to his enemy Colonna and from Robert to Charles IV. (_Famil_,
xix. 1. p. 32). He was too much occupied with himself, says Perrens,
to be occupied with his country.
[137] _Lettres à G. Sand_, 1885.
[138] _Revue Philosophique_, 1887, p. 69.
[139] _Confessions d’un Enfant du Siècle_, pp. 250, 251.
[140] Cottrau, _Lettre d’un Mélomane_, Naples, 1885.
[141] Matthew x. 34-36; Luke xii. 51-53.
[142] Luke xii. 49. See the Greek text.
[143] Luke xviii. 29-30.
[144] Luke xiv. 26.
[145] Matthew x. 37, xvi. 24; Luke v. 23.
[146] Matthew viii. 21; Luke v. 23.
[147] Fiorentino, _La Musica_, Rome, 1884.
[148] _L’Uomo Delinquente_, 1889.
[149] Mastriani, _Sul Genio e la Follia_, Naples, 1881.
[150] _Tra un Sigaro e l’altro_, p. 194.
[151] Max. du Camp, _Souvenirs_, 1884.
[152] Schilling, _Psychiatr. Briefe._, p. 488, 1863.
[153] Zimmermann, _Solitude_.
[154] _Tagebuch_, 1787, Berne.
[155] _Sketches of Bedlam_, 1823.
[156] _Biographie_, by Wasielewski, Dresden, 1858.
[157] Maxime du Camp, _Souvenirs littéraires_, 1887.
[158] Brunetière, _Revue des Deux Mondes_, 1887, No. 706. _Revue
Bleue_, July, 1887.
[159] Maxime du Camp, _Souvenirs littéraires_.
[160] “A une Heure du Matin,” in _Petits Poèmes en Prose_.
[161] Bufalini, _Vita di Concato_, 1884.
[162] _Revue Philosophique_, 1886.
[163] Littré, _A. Comte et la Phil. Posit._, 1863.
[164] W. de Fonvielle, _Comment se font les Miracles_, 1879.
[165] _De Vita propria_, ch. 45.
[166] Byron said, also, that intermittent fevers came at last to be
agreeable to him, on account of the pleasant sensation that followed
the cessation of pain.
[167] “One day I thought I heard very sweet harmonies in a dream. I
awoke, and I found I had resolved the question of fevers: why some
are lethal and others not--a question which had troubled me for
twenty-five years” (_De Somniis_, c. iv.).
“In a dream there came to me the suggestion to write this book,
divided into exactly twenty-one parts; and I experienced such pleasure
in my condition and in the subtlety of these reasonings as I had never
experienced before” (_De Subtilitate_, lib. xviii. p. 915).
[168] “Jewels in sleep are symbolical of sons, of unexpected things,
of joy also; because in Italian _gioire_ means ‘to enjoy’ (_De
Somniis_, cap. 21; _De Subtilitate_, p. 338).
[169] Buttrini, _Girolamo Cardano_, Savona, 1884.
[170] Bertolotti (_I Testamenti di Cardano_, 1888) has shown that this
legend has no foundation.
[171] “I shall live in the midst of my torments, and among the cares
that are my just furies, wild and wandering; I shall fear dark and
solitary shades, which will bring before me my first fault; and I
shall have in horror and disgust the face of the sun which discovered
my misfortunes; I shall fear myself, and, for ever fleeing from
myself, I shall never escape.”
[172] Brewster’s _Memoirs of Sir I. Newton_, vol. ii. p. 100.
[173] Brewster’s _Memoirs of Sir I. Newton_, vol. ii. p. 94.
[174] _Dialogues_, i.
[175] _Dialogues_, ii.
[176] Bugeault, _Étude sur l’état mental de Rousseau_, 1876, p. 123.
[177] _Revue Philosophique_, 1883.
[178] Schurz, _Lenaus Werke_, vol. i. p. 275.
[179] Kecskemetky, _S. Széchénys staatsmänn_. _Laufbahn_, &c., Pesth,
1866.
[180] Costanzo, _Follia anomale_, Palermo, 1876.
[181] Gwinner, _Schopenhauers Leben_, 1878; Ribot, _La Philosophie de
Schopenhauer_, 1885; Carl von Sedlitz, _Schopenhauer vom Medizinischen
Standpunkt_, Dorpat, 1872.
[182] Gwinner, p. 26.
[183] _Memorabilien_, ii. p. 332.
[184] _Parerga_, ii. p. 38.
[185] _Pensiero e Meteore_ in Biblioteca Scientifica Internazionale,
Milan, 1878; _Azione degli Astri e delle Meteore sulla mente Umana_,
Milan, 1871.
[186] Quetelet, _Physique Sociale_, Book iv. ch. i.
[187] Mantegazza, _op. cit._
[188] E. Neville, _Maine de Biran, Sa Vie_, &c., p. 129, 1854.
[189] _Revue Bleue_, 1888, No. 9.
[190] _Viaggio in Sicilia_, vol. vii.
[191] _Epistolario_, 1878.
[192] _Nature_, Nov. 1883.
[193] Réveillé-Parise, _Physiologie des hommes livrés aux travaux de
l’esprit_, pp. 352-355.
[194] Giussani, _Vita_, &c., p. 188.
[195] _Epistolario_, p. 395.
[196] Lebin, _Sur l’époque de la composition de la Vita Nuova_, p. 28.
[197] _Life and Letters_, vol. i. p. 51.
[198] Stopfer, _Vie de Sterne_, Paris, 1870.
[199] Goethe, _Aus Meinem Leben_.
[200] Zanolini, _Rossini_, 1876.
[201] Clément, _Les Musiciens Célèbres_, Paris, 1878.
[202] Alborghetti, _Vita di Donizetti_, 1876.
[203] D’Este, _Memorie su Canova_, 1864.
[204] Gotti, _Vita di Michelangelo_, Florence, 1873.
[205] Milanesi, _Lettere di Michelangelo_, Florence, 1875.
[206] Amoretti, _Memorie storiche sulla vita e gli studi di Leonardo
da Vinci_, Milan, 1874.
[207] W. Irving, _Columbus_, vol. i. p. 819; Roselly de Lorque, _Vie
de Colomb._, 1857.
[208] According to Secchi (_Soleil_, 1875) Scheiner preceded Galileo,
and was himself preceded by Fabricio, though the discovery of this
last was not known until a later date.
[209] Galilei, _Opere_, vol. i. p. 69.
[210] Arago, _Œuvres_, 1851.
[211] Hœfer, _op. cit._
[212] Herschel, _Outlines of Astronomy_, 1874.
[213] Arago, _Notices Biographiques_, 1855.
[214] Atti, _Della Vita di Malpighi_, 1774.
[215] Hœfer, _Histoire de la Chimie_, 1869.
[216] _Briefe an Schiller._
[217] Gherardi, _Rapporti sui Manoscritti di Galvani_, 1839.
[218] Schiaparelli, _Intorno Alcune Lettere inedite di Lagrange_, 1877.
[219] Humboldt, _Correspondance_, Paris, 1868.
[220] _Letters from Humboldt to Varnhagen._
[221] Arago, _Notices Biographiques_, 1855.
[222] Whewell, _History of the Inductive Sciences_, 1857.
[223] N. Bianchi, _Vita di Matteucci_, Florence, 1874.
[224] The catalogue of small planets has been drawn from the _Annuaire
du Bureau des Longitudes_ (Paris, 1877-8). The list of comets has
been taken from Carl’s _Repertorium der Cometen Astronomie_ (Munich,
1864). It begins with the comet discovered by Hevelius in 1672, and
ends with that found by Donati on the 23rd of July, 1864; Gambart’s
comets, already separately enumerated, have been excluded. To keep
the conditions analogous to those of the small planets, all the
comets to which Carl does not assign a discoverer, have been omitted;
this includes such as were expected from previous calculations or
perceived with the naked eye by the general population. All those
that were discovered simultaneously by several observers, unknown to
one another, have, however, been included, for it is not a question
of priority, but of the psychological moment of the discovery. Three
comets discovered in the months of February, May, and December, were
found in the southern hemisphere; they must, therefore, with reference
to season be registered as for August, November, and June, and have so
been counted.
[225] Atti, _Della Vita ed opere di Malpighi_, Bologna, 1774.
[226] _History of Civilisation_, i.
[227] _Études sur la Selection_, &c., Paris, 1881.
[228] _Biographie Universelle des Musiciens_, Paris, 1868-80.
[229] _Histoire des Musiciens Célèbres_, Paris, 1878.
[230] _Dizionario dei Pittori_, 1858.
[231]
Naples 216
Rome 127
Venice 124
Milan 95
Bologna 91
Florence 70
Lucca 37
Parma 34
Genoa 30
Turin 27
Verona 24
Brescia 22
Mantua 19
Modena 19
Cremona 17
Palermo 17
Novara 17
Bergamo 16
Bari 16
Ferrara 15
Padua 15
Pisa 13
Reggio 12
Piacenza 11
Siena 10
Ravenna 10
Vicenza 10
Perugia 9
Pesaro 9
Alessandria 8
Treviso 8
Catania 7
Arezzo 6
Lecce 6
Como 5
Ancona 5
Udine 5
Macerata 5
Caserta 4
Livorno 3
Forlì 3
Messina 3
Rovigo 3
Chieti 3
Foggia 2
Cuneo 2
Pavia 2
Massa 2
Teramo 2
Siracusa 2
Ascoli 2
Campobasso 2
Belluno 1
Catanzaro 1
Avellino 1
Potenza 1
Reggio-Calabria 1
Caltanisetta 1
[232] _La Scuola Musicale di Napoli_, 1883.
[233] See my _Pensiero e Meteore_, 1872, and _Archivio di
Psichiatria_, 1880, p. 157.
[234]
Bologna 262
Florence 252
Venice 138
Milan 127
Rome 100
Genoa 100
Naples 95
Ferrara 85
Verona 83
Siena 73
Perugia 68
Cremona 65
Modena 61
Pesaro 61
Brescia 50
Turin 46
Messina 43
Padua 40
Parma 39
Vicenza 39
Lucca 38
Bergamo 37
Udine 36
Arezzo 33
Ravenna 30
Reggio 29
Pisa 29
Treviso 24
Ascoli 23
Novara 22
Pavia 20
Mantua 19
Forlì 19
Como 17
Ancona 16
Alessandria 15
Belluno 13
Macerata 13
Piacenza 6
Caserta 6
Rovigo 5
Palermo 4
Salerno 3
Lecce 3
Cuneo 3
Massa 3
Catania 2
Livorno 1
Aquila 1
Siracusa 1
[235] The difference with reference to painters is caused by the
numerical weakness of Udine and the superiority of Catania and Palermo.
[236] _Il Censimento dei Poeti Veronesi_, Dec. 31, 1881.
[237] _American Nervousness._
[238] See Sternberg, _Archivio di Psichiatria_, vol. x. 1889, p. 389.
[239] _Statura degli Italiani_, 1874; _Della Influenza orografica
nella Statura_, 1878.
[240] _Étude sur la Taille._
[241] _Démographie de la France_, 1878.
[242] Inhabitants to the square _kilomètre_:--
Seine 3636.56
Rhône 224.40
Nord 213.40
Haut-Rhin 123.00
Pas-de-Calais 108.60
Loire 106.38
Manche 100.20
Bouches-du-Rhône 92.27
Landes 33.80
Lozère 27.39
Hautes-Alpes 23.40
Basses-Alpes 21.90
[243] “Les Antiquités Égyptiennes,” in _Revue des Deux Mondes_, April,
1865.
[244] _Archivio di Psichiatria_, vol. viii. fasc. 3.
[245] Libri, _Histoire des Mathématiques_, vol. iii.
[246] De Candolle, _Histoire des Sciences_, 1873.
[247] Joseph Jacobs, “The Comparative Distribution of Jewish Ability,”
_Journal of Anthropological Institute of Great Britain_, 1886, pp.
351-379.
[248] _Gli Israeliti di Europa_, 1872.
[249] _Archivio di Statistica_, Rome, 1880.
[250] _Die Verbreit, der Blind,_ &c., 1872.
[251] Renan in his _Souvenirs de Jeunesse_ remarks that since Germany
has given herself up to militarism she would have no men of genius, if
it were not for the Jews, to whom she should be at least grateful. But
he forgets Haeckel, Virchow, and Wagner.
[252] One case is known in which parents zealously sought to educate
and favour by every means poetic genius in their son. The outcome of
their fervent efforts was Chapelain, the too famous singer of the
_Pucelle_.
[253] _Hereditary Genius_, 1868.
[254] _L’Hérédité Psychologique_, 1878.
[255] _Biographie Universelle des Musiciens._
[256] Ribot in his _L’Hérédité Psychologique_ refers to French
statistics of 1861 according to which in 1000 lunatics of each sex,
there was hereditary influence in 264 men and in 266 women.
[257] Galton himself remarks that of 31 great families of lawyers
raised to the peerage before the end of the reign of George IV.,
twelve are extinct, especially those which contracted alliances with
heiresses. Out of 487 families admitted to citizenship at Berne from
1583 to 1654 only 168 remained in 1783. “When a grandee of Spain is
announced we expect to see an abortion” (Ribot, _De l’Hérédité_, p.
820). The French and Italian nobility to-day has become for the most
part an inert instrument in the hands of the clergy. And how many of
the sovereigns of Europe yet preserve those ancestral virtues to the
presumed transmission of which they owe in large part their throne and
_prestige_?
[258] Dante, _Purgatorio_, canto vii.
[259] Lucas, _De l’Hérédité_.
[260] Ribot, _L’Hérédité Psychologique_.
[261] Dugdale, _The Jukes_.
[262] _Académie des Sciences_, 1871. Five cases of epilepsy, and
of insanity, two of general paralysis, one of idiocy and several
of microcephaly were observed under these circumstances. The
microcephalic condition which so often appears among the hereditary
results of alcoholism may be understood when we recall the atrophies,
the cerebral scleroses (a kind of histologic microcephaly) which are
so constantly found in the drunkard himself.
[263] Bertolotti, _Testamenti di Cardano_, 1882.
[264] _De Vita Propria._
[265] _Famil_ XIII. 2, XXIII. 12.
[266] Ireland, _The Blot upon the Brain_, 1885, p. 147; Déjerine,
_L’Hérédité dans les Maladies_, 1886.
[267] _Bilder aus mein. Knabenzeit_, 1837.
[268] _Memorie_, p. 341. _I.e._, “The heads of the Taparelli are not
in the right place.” Taparelli was a family name of D’Azeglio.
[269] _Souvenirs d’Enfance_, p. 20.
[270] Meynert, _Jahresber. für Psychiatr._, Vienna, 1880.
[271] Ribot, _L’Hérédité Psychologique_, p. 171.
[272] The same kind of influence may be traced among the insane and
degenerate. A son of Louis XIV. and Madame de Montespan, conceived
during a crisis of remorse and grief, at the epoch of the Jubilee,
was called “_l’enfant du jubilé_,” on account of his condition of
permanent melancholy. A man of talent, subject to attacks of mental
exaltation, had several children, of whom two, conceived during these
attacks, were insane. Déjerine, _L’Hérédité dans les Maladies du
Système Nerveux_, 1886.
[273] _Nature_, Nov., 1883.
[274] _Physiologie du Cerveau_, p. 21.
[275] _Journal of Mental Science_, 1872.
[276] _Correspondance Inédite_, Paris, 1877.
[277] _Revue Scientifique_, April, 1888.
[278] Taine, _Les origines de la France Contemporaine_, Paris 1885.
[279] _Atlantic Monthly_, 1881.
[280]
“_A cui natura non lo volle dire_
_Nol dirian mille Atēne e mille Rome._”
[281] E. Fournier, _Le Vieux-Neuf_, Paris, 1887.
[282] Ch. Nodier, _Les Bas bleus_, 1846, p. 217.
[283] _Voyage en Italie_, Paris, 1880.
[284] Trélat, _Recherches historiques sur la folie_, p. 81. Paris,
1839.
[285] Moreau, _Psychologie morbide_, Paris, 1859.
[286] Marcé, “De la valeur des écrits des aliénés”; _Journal de
médecine mentale_, 1864.
[287] Leuret, _Fragments psychologiques sur la folie_.
[288] _Annales médico-psychologiques_, tome iii. p. 93, 1864.
[289] _Annales médico-psychologiques_, 1850, p. 48; Parchappe,
_Symptomatologie de la folie_.
[290] Tissot, _Des nerfs et de leurs maladies_, p. 133.
[291] _Médecine de l’esprit_, vol. ii. p. 32.
[292] _Symptomotalogie de la folie._
[293] J. Frank, _Pathologie interne; Manie fantastique_.
[294] _Traité des maladies mentales_, 1858.
[295] _Revue Philosophique_, 1888.
[296] Esquiros, _Paris au dix-neuvième siècle--Les maisons de fous_,
tome ii. p. 163.
[297] See Appendix. I regret that in the English edition of my work
it has not been found possible to give a more copious selection from
the poems by the insane which I have at my disposal. For these I must
refer the reader to the original Italian or to the French edition.
[298] See my _L’Uomo Delinquente_.
[299] _Les prisons de Paris_, 1881.
[300] _Diario del Manicomio di Pesaro_, 1879.
[301] Prescott, _Conquest of Peru_, i.
[302] Lieut.-Col. Mark Wilks, _Historical Sketch of the South of
India_.
[303] Mungo Park, _Travels_, i.
[304] Ellis, _Polynesian Researches_, vol. iv. p. 462, 1834.
[305] _La Paranoia_, 1886.
[306] Ludwig II.
[307] P. Regnard, _Les maladies épidémiques de l’esprit_, p. 370.
[308] Regnard, _Les maladies, &c._, p. 390.
[309] Quoted by M. Luys, _Actions réflexes du cerveau_, p. 170
[310] _Revue Philosophique_, 1888, No. 8.
[311] _Annales Med. Psych._, 1876.
[312] Regnard has also touched upon the subject, but without going
into it deeply, in his _Sorcellerie_, Paris, 1887.
[313] _Gazzetta del Manicomio di Reggio_, 1867.
[314] O. Delepierre, _Histoire littéraire des fous_, Paris, 1860.
[315] Regnard, _op. cit._
[316] Ruggieri, _Histoire du crucifiement opéré sur sa propre personne
par M. Lovat_, Venice, 1806.
[317] Frigerio, Letter of November 2, 1887.
[318] _Diario del Manicomio di Pesaro_, 1879.
[319] De Renzis, _L’opera d’un pazzo_, Rome, 1887.
[320] Simon, _Ann. Med. Psych._, 1876.
[321] _Archivio di Psichiatria_, 1880.
[322] Steinthal, _Entwicklung der Schrift_, 1852.
[323] Boddart, _Palæography of America_, London, 1865.
[324] Lombroso, _Uomo bianco ed uomo di colore_, 1871.
[325] _Archivio di Psichiatria_, 1881, fasc. iii.
[326]
“_Un veleno ho preparato_
_Due pugnali tengo in seno:_
_Questo viver disgraziato_
_Finirà una volta almeno_
_T’amerò fino alla tomba_
_E anche morto t’amerò._
_La campana lamentosa_
_Sonerà la morte mia,_
_Ed allor tu udrai curiosa_
_Quella funebre armonia._
_T’amerò, ecc. ecc._
_Una lunga e mesta croce_
_Nella via vedrai passar;_
_Ed un prete sulla forca_
_Miserere recitar_.
_T’amerò, ecc. ecc._”
“I have prepared a poison; I have two daggers in my bosom; this
unhappy life, at least, shall end one day. I will love thee to my
grave, and even when dead, I will love thee still.
“The mournful bell shall sound for my death, and thou shall listen
wonderingly to that funereal harmony.--I will love thee, &c.
“A long and sad _cross_ (_i.e._, procession) thou shalt see passing
along the road, and a priest standing by the gallows, reciting the
Miserere.--I will love thee, &c.”
[327] “Paranoia: A Study of the Evolution of Systematized Delusions of
Grandeur,” in _American Journal of Psychology_, May, 1888, and May,
1889.
[328] Hécart, _op. cit._
[329] Magnan.
[330] Simon.
[331] Delepierre.
[332] Vasari, _Vite dei pittori celebri_.
[333] Clément, _Les musiciens célèbres_, Paris, 1878.
[334] “_Voci alte e fioche e suon di man con elle_” (Dante, _Inf._
iii. 27.)
[335] Cato, _De Re Rustica_.
[336] _Essays_, vol. ii. pp. 401, &c.
[337] My attention was called many years ago to the frequent
occurrence of insanity among great musicians by Dr. Arnaldo Bargoni,
and afterwards by Mastriani, of Naples, in an excellent article in
_Roma_, 1881.
[338] Jasnot, _Vérités positives_, 1854.
[339] _Les fous littéraires_, p. 51.
[340] See _Tre Tribuni_, 1887.
[341]
“Always mistress or slave--a foe to thine own children.”
[342] “_Il se trouvait là des philosophes plus forts que Leibnitz,
mais sourdsmuets de naissance, ne pouvant produire que les gestes
de leurs idées et pousser des arguments inarticulés; des peintres
tourmentés de faire grand, mais qui posaient si singulièrement un
homme sur ses pieds, un arbre sur ses racines, que toits leurs
tableaux ressemblaient à des vues de tremblements de terre ou à des
intérieurs de paquebots un jour de tempête. Des musiciens inventeurs
de claviers intermédiaires, des savants à la façon du docteur Hitisch,
de ces cervelles bric-à-brac, où il y a de tout mais où l’on ne trouve
rien, à cause du désordre, de la poussière, et aussi parceque tous
les objets sont cassés, incomplets, incapables du moindre service_”
(Daudet, _Jack_).
[343] Delepierre, _Littérateur des fous_.
[344]
_Staccar potessi i due concetti uniti_
_Di me ed empio. Io giusto. Empio è Satana._
[345] Delepierre, _op. cit._
[346] “_Lève ce chef d’ici, je crains que ce chef prive de chef les
miens par un nouveau méchef._”
[347] Philomneste, _Les fous littéraires_, 1881.
[348] “Have you ever noticed,” writes Daudet (_Jack_, ii. 58),
speaking of mattoids, whom he called _les ratés_, “how these people
seek each other in Paris, how they are attracted to each other, how
they group themselves with their grievances, their demands, their idle
and barren vanities? While, in reality, full of mutual contempt, they
form a Mutual Admiration Society, outside which the world is a blank
to them.”
[349] “_Mais parmi ces groupes tapageurs qui s’en allaient frédonnant,
déclamant, discutant encore, personne ne prenait garde au froid
sinistre de la nuit ni au brouillard humide qui tombait. A l’entrée
de l’avenue, on s’aperçut que l’heure des omnibus était passée. Tous
ces pauvres diables en prirent bravement leur parti. La chimére
aux écailles d’or éclairait et abrégeait leur route, l’illusion
leur tenait chaud, et répandus dans Paris désert, ils se tournaient
courageusement aux misères obscures de la vie._
“_L’art est un si grand magicien! Il crée un soleil qui luit pour tous
comme l’autre, et ceux qui s’en approchent, même les pauvres, même
les laides, même les grotesques, emportent un peu de sa chaleur et
de son rayonnement. Ce feu du ciel imprudemment ravi, que les ratés
gardent au fond de leurs prunelles, les rend quelquefois redoutables,
le plus souvent ridicules, mais leur existence en reçoit une sérénité
grandiose, un mépris du mal, une grâce à souffrir que les autres
misères ne connaissent pas_” (Daudet, _Jack_, i. p. 3).
[350] “_Toute une littérature est née de mon_ Insecte _et de mon_
Oiseau.--_L_’Amour _et la_ Femme _restent et resteront, comme ayant
deux bases, l’une scientifique, la nature même,--l’autre morale, le
cœur des citoyens_....
“_J’ai défini l’histoire une résurrection.--C’est le titre le plus
approprié à mon 4 volumes...._
“_En 1870, dans le silence universel, seul, je parlai. Mon livre fait
en 40 jours fut la seule défense de la patrie...._”
[351] He studies, as an important document, the journal of Louis
XIV.’s digestion, and divides his reign into two periods--before and
after the fistula. In the same way Francis I.’s reign is divided into
the periods before and after the abscess. Conclusions of the following
kind abound:--
“_De toute l’ancienne monarchie, il ne reste à la France qu’un nom,
Henri IV.; et deux chansons_ Gabrielle _et_ Marlborough.”
[352] Pp. 119, 120, 121.
[353] Sbarbaro, _e.g._, in the midst of numberless absurdities, wrote:
“The man who feels no hatred for the foul and unjust things which
cumber our social life is the false phantom of a citizen, a eunuch in
heart and mind” (Forche, 21).
“Parliamentary systems do not work well, since they do not allow of
the best being at the top, and nonentities at the bottom” (Forche, 3).
This, however, is borrowed from Machiavelli’s _Decades_.
“If you call me a malcontent,” he said to the Council of Public
Instruction, “you do me honour: progress is due to rebels and
malcontents. Christ Himself was a rebel and an agitator.”
[354] _Revue politique et littéraire_, 1888, No. 1.
[355] We have seen that a love of symbolism is one of the
characteristics of monomaniacs.
[356] M. Jules Tellier has not inaptly called him, in Victor Hugo’s
style, “_l’homme-frisson_.”
[357] _Responsibility in Mental Disease_, p. 47.
[358] Knutzen, of Schleswig, in 1674, preached that there was
neither God nor devil, that priests and magistrates were useless and
pernicious, that marriage was unnecessary, that man ended with death,
and that every one ought to be guided by his own inner consciousness
of right. For this reason he gave to his disciples the name of the
_Conscientarii_, garnishing his discourses with grotesque quotations.
He went about begging and preaching in strange garments. It is not
known what became of him after 1674. His writings are _Epistola amici
ad amicum_, _Schediasma de lacrimis Christi_, &c.
[359] _Responsibility_, p. 53.
[360] _Revue des Deux Mondes_, 1880.
[361] Dubois, _People of India_, p. 360.
[362] 1 Samuel xxi. 14, 15.
[363] Ibid., xix. 9, 10, 23.
[364] Ibid., xix. 24.
[365] Berbrugger, _Exploration Scientifique de l’Algérie_, 1855.
[366] _Western Barbary_, p. 60.
[367] _Travels_, p. 133.
[368] Beck, _Allegemeine Schilderung des Othom. Reiches._, p. 177.
[369] Ibid., p. 529.
[370] Ida Pfeiffer, _Voyage_, vols. v., vi.
[371] Medhurst, _State and Prospects_, London, 1838, p. 75.
[372] Cook, _Voyages_, vol. ii. p. 19.
[373] Vol. iv. p. 49.
[374] D’Orbigny, _L’Homme Américain_, ii. p. 92.
[375] Müller, _Geschichte der Urreligion_, Basle, 1853.
[376] _Revue Scientifique_, 1887.
[377] See my _Tre Tribuni_, 1887.
[378] Ideler, _Versuch einer Theorie des Wahnsinnes_, p. 236 (1842).
[379] Hecker, _Tanzmanie_, Berlin, 1834, p. 120. Traces exist even
to-day, as at Echternach, in Luxembourg.
[380] _Pensiero e Meteore_, 1878, p. 129.
[381] _Archivio di Psichiatria_, 1880, Fasc. ii.
[382] Nasse, _Zeitschrift_, 1814, i. p. 255.
[383] _Versuch_, i. p. 274.
[384] _Swedenborg_, by M. de Beaumont-Vassy, 1842; Mattei, _Em. de
Swedenborg, sa vie_, 1863.
[385] Mayor, _Madame de Krüdener_, Turin, 1884.
[386] See Macaulay, _History_, vol. ii.
[387] Bonghi, _Vita di S. F. d’Assisi_, 1885.
[388] Bonghi.
[389] _Archiv für Psychiatrie_, 1881.
[390] Villari, _Vita di Savonarola_, pp. 11, 304.
[391] _De Veritate Prophetica_, 1497.
[392] Villari, p. 406.
[393] Villari, ii. p. 408.
[394] See Perrens, _E. Marcel_, 1880; _Démocratie en France dans le
Moyen Age_, 1875.
[395] Letter to Charles IV. Document 33 in Papencordt.
[396] “_Invidia e fuoco._” Thus the anonymous historian, and Zeffirino
Re. Muratori reads _juoco_, “gaming,” but not even thus can the
sentence be explained; for it was certainly other vices than envy and
gambling that were consuming the nobility of those days.
[397] Even after the first _plébiscite_, Stefano Colonna, in opposing
him, said, “If this madman makes me angry, I will have him thrown from
the Capitol” (p. 349).
[398] See Papencordt, _Cola di Rienzi_, 1844; Gregorovius, _Geschichte
der Stadt Rom_, vi. p. 267.
[399] Papencordt.
[400] _Life_, i. 32.
[401] _Ibid._, i. 17.
[402] Papencordt, doc. 83.
[403] See letter to Fra Michele.
[404] Hoxemio, _De actis pontif._, vols. ii. and iii.
[405] Muratori, _Cronaca Estense_, xviii. p. 409.
[406] Chronaca, p. 140.
[407] Book x.
[408] Gregorovius, vol. vi. p. 294.
[409] “He said that they had bewitched him in prison” (Anonimo).
[410] Even within a few months from his first assumption of the
tribunate he became “addicted to rich food, and began to multiply
suppers, banquets, and revels of divers meats and wines. About the end
of December he began to grow stout and ruddy, and eat with a better
appetite” (Anonimo, p. 92).
[411] Gaye, _Carteggio inedito d’artisti_, Florence, 1839; Hoxemio,
_Qui Gesta Pontificum_, &c., &c., Leodii, 1822, ii. pp. 272-514;
Papencordt, _Cola di Rienzi_, Hamburg, 1847; Hobhouse, _Historic
Illustrations of Childe Harold_, 1818; De Sade, _Mémoires de
Pétrarque_, iii.
[412] Even in the autograph MSS. we find _cotidie_ for _quotidie_;
_Capitalo_ for _Capitolis_; _patrabantur_ for _perpetrabantur_;
_speraverim_ for _spreverim_; _michi_ for _mihi_. I have already noted
the strange blunder of explaining the _Pomærium_--the district between
the inner and outer walls of Rome--by “the _garden of Italy_.” All
this indicates a scholarship which was neither very full nor very
accurate. As to his caligraphy, there is nothing particular to remark.
[413] Among his vagaries, we have already noted that of crowning
himself with seven crowns. In his seals there were seven stars and
seven rays, which, under the second Tribunate, became eight.
[414] Monomaniacs while remaining constant to a fixed erroneous idea,
vary, to a degree which amounts to contradiction, in the accessory
details. It is thus that I explain the fact that, in his second
tribunate he claimed to be the son, not of the emperor, but of a
bastard of his. There has been found, near the Ponte Senatorio, in
excavating the ruins of a building, restored apparently by Rienzi,
this inscription dictated by him--according to Gabrini--in order to
publish to the world his disgraceful delusion: “Nicolaus, Tribunus,
Severus, Clemens, Laurentii, Teutonici filius, Gabrinius, Romae
Senator,” with a timid allusion to a German, who was not Henry, but an
illegitimate son of his (Gabrini, _Osservazioni storico-critiche sulla
Vita di Rienzi_, 1706, p. 96).
[415] Anonimo, p. 92.
[416] See for other proofs my _Tre Tribuni_, 1887.
[417] P. C. Falletti, _Del carattere di Fra Tommaso Campanella_,
Turin, 1889; _Rivista Storica Italiana_, vol. vi. fasciculo 2;
Amabile, _Fra T. Campanella e la sua congiura_, Naples, 1882; _Fra T.
C. nei Castelli di Napoli_, &c., vol. ii.; _Fra T. Pignatelli e la
sua congiura_, 1887; Berti, _Lettere inedite di T. Campanella_, 1878;
Idem, _Nuovi documenti su Campanella_, 1881.
[418] Abbé Saglier, _Vie de Saint Jean de Dios_; M. duCamp, _La
Charité à Paris_, 1885.
[419] It is a curious point, that all these saints (Lazzaretti,
Loyola, &c.) began by leading a wild life.
[420] Maxime du Camp, _Souvenirs Littéraires_, 1882 (2nd ed.)
[421] See the paper on David Lazzaretti, by Nocito and Lombroso, in
the _Archivio di Psichiatria_, 1881, vol. i. fasc. ii. iii.; Verga,
_Lazzaretti e la pazzia sensoria_, Milan, 1880; Caravaggio, _Inchiesta
e Relazione su Arcidosso_, 1878, _Gazzetta Ufficiale_, for October 1,
No. 321.
[422] _Signes physiques des manies raisonnantes_, 1876.
[423] Verga, _Lazzaretti_, 1880.
[424] At Pesaro I had under my care several nuns from Roman convents,
whose language I never heard surpassed in obscene blasphemy. I have
also attended exceedingly devout Jews, whose first symptom was the
wish to be baptised, and who, immediately after their recovery, became
more orthodox than before.
[425] Deposition of the witness Vichi.
[426] His first arrest took place in the island of Monte Cristo, for
preaching sedition among the fishermen. Thence, he was transferred to
Orbetello (see Verga, _Su Lazzaretti e la follia sensoria_, 1880).
[427] Nocito and Lombroso, Davide Lazzaretti (_Archivio di
Psichiatria_, 1880, ii. Turin). In this article are detailed the
causes of the error into which the experts fell--an error which cost
the country an enormous expenditure and several human lives.
[428] _Lo Statute Civile del Regno Pontificio in Italia._
[429] See Lombroso, _Remarks on the Passanante Trial_, 1876, pp. 16,
17.
[430] Esquirol mentions a madwoman who said to him, “I have not the
courage to kill myself; I must kill some one else, so that I can die.”
She attempted the life of her daughter.
[431] In spite of all this, six Italian mental specialists have
declared Passanante free from all suspicion of insanity; and he is
still confined in a convict prison.
[432] See, for further details, _Archivio di Psichiatria_, vol. iv.
[433] _Las Neurosis de los Hombres celebres en la Historia Argentina_,
by José Maria Ramon Mejia, Buenos Ayres, 1878.
[434] _De Vita Propria._
[435] Schurz, ii.
[436] _Ibid._, p. 283.
[437] January, 1765.
[438] Of 45 insane writers referred to by Philomneste (_op. cit._)
there were--15 who devoted themselves to poetry, 12 to theology, 5 to
prophecy, 3 to autobiography, 2 to mathematics, 2 to mental pathology,
2 to politics. Poetry predominates for the reason above given, while,
on the other hand, theology, philosophy, and the like are more
prominent in the mattoids.
[439] Page 200.
[440] He declares that musk reminds him of scarlet and gold, and
describes “perfumes which have the smell of infants’ flesh, or of the
dawn,” &c., &c.
[441] Manso, _Vita_, p. 249.
[442] Du Vin, i. 1880.
[443] Schurz, i. 328.
[444] _Kreisler_ is, like himself, full of strange ideals, always at
war with reality, and ends by becoming insane.
[445]
“_Francesco, inferma, entro le membra inferme_
_Ho l’anima._”
[446] _Epistolario_, iii. 1.
[447] “Mad Nat Lee,” who was for a long time an inmate of Bedlam,
minutely describes the insanity of genius in his poems; _e.g._, in
_Cæsar Borgia_:--
“Like a poor lunatic that makes his moan,
And, for a while, beguiles his lookers-on,
He reasons well. His eyes their wildness lose,
He vows his keepers his wronged sense abuse,
But if you hit the cause that hurts his brain,
Then his teeth gnash, he foams, he shakes his chain.”
See Winslow, _Obscure Diseases of the Brain_, p. 210, London, 1863.
See also the chapter “On the Art of Insanity,” for proofs of a like
tendency on the part of insane painters.
[448]
“_Vi son dei giorni che il mio cor vien meno_
_E il fango mi conquista._”
[449]
“_Venga l’obbrobrio--dell’uomo sobrio;_
_Venga il disprezzo del genere umano;_
_Venga l’inferno--del Padre Eterno;_
_Vi scenderò col mio bicchiere in mano._”
[450] See Dilthey, _Dichterische Einbildungskraft und Wahnsinn_,
Leipzig, 1886.
[451] Letter from Edmond de Goncourt to Emile Zola (_Lettres de Jules
de Goncourt_, Paris, 1885).
[452] Déjerine, _De l’Hérédité dans les Maladies_, 1886; Ribot, _De
l’Hérédité_, 1878; Ireland, _The Blot upon the Brain_, 1885.
[453] See Part II., pp. 126-132. I must rectify a mistake I have made
in not assigning sufficient importance to the influence of race in
France. In fact, in revising my studies on a large scale, I find that
the departments peopled by the Belgio-Germanic race yield the maximum
proportion of geniuses as 40 per cent., while the Celtic departments
yielded only 13·5 per cent., and the Iberian 20 per cent.
[454] T. Gautier, according to the Goncourts, often declared that
he could not--on account of his youth--convince himself that he was
really the father of his daughter (_Journal des Goncourt_, 1888). “La
Fontaine was not far removed from a bad man,” says Bourget. “What are
we to think of a husband who deserts his young wife and his child,
without any motive whatever?” Stendhal (Beyle) hated his father and
was hated by him; he always declared his invincible repugnance towards
compulsory family affection (Bourget, _Essais de Psychologie_, p.
310). “I consecrated myself to grief for her,” wrote Chateaubriand of
Pauline de Baumont. “ ... She had not been dead six months, when her
place was filled in my heart” (_Ibid._).
[455] _Revue Littéraire_, Aug. 15, 1887, No. 3.
[456] Lombroso, _Delitti politici_, 1890.
[457] _Correspondance_, 1889, p. 538.
[458] Feeri, _Nuova Antologia_, 1889.
[459] See _Archivio di Psichiatria_, vol. ii.; _L’Uomo Delinquente_,
part iii.
[460] _Encéphale_, No. 5, 1887.
[461] See the table in Déjerine, _op. cit._
[462] Mahomet had a strange fondness for his monkey; Richelieu for
his squirrel; Crébillon, Helvetius, Bentham, Erskine, for cats--the
latter also for a leech. Schopenhauer was very fond of dogs, and named
them his heirs; and Byron had a regular menagerie of ten horses, eight
dogs, three monkeys, five cats, five peacocks, an eagle, and a bear.
Alfieri had a passion for horses. (Smiles, _op. cit._)
[463] _Le Epilessie_, p. 19, Turin, 1880.
[464] Shenstone, Darwin, Swift, and Walter Scott were subject to
giddiness (Smiles).
[465] See _L’Uomo Delinquente_, part iii. p. 623.
[466] “There is a fatality,” says Goncourt, “in the first chance which
suggests your idea. Then there is an _unknown force_, _a superior
will_, a sort of necessity of writing which command your work and
guide your pen; so much so, that sometimes the book which leaves your
hands does not seem to have come out of yourself; it astonishes you,
like something which was in you, and of which you were unconscious.
That is the impression which _Sœur Philomène_ gives me” (_Journal des
Goncourt_, Paris, 1888). Even Buffon, who had said that invention
depends on patience, adds, “One must look at one’s subject for a long
time; then it gradually unfolds and develops itself; you feel a slight
electric shock strike your head and at the same time seize you at the
heart; that is the moment of genius.”
[467] Evidently the author himself.
[468] Dostoïeffsky, _Besi_, Paris.
[469] _Archivio di Psichiatria_, ix. 1., p. 89.
[470] Taine, _Revue des Deux Mondes_--Dec. 1886, and Jan. 1887.
[471] Renan, in _Les Apôtres_.
[472] Renan.
[473] Tonnini, _Epilessie_, 1886; _Archivio di Psichiatria_, 1886.
[474] _Les Hystériques_, Paris, 1883.
[475] Vinson, _Les religions actuelles_, 1884; Luke ii. 49; Matt. xii.
48; Mark iii. 33.
[476] Anfosso, _La Légende religieuse au moyen-âge_, 1887.
[477] On altruism in moral insanity and epilepsy, see _L’Uomo
Delinquente_, pp. 556, 557. We have seen St. Francis love even the
stars, the water, the fire, &c., and--abandon his family!
[478] Lombroso, _Studii sull’ipnotismo_, 3rd ed.; Azam, _Hypnotisme,
Double Conscience_; Beaunis, _Le somnambulisme provoqué, La suggestion
mentale_; Drs. H. Bourru and P. Burot, Dugay, Richet, Janet, _Revue
Philosophique_, 1884-89; Krafft-Ebing, _Ueber den Hypnotismus_,
1889; Jendrassik, _Ueber die Suggestion_, 1887; Binet and Feré, _La
Polarisation_, 1885; Ibid., _Le magnétisme animal_; Beard, _Nature and
Phenomena of Trance_, New York, 1880; Lombroso and Ottolenghi, _Nuovi
Studii sull’ipnotismo_, 1890, and _Sulla Transmissione del Pensiero_,
1891.
[479] _Revue Littéraire_, 1887.
[480] _Michelangelo Buonarroti; Epistolario, publicato da G.
Milanese._ 1888.
[481] _Michelangelo Buonarroti, di F. Parlagreco_, 1888.
[482] _Life and Letters of Charles Darwin_, 1888.
[483] _Life and Letters of Charles Darwin_, vol. i. p. 149.
[484] _Letters_, vol. i.
[485] Quoted by Parant. Regnard, _Sorcellerie_, 1887.
[486] Regnard, _Sorcellerie_, 1887.
[487] _Ibid._