The Peruvian Corporation Railway--The Land of the Incas--Lake
Titicaca--Bolivia--Chile--The Argentine--A Last Narrow
Escape--Back in England
LIMA is a beautiful city, as everybody knows. Its wonderful churches, its
clean streets, its commerce, the great charm of the people--indeed, the
Peruvians are the most cultivated and polished people in South America,
and the women the most beautiful--make it one of the most attractive
cities I visited on that continent.
I was, nevertheless, anxious to return quickly to Europe. I had no
strength left. The mental strain on that long journey had been so great
that I had lost my memory altogether.
Owing to the great kindness of the British Minister, Mr. C. des Graz, and
of Mr. Mockill, the chief of the Peruvian Corporation at Lima,
arrangements were made for me to travel in luxurious comfort through the
country of the Incas--so that, although terribly exhausted, I decided to
take a further journey in the interior of Peru, Bolivia, and Chile.
[Illustration: Where a Stone Fight took place in the Inca Country.
(Notice the innumerable rocks which have been thrown down the hill from
the high Inca structure.)]
[Illustration: Entrance to Inca Subterranean Passages.]
I left Lima five days after my arrival, on February 5th, going by steamer
to the port of Mollendo, where I arrived on February 7th. There I met the
railway line of the Peruvian Corporation from the sea coast to
Arequipa and Cuzco. A magnificent private car had been placed at my
disposal by the Peruvian Corporation, in which I was able to make myself
comfortable for the several days which the journey lasted. Not only so,
but the Peruvian Corporation kindly looked after my welfare in a most
thoughtful way during the whole time I travelled on their line, for which
I am indeed extremely grateful, as the travelling in that country would
have otherwise been less pleasant.
The railroad from Mollendo went along the coast among curious eroded
rocks of great interest; then gradually left the sea among sand-dunes and
mounds upon the wide beach.
As the railway began to get higher and higher upon the steep gradient the
scenery became more and more beautiful. Presently we found ourselves
overlooking a wonderful flat valley between two high hill ranges in
lovely green patches, cut with geometrical precision, and well
cultivated. Giant cacti of the candelabrum type were plentiful. Farther
on we got upon an elevated plateau with a white surface of pumice-stone,
followed by red volcanic sand--an immense stretch of country surrounded
by low hills of grey tufa and red volcanic rock.
Beyond that we came to a most interesting region of sand-dunes of
extraordinary shapes, where the under soil was of a brilliant red, while
the sand accumulations were of a grey colour. Some of the dunes were
crescent-shaped. They stood usually in sets or rows extending from
north-west to south-east. Then there were high mounds, also of sand, and
dunes of all kinds, some with a double crescent, or with the inside of
the crescent much indented, others with multiple concave curves. The
concavity of all those dunes was on the north-east side.
I had seen a similar formation of dunes in the Salt Desert of Persia;
also in the south-western desert of Afghanistan and in the northern
desert of Beluchistan; but I do not remember ever having seen such a
perfect formation of dunes as that to be seen in this part of Peru.
Beyond that sandy zone we had before us a red plateau with fluted sides.
Great mounds of blackened volcanic sand were quite frequent, the railway
winding its way around immense basins formed by depressions in the land.
Then we entered a beautiful green narrow valley along a streamlet
intersecting the plateau.
From Mollendo the railway gradually rose to an elevation of 2,301 m.
(7,549 ft.) at Arequipa, where I remained for the night.
[Illustration: The Great Inca Ruins of Viraccocha, in Tinta (Cuzco).]
Arequipa was an interesting city with its picturesque arcades, its
magnificent church of Spanish architecture with marvellous ancient wood
carvings, and its prettily-laid-out gardens. I visited the astronomical
observatory of Harvard College, a few miles from the town, where
excellent work is being done in star photography from that eminently
suitable spot for the study of the sky. The observatory was situated at
an elevation of 8,060 ft. It worked in conjunction with the Harvard
observatory in North America. By having thus one station north and
another south of the equator, the observations made by that institution
included the stars in all parts of the sky from the North to the South
Pole. A 24-inch Bruce photographic telescope, a 13-inch Boyden telescope,
an 8-inch Bache telescope, and a 4-inch meridian photometer were the
principal instruments used at the Arequipa station.
I left Arequipa on the morning of February 9th, going through country of
volcanic tufa and red sand, with immense furrows quite devoid of
vegetation. Occasionally we came upon great masses of boulders cast by
some volcanic force upon the surface of tufa and sand. Then the railway
gracefully climbed in great curves over a plateau nearly 14,000 ft. high,
where tufts of grass could be seen, giving a greenish appearance to the
landscape.
We travelled along that great table-land, occasionally seeing a herd of
llamas stampede away at the approach of the train, now and then observing
circular stone walls erected by shepherds as shelters. A gable-roofed hut
was occasionally seen. Picturesque natives in their _ponchos_ and red or
yellow scarves gazed, astonished, at the train throbbing along slowly
upon the steep gradient of that elevated barren country. The cold seemed
intense after the tropical heat of Lima. It was snowing hard. In the
daytime I generally travelled seated in front of the engine, in order to
have a better view of the landscape. In the train everybody suffered from
_soroche_ or mountain-sickness, which attacked most people when brought
up quickly by the railway from the sea to such high elevations. I was
driven away from the front of the engine by the cold rain and sleet
beating with great force into my face, and obscuring the landscape to
such an extent that I could see nothing at all.
When it cleared up we were travelling in a region of marshes and pools in
the lowest point of depressions, then along a magnificent lake with green
and brown fantastically-shaped mountains and hills in the foreground, and
a high snowy range in the background. The effects of light when the storm
was raging over the lake, with its conical and semi-spherical islands
dotting the water, were intensely picturesque.
After that the plateau became less interesting. We descended gradually
some 400 m. (1,312 ft.) to the junction of Juliaca, 3,825 m. (12,550 ft.)
above the sea level.
At that place the luxurious car which had taken me there had to be
switched off from the Puno Line to the Cuzco Line.
I had dinner in the hotel, and again was impressed by the great honesty
of the Peruvian people in the interior, and their considerate manners. It
was somewhat curious to see the Indian waiter--most clumsy, dressed up in
uncomfortable and ill-fitting European clothes--waiting on a medley of
strange passengers, such as red-faced Spanish priests, tidy, smooth,
oily-haired Peruvians, and talkative commercial travellers. But
all--whether fat or lean, rich or poor, Indian or Peruvian--were the
essence of politeness and thoughtfulness.
Being able to sleep in the luxurious car, where I had two good bedrooms,
my own kitchen, and a sitting-room, I was indeed extremely comfortable.
I left again on February 10th over a great flat grassy tableland, with
hills terraced up for cultivation. We passed an old church with a
wonderful dome, and behind it snow-capped blue mountains.
The women wore peculiar hats with flapping edges in order to protect
their faces from the wind. A black cloth was generally worn over the
women's heads under the hat, while over their shoulders hung dark green
or purple _ponchos_.
The Indians of that region showed remarkably strong Malay features.
The train steamed through the wide grassy valley, once crossing a fairly
large stream. High snowy peaks loomed against the sky on our right, while
we were travelling all the time at elevations varying from 3,531 m.
(11,584 ft.) at Sicuani to 4,313 m. (14,150 ft.) at La Raya. The cold
seemed intense. I got quite frozen sitting on the engine.
Quantities of llamas and sheep grazing were now to be seen on the land,
foot-passengers and horsemen crossing the valley in all directions. At
the stations large crowds of picturesque women squatted down selling
pottery and fruit.
The farther we got into the interior the more picturesque the hats
became. The women there wore hats with rectangular gold-braided brims,
and with white, red or blue curtains at the sides. The men had pointed
woollen caps with ear-flaps. The women were garbed in ample pleated
skirts. Curiously enough, while the head and body were so well protected,
most of them had bare legs and feet, the skirts reaching only just below
the knee.
Near villages one saw neat patches of land turned, with trouble, into
vegetable gardens. Stone enclosures were used by the natives as shelters
for the animals during storms and to pen them up at night. The people
themselves lived in stone huts.
The country reminded me forcibly of Tibet, and so, in a way, did the
people--short and stumpy and smothered in clothes. I frequently noticed
cairns of stones like the _obos_ typical of Tibet and of the Himahlyas.
There, too, as in Tibet, it seemed the fashion for passers-by to place a
white stone on those cairns in order to bring good luck.
The men were curiously garbed in short, wide white woollen trouserettes,
reaching just below the knees and split behind just over the calf. Under
those they wore another pair of trousers, slightly longer. Their coats
were short and tight, resembling Eton jackets. They wore wide and much
embroidered belts, red and blue being their favourite colours.
An accident had happened to a bridge. It had collapsed, so that the
trains could not proceed. Thanks to the great thoughtfulness of Mr.
Mockill and his inspector of the line, Mr. Blaisdell, another private
car, equally comfortable, had been sent down from Cuzco to the bridge. My
baggage was transferred on men's backs to the opposite side of the
stream. With the delay of only an hour or so I was able to proceed on
another train to Cuzco, where I arrived that same evening.
[Illustration: Inca Pottery, Weapons and Ornaments of Gold and Copper.]
The city of Cuzco is situated at an elevation of 11,062 ft. above the sea
level. In its vicinity the most important remains of Inca civilization
have been found. The city itself was most interesting. Its handsome
Spanish cathedral had a façade of beautifully designed columns and a fine
central doorway. The great bell in one of the towers contained a large
quantity of gold in the bronze, giving wonderful resonance to its
vibrating notes. A solid silver altar of great height was to be admired
in the interior of the cathedral, while the chancel was of marvellously
carved wood. So was a supplementary altar which had been stored away
behind the silver one.
The principal square of Cuzco had recently been paved with cement, on
which none of the natives could be induced to walk, as they were afraid
of slipping, accustomed as they were to the roughest cobble-stone paving
of their streets. Only the gentry of the city could be seen treading with
great care on the polished pavement, and were looked upon with much
admiration by the lower natives, who stared aghast from the porticoes
around the square. In the centre of the square was a cheap terra-cotta
statue of the Indian hero Atahualpa surmounting a fountain painted of a
ghastly green. The gardens were nicely laid out with pretty lawns.
Another beautiful church rose in the _plaza_, the doorway of which was
also handsome, but not comparable in beauty with that of the cathedral.
The stone carvings of its façade were nevertheless remarkable. There were
arcades on three sides of the _plaza_, the houses being generally only
one storey high above them. The buildings were painted light blue, pink,
green, or bright yellow, the columns of beautifully cut stone being also
covered with hideous paint to match.
Thanks to the kindness of the President of the Republic, Mr. B. B.
Legujia, a telegram had been sent asking the Prefect of Cuzco to give me
every possible assistance in visiting the Inca ruins in the
neighbourhood. The Prefect, Mr. J. J. V. Cuñer, kindly placed at my
disposal three excellent horses and an orderly.
It is seldom one can visit a place where the people have more primitive
habits than in the city of Cuzco. The streets, so wonderfully
picturesque, were not fit to walk upon. The people threw into them all
that can be thrown out of the houses, which possess no sanitary
arrangements of any kind. Much of the pleasure of looking at the
magnificent Inca walls--constructed of great blocks of stone so well
fitted that no cement was necessary to hold them together--was really
lost through being absolutely stifled by the suffocating odour which was
everywhere prevalent in Cuzco.
The photographs that are reproduced in the illustrations of this book
will give an idea of the grandeur of the Inca works better than any
description. As I intend to produce at a later date a special work on
that country, I am unable here to go fully into the history of the
marvellous civilization of that race.
A photograph will be seen in one of the illustrations showing the
immensity of the three-walled fortress of Sacsayhuaman. Another
photograph will show with what accuracy the Incas could carve
stone--which, mind you, in those days must have been much softer than it
is now, and not unlike the sandstone that is used in England for building
purposes.
Many curious subterranean passages were to be found on the mountains near
Cuzco, the entrances to which were among picturesque rocks. The Incas
seemed to have a regular mania for carving steps and angular channels in
rocks. Not far from the fortress could be found the place of recreation
of the Incas--the Rodadeiro--over which the Incas tobogganed, perhaps
sitting on hides. Thousands and thousands of people must have gone in for
the sport, as the solid rock was deeply grooved by the friction of the
persons who have slid on it.
The remains of ancient altars for the worship of the sun and an Inca
throne, where the king of the Incas must have sat while battles were
taking place, were indeed most interesting to examine.
More interesting than any other to me was the particular spot on the
mountain side where a kind of throne existed carved out of a huge block
of rock, and where a battle of the Incas against their enemies could be
reconstructed. Mounds of ammunition, consisting of round stones as big as
a lawn-tennis ball, had been accumulated above and near the throne. Just
below that high spot I found scattered upon the mountain side quantities
of ammunition which had evidently been thrown by the Incas at the
attacking foes.
Farther on was the "round table" where the Incas had their feasts--a huge
circular table of rock situated near a conical boulder of immense size.
Interesting fountains with carved figure-heads; an Inca bath of graceful
lines; and, some kilometres beyond Cuzco, the marvellous ruins of
Viraccocha at Tinta, where gigantic walls of a palace were to be seen
standing, and ruins of other fortresses filled one with amazement.
On the mountain side near the town were the strange gateways of
Choquechaca, which in their lines resembled ancient Egyptian buildings.
Not far off were the blocks of rock to which the Incas fastened their
prisoners by their legs, arms and heads, and exposed them to the ridicule
of the populace.
Many were the wonderful things which had been found in digging near
Cuzco; but most interesting of all to me were the deformed crania--some
flattened to almost an incredible extent on the top, others elongated
backward to an amazing degree, others still with the central part of the
skull deeply depressed, so as to form two globular swellings at the
sides. Others, again, had been squeezed so as to form an angular ridge
longitudinally on the summit. One skull particularly interested me, which
had a pronounced elongation backward, and a dent just above the forehead
which must have been caused by tying the cranium while young and still in
a soft condition. Most of the skulls were of gigantic size when compared
with those of modern times. The lower part was under-developed. Many of
them possessed magnificent teeth.
Several of the skulls had been trephined, evidently while the person was
still alive, some of the perforations in the brain-case being circular in
shape, others quadrangular--most of the trephinations having been made in
the forehead, others on the top of the skull. I saw one skull with as
many as eleven apertures thus made. The operation had evidently been
performed by a very able surgeon, for the little cap of bone removed
fitted beautifully into the opening that had been made.
[Illustration: Inca Towers of Sillistayni, Puño (Lake Titicaca).]
[Illustration: An Inca Statue, Bolivia.]
The Incas were great architects. They had an absolute craving for
carving rock. They made models of their fortresses and palaces in blocks
of hard stone, some of these being of remarkable perfection in their
detail.
The pottery, red earthen vessels with geometrical designs upon them, was
most interesting, especially the large jars which must have been used for
fermenting wine. Those jars of a typical shape must have rested on a
pedestal of wood, as they ended in a point at the bottom, which prevented
their standing up on a flat surface. Two handles were attached to the
lower part of those jars, and also to the great bottles in which they
kept wine.
The Incas used tumblers, enamelled in red and green, and of most graceful
shape.
They were fond of ornamenting their bottles and vessels with
representations of human heads, reproduced with considerable artistic
fidelity. Other bottles represented strange gnawing faces, with expanded
eyes and a fierce moustache.
Judging from the representations of figures on their jars, the people in
those days wore their hair in little plaits round the head. Heads of
llamas sculptured in stone or else modelled in earthenware were used as
vessels.
The Incas made serviceable mortars for grinding grain, of polished hard
rock, mostly of a circular shape, seldom more than two feet in diameter.
The matrimonial stone was interesting enough. It was a double vessel
carved out of a solid stone, a perforation being made in the partition
between the two vessels. It seems, when marriages were performed, that
the Incas placed a red liquid in one vessel and some water in the other,
the perforation in the central partition being stopped up until the
ceremony took place, when the liquids were allowed to mingle in emblem of
the union of the two lives. Curious, too, was the pipe-like arrangement,
called the _kenko_, ornamented with a carved jaguar head, also used at
their marriage ceremonies.
[Illustration: Lake Titicaca.]
[Illustration: Guaqui, the Port for La Paz on Lake Titicaca.]
Their stone axes and other implements were of extraordinary
interest--their rectangularly-shaped stone knives, the star- and
cross-shaped heads for their war clubs, as well as the star-shaped
weights which they used for offensive purposes, attached, perhaps, to a
sling. Many were the weapons of offence made of stone which have been
found near Cuzco, some of which were used by holding in the hand, others
attached to sticks.
The Incas were fairly good sculptors, not only in stone but also in
moulding human figures and animals in silver and gold. Llamas, deer,
long-nosed human-faced idols were represented by them with fidelity of
detail, although perhaps not so much accuracy in the general proportions.
At a later date the Incas used metal implements, such as small rakes and
chisels for smoothing rock. They made hair-pins and ear-rings, chiefly of
a mixture of gold, silver, lead and copper.
I saw at Cuzco a stone arrangement which was used by the Incas for
washing and milling gold. Many ornaments of silex, agate and emerald, and
also of coral, which had evidently been brought there from the coast,
have also been found near Cuzco.
The spoons and knives which the Incas used were generally made of gold,
with representations of heads attached to them. The average length of
these articles was from two to four inches.
I left the city on Friday, February 16th, going back the way I had come
as far as the junction of Juliaca.
The Cuzco railway, to my mind, crosses the most beautiful and most
interesting scenery of any railway I have ever seen. It is a pity that
more English people do not travel by it. The great elevation makes people
suffer from mountain-sickness, and that perhaps deters many travellers
from attempting the journey. The railway has to contend with great
natural difficulties--land-slides, which often stop traffic for days at a
time, being frequent.
From Cuzco I went direct to Lake Titicaca, where more Inca ruins, such as
the cylindrical towers of Sillistayni, existed at Puno. Lake Titicaca is
a heavenly sheet of water, situated at an elevation by hypsometrical
apparatus of 12,202 ft. With its magnificent background of snowy peaks,
the lake looked indeed too impressive for words, as I steamed across it
in the excellent steamer of the Peruvian Corporation.
Early in the morning of February 17th, having travelled the entire night
in order to cross the lake from north to south, we arrived at Guaqui, the
port for La Paz, the capital of Bolivia. Although I travelled in the most
luxurious comfort, owing to the kindness of the Peruvian Corporation, the
journey by rail and the going about examining the ruins at Cuzco had
tired me considerably. My brain was so exhausted that it would really
take in no more.
Worse luck, when I reached La Paz it was during carnival time, when it
was impossible to go out of the hotel without being smothered in
cornflour or chalk, and sprinkled with aniline dyed water. Even bottles
of ink were emptied on one's head from the windows. So that, although I
crossed Bolivia from one end to the other in its longest part, I was
unable to do any further work. I tried to get down to the coast as
quickly as possible in order to return home.
La Paz was a beautiful city, extremely neat, with bright red-tiled roofs
and white buildings. It was situated in a deep hollow surrounded by a
great barrier of mountains. So deep and sudden was the hollow that within
a few metres of its upper edge one would never suppose a town to be at
hand. Bolivia is a go-ahead country in which English people are greatly
interested. We have in our Minister there, Mr. Gosling, a very able
representative of British interests.
Bolivians have shown great enterprise in building railways in all
directions in order properly to develop their enormously wealthy country.
Many important lines are in construction; others are projected--of which,
perhaps, the most interesting will be the one from Santa Cruz to Corumba
on the Brazilian boundary.
The day will come when the port of Arica on the Pacific Ocean will be
joined to Oruro, on the Antofagasta line, the well-known junction in
Bolivia, and eventually to Santa Cruz. The present plan is to build a
line from the already existing railway at Cochabamba to Porto Velarde on
the Rio Grande (Rio Mamore), then to Santa Cruz. The Brazilians on their
side will eventually connect São Paulo with Cuyaba and Corumba. It will
then be possible to travel by rail right across the South American
continent in its richest part.
There is also a project of connecting Santa Cruz with Embarcacion and
Campo Santo, in the Argentine Republic, and eventually with the
Trans-Andine Railway.
Other smaller lines projected are those between Potosí and Sucre, and one
from the Chilian boundary at La Quiada to Tarija. That system of railways
will greatly develop the entire southern portion of Bolivia. A small
railway is also proposed in the most northern part of the Republic,
between Riberalta on the River Madre de Dios and Guajara Merim on the
Madeira-Mamore railway, a district of immense wealth for the production
of rubber.
The exact elevation of La Paz by hypsometrical apparatus was 12,129 ft.
I left La Paz on February 21st, and travelled through flat, alluvial,
uninteresting country--only a huge flock of llamas or vicuñas enlivening
the landscape here and there, or a group of Indians in their picturesque
costumes. The women, with their green, violet or red shawls and
much-pleated short skirts, generally blue, afforded particularly gay
patches of colour.
I saw a beautiful effect of mirage near the lake in the vicinity of
Oruro, as I was on the railway to Antofagasta. We were going through flat
country most of the time. It had all the appearance of having once been a
lake bottom. Perhaps that great Titicaca Lake formerly extended as far
south as Lake Poopo, which is connected with Lake Titicaca by the River
Desaguadero. In fact, if I am not far wrong, the two lakes formed part,
in days gone by, of one single immense lake. The mountains on our right
as we went southwards towards Oruro showed evidence that the level of the
then united lakes must have reached, in days gone by, some 150 ft. higher
than the plain on which we were travelling. The low undulations on our
left had evidently been formed under water in the lake bottom.
The junction of Oruro, from which the Cochabamba railway branches, was
quite a large place, of 8,000 inhabitants, but with no particularly
striking buildings. Tin and silver mining was carried on in the
surrounding mountains.
From Oruro I continued the journey to Antofagasta via Uyuni. Immense
deposits of borax were to be seen all along the line from the station of
Ulaca; then we came to a most beautiful sight--the volcano of Ollagüe,
12,123 ft. above the sea level. It looked like a giant dome, snow-capped,
and smoking on its southern side. Its slopes were fairly regular, and of
most brilliant colouring, red and blue. Near the volcano were mounds of
mud and shattered rock. Ollagüe stood on the boundary between Bolivia and
Chile.
[Illustration: On the Andes.]
After passing San Martin, the first station on the Chilian side, the
railway skirted the bed of an ancient lake, an immense circular flat
stretch with deposits of sand and borax, in which could be seen
occasional pools of stagnant water. On the west side stood a high
three-peaked mountain covered with snow, while at the southern end of
that plain was a charming lakelet. We had no sooner left this beautiful
view than we had before us to the south-west an immense conical mountain,
flat-topped. It looked just like the well-known Fujiyama of Japan, only
more regular in its sloping lines.
We passed the works of a Borax Company, which were between the stations
of Sebollar and Ascotan. There was to be seen another immense lake of
borax, some 40 kil. (24 miles) long.
I arrived that evening at Antofagasta, and was fortunate enough to get on
board one of the Pacific Mail Line steamers the next morning on my way to
Valparaiso. We were now in the height of civilization again--very hot,
very uncomfortable, very ambitious, very dirty, the hotels abominable.
Had it not been for the kindness of friends I should have fared badly
indeed in Valparaiso, for the place was invaded by a swarm of American
tourists, who had just landed from an excursion steamer and rendered the
place unbearable.
From Valparaiso, as soon as it was possible to obtain accommodation, I
travelled across the Andes and as far as Buenos Aires by the Trans-Andine
railway. The scenery on this line was most disappointing to any one who
has seen the Andes in their real grandeur farther north; but for the
average traveller the journey may prove interesting enough, although hot,
dull, dusty, and not particularly comfortable.
While I was travelling on the railway between Mendoza and Buenos Aires
there was a serious strike of railway employés. The railway had been
attacked at many different points. Amateur engineers and attendants ran
the trains. We were only two hours from Buenos Aires. The heat and dust
were intense as we crossed the great pampas. The shaking of the train had
tired me to such an extent that I placed a pillow on the ledge of the
open window, and was fast asleep with my head half outside the carriage,
when I woke up startled by the sound of an explosion. I found myself
covered with quantities of débris of rock. A huge stone, as big as a
man's head or bigger, had been thrown with great force at the passing
train by the strikers, and had hit the side of my window only about three
inches above my head, smashing the woodwork and tearing off the metal
frame of the window. Had it struck a little lower it would have certainly
ended my journey for good.
[Illustration: Llamas in Bolivia.]
[Illustration: Borax Deposits, Bolivia.]
As it was I arrived in Buenos Aires safely. A few days later I was on my
way to Rio de Janeiro, by the excellent steamer _Aragon_. Shortly after,
by the equally good vessel _Araguaya_, of the Royal Mail Steamship
Company, I returned to England, where I arrived in broken health on April
20th, 1912. It was a relief to me to land at Southampton, with all my
notes, the eight hundred photographs I had taken, and the maps which I
had made of the regions traversed.
APPENDIX
SOME OF THE PRINCIPAL PLANTS OF BRAZIL
(C.) = Colouring and Tanning.
(C.W.) = Woods good for Construction.
(M.) = Medicinal.
(F.) = Fibrous.
(R.) = Resinous.
(P.) = Palms.
(L.) = Lactiferous.
(O.) = Oliferous.
(S.) = Starchy.
(T.) = Tanning.
_Alocasia macrorhiza_ Schott Inhame (S.)
_Anchietea salutaris_ St. Hil. Cipo suma (M.)
_Andira spectabilis_ Sald. Angelim Pedra (C.W.)
_Andira vermifuga_ Angelim amargoso (C.W.)
_Apuleia præcox_ M. Grapiapunha (F.)
_Arachis hypogoea_ L. Amendoim (O.)
_Araucaria Brasiliana_ Lamb Pinho do Paraná (C.W.)
_Aristoiochia_ (various kinds) Jarrinha (M.)
_Asclepia curassavica_ L. Official da sala (M.)
_Aspidosperma dasycarpon_ A.D.C. Peroba rosa (C.W.)
" _eburneum_ Fr. All. Pequia marfim "
" _leucomelum_ Waring. Peroba parda "
" _macrocarpum_ M. Guatambú "
" _polyneuron_ M. Arg. Peroba amarella "
" _sessiliflorum_ Fr. All. Pequia amarello "
" _sp._ Peroba revessa "
_Astronium fraxinifolium_ Schott Gonçalo Alves "
_Attalea funifera_ M. Piassava (P.)
_Bertholletia excelsa_ H.B.K. Castanha do Pará (O.)
_Bignoniaceas_ (various kinds) Caroba (M.)
_Bixa orellana_ L. Urucú (C.)
_Boerhavia hirsuta_ Willd. Herva-tostão (M.)
_Bromelia_ (various kinds) Caragoatá (F.) (S.)
_Brunfelsia Hopeana_ Benth. Manacá (M.)
_Byrsonima_ (various kinds) Muricy (C.)
_Cabralea cangerana_ Sald. Cangerana (C.W.)
_Cæsalpinia echinata_ Lam. Pao Brasil "
_Cæsalpinia ferrea_ M. Pao Ferro (C.W.)
_Calophyllum brasiliense_ C. Guanandy (R.)
_Capaifera_ (various kinds) Copahyba (O.)
_Cassia_ (two kinds) Canafistula (F.)
_Cayaponia_ (various kinds) Cayapó (M.)
_Cecropia_ (various kinds) Embauba (F.)
_Cedrera fissilis_ Vell. Cedro vermelho (C.W.)
_Centrolobium robustum_ M. Arariba amarello "
" _tomentosum_ Benth. " rosa "
_Chiococca anguifuga_ M. Cipo cruz (M.)
_Chrysophyllum glyciphloeum_ Cazar Buranhen (C.W.)
" " " Monesia (M.)
_Cissampelos_ (various kinds) Abútua (M.)
_Ciusta criuva_ Cambess Manguerana (F.)
_Cocos nucifera_ L. Coqueiro Bahia (P.)
_Coffea arabica_ L. Caféeiro
_Copaifera guaianensis_ Desf. Copahyba (C.W)
_Copernicia cerifera_ M. Carnahubeira (C.W.) (P.)
_Cordia alliodora_ Cham. Louro (C.W.)
_Couratari estrellensis_ Raddi Jequitiba Vermelho (C.W.)
_Coutarea hexandra_ Schum Quina-quina (M.)
_Cuscuta_ (various kinds) Cipo chumbo (M.)
_Dalbergia nigra_ Fr. All. Jacarandá cabiuna (C.W.)
_Dioscoreas batatas_ D.C. Cará (S.)
_Drimys granatensis_ Mutis Casca d'anta (M.)
_Echyrosperum Balthazarii_ Fr. All. Vinhatico amarello (C.W.)
_Eloeis guineensis_ L. Dendé (P.)
_Erythrina corallodendron_ L. Mulungú (M.)
_Esenbeckia febrifuga_ M. Laran do Matto (M.)
" _leiocarpa_ Guarantan (C.W.)
_Eugenia durissima_ Ubatinga (C.W.)
_Euterpe edulis_ M. Palmito (P.)
" _oleracea_ L. Assahy (P.)
_Favillea deltoidea_ Cogu Fava de S. Ignacio (O.)
_Ficus_ (various species) Figueiras (L.)
_Genipa Americana_ L. Genipapo (C.)
_Gesnera alagophylla_ M. Batata do campo (M.)
_Gossipum_ (various kinds) Algodoeiro
_Harncornia speciosa_ M. Mangabeira (L.)
_Hedychium coron-koen_ Lyrio do brejo (S.)
_Hymencæa courbaril_ L. Jatahy (C.W.) (R.)
_Ilex paraguayensis_ St. Hil. Maté (M.)
_Inga edulis_ M. Inga-assú (C.W.)
_Ipomoea jalapa_ Pursh. Jalapa (M.)
_Jatropha curcas_ L. Pinhão de purga (O.)
_Johannesia princeps_ Vell. Anda-assú (O.)
_Lafoensia_ (various kinds) Pacuri (C.)
_Laguncularia rac._ Gaertu. Mangue branco (F.)
_Landolphia_ (various kinds) Pacouri (L.)
_Lecythis grandiflora_ Berg. Sapucaia commun (C.W.)
" _ollaria_ Piso " -assú "
" _ovata_ Cambess " mirim "
_Lisianthus pendulus_ M. Genciana Brazil (M.)
_Machærium Alemanni_ Benth. Jacarandá violeta (C.W.)
" _incorruptibile_ Fr. All. " rosa "
" _leucopterum_ Vog. " tan "
_Maclura_ (two kinds) Tajuba (C.)
" _affinis_ Mig. " (C.W.)
_Malvaceas_ (various kinds) Guaxima (F.)
_Manicaria saccifera_ G. Ubussú (P.)
_Manihot_ (two kinds) Mandioca (S.)
" Maniçoba (L.)
_Mauritia vinifera_ M. Burity (P.)
_Melanoxylon brauna_ Schott Guarauna (C.W.)
_Mespilodaphne sassafras_ Meissn. Canella sassafraz (C.W.)
_Mikania_ (various kinds) Guaco (M.)
_Mimusops_ (various kinds) Massaranduba (L.)
" _elata_ Er. All. " Grande (C.W.)
_Moldenhauera floribunda_ Schrad Grossahy azeite (C.W.)
_Moquilea tomentosa_ Benth. Oity "
_Musa_ (various kinds) Bananeira
_Myracroduon urundeuva_ Fr. All. Urindueva (C.W.)
_Myristica_ (two kinds) Bucu huba (O.)
_Myrocarpus erythroxylon_ Fr. All. Oleo vermelho (C.W.)
" _frondosus_ " pardo (C.W.)
_Myrsine_ and _Rapanea_ (various kinds) Copororoca (F.)
_Nectandra amara_ Meissn. Canella parda (C.W.)
" _mollis_ Meissn. " preta "
" _myriantha_ Meissn. " capitão-mor "
_Nicotina tabacum_ L. (various kinds) Fumo
_Operculina convolvulus_ M. Batata de purga (M.)
_Oreodaphne Hookeriana_ Meissn. Itauba preta (C.W.)
_Paullinia sorbilis_ M. Guaraná (M.)
_Pilocarpus pinnatifolius_ Jaborandy (M.)
_Piper umbellatum_ L. Pariparoba (M.)
_Piptadenia rigida_ Benth Angico (C.W.) (F.)
_Protium_ (various kinds) Almecega (R.)
_Psidium acutangulum_ M. Araça pyranga (C.W.)
_Psychotria ipec._ M.A. Poaya legitima (M.)
_Pterodon pubëscens_ Faveiro (C.W.)
_Renealmia occident._ P. and E. Capitiú (M.)
_Rhizophora Mangle_ L. Mangue verm. (F.)
_Rhopala Gardnerii_ Meissn. Carvalho Vermelho (C.W.)
_Ricinus communis_ L. Mamoneira (O.)
_Saccharum officin._ L. (various kinds) Canna de assucar
_Sanserieria_ (two kinds) Espada (F.)
_Schinus terebenthifolius_ Raddi Aroeira (C.W.) (R.)
_Silvia navalium_ Fr. All. Tapinhoã (C.W.)
_Siphonia elastica_ (_Hevea_)
(various kinds) Seringueira (L.)
_Smilax_ (various kinds) Japecanga (M.)
_Solanum_ (various kinds) Jurubeba (M.)
_Strychnos macroacanthos_ P. Quassia (M.)
_Stryphnodendron barbatimão_ M. Barbatimão (C.W.) (T.)
_Styracaceas_ (various kinds) Estoraqueiro (R.)
_Syphonia globulifera_ L.F. Anany (R.)
_Tecoma araliacea_ P.D.C. Ipé una (C.W.)
" _pedicellata_ Bur. and K. Sch. Ipé tabaco "
_Terminalia acuminata_ Fr. All. Guarajuba "
_Theobroma cacao_ L. Cacaoeiro
_Tournefortia_ (various kinds) Herva de Lagarto (M.)
_Vanilla_ (three kinds) Baunilha (M.)
_Vitex Montevidensis_ Cham. Taruman (C.W.)
_Vouacapoua Americana_ Aubl. Acapú (C.W.)
_Xanthosoma sagit._ Schott Tayoba (S.)
_Xylopia_ (various kinds) Embira (F.)
MAMMALS
_Atele paniscus_ Coatá
_Balsena australis_ Baleia austral
_Bradypus tridactylus_ Preguiça
_Callithrix scicuria_ Saymiri do Pará
_Canis brasiliensis_ Aguarachaim
" _jubatus_ Guará
_Cavia cobaya_ Cobaya
_Cebus appella_ Macaco chorão
_Cercolabos prehensilis_ Coandú
_Cervus dama_ Gamo
" _elaphus_ Veado
" _rufus_ Guazú-Pita
_Coeelogenys pacca_ Pacca
_Dasyprocta aguti_ Cotia
_Dasypus novemcinctus_ Tatú de cauda comprida
_Delphinus amazonicus_ Golfinho
_Dicotyles labiatus_ Porco queixada branco
" _torquatus_ Caetitú canella ruiva
_Didelphis azuræ_ Gambà
" _marsupialis_ Philandra
_Felis concolor_ Sussuarana
" _onça_ Jaguar
" _pardalis_ Jaguatirica
_Gallictis barbara_ Irara
_Hapale jacchus_ Ouistití or mico
_Hydrochoerus capibara_ Capivara
_Lepus brasiliensis_ Coelho
_Lutra brasiliensis_ Ariranha
_Manatus australis_ Peixe-boi do Pará
_Mephitis suffocans_ Jacarecaguá
_Myrmecophaga jutaba_ Tamanduá bandeira
_Nasua socialis_ Caotí de bando
" _solitaria_ " " mundeo
_Phyllostoma spectrum_ Vampiro
_Procyon concrivorus_ Guaxinim
_Sciurus æstuans_ Caxinguelê
_Tapirus americanus_ Anta
_Vespertilio auritus_ Morcego orelhudo
" _murinus_ " commun
BIRDS
_Ajaja_ Colhereiro
_Alauda arvensis_ Cotovia
_Amazona amazonica_ Curiça
_Amazona brasiliensis_ Papagaio
_Ampelis atropurpurea_ Cotinga vermelha do Pará
_Anumbius anumbi_ Cochicho
_Ara ararauna_ Arara azul
" _macao_ " piranga
" _nobilis_ Maracanã
_Aramides saracura_ Saracura
_Aramus scolopaceus_ Carão
_Ardea Socoi_ João Grande
_Ateleodacius speciosa_ Sahi
_Belonopterus cayannensis_ Quero-quero
_Brotogeris tirica_ Periquito
_Cacicus cela_ Checheo
_Cairina moschata_ Pato do matto
_Calospiza pretiosa_ Sahira
_Calospiza toraxica_ Sahira verde
_Caprimulgus cericeocaudalus_ Curiango
_Cathartes atratus_ Urubú
_ " Papa_ " roi
_Ceryle amazona_ Martim pescador
_Charadrius dominicus_ Tarambola
_Chasmorhychus nudicolis_ Araponga
_Chauna cristata_ Tachan
_Chiromachæris gutturosus_ Corrupião
_Colaptes campestris_ Pica-pão
_Columba domestica_ Pombo domestico
_ " turtur_ Rõla
_Conurus jendaya_ Nandaya
_Corvus corax_ Corvo
_Crax alector_ Hocco do Pará
_ " pinima_ Mutum
_Creciscus exilis_ Frango d'agua verde
_Crypturus japura_ Macucan
_ " notivagus_ Jahó
_ " rufescens_ Tinamú ruivo
_ " scolopax_ Juó
_ " soui_ Turury
_ " variegatus_ Inhambú anhanga
_Dacnis cayana_ Sahi azul
_Dendrocygna fulva_ Marreca peba
_ " viduata_ Irerê
_Donacubius articapillus_ Japacamin
_Eudocimus ruber_ Guará
_Euphonia aurea_ Gaturamo amarello
_Eurypyga helias_ Pavão do Pará
_Falco destructor_ Harpya
_ " haliætus_ Aguia
_ " sparverius_ Falcão
_Fringilla carduelis_ Pintasilgo
_Fulica armillata_ Carqueja
_Furnarius rufus_ João de barro
_Gallinago delicata_ Narceja
_ " gigantea_ Gallinhola
_Grotophaga ani_ Anú
_Glaucidium brasilianum_ Caburé
_Heterospizias meridionalis_ Gavião caboclo
_Hycter americanus_ Can-can
_Ibis rubra_ Ibis escarlate
_Jacamaralcyon tridactyla_ Beija flor bicudo
_Jonornis martinica_ Frango d'agua azul
_Lauru macubipennis_ Gaivota
_Leptotila rufaxilla_ Juruty
_Loxia cardinalis_ Cardeal
_Meleagris gallopavo_ Perú
_Microdactylus cristatus_ Seriema
_Minus lividus_ Sabiá da praia
_Milvago Chimachim_ Caracará
_ " chimango_ Chimango
_Molothrus bonariensis_ Vira-bosta
_Molybdophanes coerules_ Maçarico real
_Morinella interpres_ Batuira
_Mucivora tyrannus_ Tesoura
_Myopsitta monachus_ Catorrita
_Myothera rex_ Myothera real
_Nomomyx dominicus_ Can-can
_Nothura maculosa_ Codorna
_Nyctidromus albicolis derbyanus_ Bacuraú
_Odontophorus capueira_ Urú
_Opisthocomus cristatus_ Cigana
_Oriolus brasiliensis_ Sapú
_Oryzoborus angolensis_ Avinhado
_ " crassirostris_ Bicudo
_Ostinops decumanus_ Yapú
_Otalis katraca_ Aracuan
_Parra jacana_ Jacaná
_Pavo cristatus_ Pavão
_Penelope cristata_ Jacú
_Phasianus colchicus_ Faisão
_Piaya cayana_ Alma de gato
_Picus Martius_ Picanço negro
_Pionus menstruns_ Maitaca
_Pipra strigilata_ Manequim variegado
_Piroderus scutatus_ Pavó
_Pisorhin choliba_ Coruja
_Pitherodius pileatus_ Garça real
_Podiceps americanus_ Mergulhão
_Polyborus tharus_ Carancho
_Psittacus passerinus_ Tuim
_Psophius crepitans_ Agami
_Rhamphastos discolorus_ Tucano
_Rhea americana_ Avestruz, Ema
_Rupicola_ Gallo do Pará
_Siconea mycteria_ Jaburú
_Stephanophorus leucocephalus_ Azulão
_Sterna hirundinacea_ Trinta reis
_Sula leucogastra_ Mergulhão
_Syrigma sibilatrix_ Socó assobiador
_Tanagra citrinella_ Tanagra de cabeça amarella
_Tantalus americanus_ Tuyuyu
_Tinamus tao_ Macuco
_Triclaria cyanogaster_ Sabia-cica
_Turdus rufiventris_ Sabia larangeira
_Volatinia jacarini_ Serrador
_Xanthormis pyrrhopterus_ Encontro
FISH
_Acanthurus bahianus_ Acanthuro Bahiano
_Caranx pisquelus_ Solteira
_Chromis acara_ Acará
_Cichla brasiliensis_ Nhacundá
_Coryphoena_ Dourado
_Curimatus laticeps_ Curimatá
_Cybium regale_ Sororóca
_Cymnotus electricus_ Poraqué
_Eugraulis Brossnü_ Anchova
_ " encrausicholus_ Sardinha
_Leporinus_ Piaú
_Macrodon trahira_ Trahira
_Merlangus vulgaris_ Pescada
_Muroena anguilla_ Enguia dos rios
_Petromyzom marinum_ Lampreia do mar
_Platystoma Lima_ Surubim
_Primelodé Pirinambú_ Pirinambú
_Prochilodus argenteus_ Pacú
_Rhinobates batis_ Raia lisa
_Scomber scombrus_ Cavalla
_Serrasalmo piranha_ Piranha
_Silurus bagrus_ Bagre
_Solea vulgaris_ Linguado
_Squalus carcharias_ Tuburão
_Tristis antiquorum_ Espadarte
_Vastres gigas_ Pirarucú
REPTILES
CROCODILES AND LIZARDS
_Caiman fissipes_ Jacaré
_Enyalius bilimeatus_ Camaleão listrado
_Teus monitor_ Teyú
SNAKES.
_Boa constrictor_ Giboia constrigente
_Bothrops indolens_ Jararaca preguiçosa
_Ciclagras gigas_ Boipevaussú
_Coluber poecilostoma_ Caninana
_Crotalus durissus_ Cobra de cascavel commun
" _horridus_ " " " hor.
" _mutus_ Sururucú
" _terrificus_ Boicininga, Cascavel
_Drimobius bifossatus_ Cobra nova
_Elaps corallinus_ Boi coral
" " Cobra coral
" _frontalis_ Boi coral
_Erythrolamprus æsculapii_ Cobra coral
_Eunectes murinus_ Sucuriú
_Helicops modestus_
_Herpetodryas carinatus_
" _sexcarinatus_ Copra-cipó
_Hyla faber_ Pereréca ferreiro
_Lachesis alternatus_ Urutú, cotiara, cruzeiro, etc.
" _atrox_ Jararaca, jararacucu
" _bilineatus_ Surucucú patioba
" _castelnaudi_
" _itapetingæ_ Cotiarinha, boipeva, furta-côr
" _jararacucu_ Jararacucu, surucuçú, tapête
" _lanceolatus_ Jararaca, jararacucu
" _Lansbergii_
" _mutus_ Sururucú, surucutinga
" _neuwiedii_ Urutú, jaraca do rabo branco
_Liophis almadensis_ Jararaquinha do campo
" _poecilogyrus_
_Oxirhopus trigeminus_ Cobra coral, boi coral
_Philodryas serra_
_Pipa curcurucú_ Entanha
_Phrynonax sulphureus_ Canninana
_Radinoea Merremii_ Cobra d'agua
" _undulata_
_Rhachidelus Brazili_ Mussurana
_Thamnodynastes nattereri_
_Xenedon merremii_ Boipeva
TORTOISES
_Chelys fimbriata_ Mata-matá
_Emys amazonica_ Jurara-assú
" _tracaxa_ Tracajá
_Testudo tabulata_ Jabuti
VOCABULARIES
BORORO--APIACAR--MUNDURUCU--CAMPAS OR ANTIS
----------------+----------------+-----------------+------------+----------------
ENGLISH. | BORORO. | APIACAR. |MUNDURUCU. |CAMPAS OR ANTIS.
----------------+----------------+-----------------+------------+----------------
Anger | | | |nokatzmatahtzeh
Angry | | |sapecoreh |
Ant | | | |cachpigache
Anta (Tapir) | | |biuh |
Ariranha | | |auareh |
Arm | | |ueiba |noshempa
Arm (1st pers.) |ikkanna |zizuhbáh | |
" (2nd " ) |akkanna | | |
" (3rd " ) |kanna | | |
" (elbow to | | | |
shoulder) | |zizubah puha | |
" (elbow to | | | |
wrist) |ittaddagara |zizubah ziahppura| |
(1st pers.) | | | |
" (2nd " ) |akkeddagan | | |
" (3rd " ) |akkagara | | |
Armlet (ribbon) |canagadje geo |tahttùh ahsa | |
| |(metal bracelet) | |
| |zih pahürahna | |
| |(fibre bracelet) | |
Arrow | | | |tchohkopi
Arrow-head |tugh otto |uübaffah | |
Arrow feathers |attahga |uübappah | |
Arrows |tuhga |uüba |ubipah |
Ashes |djoroguddo |tahnimbuga |kaburi |
| |tanimbo | |
Attack (to) |bakkuredda |ahre mohmmahíh | |
Aureole of | | | |
feathers |parikko |ahkahntarah | |
Axe | | |uah |
Bad | | | |kahmáhri
Bag | | | |nottaratti
Bands (ankle) |burere paro |tah pakkuhrah | |
|gagadje geo | | |
Bands (knee) |buregadje geo |tah pakkuhrah | |
Barter (to) | |ahmazohppuhru | |
Baskets (for | | | |
bones of | | | |
deceased) |koddo |mbuhah | |
Beans | | |adianrap |macha
| | | |
Beard |nogua buh |tennovohava |erapirap |noshpatonna
Beautiful | | |rip |
Bees | | |eit |
Belly |butto | |euk |nomucha
Belt (for |coggu |mahté pikku | |
women) | | ahsa | |
Belt | | | |nuata quero
Big |kurireo |huh _or_ hun |berehiubuh |niroikki
Bird |kiyeggeh |ühráh |uassehm |tzmehdi
Black | | |inucat |potztaghi
| | | |takarontz
Blind |yoko bokkua |dai haï | |
Blood | |ærui | |irantz
Blue | | |ibitacobush |tahmaroli
Born (to be) |curi butto |ohíh | |
Bow |baiga |ühwürrappara |irarek |piamen
" (1st pers.) |inaiga | | |
" (2nd " ) |anaiga | | |
" (3rd " ) |baiga | | |
Bow-string |baighikko |übühra | |
| | pahama | |
Boy |méhdrogo | | |
" (plural) |neh ghe |azzih van | |
| kogureh | vohsáh | |
Bracelet | | | |marentz
Break (to) |rettegaddo, |ahmoppéhn | |
| tuo | | |
Breathe |akke |ippottuh hém | |
Brother | | |uagnuh |yegue
" eldest |ihmanna |zikkuhbuhra |uamuh |
" (1st pers.) | | | |
" (2nd " ) |ahmanna | | |
" (3rd " ) |uhmanna | | |
" (general) |tchemanna | | |
" (1st p. p.) |pahmanna | | |
" (2nd " ) |tahmanna | | |
" (3rd " ) |ettuhmanna | | |
" younger | |zihrukkiera |ocutoh |
" (1st pers.) |ihvieh | | |
" (2nd " ) |ahvieh | | |
" (3rd " ) |uhvieh | | |
" (general) |tchevieh | | |
" (1st p. p.) |pahvieh | | |
" (2nd " ) |tahvieh | | |
" (3rd " ) |ettuvieh | | |
Butterfly | | |orebereb |kittandaro
Canoe |ikka |ühara | |pitotzu
Caress (to) |kera amudda |uahvaippiáhr | |
| appo | | |
Charcoal |djoradde |tattah pühn | |
Chest (man's) |immorora |zipassiah |uei cameah |notto piné
(1st pers) | | | |
" (2nd " ) |ammorore | | |
" (3rd " ) |morora | | |
" (woman's ) |immokkuro |izi kahma |uei came |ciuccioni
|ammokkuro | | |
|mokkuro | | |
Child | | | |entzih
Chin (1st pers.)|inogura |zirenuvah |hueniepaeh |
" (2nd " )|akogura | | |
" (3rd " )|okkura | | |
Cloak (worn by | | | |kittahreutz
Campas) | | | |
Cloud | | |crehreate |
Clouds |boettugo |ivagon | |menkori
Cold |biakko |irhossahn | |
Comet |cujedje kigareu | | |
Courage |paguddah bokua |ihmandarahih | |
Crocodile | | |abatchiri |
Cry |araguddu |oh zaïyóh | |niraatcha
Dance |erehru |ahniuaréh | |
Dark |boetcho |puhtunhaïba | |stiniri taki
Daughter | | |araichih |nessintcho
Day |meriji |koeïn | |
Dead | | |abeh |
Deaf |bia bokkua |diahppuhai | |
Deer | | |arapisehm |
Design (to |tugo |ohkuazzihat | |
ornament) | | | |
Die (to) |bi |ahmonnoh | |
Dog |arigao |ahwaráh |yacurité |otzitii
Drink (to) |kuddo |uhükkuhr | |nerachi nerativo
| | | | riratzi
Drunk | | |icanuh |noshinghitatcha
Dumb |battaru bokkua |nogni enghih | |
Ears | |zinambí |naeinebui |noyembitta
" (1st pers.) |iviyah | | |
" (2nd " ) |aviyah | | |
" (3rd " ) |biyah | | |
Earth |motto |wuhra | |
Earthquake |mottumagaddo | | |
Eat |ko |animaüvuttáh |inenetieh |noatcha,
| | | com combih |
Egg | | |tupissa |
Enemy | |zih ruhwahsahra | |
Eyebrows | |zirapezavah | |notta makku
" (1st pers.) |iyerera | | |
" (2nd " ) |aerira | | |
" (3rd " ) |djerira | | |
Eyelashes | | | |noshumpigokki
Eyes | | | |
" (1st pers.) |yokko |ziarakkuara | | lokki
" (2nd " ) |aekko | | |
" (3rd " ) |dyokko | | |
Fat |kavaddo |hih haï | |uannanowata
Father |pao |zihruwa |utahbah |ahppah
" (1st pers.) |iyuohka | | |
" (2nd " ) |ao | | |
" (3rd " ) |uho | | |
" (plur., our) |tcheo | | |
" (your) |tao | | |
" (their) |ettuoh | | |
Feathers | | | |
" (of wings) |ikkoddo |ürapeppoh | |
" (of tail) |ayaga |mehruazah | |
Fight | | | |nogempi
Find (to) |jordure gí |uèppiahr | |
Finger or thumb |ikkera kurireo |ziffah | |notta pakki
Finger (first) |boya gaisso | | |
" (second) |boya taddao |ziffah mottehra | |
" (third) |mekkijio |ziffah inha | |
" (small) |biagareo |ziffah inha | |
Fire |djoro |tahttáh |eraitcha |pah mahri
Fish |kahre |pihráh |ashiman |gna denga
| | | |aite shumma
Five | | |brancogeh |
Fling arrows | | | |
with a bow |kiddogoddu |oh üvahn | |
Fly (to) |koddu |ahvevéh | |haratzu
Foot | |zihppuha |ibuih |numaronca
| | | | nocunta noetzi
" (1st pers.) |iyure | | |
" (2nd " ) |aure | | |
" (3rd " ) |bure | | |
" (sole of) | | | |noetzi _or_
| | | | nuitche
Forehead | | | |nohpanka
| | | |nopanka
Forest |ittura |kahueh | |
| |kauru khuh | |
" (thick) |iguro kurireo | | |
Four | | |ibaribrip |
Fowl | | | |ataripa
Friend | | |ubeshi |
Fright |paguddah |ohkkriheéh | |nottaruatzo
Give (to) | makko | ahmandáh | |
(I give him) | makkai | | |
Girl | ahredrogo | ahwah vohsáh | |
" (plural) | naguareh | | |
| kogureh | | |
God | | | Tuhpane | (_Sun_) pahua
Good | | | tchipat | kahméhta
Good afternoon | | ené mahrukka | |
" day | | ené cohéma | |
" night | | nehppi tuhna | |
| | kattuh | |
Give me water | | | | bina ina
Gourds | bappo | | |
(rattling | | | |
gourds used | | | |
by Bororos) | | | |
Grandfather | | zihra magna | |
" (1st pers.)| yeddaga | | |
" (2nd " )| aeddoga | | |
" (3rd " )| iyeddoga | | |
Grandmother | | zihza ruza | |
" (1st pers.) | mugapega | | |
" " | imaruga | | |
" (2nd " )| atcharuga | | |
" (3rd " )| itcharuga | | |
Grass | | | | tuarish
Green | | | | natchari
Guayaba (fruit) | | | | comassique
Gums of teeth | | | | nohtapu
Gun | | | | natziarih
Hair | | ziava | kahp | noeshi
" (1st pers.)| ittao | | | nuesse
" (2nd " )| akkao | | |
" (3rd " )| ao | | |
Hand | | zippoa | ibuih | nakku
" (1st pers.)| ikkera | | |
" (2nd " )| akkera | | |
" (3rd " )| ijera | | |
Happy | jakkare | horrüm | |
Hatred | okki | naimïa roi | |
Head | | ziakkan | | noppolo
" (1st pers.)| ittaura | | |
" (2nd " )| akkaura | | |
" (3rd " )| aura | | |
Head band | | | | nahmattery
(worn by Campas)| | | |
Hear (to) | | | | nokkie
| | | | makimpi
Hearing | merudduo | ziahppuh[)a]h | |
Heart | | | |nasangani
Heat | |heai | |
Heel | | | |tsungueche
Hippopotamus |aidje | | |
Honey | | |eit attuh |
Hunt (to) | | |itieh urepp |nomarma wai
Husband |ohreddo |zihméhna | | tazu
| |acuimibaeh | |nueme
" (plural) |tcheddoreddo | | |
|pagoreddo | | |
|ettohreddo | | |
Hut | | |anioca |mengotcha
| | | |pangotzu
I do not want | | | |erocaticondaca,
| | | |fenotchiro
| | | | eroka
I want you | | | |noni chempe
| | | | naka
Ill |cogoddu |ikkaruhara | |nohmahrtzi
Illness |jorubbu |zihkkáh ruhara | |
Ill-treat (to) |utchebai, |huàuàr | |
|erugoddo kigoddo| | |
Indian corn | | | |sagre ssengue
| | | |famadole "
Infuriated |kurigoddo |zih manarahíh | |
(to be) | | | |
Iron | | | |kirieh tonghi
Island | | |tiahueruh |
Jump |karetta |appóll | |nuhme atcha
Kill (to) |bitto |ahzukkah | |noautziri
Knee |ippoh godaoh |zirinupphuá |yon-ah |loyeretto
| | | |yerito
Knuckles | | | |nouaviro
Lake |kuruga |üppiah | |
Large |kuri |hih haï | |andavuete
Laugh |noguari |ahpukkàh | |noshontatchu
Leaf | | | |kahrashi
Lean | | | |tonghnizi
Leg | |zirito mahk |oira-oh |noh pori
" (1st pers.) |ippogora |khana | |
" (2nd " ) |appogora | | |
" (3rd " ) |pogora | | |
Let us go | | | |fame ate
Light |djorugo |uhüga | |(_lamp_) purika
Light a fire |djaro guddo |tahttàh induh | |
(to) |djoruggo | | |
Lightning |baigahbe |tupan veravah | |pureka
| |tupasseo | |
Lip (lower) | | | |nohtchare
" (upper) | | | |nohpanti
Lips | | | |tchara
Little | | | |capichenni
Lose (to) |okkua |ohkkagnüh | |
Love |aiddu |ahmán oron | |nohnindatzimbi
Lunacy | |heh wuhruh | |
Man |mehddo |ahzibah |aniocat |shambari
(plural) |ihme | | |
(old) | | |iabut |
Milky way |cujedje doghe |aniang puku |kabieureh |
|ehro guddo |zahwara | tpuih |
Monkey | | |taueh |oshetto
Moon |ahri |zahir | |kahshi
" (during a) | | |kachi |
Morning | | |kabi ason |kittaittidih
Mosquito | | |caame |
Mother | |zihuba |anhih |nanná
" my |ihmuga (1st p.) | | |
" thy |atche (2nd p.) | | |
" his |utche (3rd p.) | | |
" |tchedge | | |
| (general) | | |
" our |padge (1st | | |
| pers. plural) | | |
" yours |tadge (2nd p.) | | |
" theirs |ettudge (3rd) | | |
Mountain | |iuitir |otioah |chahtoshi
Mountains |toreakkari |ühwüttura | |
" (range of) |toreakkari | " | |
| doghe | | |
Moustache | | | |noshpatonna
Mouth | | |ueibi |nottaramash
Mule | | | |manno mari
Nails (of | | |ueimba rahn |nosha takki
fingers) | | | |tchamoro
Neck | | | |
" (front of) |iruho |zisuhra | |
" (1st pers.) | | | |
" (2nd p" ) |aruho | | |
" (3rd " ) |ruho | | |
" (back of) | |zikupeah | |
" (1st pers.) |ikiddoro | | |
" (2nd " ) |akkiddoro | | |
" (3rd " ) |ittoro | | |
Necklace | | | |nighitzki
Night |batchioji |kaáhrúh |atchiman |
| |puitun ahiueh | |
No |boro, carega |napohttahri |cahmah |
|boekkimo | | |
|kah (_suffix_) | | |
|bokkua | | |
Nose | |zissignah | |nokkirimash
" (1st pers.) |ikkenno | | |
" (2nd " ) |akkenno | | |
" (3rd " ) |kenno | | |
Oar | | | |kumarontzu
Old | | | |kinkiuari
Onça (jaguar) | | |huira |
One | | |pan |
Parrot | | |aruh |
Perspire (to) |caroh |zihruhaï | |nama savitache
Pig | | | |pihratz
Pottery (for | |tahpe quazzihar | |
cooking) | | | |
Pot (large) |ariya | | |
" (small) |ruobo |gnaéh peppóh | |
" (very small)|pohri | | |
" " " |pohri (gabo) | | |
" " " |pohrero | | |
Present |makkakai |ahmbehunteheh | |
Rain |buh buttu |ahmanna |monbaht |ngagni
|(boe) buttu |aman | |
Rainbow | | | |ohyié
Rapid (cataract)| |ituihi | |
Receive |makkinai |ahmbohul | |
|(_I received_) | | |
Red | | |patpecat |kitchongahri
Reward |mohri | | |
Rise (to) |racodje |ehppóhan | |
River |poba |parana | |gnah
" (large) |poba kurireo |parana hun | |
" (small) |pahga |parana hin | |
Rock |tori |ittahih(n) | |
" (large) |tori kurireo |ittahuh(n) | |
Rocks | | | |mappih
Run |reh |oh gnama | |preteten
| | | | spayieni
" (to) | | | |noshatchah
Run away (to) |arekoddo |zihppohséh | |
Sad |kierigoddo |ahnimombü áh | |
Salt | | |caotah |
Same | | | |fecatche cuanta
| | | | nana
Scratch |kiggori |ogni oï | |
Sea | | | |(_unknown_)
Search (to) |wogai |éhekkahr | |
See (to) | | | |nogna akuripi
Shame |poguruh |ah(g)ni nossïn | |
Shin |iraetta | | |
Shiver |magoddo |zihrahúh | |
Shooting stars |aroi koddo |zahir ta tai wai | |
Sight |aiyuoh |ueppiáh pottahr | |
|djohruddoh | | |
Silver | | | |kiriekki
Sing | |amaracaib | |
Sing (to) |roya, |mahrakkahi |huamame |
|arage | | |
" (and dance) | | | |nowishtiaccia
Sister | |garikie |etchih |tchogue
| |zihreüsa | |
Sister | | | |
" (1st pers.)|ittuiyeh | | |
" (2nd " )|attuiyeh | | |
" (3rd " )|uttuhiyeh | | |
" (general) |tchedduiyeh | | |
" (1st p. p.) |pahduiyeh | | |
" (2nd " )|tahduiyeh | | |
" (3rd " )|ettuhduiyeh | | |
" (younger) | |zihkuppuhera | |
Sit (to) |mogudda |oh ahppúh | |nosseiki
Sky |baru |üvahga |kabi |
| |ivagh | |
Sleep | | | |ahmayaweh
Sleep (to) |nuddoh |okkiéht | |
Small |biagattigé |suhhin | |entzit
|biagareu | | |gliagnini
|pikkiriri rogo | | |japchoquin
Smell (sense of)|ikkenomeruddo |uéttóhn | |
| (_nose hears_) | | |
Smoke |djereddudde |tahttahssin | |
" (to) |coguatta medji |ohppeh tambúh | |
| (_eat smoke_) | | |
Snake | | |puibui |
" (large) | | |pushiribeh |
Son | | |ipot |nientzteh
| | | |nochumi
Speak | | | |nona guayte
Speak (to) |battaru |ogni éh | |nugniáni
Spit | | | |notchôrah
Star |cujedje |zahir ta tai |kasupta |
Stars |cujedje doghe | | |bogro
Steel | | | |coshintzi
Stone | | |itai |
Streamlet | | | |gnahtinka
Strong | | | |niroite katzuini
Strong sun | | | |minchare pahua
Sun |mehri |ahra |huatchi |pah hua
| |cuaracu | |
Sunrise |mehri rutto |ahra nikki uh | |
| | appoha | |
Sunset |mehri re rotto |ahra nikki hoh | |
| " butto | | |
Swim |kuhru |oh üttapp | |nahmatatzu
Tail (of an |oh |behruaza | |
animal) | | | |
Tall |kuritchiga |ih zuh hàh | |iriritheh
|aritchodo | | |
Tattoo | |zihzuppohra | |
| |(_on chin_) | |
| |zihra pegnana | |
| |(_on forehead_ | |
| |_and eyebrows_) | |
Teeth | |ziragna |erahi |naikki
" (1st pers.) |ittah | | |
" (2nd " ) |akkoh | | |
" (3rd " ) |oh | | |
Ten | | |ohehssuat |
Thank you |_unknown_ |_to all_ | |
Then |tohare | | |
Thigh |immomonna |zihuwa | |
|ippohgahdde | | |
Thin |rakkiggiarogogo |ah sihnnin | |
Thirst | | |bipehrehp |
Three | | |tchibapehng |
Throat | | |huenie |
| | | combira |
Throw (to) |barigo |ahmenbott | |
Thumb | | | |notta pakki
Thunder |boejaruru |tupah | |takkirisse
| |aman tsiuic | |
Tired | | |yahboroeh |nomautache
| | | |(_I am tired_)
Toes |bure bahppe |zihppuhán | |noetzi tapaki
Tongue | | | |nonnenni
Tortoise | | |kanianiareh |
Touch |kerajettudji |ahmahppuh | |
Tree |ippo |üba |eïp |
" (trunk of) |ippo |üba poh | |uhtchattu
" (branch of) |ippo ittura |übakkan | |
Trees | | | |chatto
Trumpet | |niumbiháh | |
Two | | |tchepitchepe|
Ugly | | |guereh |
Umbilicus | | | |nohmoetto
Uncle | |tzi | |natchalene
Village | |amonabuh | |
Vomit (to) |towari goddo |zirivipposüh | |nokkamarangatzu
Wait (to) |to gudduguddu |eh ohnroh | |
| giao | | |
Wake (to) |yettado |ehmma èh | |
Walk |mehru |oh attáh | |atteh otzki
Warm |boero |hakkuh | |
Water |poba |üha |iribbi |gnah
Waterfall |pobbore |üttuh (_fall_) | |opparengnahtazzi
| |ühppohsuh | |
| | (_rapid_) | |
Way | | | |aboche
Weak | | | |teshintztéh
West, East, | | | |
North, South | |(_unknown to all_) |
What is this in |Inno ba boi |gar te zih | |
the ... |yiere? |méhrennoih? | |
language? | | | |
White | | |iretiat |kittamorori
Wife |ohredduje |kuhnia |otachi |nuena
Wife (plural) | | | |
" (1st pers.)|tchevireh | | |
" (2nd " .)|pavireh | | |
" (3rd " .)|ettuvireh | | |
|tcheddoreddo | | |
|(_abbrev. of_) | | |
|tcheddoredduje | | |
Wild beasts |bahregghe |zahwahra | |
Wind | |iuituh |kabihru |tampeah
Woman |ahreddo |ahvah |tanian |coya
(plural) |ahréhme | |aiatiah |
Yellow | | | |tchengotz
Yes |uh |apohttáh |ibeheh |
Yuka (jute) | | | |cagniri
INDEX
Acre territory, i, 3; ii, 403, 408
Aguachini River, ii, 440
Albuquerque, Mr., ii, 276, 361-369
Alcobaça, Port of, i, 110
Amazon, main estuary of the, ii, 387
Amazon River, ii, 385-391, 394-404, 416-418
Amazon State, Governor of, ii, 405-406, 414
Amazon, State of, i, 3
_Amazonas_, launch, ii, 411
Andes, journey across the, ii, 438-476
Antofogasta, ii, 472, 473, 474, 475
Ants, ii, 325
Apiacar Indians, ii, 266, 278
Apiacars, Vocabulary of language (Appendix), 486-496
Arabiranga I., ii, 390
Araguary, i, 51-61
Araguaya River, i, 109, 115, 119, 159, 168
Araguaya River, sources of the, i, 167
Araujo, Mr. J. G., ii, 408
Arequipa, ii, 460
Arinos River, the, i, 431; ii, 1-150
Arinos River, birthplace of the, i, 413
Arinos River, meeting-place with the Juruena River, ii, 149-151
Arinos-Juruena, ii, 151-263
Ariranha (_Lutra Brasiliensis_), ii, 21, 26, 33, 58, 78,
88, 93, 159, 165
Arrival in England, ii, 476
Associação Commercial do Amazonas, ii, 408
_Atahualpa_, S.S., ii, 416
Atrocities, ii, 266
August Falls, ii, 196-206
Azupizu River, ii, 437, 440
Bandeiras, the, i, 17
Barretto, José Sotero, ii, 266, 269, 271, 273
Batataes, i, 44
Bay of Coralhina, ii, 389
Bay of Guajara, ii, 390
Bay of Jappelin, ii, 390
Bay of Marajo, ii, 389
Bees, i, 392; ii, 72, 123, 321
Belem (Pará), ii, 390, 392
Bella Vista, ii, 380
Beluchistan, ii, 460
Beri-beri, ii, 393, 457
Bernardelli, Prof., i, 10
Bertino Miranda Island, ii, 262
Bilans, ii, 434
Birds of Brazil (Appendix), 481
Bolivia, ii, 471-474
Bolivian Railways, ii, 473
Booth Steamship Line, ii, 394, 410, 416, 417, 419
Borax, ii, 475
Bororo Indians, their origin, customs, manners, legends, anthropometric
measurements, language, superstitions, music, etc., i, 207-263
Bororos, Vocabulary of language (Appendix), 486-496
Boundaries, i, 115, 116, 159; ii, 417
Boundaries, Matto-Grosso and Pará, ii, 268
Boundaries, Minas Geraes and Goyaz, ii, 60, 62
Boundary between Bolivia and Chili, ii, 474
Brazil, area of, i, 3
Brazil, wealth of, i, 4
Brazil, Col. R. E., "King of the Tapajoz," ii, 368, 373-381
Bueno de Silva, Bartholomeu, i, 105
Buenos Ayres, ii, 475-476
Butterflies, i, 94; ii, 55, 72
Cacti, i, 155
Cahombanas, ii, 435, 436
Cahombanas, trails from, ii, 435
Cairns, ii, 464
Caju or Acaju, i, 158; ii, 335
Caldas de Goyaz, i, 76
Campas or Antis Indians, ii, 434, 444
Campas or Antis Indians, Vocabulary of language (Appendix), 486-496
Campinas, i, 91
Cañon, a, i, 295, 358
Canuma River, ii, 412
Carnival, ii, 472
Carrapatinhos, i, 136, 188, 342, 392
Carrapatos, i, 138, 188, 334, 342
Carts, i, 69
Cashibos (Carapaches and Callisecas), ii, 432, 434
_Cassicus icterronatus_ (Jappelin), ii, 396
Castanha do Pará, ii, 370
_Cathartes_ (Urubu), ii, 59
Cattle breeding, i, 22, 106
Cayapo Indians, ii, 13
Cepa d'agua, i, 397
_Cervus elaphus_ (Veado), i, 184, 269, 316
Church Rock, i, 382
Ciancias, ii, 431
Cocoa, ii, 400
Coffee, i, 26-37
Coffee, estates, i, 26
Coffee, export, i, 21
Colbacchini, Father A., i, 281
Collings Bros., ii, 403
Concepção (on the Araguaya), i, 110, 115
Concepção Island, ii, 390
Condamano, ii, 427
Corumbá River, i, 70
Corumbahyba, i, 68
_Crax pinima_ (mutum), ii, 284, 288
Credentials, the use of, i, 118
Cretins, i, 360
Crocodiles, ii, 132
_Crypturus notivagus_ (jaho), ii, 284, 292
Cuñer, J. J. V., Prefect of Cuzco, ii, 466
Cutijuba Island, ii, 390
Cuvettes, i, 312, 313, 318, 321, 327, 330, 347,
369, 378, 380, 412, 417, 430
Cuyaba River, i, 19
Cuzco, ii, 464
Cuzco Railway, ii, 458-464
De Rio Branco, Baron, i, 7
Diamantino, i, 410, 419-428
Diamantino, prices of commodities in, i, 420
Diamonds, i, 149, 420
Distance between Araguary and Goyaz, i, 101
Distance between Iquitos and Lima, ii, 456
Distance between Manaos and Iquitos, ii, 419
Distance from the River Araguaya to Capim Branco, i, 343
Distance from the River Arinos to Araguary, i, 432
Distance from Araguary to Serra Azul, i, 410
Distance from Goyaz City to Serra Azul, i, 410
Dogs, ii, 130
Dumont Estate, i, 36
Dumont Railway, i, 37
Effects of food after long period of starvation, ii, 346
Effects of starvation on the brain, ii, 311, 316, 324, 326, 329, 331
Electric spring of water, i, 284
Elevation of the Araguaya, i, 169
End of transcontinental journey, ii, 457
_Esploradora_, the launch, ii, 430, 437
_Eunictes murinus_ (Sucuriú), ii, 162
Expedition, outfit of, i, 13
Farquhar, Percival, ii, 403
Fish, i, 153, 168; ii, 63, 90, 96, 104, 107, 126, 158, 223, 387, 484
Flora, i, 4, 62, 75, 82, 85, 89, 99, 139, 143, 152, 155, 158, 164, 172,
175, 275, 311, 330, 332, 347, 348, 355, 380, 389, 396, 397, 406,
416, 417, 430; ii, 4, 10, 24, 25, 37, 49, 52, 54, 58, 63, 94, 95,
105, 108, 134, 207, 224, 227, 336, 370, 388, 398, 430, 432,
437, 477-480
Fonseca, Marechal Hermes da, i, 107
Forest, i, 5, 12
Forest, across the virgin, ii, 278-365
Forest, the Brazilian, ii, 67-69
Forest fire, i, 385
Fossils, the discovery of giant, i, 371-376
Fossils, loss of, ii, 270
Franca, i, 45
Frontin, Dr. Paulo, i, 8, 16
Furnas Corros Mountains, i, 206
Garibaldi's grandson, ii, 450
Gavião caboclo, i, 412
Geological formation, i, 176, 182, 186, 187, 190, 194, 200, 204, 205,
267, 271, 273, 276, 278, 282, 287, 292, 301, 319, 322, 332, 334,
336, 349, 356, 363, 364, 368, 370, 380, 382-385, 393, 400, 407,
418; ii, 99, 142, 155, 168, 262, 384, 455
Goyaz, i, 19
Goyaz, city of, i, 100-131
Goyaz, Government of, i, 108
Goyaz, railway line in construction, i, 59, 61
Goyaz, State of, i, 3
Guajara Merim, ii, 403
Guanabara, Alcindo, i, 7; ii, 124
Hammocks, ii, 87
Harvard Observatory, ii, 460
History of the wars in the kingdom of Brazil between
Holland and Portugal, i, 414
Honesty of Peruvians, ii, 444, 452
Horses of Goyaz, i, 106
Huacapistana, ii, 452
_Hydrochærus Capibara_ (Capivara), ii, 49, 56, 124
Igorrotes of Luzon Island, ii, 456
_Ilex Paraguayensis_ (Mate), ii, 59, 81
Inca implements, ii, 470
Inca matrimonial stone, ii, 469
Inca ornaments, ii, 470
Inca pottery, ii, 469
Inca skulls, ii, 468
Inca throne, ii, 467
Inca weapons, etc., ii, 470
Incas, the, ii, 441, 466-471
Incas, architecture of the, ii, 466
Incas, civilization of the, ii, 466-471
Indians, i, 12, 17, 105, 185, 205, 207-263, 282, 338, 353;
ii, 13, 70, 134, 158, 274, 423, 424, 430, 432, 434
Insanity, i, 124
Iquitos, ii, 418
Islands of the Arinos and Arinos-Juruena Rivers--vol. ii.--
Ada I., ii, 120
Alastor I., ii, 65
Alberto Masõ I., ii, 171
Albert Rex I., ii, 110
Angela I., ii, 159
Anna I., ii, 121
Antonio Prado I., ii, 126, 128
Arabella I., ii, 140
Araujo I., ii, 263
Ariadne I., ii, 222
Armida I., ii, 98
Aspasia I., ii, 149
Babin I., ii, 186
Barretos I., ii, 126
Belinda I., ii, 184
Bertha I., ii, 141
Bomfin I., ii, 176
Bridget I., ii, 39
Camilla I., ii, 107
Carmela I., ii, 156
Caterina I., ii, 157
Clara I., ii, 161
Corona I., ii, 122
Daphne I., ii, 126
Diana I., ii, 141, 168
Dora I., ii, 115
Edna I., ii, 115
Eileen I., ii, 141
Eleonora I., ii, 52
Elfrida Landor I., ii, 152
Elizabeth Chimay I., ii, 97
Elizabeth R. I., ii, 62, 111
Eloisa I., ii, 110
Emma I., ii, 117
Erminie I., ii, 121
Eva I., ii, 109
Evelina I., ii, 141
Faith, Hope and Charity Is., 98
Francesco I., ii, 152
Gabriella I., ii, 93
George Rex I., ii, 158, 160
Gemma I., ii, 71
Germaine I., ii, 111
Gingillo I., ii, 142
Giselle I., ii, 171
Helena I., ii, 66
Hilda I., ii, 156
Hugo I., ii, 120
James Dewar I., ii, 172
Jessica I., ii, 176
Josephine Island, 122
Julia I., ii, 70
Jupiter I., ii, 126
Kuvera I., ii, 172
Landor, Charles, I., ii, 96
Laurita I., ii, 116
Leander I., ii, 263
Leda I., ii, 175, 263
Lilian I., ii, 118
Loel I., ii, 80
Lucia I., ii, 115
Lucky I., ii, 39, 43
Lunghissima I., ii, 155
Lydia I., ii, 61
Mabel I., ii, 112
Magda I., ii, 109
Margie I., ii, 112
Maria I., ii, 106
Mars I., ii, 126
Martia I., ii, 107
Maude I., ii, 93
Maude Adams I., ii, 169
May I., ii, 110
Medea I., ii, 175
Melusine I., ii, 170
Meraud I., ii, 80
Midas I., ii, 171
Minerva I., ii, 169
Miranda I., ii, 171
Mosquito I., ii, 46
Nair I., ii, 105
Negrino I., ii, 63
Nina I., ii, 114
Noailles I., ii, 112
Nora I., ii, 120
Normand I., ii, 173
Olivia I., ii, 133, 161
Oriana I., ii, 168
Orlando I., ii, 97
Pandora I., ii, 134
Passos I., ii, 47
Passos Junior I., ii, 47
Paulina I., ii, 161
Pelleas and Melisande Is., ii, 162
Pericles I., ii, 149
Philomela I., ii, 160
Pomona I., ii, 168
Portia I., ii, 160
Priscilla I., ii, 125
Providence I., ii, 114
Psyche I., ii, 160
Queen Mary I., ii, 171
Rebecca I., ii, 103
Rhea I., ii, 160
Rita I., ii, 110
Rock I., ii, 105
Rodriguez, J. Carlos I., ii, 117
Romeo and Juliet Is., ii, 115
Romola I., ii, 156
Rosalinda I., ii, 160
Rose I., ii, 109
Sarah I., ii, 102
Schnoor, Luiz, I., ii, 95
Seven Sisters Is., ii, 153
Sibyl I., ii, 134
Sophia I., ii, 142
Stella I., ii, 156
Susan I., ii, 118
Sylvia I., ii, 124
Tanis I., ii, 60
Teffe I., ii, 108
Teresa I., ii, 125
Three Graces Is., ii, 113
Toledo, Pedro de, I., ii, 44
Tristan and Isolde Is., ii, 161
Two Sisters Is., 46
Una I., ii, 157
Urania I., ii, 157
Vanessa I., ii, 160
Vera I., ii, 93
Victor Emmanuel I., ii, 74
Yolanda I., ii, 156
Itaituba, ii, 380
Itaquatiara, ii, 402, 412
Jacutinga, ii, 48
Jaguar, the, i, 184, 307, 316; ii, 315
Jararakinha I., ii, 390
Javari River, ii, 417
Jeckill, Mrs., ii, 404
Jesuits, i, 414
Jews, ii, 258, 262
Jiggers, ii, 338
_Jornal do Commercio_, i, 7
Juliaca junction, ii, 462
Junction of the Arinos-Juruena and Tres Barras
or S. Manoel River, ii, 263
Juruena River, ii, 149
Juruena River, meeting-place of with the Arinos River, ii, 149-151
Krause, Dr., i, 121
La Merced, ii, 450
La Paz, ii, 472
Lage, Mr., ii, 380
Lagoa dos Veados, i, 413, 415
Lagoa Formosa, i, 96, 328
Land, value of, i, 38, 43, 45, 49
Las Palmas River, ii, 449
Legislative Congress of Goyaz (State), i, 112
Leguia, Dr. B. B., President of Peru, ii, 465
Leopoldina, i, 110
Leprosy, i, 87
Leticia, ii, 418
Lighthouses, ii, 388
Lima, ii, 456, 458
Llamas, ii, 453, 456, 461, 463, 473
Lovelace, Dr. Carl, ii, 404
Lua Nova, ii, 376
Lunar halo, i, 199, 328, 333
Macaws, i, 308; ii, 132, 396, 398
Macedo, Commandante, ii, 380-391
_Macrocerus hyacinthinus_ (araruna), ii, 396
Madeira-Mamore Railway, ii, 402-404
Madeira River, ii, 277, 347, 411-414
Magalhães, Couto de, i, 109
Malampaya Sound, i, 9
Malan, Father A., i, 309
Mammals of Brazil (Appendix), 480
Manaos, ii, 402, 405-411
Manaos, Commandants of the Federal Troops in, ii, 409, 414, 416
Manaos, Improvements, Limited, ii, 410
Mangabeira, the, i, 406
Mangabel, ii, 374-377
Manobos, ii, 434
Maps, i, 116, 414
Maps, inaccurate, i, 404
Maribondos (hornets), ii, 194
Masisea, ii, 430
Masõ, Dr. Alberto, ii, 408, 416
Matto Grosso (State of), i, 3
May, Jeckill & Randolph, Messrs., ii, 403-404
Maya Indians of Yucatan, ii, 254
Mazagan, i, 70
Medicinal plants, i, 152 (Appendix), 477-480
Minas Geraes, Province of, i, 3
Minerals, i, 4
Minister of Marine, ii, 407
Mirage, ii, 473
Miranda, Dr. Bertino, ii, 408
Miriatiriami, ii, 440
Mitchell, Mr., English Consul at Iquitos, ii, 419
Mockill, Mr., Chief of Peruvian Corporation, ii, 458, 464
Mogyana Railway, i, 38-51
Mollendo, ii, 458
Monoliths, i, 363, 364
Mori Brothers, ii, 260
Mori, Don Eulogio, ii, 367
Morro da Meza, i, 59
Mountain sickness, ii, 461
Mules, i, 140, 389
Müller, Severiano, i, 7
Mundurucu Indians, ii, 248, 252, 369
Mundurucu Indians, vocabulary of the language (Appendix), 486-496
_Nasua socialis_ (coati), i, 319; ii, 354
_Nasua solitaria_ (coati), i, 319
Nazaratec River, ii, 437
Nery, Julio V., ii, 266, 275, 276, 280, 283
New York (Ucayalli), ii, 421
Nunes, Dom Pedro, ii, 343-348
Obidos, ii, 399
Oliveira, Regis de, i, 11
Ollagüe Volcano, ii, 474
_Opisthocomus cristatus_ (cigana), ii, 132
Oroya, ii, 454
Oroya, railway, ii, 454-456
Oruro, ii, 472, 473, 474
Pachitea River, ii, 431-435
Pack-saddles, i, 78
Palms, i, 5
Pampas, ii, 445
Pará chestnut, ii, 207
Pará Fiscal Agency, ii, 268, 272
Pará Province of, i, 3
Paraguay River, birthplace of, i, 414
Paraguay River, sources of, i, 416
Parana River, i, 167
Parana River, birthplace of, i, 414
Paranahyba River, i, 60
Paredão Grande, the, i, 292
Paredãozinho, i, 287
Parintins, ii, 412
Passos, Dr. F. Pereira, i, 8
Pasture lands, i, 6
Paulista Railway, i, 24
Paulistas, the, i, 17, 105
Pedro II., Emperor, i, 100, 109, 134
_Penelope cristata_ (jacú), ii, 26, 132, 237, 296, 354
Peruvian Corporation, ii, 458-471
Peruvian Railway, ii, 458-473
Philadelphia (Ucayalli), ii, 424
Photography, ii, 82
Pichis River, ii, 435-438
Pinto, Mr., ii, 368
Pium, i, 173, 300, 302
_Podiceps Americanus_ (mergulhão commun), ii, 48
Polvora, the, i, 300
Pombas Island, ii, 369
Poopo, Lake, ii, 473-474
Port Bermudez, ii, 437
Port Guaqui, ii, 471
Porto do Castanho, i, 161
Porto Velho, ii, 1, 20, (Rio Madeira) 403
Potzuzu, ii, 435
Pouso Alto, i, 86
Prado, Antonio, i, 7, 22, 26
Praia da Rainha, i, 110
Preguya, the, ii, 432
Prices of commodities, ii, 259, 372, 410, 424
Prison of Goyaz, i, 123
Province of Loreto, Prefect of, ii, 420, 430, 437
Pueblo Pardo, ii, 449
Putumayo River, ii, 417
Raft made of demijohns, ii, 335-341
Railways, i, 111
Redemptionist Friars, i, 90, 92
Reptiles of Brazil (Appendix), 484
Requeña, ii, 422
Riberão Preto, i, 38
Rio Arinos, i, 413, 431; ii, 1-150
Rio Barreiros or das Garças, i, 195, 196, 206, 264, 265, 284
Rio Caitté, i, 416
Rio Canuma, ii, 269, 412
Rio Capim Branco, i, 335, 337, 346
Rio Chabo, i, 409
Rio Chanchamayo, ii, 449
Rio Claro, i, 149
Rio Corgo Fundo, i, 194
Rio Corisho, i, 416
Rio Crepore, ii, 374
Rio Cuyaba, i, 359, 402, 404, 405
Rio das Mortes, i, 116, 350
Rio dos Patos, ii, 39, 43
Rio Estivado, i, 416
Rio Euphrasia, ii, 268
Rio Grande, i, 46
Rio Jamanchin, ii, 378
Rio Jangada, i, 359
Rio Las Almas, i, 153
Rio Macucu, i, 417
Rio Madeira, ii, 127
Rio Manso, i, 387-389
Rio Misericordia, ii, 268
Rio Mollah, i, 416
Rio Montagna, ii, 377-378
Rio Paraguay (Paraná), i, 323
Rio Paraná, i, 349, 411, 415
Rio Pedra Grande, i, 366, 369
Rio Ponte Alto, i, 154
Rio Preto, i, 413
Rio Roncador, i, 364, 369
Rio S. Florencio, ii, 268
Rio S. Lourenço, i, 341, 349
Rio S. Lourenço, headwaters of, i, 323
Rio S. Manoel or Tres Barras, i, 403
Rio S. Thomé, ii, 268
Rio Secundury, ii, 269, 328, 333, 349, 351
Rio Sumidoro, ii, 53
Rio Tapajoz, ii, 269
Rio Tarma, ii, 452
Rio Trombetas, ii, 399
Rio Uruguatos, ii, 218
Rio Verde, i, 403
Rio Vermelho, i, 109, 133
Rio Xingu, i, 403; ii, 127
Rio Xingu, nearest point to Rio Tapajoz, ii, 379
Rio de Janeiro, i, 9
Rock carvings, i, 338
Rodadeiro or toboggan slide of the Incas, ii, 467
Rodriguez, José Carlos, i, 7
Rondon, Col., i, 12
Ross, Mr., ii, 391
"Round Table" of the Incas, the, ii, 467
Royal Mail Steamship Co., i, 9; ii, 476
Rubber, i, 36; ii, 4, 46, 48, 60, 63, 78, 91, 97, 267, 272, 369, 434
Rubber, coagulation of the latex, ii, 8
Rubber, collection of the latex, ii, 6
Rubber, collectors, i, 424; ii, 1
S. Antonio, i, 88
S. Benedicto, Mt., ii, 274, 367
S. Isabel (Castanho), ii, 373
S. Jeronimo, ii, 429
S. Luiz de Caceres, i, 419, 429
S. Luiz de Shuaro, ii, 449
S. Manoel, Collectoria of, ii, 264
S. Manoel, Tres Barras or Paranatinga River, ii, 263
S. Paulo, i, 16
S. Paulo, elevation of, i, 23
S. Paulo, State of, i, 20, 22
S. Ramon, ii, 451
Salesian Friars, i, 132, 264, 280, 284, 309
Salto Benjamin, i, 342
Salto Floriano Peixoto, i, 342
Sand-dunes, ii, 459
Santarem, ii, 385
Santarem to Belem (Pará), ii, 385-391
Sauba Ants (_Oecodonia cephalotes_), ii, 119, 315, 318-320
Schmidt, Col. (The Coffee King), i, 37
Schnoor, Luiz, i, 56
Seringueiros, or rubber collectors, the, i, 424;
ii, 1, 22, 250, 258, 272, 273, 276, 361, 369, 371, 379, 411, 428
Serra Azul, the, i, 399-405, 411
Serra das Pedra, i, 405
Serra de Almerin, ii, 387
Serra de Callos, i, 70, 74
Serra de Pasco, ii, 435
Serra de Sta. Rita (or Dourada), i, 96
Serra do Sappé, i, 77
Serra do Tombador, i, 419, 429
Sete Lagõas, i, 413-415, 416
Sillistayni towers, ii, 471
Siphonia elastica (_Hevea Brasiliensis_), or rubber trees, i, 429;
ii, 4, 60, 63, 78, 91, 97, 249
Slavery, i, 423; ii, 11, 19, 22, 40
Snakes, i, 93; ii, 162, 180
Snakes of Brazil (Appendix), 485
Solimões River, ii, 416-418, 421
Sorveira (milk trees), ii, 10, 105, 288
Stars, i, 179
Starvation, ii, 300-345
Sungaro Paro Mts., ii, 437
Tabatinga, ii, 418
Table of comparative anthropometric measurements, i, 261
Tamandua Bandeira, the, i, 307, 316
Tambos, ii, 438, 441, 443, 444, 446, 447, 448
Tapajoz River, ii, 367-385
Tapanhonas Indians, ii, 70
Tapiche River, ii, 423
_Tapirus Americanus_ (Anta), i, 316; ii, 76, 345
Tarma, ii, 452
Taxipa I., ii, 390
Telepathy, ii, 363
Termites (_Termes album_), i, 155-8, 348, 431
Terra Blanca Lake, ii, 426
Thermal springs, i, 76
Titicaca Lake, ii, 471, 474
Tocantins River, i, 110
Toledo, Pedro de, i, 7, 12, 15
Trans-Andine Railway, ii, 475
_Troglodytes fuscus_, ii, 395
Tucano, the, i, 164
Tunnels, ii, 451, 452, 454
Uancabamba, ii, 435
Uberaba, i, 48
Uberabinha, i, 50
Ucayalli River, ii, 421-431
Urubu, i, 154
Useful Plants (Appendix), 477-480
Valparaiso, ii, 475
Vampire Indians, ii, 432
_Vastres gigas_ (pirarucú), ii, 387
Venus, i, 296; ii, 128
Vocabularies of Indian languages--Apiacar, Bororo, Campas, Mundurucu
(Appendix), 486-496
Water during long periods of starvation, ii, 309
Watersheds, i, 96, 349, 355, 414
Wellman's Balloon, ii, 425
Wild boar, i, 152
Wireless telegraphy, ii, 422, 437
Women of Goyaz, i, 128
Woods for construction (Appendix), 477-480
Woods, fibrous (Appendix), 477-480
Woods, lactiferous (Appendix), 477-480
Woods, oleaginous (Appendix), 477-480
Woods, resinous (Appendix), 477-480
Yanna Yakka River, ii, 425
Yessup, ii, 438
Yuta (jute), ii, 425
_Printed by Hazell, Watson & Viney, Ld., London and Aylesbury._
Transcriber's Notes:
1. This text contains diacritical marks and symbols, where possible
these are represented in the text by the following symbols.
Diacritical mark above below
-------------------------- ------ ------
macron (straight line) [=x] [x=]
breve (u-shaped symbol) [)x] [x)]
tilde [~x] [x~]
2. Printing/spelling errors which have been corrected are:
Volume 1:
Page 43, "Butataes" changed to "Batataes"
Page 44, "Batateas" changed to "Batataes"
Page 58, "Schoor" changed to "Schnoor"
Volume 2:
Page viii, "Solimo[~e]s" changed to "Solimões"
Page 7, "0·25 c" changed to "0·25 m"
Page 14, "Jurnena" changed to "Juruena"
Page 316, "expect" changed to "except"
Page 497, "Jappalin" changed to "Jappelin"
Page 498, "Cepo" changed to "Cepa"
"Cryptorus" changed to "Crypturus"
Page 500, "Naïr" changed to "Nair"
Page 501, "Mayu" changed to "Maya"
Page 502, "Ollaguë" changed to "Ollagüe"
"Reinha" changed to "Rainha"
Page 503, "Crepury" changed to "Crepore"
"Jamachin" changed to "Jamanchin"
"Peixeto" changed to "Peixoto"
Page 504, "Transandine" changed to "Trans-Andine"
"Vastris" changed to "_Vastres_"