ĒO

ēored-geatwe, st. f. pl., _warlike adornments_: acc. pl., 2867.

ēowan, w. v., _to show, to be seen_: pres. sg. III. ne gesacu ōhwǣr,

ecghete ēoweð, _nowhere shows itself strife, sword-hate_, 1739. See ēawan,

ȳwan.

ēower: 1) gen. pl. pers. pron., vestrum: ēower sum, _that one of you_

(namely, Bēowulf), 248; fǣhðe ēower lēode, _the enmity of the people of

you_ (of your people), 597; nis þæt ēower sīð ... nefne mīn ānes, 2533.--2)

poss. pron., _your_, 251, 257, 294, etc.

F

ge-fandian, -fondian, w. v., _to try, to search for, to find out, to

experience_: w. gen. pret. part. þæt hæfde gumena sum goldes gefandod,

_that a man had discovered the gold_, 2302; þonne se ān hafað þurh deāðes

nȳd dǣda gefondad, _now the one_ (Herebeald) _has with death's pang

experienced the deeds_ (the unhappy bow-shot of Hæðcyn), 2455.

fara, w. m., _farer, traveller_: in comp. mere-fara.

faran, st. v., _to move from one place to another, to go, to wander_: inf.

tō hām faran, _to go home_, 124; lēton on geflīt faran fealwe mēaras, _let

the fallow horses go in emulation_, 865; cwōm faran flotherge on Frēsna

land, _had come to Friesland with a fleet_, 2916; cōm lēoda dugoðe on lāst

faran, _came to go upon the track of the heroes of his people_, i.e. to

follow them, 2946; gerund wǣron æðelingas eft tō lēodum fūse tō farenne,

_the nobles were ready to go again to their people_, 1806; pret. sg. gegnum

fōr [þā] ofer myrcan mōr, _there had_ (Grendel's mother) _gone away over

the dark fen_, 1405; sǣgenga fōr, _the seafarer_ (the ship) _drove along_,

1909; (wyrm) mid bǣle fōr, (the dragon) _fled away with fire_, 2309; pret.

pl. þæt ... scawan scīrhame tō scipe fōron, _that the visitors in

glittering attire betook themselves to the ship_, 1896.

gefaran, _to proceed, to act_: inf. hū se mānsceaða under fǣrgripum gefaran

wolde, _how he would act in his sudden attacks_, 739.

ūt faran, _to go out_: w. acc. lēt of brēostum ... word ūt faran, _let

words go out of his breast, uttered words_, 2552.

faroð, st. m., _stream, flood of the sea, shore, strand, edge_: dat. sg. tō

brimes faroðe, 28; æfter faroðe, _with the stream_, 580; æt faroðe, 1917.

faru, st. f., _way, passage, expedition_: in comp. ād-faru.

fācen-stæf (elementum nequitiae), st. m., _wickedness, treachery, deceit_.

acc. pl. fācen-stafas, 1019.

fāh, fāg, adj., _many-colored, variegated, of varying color_ (especially

said of the color of gold, of bronze, and of blood, in which the beams of

light are refracted): nom. sg. fāh (_covered with blood_), 420; blōde fāh,

935; ātertānum fāh (sc. īren) [This is the MS reading; emmended to

ātertēarum in text--KTH], 1460; sadol searwum fāh (_saddle artistically

ornamented with gold_), 1039; sweord swāte fāh, 1287; brim blōde fāh, 1595;

wældrēore fāg, 1632; (draca) fȳrwylmum fāh (_because he spewed flame_),

2672; sweord fāh and fǣted, 2702; blōde fāh, 2975; acc. sg. drēore fāhne,

447; goldsele fǣttum fāhne, 717; on fāgne flōr treddode, _trod the shining

floor_ (of Heorot), 726; hrōf golde fāhne, _the roof shining with gold_,

928; nom. pl. eoforlīc ... fāh and fȳr-beard, 305; acc. pl. þā hilt since

fāge, 1616; dat. pl. fāgum sweordum, 586.--Comp. bān-, blōd-, brūn-,

drēor-, gold-, gryre-, searo-, sinc-, stān-, swāt-, wæl-, wyrm-fāh.

fāh, fāg, fā, adj.: 1) _hostile_: nom. sg. fāh fēond-scaða, 554; hē wæs fāg

wið god (Grendel), 812; acc. sg. fāne (_the dragon_), 2656; gen. pl. fāra,

578, 1464.--2) _liable to pursuit, without peace, outlawed_: nom. sg. fāg,

1264; māne fāh, _outlawed through crime_, 979; fyren-dǣdum fāg,

1002.--Comp. nearo-fāh.

fāmig-heals, adj., _with foaming neck_: nom. sg. flota fāmig-heals, 218;

(sǣgenga) fāmig-heals, 1910.

fæc, st. n., _period of time_: acc. sg. lȳtel fæc, _during a short time_,

2241.

fæder, st. m., _father_: nom. sg. fæder, 55, 262, 459, 2609; of God, 1610;

fæder alwalda, 316; acc. sg. fæder, 1356; dat. sg. fæder, 2430; gen. sg.

fæder, 21, 1480; of God, 188--Comp.: ǣr, eald-fæder.

fædera, w. m., _father's brother_ in comp. suhter-gefæderan.

fæder-æðelo, st. n. pl., _paternus principatus_ (?): dat. pl. fæder-æðelum,

912.

fæderen-mǣg, st. m., _kinsman descended from the same father,

co-descendant_: dat. sg. fæderen-mǣge, 1264.

fæðm, st. m.: 1) _the outspread, encircling arms_: instr. pl. fēondes

fæð[mum], 2129.--2) _embrace, encircling_: nom. sg. līges fæðm, 782; acc.

sg. in fȳres fæðm, 185.--3) _bosom, lap_: acc. sg. on foldan fæðm, 1394;

wið eorðan fæðm, 3050; dat. pl. tō fæder (God's) fæðmum, 188.--4) _power,

property_: acc. in Francna fæðm, 1211.--Cf. sīd-fæðmed, sīð-fæðme.

fæðmian, w. v., _to embrace, to take up into itself_: pres. subj. þæt minne

līchaman ... glēd fæðmie, 2653; inf. lēton flōd fæðmian frætwa hyrde, 3134.

ge-fæg, adj., _agreeable, desirable_ (Old Eng., fawe, _willingly_): comp.

ge-fægra, 916.

fægen, adj., _glad, joyous_: nom. pl. ferhðum fægne, _the glad at heart_,

1634.

fæger, fǣger, adj., _beautiful, lovely_: nom. sg. fǣger fold-bold, 774;

fæger foldan bearm, 1138; acc. sg. freoðoburh fægere, 522; nom. pl. þǣr him

fold-wegas fægere þūhton, 867.--Comp. un-fǣger.

fægere, fægre, adv., _beautifully, well, becomingly, according to

etiquette_: fægere geþǣgon medoful manig, 1015; þā wæs flet-sittendum

fægere gereorded, _becomingly the repast was served_, 1789; Higelāc ongan

... fægre fricgean, 1986; similarly, 2990.

fær, st. n., _craft, ship_: nom. sg., 33.

fæst, adj., _bound, fast_: nom. sg. bið se slǣp tō fæst, 1743; acc. sg.

frēondscipe fæstne, 2070; fæste frioðuwǣre, 1097.--The prep. on stands to

denote the where or wherein: wæs tō fæst on þām (sc. on fǣhðe and fyrene),

137; on ancre fæst, 303. Or, oftener, the dative: fēond-grāpum fæst,

_(held) fast in his antagonist's clutch_, 637; fȳrbendum fæst, _fast in

the forged hinges_, 723; handa fæst, 1291, etc.; hygebendum fæst (beorn him

langað), _fast (shut) in the bonds of his bosom, the man longs for_ (i.e.

in secret), 1879.--Comp: ār-, blǣd-, gin-, sōð-, tīr-, wīs-fæst.

fæste, adv., _fæst_ 554, 761, 774, 789, 1296.--Comp. fæstor, 143.

be-fæstan, w. v., _to give over_: inf. hēt Hildeburh hire selfre sunu

sweoloðe befæstan, _to give over to the flames her own son_, 1116.

fæsten, st. n., _fortified place, or place difficult of access_: acc. sg.

lēoda fæsten, _the fastness of the Gēatas_ (with ref. to 2327, 2334; fæsten

(Ongenþēow's castle or fort), 2951; fæsten (Grendel's house in the

fen-sea), 104.

fæst-rǣd, adj., _firmly resolved_: acc. sg. fæst-rǣdne geþōht, _firm

determination_, 611.

fæt, st. m., _way, journey_: in comp. sīð-fæt.

fæt, st. n., _vessel; vase, cup_: acc. pl. fyrn-manna fatu, _the

(drinking-) vessels of men of old times_, 2762.--Comp.: bān-, drync-,

māððum-, sinc-, wundor-fæt.

fǣge, adj.: 1) _forfeited to death, allotted to death by fate_: nom. sg.

fǣge, 1756, 2142, 2976; fǣge and ge-flȳmed, 847; fūs and fǣge, 1242; acc.

sg. fǣgne flǣsc-homan, 1569; dat. sg. fǣgum, 2078; gen. sg. fǣges,

1528.--2) _dead_: dat. pl. ofer fǣgum (_over the warriors fallen in the

battle_), 3026.--Comp.: dēað-, un-fǣge.

fǣhð (_state of hostility_, see fāh), st. f., _hostile act, feud, battle_:

nom. sg. fǣhð, 2404, 3062; acc. sg. fǣhðe, 153, 459, 470, 596, 1334, etc.;

also of the unhappy bowshot of the Hrēðling, Hæðcyn, by which he killed his

brother, 2466; dat. sg. fore fǣhðe and fyrene, 137; nalas for fǣhðe mearn

(_did not recoil from the combat_), 1538; gen. sg, ne gefeah hē þǣre fǣhðe,

109; gen. pl. fǣhða gemyndig, 2690.--Comp. wæl-fǣhð.

fǣhðo, st. f., same as above: nom. sg. sīo fǣhðo, 3000; acc. fǣhðo, 2490.

fǣlsian, w. v., _to bring into a good condition, to cleanse_: inf. þæt ic

mōte ... Heorot fǣlsian (from the plague of Grendel), 432; pret. Hrōðgāres

... sele fǣlsode, 2353.

ge-fǣlsian, w. v., same as above: pret. part. hæfde gefǣlsod ... sele

Hrōðgāres, 826; Heorot is gefǣlsod, 1177; wǣron ȳð-gebland eal gefǣlsod,

1621.

fǣmne, w. f., _virgin, recens nupta_: dat. sg. fǣmnan, 2035; gen. sg.

fǣmnan, 2060, both times of Hrōðgār's daughter Frēaware.

fǣr, st. m., _sudden, unexpected attack_: nom. sg. (attack upon Hnæf's band

by Finn's), 1069, 2231.

fǣr-gripe, st. m., _sudden, treacherous gripe, attack_: nom. sg. fǣr-gripe

flōdes, 1517; dat. pl. under fǣrgripum, 739.

fǣr-gryre, st. m., _fright caused by a sudden attack_: dat. pl. wið

fǣr-gryrum (against the inroads of Grendel into Heorot), 174.

fǣringa, adv., _suddenly, unexpectedly_, 1415, 1989.

fǣr-nīð, st. m., _hostility with sudden attacks_: gen. pl. hwæt mē Grendel

hafað ... fǣrnīða gefremed, 476.

fǣt, st. n. (?), _plate, sheet of metal_, especially _gold plate_ (Dietrich

Hpt. Ztschr. XI. 420): dat. pl. gold sele ... fǣttum fāhne, _shining with

gold plates_ (the walls and the inner part of the roof were partly covered

with gold), 717; sceal se hearda helm hyrsted golde fǣtum befeallen (sc.

wesan), _the gold ornaments shall fall away from it_, 2257.

fǣted, fǣtt, part., _ornamented with gold beaten into plate-form_: gen. sg.

fǣttan goldes, 1094, 2247; instr. sg. fǣttan golde, 2103. Elsewhere,

_covered, ornamented with gold plate_: nom. sg. sweord ... fǣted, 2702;

acc. sg. fǣted wǣge, 2254, 2283; acc. pl. fǣtte scyldas, 333; fǣtte bēagas,

1751.

fǣted-hlēor, adj., phaleratus gena (Dietr.): acc. pl. eahta mēaras

fǣted-hlēore (_eight horses with bridles covered with plates of gold_),

1037.

fǣt-gold, st. n., _gold in sheets_ or _plates_: acc. sg., 1922.

feðer-gearwe, st. f. pl. _(feather-equipment), the feathers of the shaft of

the arrow_: dat. (instr.) pl. sceft feðer-gearwum fūs, 3120.

fel, st. n., _skin, hide_: dat. pl. glōf ... gegyrwed dracan fellum, _made

of the skins of dragons_, 2089.

fela, I., adj. indecl., _much, many_: as subst.: acc. sg. fela fricgende,

2107. With worn placed before: hwæt þū worn fela ... ymb Brecan sprǣce,

_how very much you spoke about Breca_, 530.--With gen. sg.: acc. sg. fela

fyrene, 810; wyrm-cynnes fela, 1426; worna fela sorge, 2004; tō fela micles

... Denigea lēode, _too much of the race of the Danes_, 695; uncūðes fela,

877; fela lāðes, 930; fela lēofes and lāðes, 1061.--With gen. pl.: nom. sg.

fela mādma, 36; fela þǣra wera and wīfa, 993, etc.; acc. sg. fela missēra,

153; fela fyrena, 164; ofer landa fela, 311; māððum-sigla fela (falo, MS.),

2758; nē mē swōr fela āða on unriht, _swore no false oaths_, 2739, etc.;

worn fela māðma, 1784; worna fela gūða, 2543.--Comp. eal-fela.

II., adverbial, _very_, 1386, 2103, 2951.

fela-hrōr, adj., valde agitatus, _very active against the enemy, very

warlike_, 27.

fela-mōdig, adj., _very courageous_: gen. pl. -mōdigra, 1638, 1889.

fela-synnig, adj., _very criminal, very guilty_: acc. sg. fela-sinnigne

secg (in MS., on account of the alliteration, changed to simple sinnigne),

1380.

fēolan, st. v., _to betake one's self into a place, to conceal one's self_:

pret. siððan inne fealh Grendles mōdor (in Heorot), 1282; þǣr inne fealh

secg syn-bysig (in the dragon's cave), 2227.--_to fall into, undergo,

endure_: searonīðas fealh, 1201.

æt-fēolan, w. dat., insistere, adhǣrere: pret. nō ic him þæs georne ætfealh

_(held him not fast enough_, 969.

fen, st. n., _fen, moor_: acc. sg. fen, 104; dat. sg. tō fenne, 1296;

fenne, 2010.

fen-freoðo, st. f., _refuge in the fen_: dat. sg. in fen-freoðo, 852.

feng, st. m., _gripe, embrace_: nom. sg. fȳres feng, 1765; acc. sg. fāra

feng (of the hostile sea-monsters), 578.--Comp. inwit-feng.

fengel (probably _he who takes possession_, cf. tō fōn, 1756, and fōn tō

rīce, _to enter upon the government_), st. m., _lord, prince, king_: nom.

sg. wīsa fengel, 1401; snottra fengel, 1476, 2157; hringa fengel, 2346.

fen-ge-lād, st. n., _fen-paths, fen with paths_: acc. pl. frēcne fengelād

(_fens difficult of access_), 1360.

fen-hlið, st. n., _marshy precipice_: acc. pl. under fen-hleoðu, 821.

fen-hop, st. n., _refuge in the fen_: acc. pl. on fen-hopu, 765.

ferh, st. m. n., _life_; see feorh.

ferh, st. m., _hog, boar_, here of the boar-image on the helmet: nom. sg.,

305.

ferhð, st. m., _heart, soul_: dat. sg. on ferhðe, 755, 949, 1719; gehwylc

hiora his ferhðe trēowde, þæt ..., _each of them trusted to his_

(Hunferð's) _heart, that_ ..., 1167; gen. sg. ferhðes fore-þanc, 1061; dat.

pl. (adverbial) ferhðum fægne, _happy at heart_, 1634; þæt mon ... ferhðum

frēoge, _that one ... heartily love_, 3178.--Comp.: collen-, sarig-,

swift-, wide-ferhð.

ferhð-frec, adj., _having good courage, bold, brave_: acc. sg. ferhð-frecan

Fin, 1147.

ferhð-genīðla, w. m., _mortal enemy_: acc. sg. ferhð-genīðlan, of the

drake, 2882.

ferian, w. v. w. acc., _to bear, to bring, to conduct_: pres. II. pl.

hwanon ferigeað fǣtte scyldas, 333; pret. pl. tō scypum feredon eal

ingesteald eorðcyninges, 1155; similarly, feredon, 1159, 3114.

æt-ferian, _to carry away, to bear off_: pret. ic þæt hilt þanan fēondum

ætferede, 1669.

ge-ferian, _bear, to bring, to lead_: pres. subj. I. pl. þonne (wē)

geferian frēan ūserne, 3108; inf. geferian ... Grendles hēafod, 1639; pret.

þæt hī ūt geferedon dȳre māðmas, 3131; pret. part. hēr syndon geferede

feorran cumene ... Gēata lēode, _men of the Gēatas, come from afar, have

been brought hither_ (by ship), 361.

oð-ferian, _to tear away, to take away_: pret. sg. I. unsōfte þonan feorh

oð-ferede, 2142.

of-ferian, _to carry off, to take away, to tear away_: pret. ōðer swylc ūt

offerede, _took away another such_ (sc. fifteen), 1584.

fetel-hilt, st. n., _sword-hilt_, with the gold chains fastened to it: acc.

(sg. or pl.?), 1564. (See "Leitfaden f. nord. Altertumskunde," pp.45, 46.)

fetian, w. v., _to bring near, bring_: pres. subj. nāh hwā ... fe[tige]

fǣted wǣge, _bring the gold-chased tankard_, 2254; pret. part. hraðe wæs tō

būre Bēowulf fetod, 1311.

ge-fetian, _to bring_: inf. hēt þā eorla hlēo in gefetian Hrēðles lāfe,

_caused Hrēðel's sword to be brought_, 2191.

ā-fēdan, w. v., _to nourish, to bring up_: pret. part. þǣr hē āfēded wæs,

694.

fēða (O.H.G. fendo), w. m.: 1) _foot-soldiers_: nom. pl. fēðan, 1328,

2545.--2) collective in sing., _band of foot-soldiers, troop of warriors_:

nom. fēða eal gesæt, 1425; dat. on fēðan, 2498, 2920.--Comp. gum-fēða.

fēðe, st. n., _gait, going, pace_: dat. sg. wæs tō foremihtig fēond on

fēðe, _the enemy was too strong in going_ (i.e. could flee too fast), 971.

fēðe-cempa, w. m., _foot-soldier_: nom. sg., 1545, 2854.

fēðe-gæst, st. m., _guest coming on foot_: dat. pl. fēðe-gestum, 1977.

fēðe-lāst, st. m., _signs of going, footprint_: dat. pl. fērdon forð þonon

fēðe-lāstum, _went forth from there upon their trail_, i.e. by the same way

that they had gone, 1633.

fēðe-wīg, st. m., _battle on foot_: gen. sg. nealles Hetware hrēmge þorfton

(sc. wesan) fēðe-wīges, 2365.

fēl (= fēol), st. f. _file_: gen. pl. fēla lāfe, _what the files have left

behind_ (that is, the swords), 1033.

fēran, w. v., iter (A.S. fōr) facere, _to come, to go, to travel_: pres.

subj. II. pl. ǣr gē ... on land Dena furður fēran, _ere you go farther into

the land of the Danes_, 254; inf. fēran on frēan wǣre (_to die_), 27;

gewiton him þā fēran (_set out upon their way_), 301; mǣl is mē tō fēran,

316; fēran ... gang scēawigan, _go, so as to see the footprints_, 1391;

wīde fēran, 2262; pret. fērdon folctogan ... wundor scēawian, _the princes

came to see the wonder_, 840; fērdon forð, 1633.

ge-fēran: 1) adire, _to arrive at_: pres. subj. þonne eorl ende gefēre

līfgesceafta, _reach the end of life_, 3064; pret. part. hæfde ǣghwæðer

ende gefēred lǣnan līfes, _frail life's end had both reached_, 2845.--2)

_to reach, to accomplish, to bring about_: pret. hafast þū gefēred þæt ...,

1222, 1856.--3) _to behave one's self, to conduct one's self_: pret. frēcne

gefērdon, _had shown themselves daring_, 1692.

feal, st. m., _fall_: in comp. wæl-feal.

feallan, st. v., _to fall, to fall headlong_: inf. feallan, 1071; pret. sg.

þæt hē on hrūsan ne fēol, _that it_ (the hall) _did not fall to the

ground_, 773; similarly, fēoll on foldan, 2976; fēoll on fēðan (dat. sg.),

_fell in the band_ (of his warriors), 2920; pret. pl. þonne walu fēollon,

1043.

be-feallen, pret. part. w. dat. or instr., _deprived of, robbed_: frēondum

befeallen, _robbed of friends_, 1127; sceal se hearda helm ... fǣtum

befeallen (sc. wesan), _be robbed of its gold mountings_ (the gold mounting

will fall away from it moldering), 2257.

ge-feallan, _to fall, to sink down_: pres. sg. III. þæt se līc-homa ...

fǣge gefealleð, _that the body doomed to die sinks down_, 1756.--Also, with

the acc. of the place whither: pret. meregrund gefēoll, 2101; hē eorðan

gefēoll, 2835.

fealu, adj., _fallow, dun-colored, tawny_: acc. sg. ofer fealone flōd

(_over the sea_), 1951; fealwe strǣte (with reference to 320, 917; acc. pl.

lēton on geflīt faran fealwe mēaras, 866.--Comp. æppel-fealo.

feax, st. n., _hair, hair of the head_: dat. sg. wæs be feaxe on flet boren

Grendles hēafod, _was carried by the hair into the hall_, 1648; him ...

swāt ... sprong forð under fexe, _the blood sprang out under the hair of

his head_, 2968.--Comp.: blonden-, gamol-, wunden-feax.

ge-fēa, w. m., _joy_: acc. sg. þǣre fylle gefēan, _joy at the abundant

repast_, 562; ic þæs ealles mæg ... gefēan habban (_can rejoice at all

this_), 2741.

fēa, adj., _few_ dat. pl. nemne fēaum ānum, _except some few_, 1082; gen.

pl. fēara sum, _as one of a few, with a few_, 1413; fēara sumne, _one of a

few (some few)_, 3062. With gen. following: acc. pl. fēa worda cwæð, _spoke

few words_, 2663, 2247.

fēa-sceaft, adj., _miserable, unhappy, helpless_: nom. sg. syððan ǣrest

wearð fēasceaft funden, 7; fēasceaft guma (Grendel), 974; dat. sg.

fēasceaftum men, 2286; Ēadgilse ... fēasceaftum, 2394; nom. pl. fēasceafte

(the Gēatas robbed of their king, Hygelāc), 2374.

feoh, fēo, st. n., (_properly cattle, herd_) here, _possessions, property,

treasure_: instr. sg. ne wolde ... feorh-bealo fēo þingian, _would not

allay life's evil for treasure_ (tribute), 156; similarly, þā fǣhðe fēo

þingode, 470; ic þē þā fǣhðe fēo lēanige, 1381.

ge-feohan, ge-fēon, st. v. w. gen. and instr., _to enjoy one's self, to

rejoice at something_: a) w. gen.: pret. sg. ne gefeah hē þǣre fǣhðe, 109;

hilde gefeh, beado-weorces, 2299; pl. fylle gefǣgon, _enjoyed themselves at

the bounteous repast_, 1015; þēodnes gefēgon, _rejoiced at_ (the return of)

_the ruler_, 1628.--b) w. instr.: niht-weorce gefeh, ellen-mǣrðum, 828;

secg weorce gefeh, 1570; sǣlāce gefeah, mægen-byrðenne þāra þe hē him mid

hæfde, _rejoiced at the gift of the sea, and at the great burden of that_

(Grendel's head and the sword-hilt) _which he had with him_, 1625.

feoh-gift, -gyft, st. f., _bestowing of gifts_ or _treasures_: gen. sg.

þǣre feoh-gyfte, 1026; dat. pl. æt feohgyftum, 1090; fromum feohgiftum,

_with rich gifts_, 21.

feoh-lēas, adj., _that cannot be atoned for through gifts_: nom. sg. þæt

wæs feoh-lēas gefeoht, _a deed of arms that cannot be expiated_ (the

killing of his brother by Hæðcyn), 2442.

ge-feoht, st. n., _combat; warlike deed_: nom. sg. (the killing of his

brother by Hæðcyn), 2442; dat. sg. mēce þone þīn fader tō gefeohte bær,

_the sword which thy father bore to the combat_, 2049.

ge-feohtan, st. v., _to fight_: inf. w. acc. ne mehte ... wīg Hengeste wiht

gefeohtan (_could by no means offer Hengest battle_), 1084.

feohte, w. f., _combat_: acc. sg. feohtan, 576, 960. See were-fyhte.

feor, adj., _far, remote_: nom. sg. nis þæt feor heonon, 1362; næs him feor

þanon tō gesēcanne sinces bryttan, 1922; acc. sg. feor eal (_all that is

far, past_), 1702.

feor, adv., _far, far away_: a) of space, 42, 109, 809, 1806, 1917; feor

and (oððe) nēah, _far and (or) near_, 1222, 2871; feorr, 2267.--b) of time:

gē feor hafað fǣhðe gestǣled (_has placed us under her enmity henceforth_),

1341.

Comparative, fyr, feorr, and feor: fyr and fæstor, 143; fyr, 252; feorr,

1989; feor, 542.

feor-būend, pt., _dwelling far away_: nom. pl. gē feor-būend, 254.

feor-cȳð, st. f., _home of those living far away, distant land_: nom, pl.

feor-cȳððe bēoð sēlran gesōhte þǣm þe him selfa dēah, _foreign lands are

better sought by him who trusts to his own ability_, 1839.

feorh, ferh (Goth. fairhvu-s, _world_), st. m. and n., _life, principle of

life, soul_: nom. sg. feorh, 2124; nō þon lange wæs feorh æðelinges flǣsce

bewunden, _not for much longer was the soul of the prince enveloped in the

body_ (he was near death), 2425; ferh ellen wræc, _life expelled the

strength_ (i.e. with the departing life the strength disappeared also),

2707; acc. sg. feorh ealgian, 797, 2656, 2669; feorh gehealdan, _preserve

his life_, 2857; feorh ālegde, _gave up his life_, 852; similarly, ǣr hē

feorh seleð, 1371; feorh oðferede, _tore away her life_, 2142; oð þæt hīe

forlǣddan tō þām lindplegan swǣse gesīðas ond hyra sylfra feorh, _till in

an evil hour they carried into battle their dear companions and their

lives_ (i.e. led them to their death), 2041; gif þū þīn feorh hafast, 1850;

ymb feorh sacan (_to fight for life_), 439; wæs in feorh dropen, _was

wounded into his life_, i.e. mortally, 2982; wīdan feorh, as temporal acc.,

_through a wide life_, i.e. always, 2015; dat. sg. fēore, 1294, 1549; tō

wīdan feore, _for a wide life_, i.e. at all times, 934; on swā geongum

feore (_at a so youthful age_), 1844; as instr., 578, 3014; gen. sg.

fēores, 1434, 1943; dat. pl. būton ... feorum gumena, 73; frēonda fēorum,

1307.--Also, _body, corpse_: þā wæs heal hroden fēonda fēorum (_the hall

was covered with the slain of the enemy_), 1153; gehwearf þā in Francna

fæðm feorh cyninges, _then the body of the king_ (Hygelāc) _fell into the

power of the Franks_, 1211. --Comp. geogoð-feorh.

feorh-bana, w. m., _(life-slayer), man-slayer, murderer_: dat. sg.

feorh-bonan, 2466.

feorh-ben, st. f., _wound that takes away life, mortal wound_: dat.

(instr.) pl. feorh-bennum sēoc, 2741.

feorh-bealu, st. n., _evil destroying life, violent death_: nom. sg., 2078,

2251, 2538; acc. sg., 156.

feorh-cyn, st. n., _race of the living, mankind_: gen. pl. fela

feorh-cynna, 2267.

feorh-genīðla, w. m., _he who seeks life, life's enemy_ (N.H.G. Tod-feind),

_mortal enemy_: acc. sg. -genīðlan, 1541; dat. sg. -genīðlan, 970; acc. sg.

brǣgd feorh-genīðlan, 1541; acc. pl. folgode feorh-genīðlan, (Ongenþēow)

_pursued his mortal enemies_, 2934.

feorh-lagu, st. f., _the life allotted to anyone, life determined by fate_:

acc. sg. on māðma hord mine (mīnne, MS.) bebohte frōde feorh-lege, _for the

treasure-hoard I sold my old life_, 2801.

feorh-lāst, st. m., _trace of (vanishing) life, sign of death _: acc. pl.

feorh-lāstas bær, 847.

feorh-sēoc, adj., _mortally wounded_: nom. sg., 821.

feorh-sweng, st. m., _(stroke robbing of life), fatal blow_: acc. sg.,

2490.

feorh-wund, st. f., _mortal wound, fatal injury_: acc. sg. feorh-wunde

hlēat, 2386.

feorm, st. f., _subsistence, entertainment_: acc. sg. nō þū ymb mīnes ne

þearft līces feorme leng sorgian, _thou needest no longer have care for the

sustenance of my body_, 451.--2) _banquet_: dat. on feorme (or feorme,

MS.), 2386.

feormend-lēas, adj., _wanting the. cleanser_: acc. pl. geseah ...

fyrn-manna fatu feormend-lēase, 2762.

feormian, w. v., _to clean, to cleanse, to polish_: pres. part. nom pl.

feormiend swefað (feormynd, MS.), 2257.

ge-feormian, w. v., _to feast, to eat_; pret. part. sōna hæfde unlyfigendes

eal gefeormod fēt and folma, 745.

feorran, w. v., w. acc., _to remove_: inf. sibbe ne wolde wið manna hwone

mægenes Deniga feorh-bealo feorran, fēo þingian, (Grendel) _would not from

friendship free any one of the men of the Danes of life's evil, nor allay

it for tribute_, 156.

feorran, adv., _from afar_: a) of space, 361, 430, 826, 1371, 1820, etc.;

siððan æðelingas feorran gefricgean flēam ēowerne, _when noble men afar

learn of your flight_ (when the news of your flight reaches distant lands),

2890; fērdon folctogan feorran and nēan, _from far and from near_, 840;

similarly, nēan and feorran þū nū [friðu] hafast, 1175; wæs þæs wyrmes wīg

wīde gesȳne ... nēan and feorran, _visible from afar, far and near_,

2318.--b) temporal: sē þe cūðe frumsceaft fīra feorran reccan (_since

remote antiquity_), 91; similarly, feorran rehte, 2107.

feorran-cund, adj., _foreign-born_: dat. sg. feorran-cundum, 1796.

feor-weg, st. m., _far way_: dat. pl. mādma fela of feorwegum, _many

precious things from distant paths_ (from foreign lands), 37.

ge-fēon. See feohan.

fēond, st. m., _enemy_: nom. sg., 164, 726, 749; fēond on helle (Grendel),

101; acc. sg., 279, 1865, 2707; dat. sg. fēonde, 143, 439; gen. sg.

fēondes, 985, 2129, 2290; acc, pl. fēond, 699; dat. pl. fēondum, 420, 1670;

gen. pl. feonda 294, 809, 904.

fēond-grāp, st. f., _foe's clutch_: dat. (instr.) pl. fēond-grāpum fæst,

637.

fēond-sceaða, w. m., _one who is an enemy and a robber_: nom. sg. fāh

fēond-scaða (_a hostile sea-monster_), 554.

fēond-scipe, st. m., _hostility_: nom. sg., 3000.

fēower, num., _four_: nom. fēower bearn, 59; fēower mēaras, 2164; fēower,

as substantive, 1638; acc. fēower māðmas, 1028.

fēower-tȳne, num., _fourteen_: nom. with following gen. pl. fēowertȳne

Gēata, 1642.

findan, st. v., _to find, to invent, to attain_: a) with simple object in

acc.: inf. þāra þe hē cēnoste findan mihte, 207; swylce hīe at Finnes-hām

findan meahton sigla searo-gimma, 1157; similarly, 2871; mæg þǣr fela

frēonda findan, 1839; wolde guman findan, 2295; swā hyt weorðlīcost

fore-snotre men findan mihton, _so splendidly as only very wise men could

devise it_, 3164; pret. sg. healþegnas fand, 720; word ōðer fand, _found

other words_, i.e. went on to another narrative, 871; grimne gryrelīcne

grund-hyrde fond, 2137; þæt ic gōdne funde bēaga bryttan, 1487; pret. part.

syððan ǣrest wearð fēasceaft funden (_discovered_), 7.--b) with acc. and

pred. adj.: pret. sg. dryhten sīnne drīorigne fand, 2790.--c) with acc. and

inf.: pret. fand þā þǣr inne æðelinga gedriht swefan, 118; fand wæccendne

wer wīges bīdan, 1268; hord-wynne fond opene standan, 2271; oð þæt hē

fyrgen-bēamas ... hleonian funde, 1416; pret. pl. fundon þā sāwullēasne

hlim-bed healdan, 3034.--d) with dependent clause: inf. nō þȳ ǣr

fēasceafte findan meahton æt þām æðelinge þæt hē Heardrēde hlāford wǣre

(_could by no means obtain it from the prince_), 2374.

on-findan, _to be sensible of, to perceive, to notice_: a) w. acc.: pret.

sg. landweard onfand eftsīð eorla, _the coast-guard observed the return of

the earls_, 1892; pret. part. þā hēo onfunden wæs (_was discovered_),

1294.--b) w. depend, clause: pret. sg. þā se gist onfand þæt se beado-lēoma

bītan nolde, _the stranger_ (Bēowulf) _perceived that the sword would not

cut_, 1523; sōna þæt onfunde, þæt ..., _immediately perceived that_...,

751; similarly, 810, 1498.

finger, st. m., _finger_: nom. pl. fingras, 761; acc. pl. fingras, 985;

dat. (instr.) pl. fingrum, 1506; gen. pl. fingra, 765.

fīras, fȳras (O.H.G. firahī, i.e. _the living_; cf. feorh), st. m., only

in pl., _men_: gen. pl. fīra, 91, 2742; monegum fīra, 2002; fȳra gehwylcne

lēoda mīnra, 2251; fīra fyrngeweorc, 2287.

firen, fyren, st. f., _cunning waylaying, insidious hostility, malice,

outrage_: nom. sg. fyren, 916; acc. sg. fyrene and fǣhðe, 153; fǣhðe and

fyrene, 880, 2481; firen' ondrysne, 1933; dat. sg. fore fǣhðe and fyrene,

137; gen. pl. fyrena, 164, 629; and fyrene, 812; fyrena hyrde (of Grendel),

751. The dat. pl., fyrenum, is used adverbially in the sense of

_maliciously_, 1745, or _fallaciously_, with reference to Hæðcyn's killing

Herebeald, which was done unintentionally, 2442.

firen-dǣd, st. f., _wicked deed_: acc. pl. fyren-dǣda, 1670; instr. pl.

fyren-dǣdum, 1002; both times of Grendel and his mother, with reference to

their nocturnal inroads.

firen-þearf, st. f., _misery through the malignity of enemies_: acc. sg.

fyren-þearfe, 14.

firgen-bēam, st. m., _tree of a mountain-forest_: acc. pl. fyrgen-bēamas,

1415.

firgen-holt, st. m., _mountain-wood, mountain-forest_: acc. sg. on

fyrgen-holt, 1394.

firgen-strēam, st. m., _mountain-stream_: nom. sg. fyrgen-strēam, 1360;

acc. sg. under fyrgen-strēam (marks the place where the mountain-stream,

according to 1360, empties into Grendel's sea), 2129.

fisc, st. m., _fish_: in comp. hron-, mere-fisc.

fīf, num., _five_: uninflect. gen. fīf nihta fyrst, 545; acc. fīfe (?),

420.

fīfel-cyn (O.N. fīfl, stultus and gigas), st. n., _giant-race_: gen. sg.

fīfelcynnes eard, 104.

fīf-tȳne, num., _fifteen_: acc. fȳftȳne, 1583; gen. fīftȳna sum, 207.

fīf-tig, num., _fifty_: 1) as substantive with gen. following; acc. fīftig

wintra, 2734; gen. sē wæs fīftiges fōt-gemearces lang, 3043.--2) as

adjective: acc. fīftig wintru, 2210.

flān, st. m., _arrow_: dat. sg. flāne, 3120; as instr., 2439.

flān-boga, w. m., _bow which shoots the flān, bow_: dat. sg. of flān-bogan,

1434, 1745.

flǣsc, st. n., _flesh, body in contrast with soul_: instr. sg. nō þon lange

wæs feorh æðelinges flǣsce bewunden, _not much longer was the son of the

prince contained in his body_, 2425.

flǣsc-hama, w. m., _clothing of flesh_, i.e. the body: acc. sg.

flǣsc-homan, 1569.

flet, st. n.: 1) _ground, floor of a hall_: acc. sg. hēo on flet gebēah,

_fell to the ground_, 1541; similarly, 1569.--2) _hall, mansion_: nom. sg.

1977; acc. sg. flet, 1037, 1648, 1950, 2018, etc.; flett, 2035; þæt hīe him

ōðer flet eal gerȳmdon, _that they should give up entirely to them another

hall_, 1087; dat. sg. on flette, 1026.

flet-ræst, st. f., _resting-place in the hall_: acc. sg. flet-ræste gebēag,

_reclined upon the couch in the hall_, 1242.

flet-sittend, pres. part., _sitting in the hall_: acc. pl -sittende, 2023;

dat. pl. -sittendum, 1789.

flet-werod, st. n., _troop from the hall_: nom. sg., 476.

flēam, st. m., _flight_: acc. sg. on flēam gewand, _had turned to flight_,

1002; flēam ēowerne, 2890.

flēogan, st. v., _to fly_: prs. sg. III. flēogeð, 2274.

flēon, st. v., _to flee_: inf. on heolster flēon, 756; flēon on fenhopu,

765; flēon under fen-hleoðu, 821; pret. hete-swengeas flēah, 2226.

be-flēon, w. acc., _to avoid, to escape_: gerund nō þæt ȳðe byð tō

beflēonne, _that is not easy_ (i.e. not at all) _to be avoided_, 1004.

ofer-flēon, w. acc., _to flee from one, to yield_: inf. nelle ic beorges

weard oferflēon fōtes trem, _will not yield to the warder of the mountain_

(the drake) _a foot's breadth_, 2526.

flēotan, st. v., _to float upon the water, to swim_: inf. nō hē wiht fram

mē flōd-ȳðum feor flēotan meahte. hraðor on helme, _no whit, could he swim

from me farther on the waves_ (regarded as instrumental, so that the waves

marked the distance), _more swiftly in the sea_, 542; pret. sǣgenga flēat

fāmigheals forð ofer ȳðe, _floated away over the waves_, 1910.

fliht. See flyht.

flitme. See un-flitme.

flītan, st. v., _to exert one's self, to strive, to emulate_: pres. part.

flītende fealwe strǣte mēarum mǣton (_rode a race_), 917; pret. sg. II.

eart þū se Bēowulf, sē þe wið Brecan ... ymb sund flite, _art thou the

Bēowulf who once contended with Breca for the prize in swimming?_ 507.

ofer-flītan, _to surpass one in a contest, to conquer, to overcome_: pret.

w. acc. hē þē æt sunde oferflāt (_overcome thee in a swimming-wager_), 517.

ge-flīt, st. n., _emulation_: acc. sg. lēton on geflīt faran fealwe mēaras,

_let the fallow horses go in emulation_, 866.

floga, w. m., _flyer_; in the compounds: gūð-, lyft-, ūht-, wid-floga.

flota (see flēotan), w. m., _float, ship, boat_: nom. sg., 210, 218, 301;

acc. sg. flotan ēowerne, 294.--Comp. wǣg-flota.

flot-here, st. m., _fleet_: instr. sg. cwōm faran flotherge on Frēsna land,

2916.

flōd, st. m., _flood, stream, sea-current_: nom. sg., 545, 580, 1362, etc.;

acc. sg. flōd, 3134; ofer fealone flōd, 1951; dat. sg. tō flōde, 1889; gen.

pl. flōda begong, _the region of floods_, i.e. the sea, 1498, 1827; flōda

genipu, 2809.

flōd-ȳð, st. f., _flood-wave_: instr. pl. flōd-ȳðum, 542.

flōr, st. m., _floor, stone-floor_: acc. sg. on fāgne flōr (the floor was

probably a kind of mosaic, made of colored flags), 726; dat. sg. gang þā

æfter flōre, _along the floor_ (i.e. along the hall), 1317.

flyht, fliht, st. m., _flight_: nom. sg. gāres fliht, _flight of the

spear_, 1766.

ge-flȳman, w. v., _to put to flight_: pret. part. geflȳmed, 847, 1371.

folc, st. n., _troop, band of warriors; folk_, in the sense of the whole

body of the fighting men of a nation: acc. sg. folc, 522, 694, 912; Sūðdene

folc, 464; folc and rīce, 1180; dat. sg. folce, 14, 2596; folce Deninga,

465; as instr. folce gestepte ofer sǣ sīde, _went with a band of warriors

over the wide sea_, 2394; gen. sg. folces, 1125; folces Denigea, 1583.--The

king is called folces hyrde, 611, 1833, 2645, 2982; frēawine folces, 2358;

or folces weard, 2514. The queen, folces cwēn, 1933.--The pl., in the sense

of _warriors, fighting men_: nom. pl. folc, 1423, 2949; dat. pl. folcum,

55, 262, 1856; gen. pl. frēo- (frēa-) wine folca, _of the king_, 430, 2430;

friðu-sibb folca, _of the queen_, 2018.--Comp. sige-folc.

folc-āgend, pres. part., _leader of a band of warriors_: nom. pl.

folc-āgende, 3114.

folc-beorn, st. m., _man of the multitude, a common man_: nom. sg.

folc-beorn, 2222.

folc-cwēn, st. f., _queen of a warlike host_: nom. sg., of Wealhþēow, 642.

folc-cyning, st. m., _king of a warlike host_: nom. sg., 2734, 2874.

folc-rǣd, st. m, _what best serves a warlike host_: acc. sg., 3007.

folc-riht, st. n., _the rights of the fighting men of a nation_: gen. pl.

him ǣr forgeaf ... folcrihta gehwylc, swā his fæder āhte, 2609.

folc-scearu, st. f., _part of a host of warriors, nation_: dat. sg.

folc-scare, 73.

folc-stede, st. m., _position of a band of warriors, place where a band of

warriors is quartered_: acc. sg. folcstede, of the hall, Heorot, 76;

folcstede fāra (_the battle-field_), 1464.

folc-toga, w. m., _leader of a body of warriors, duke_: nom. pl., powerful

liege-men of Hrōðgār are called folc-togan, 840.

fold-bold, st. n., _earth-house_ (i.e. a house on earth in contrast with a

dwelling in heaven): nom. sg. fǣger fold-bold, of the hall, Heorot, 774.

fold-būend, pres. part. _dweller on earth, man_: nom. pl. fold-būend, 2275;

fold-būende, 1356; dat. pl. fold-būendum, 309.

folde, w. f., _earth, ground_: acc. sg. under foldan, 1362; fēoll on

foldan, 2976; gen. sg. foldan bearm, _the bosom of the earth_, 1138; foldan

scēatas, 96; foldan fæðm, 1394.--Also, _earth, world_: dat. sg. on foldan,

1197.

fold-weg, st. m., _field-way, road through the country_: acc. sg. fold-weg,

1634; acc. pl. fold-wegas, 867.

folgian, w. v.: 1) _to perform vassal-duty, to serve, to follow_: pret. pl.

þēah hīe hira bēaggyfan banan folgedon, _although they followed the

murderer of their prince_, 1103.--2) _to pursue, to follow after_: folgode

feorh-genīðlan (acc. pl.) 2934.

folm, st. f, _hand_: acc. sg. folme, 971, 1304; dat. sg. mid folme, 743;

acc. pl. fēt and folma, _feet and hands_, 746; dat. pl. tō banan folmum,

158; folmum (instr.), 723, 993.--Comp.: beado-, gearo-folm.

for, prep. w. dat., instr., and acc.: 1) w. dat. local, _before_, ante: þæt

hē for eaxlum gestōd Deniga frēan, 358; for hlāwe, 1121.--b) _before_,

coram, in conspectu: no hē þǣre feohgyfte for scēotendum scamigan þorfte,

_had no need to be ashamed of the gift before the warriors_, 1027; for þǣm

werede, 1216; for eorlum, 1650; for duguðe, _before the noble band of

warriors_, 2021.--Causal, a) to denote a subjective motive, _on account of,

through, from_: for wlenco, _from bravery, through warlike courage_, 338,

1207; for wlence, 508; for his wonhȳdum, 434; for onmēdlan, 2927, etc.--b)

objective, partly denoting a cause, _through, from, by reason of_: for

metode, _for the creator, on account of the creator_, 169; for þrēanȳdum,

833; for þrēanēdlan, 2225; for dolgilpe, _on account of, in accordance with

the promise of bold deeds_ (because you claimed bold deeds for yourself),

509; him for hrōfsele hrīnan ne mehte fǣr-gripe flōdes, _on account of the

roofed hall the malicious grasp of the flood could not reach him_, 1516;

līg-egesan wæg for horde, _on account of_ (the robbing of) _the treasure_,

2782; for mundgripe mīnum, _on account of, through the gripe of my hand_,

966; for þæs hildfruman hondgeweorce, 2836; for swenge, _through the

stroke_, 2967; ne meahte ... dēop gedȳgan for dracan lēge, _could not hold

out in the deep on account of the heat of the drake_, 2550. Here may be

added such passages as ic þǣm gōdan sceal for his mōdþræce māðmas bēodan,

_will offer him treasures on account of his boldness of character, for his

high courage_, 385; ful-oft for lǣssan lēan teohhode, _gave often reward

for what was inferior_, 952; nalles for ealdre mearn, _was not uneasy about

his life_, 1443; similarly, 1538. Also denoting purpose: for ārstafum, _to

the assistance_, 382, 458.--2) w. instr. causal, _because of, for_: hē hine

feor forwræc for þȳ mane, 110.--3) w. acc., _for, as, instead of_: for

sunu frēogan, _love as a son_, 948; for sunu habban, 1176; nē him þæs

wyrmes wīg for wiht dyde, _held the drake's fighting as nothing_, 2349.

foran, adv., _before, among the first, forward_: siððan ... scēawedon

fēondes fingras, foran ǣghwylc (_each before himself_), 985; þæt wæs ān

foran ealdgestrēona, _that was one among the first of the old treasures_,

i.e. a splendid old treasure, 1459; þē him foran ongēan linde bǣron, _bore

their shields forward against him_ (went out to fight against him), 2365.

be-foran: 1) adv., local, _before_: hē ... beforan gengde, _went before_,

1413; temporal, _before, earlier_, 2498.--2) prep. w. acc. _before_, in

conspectu: mǣre māððum-sweord manige gesāwon beforan beorn beran, 1025.

ford, st. m., _ford, water-way_: acc. sg. ymb brontne ford, 568.

forð: 1) local, _forth, hither, near_: forð near ætstōp, _approached

nearer_, 746; þā cwōm Wealhþēo forð gān, 1163; similarly, 613; him seleþegn

forð wīsade, _led him_ (Bēowulf) _forth_ (to the couch that had been

prepared for him in Heorot), 1796; þæt him swāt sprong forð under fexe,

_forth under the hair of his head_, 2968. _Forward, further_: gewītað forð

beran wǣpen and gewǣdu, 291; hē tō forð gestōp, 2290; freoðo-wong þone forð

oferēodon, 2960. _Away, forth_, 45, 904; fyrst forð gewāt, _the time_ (of

the way to the ship) _was out_, i.e. they had arrived at the ship, 210; mē

... forð-gewitenum, _to me the departed_, 1480; fērdon forð, _went forth_

(from Grendel's sea), 1633; þonne hē forð scile, _when he must (go) forth_,

i.e. die, 3178; hine mihtig god ... ofer ealle men forð gefremede, _carried

him forth, over all men_, 1719.--2) temporal, _forth, from now on_: heald

forð tela nīwe sibbe, 949; ic sceal forð sprecan gēn ymbe Grendel, _shall

from now on speak again of Grendel_, 2070. See furðum and furðor.

forð-gerīmed, pres. part., _in unbroken succession_, 59.

forð-gesceaft, st. f., _that which is determined for farther on, future

destiny_: acc. sg. hē þā forð-gesceaft forgyteð and forgȳmeð, 1751.

forð-weg, st. m., _road that leads away, journey_: hē of ealdre gewāt frōd

on forð-weg (_upon the way to the next world_), 2626.

fore, prep. w. dat., local, _before_, coram, in conspectu: hēo fore þǣm

werede spræc, 1216. Causal, _through, for, because of_: nō mearn fore fǣhðe

and fyrene, 136; fore fæder dǣdum, _because of the father's deeds_,

2060,--Allied to this is the meaning, _about_, de, super: þǣr wæs sang and

swēg samod ætgædere fore Healfdenes hildewīsan, _song and music about

Healfdene's general_ (the song of Hnæf), 1065.

fore-mǣre, adj., _renowned beyond (others)_, prǣclarus: superl. þæt wæs

fore-mǣrost foldbūendum receda under roderum, 309.

fore-mihtig, adj., _able beyond (others)_, prǣpotens: nom. sg. wæs tō

foremihtig fēond on fēðe, _the enemy was too strong in going_ (could flee

too rapidly), 970.

fore-snotor, adj., _wise beyond (others)_, sapientissimus: nom. pl.

foresnotre men, 3164.

fore-þanc, st. m., _forethought, consideration, deliberation_: nom. sg.,

1061.

forht, adj., _fearful, cowardly_: nom. sg. forht, 2968; hē on mōde wearð

forht on ferhðe, 755.--Comp. unforht.

forma, adj., _foremost, first_: nom. sg. forma sīð (_the first time_), 717,

1464, 1528, 2626; instr. sg. forman sīðe, 741, 2287; forman dōgore, 2574.

fyrmest, adv. superl., _first of all, in the first place_: hē fyrmest læg,

2078.

forst, st. m., _frost, cold_: gen. sg. forstes bend, 1610.

for-þām, for-þan, for-þon, adv. and conj., _therefore, on that account,

then_: forþām, 149; forþan, 418, 680, 1060; forþon þe, _because_, 503.

fōn, st. v., _to catch, to grasp, to take hold, to take_: prs. sg. III.

fēhð ōðer tō, _another lays hold_ (takes possession), 1756; inf. ic mid

grāpe sceal fōn wið fēonde, 439; pret. sg. him tōgēanes fēng, _caught at

him, grasped at him_, 1543; w. dat. hē þām frætwum fēng, _received the rich

adornments_ (Ongenþēow's equipment), 2990.

be-fōn, _to surround, to ensnare, to encompass, to embrace_: pret. part.

hyne sār hafað ... nearwe befongen balwon bendum, 977; hēo æðelinga ānne

hæfde fæste befangen (_had seized him firmly_), 1296; helm ... befongen

frēawrāsnum (_encircled by an ornament like a diadem_), 1452; fenne

bifongen, _surrounded by the fen_, 2010; (draca) fȳre befongen, _encircled

by fire_, 2275, 2596; hæfde landwara līge befangen, _encompassed by fire_,

2322.

ge-fōn, w. acc., _to seize, to grasp_: pret. hē gefēng slǣpendne rinc, 741;

gūðrinc gefēng atolan clommum, 1502; gefēng þā be eaxle ... Gūðgēata lēod

Grendles mōdor, 1538; gefēng þā fetelhilt, 1564; hond rond gefēng, geolwe

linde, 2610; ic on ofoste gefēng micle mid mundum mægen-byrðenne, _hastily

I seized with my hands the enormous burden_, 3091.

on-fōn, w. dat., _to receive, to accept, to take_: pres. imp. sg. onfōh

þissum fulle, _accept this cup_, 1170; inf. þæt þæt þēodnes bearn ...

scolde fæder-æðelum onfōn, _receive the paternal rank_, 912; pret. sg. hwā

þǣm hlæste onfēng, _who received the ship's lading_, 52; hlēor-bolster

onfēng eorles andwlitan, _the pillow received the nobleman's face_, 689;

similarly, 853, 1495; heal swēge onfēng, _the hall received the loud

noise_, 1215; hē onfēng hraðe inwit-þancum, _he_ (Bēowulf) _at once

clutched him_ (Grendel) _devising malice_, 749.

þurh-fōn, w. acc., _to break through with grasping, to destroy by

grasping_: inf. þæt hēo þone fyrd-hom þurh-fōn ne mihte, 1505.

wið-fōn, w. dat., _(to grasp at), to seize, to lay hold of_: pret. sg. him

fæste wið-fēng, 761.

ymbe-fōn, w. acc., _to encircle_: pret. heals ealne ymbefēng biteran bānum,

_encircled his_ (Bēowulf's) _whole neck with sharp bones_ (teeth), 2692.

fōt, st. m., _foot_: gen. sg. fōtes trem (_the measure of a foot, a foot

broad_), 2526; acc. pl. fēt, 746; dat. pl. æt fōtum, _at the feet_, 500,

1167.

fōt-gemearc, st. n., _measure, determining by feet, number of feet_: gen.

sg. sē wæs fīftiges fōtgemearces lang (_fifty feet long_), 3043.

fōt-lāst, st. m., _foot-print_: acc. sg. (draca) onfand fēondes fōt-lāst,

2290.

fracod, adj., _objectionable, useless_. nom. sg. næs sēo ecg fracod

hilde-rince, 1576.

fram, from, I. prep. w. dat. loc. _away from something_: þǣr fram sylle

ābēag medubenc monig, 776, 1716; þanon eft gewiton ealdgesīðas ... fram

mere, 856; cyning-balde men from þǣm holmclife hafelan bǣron, 1636;

similarly, 541, 543, 2367. Standing after the dat.: hē hine feor forwræc

... mancynne fram, 110; similarly, 1716. Also, _hither from something_: þā

ic cwōm ... from fēondum, 420; ǣghwæðrum wæs ... brōga fram ōðrum,

2566.--Causal with verbs of saying and hearing, _of, about, concerning_:

sægdest from his sīðe, 532; nō ic wiht fram þē swylcra searo-nīða secgan

hȳrde, 581; þæt hē fram Sigemunde secgan hyrde, 876. II adv., _away,

thence_: nō þȳ ǣr fram meahte, 755; _forth, out_: from ǣrest cwōm oruð

āglǣcean ūt of stāne, _the breath of the dragon came forth first from the

rock_ 2557.

fram, from, adj.: 1) _directed forwards, striving forwards_; in comp.

sīð-fram.--2) _excellent, splendid_, of a man with reference to his warlike

qualities: nom. sg. ic eom on mōde from, 2528; nom. pl. frome fyrd-hwate,

1642, 2477. Of things: instr. pl. fromum feoh-giftum, 21.--Comp. un-from;

see freme, forma.

ge-frægen. See frignan.

frætwe, st. f. pl., _ornament, anything costly_, originally _carved

objects_ (cf. Dietrich in Hpts. Ztschr. X. 216 ff.), afterwards of any

costly and artistic work: acc. pl. frætwe, 2920; beorhte frætwe, 214;

beorhte frætwa, 897; frætwe.. eorclan-stānas, 1208; frætwe,...

brēost-weorðunge, 2504, both times of Hygelāc's collar; frætwe and

fæt-gold, 1922; frætwe (Eanmund's sword and armor), 2621; dat. instr. pl.

þām frætwum, 2164; on frætewum, 963; frætwum (Heaðobeard sword) hrēmig,

2055; frætwum, of the drake's treasures, 2785; frætwum (Ongenþēow's armor),

2990; gen. pl. fela ... frætwa, 37; þāra frætwa (drake's treasure), 2795;

frætwa hyrde (drake), 3134.

frætwan, w. v., _to supply with ornaments, to adorn_: inf. folc-stede

frætwan, 76.

ge-frætwian, w. v., _to adorn_: pret. sg. gefrætwade foldan scēatas leomum

and lēafum, 96; pret. part. þā wæs hāten Heort innanweard folmum gefrætwod,

993.

ge-frǣge, adj., _known by reputation, renowned_: nom. sg. lēod-cyning ...

folcum gefrǣge, 55; swā hyt gefrǣge wæs, 2481.

ge-frǣge, st. n., _information through hearsay_: instr. sg. mine gefrǣge

(_as I learned through the narrative of others_), 777, 838, 1956, etc.

ge-frǣgnian, w. v., _to become known through hearsay_: pret. part. fylle

gefrǣgnod (of Grendel's mother, who had become known through the carrying

off of Æschere), 1334?

freca, w. m., properly _a wolf_, as one that breaks in, robs; here a

designation of heroes: nom. sg. freca Scildinga, of Bēowulf, 1564.--Comp.:

gūð-, hilde-, scyld-, sweord-, wīg-freca; ferð-frec (adj.).

fremde, adj., properly _distant, foreign_; then _estranged, hostile_: nom

sg. þæt wæs fremde þēod ēcean dryhtne, of the giants, 1692.

freme, adj., _excellent, splendid_: nom. sg. fem. fremu folces cwēn, of

Þrȳðo, 1933(?).

fremman, w. v., _to press forward, to further_, hence: 1) in general, _to

perform, to accomplish, to do, to make_: pres. subj. without an object,

fremme sē þe wille, _let him do (it) whoever will_, 1004. With acc.: imp.

pl. fremmað gē nū lēoda þearfe, 2801; inf. fyrene fremman, 101; sæcce

fremman, 2500; fǣhðe ... mǣrðum fremman, 2515, etc.; pret. sg. folcrǣd

fremede (_did what was best for his men_, i.e. ruled wisely), 3007; pl. hū

þā æðelingas ellen fremedon, 3; feohtan fremedon, 960; nalles fācenstafas

... þenden fremedon, 1020; pret. subj. þæt ic ... mǣrðo fremede, 2135. --2)

_to help on, to support_: inf. þæt hē mec fremman wile wordum and worcum

(to an expedition), 1833.

ge-fremman, w. acc., _to do, to make, to render_: inf. gefremman eorlīc

ellen, 637; helpan gefremman, _to give help_, 2450; æfter wēaspelle wyrpe

gefremman, _to work a change after sorrow_ (to give joy after sorrow),

1316; gerund, tō gefremmanne, 174, 2645; pret. sg. gefremede, 135, 165,

551, 585, etc.; þēah þe hine mihtig god ... ofer ealle men forð gefremede,

_placed him away, above all men_, i.e. raised him, 1719; pret. pl.

gefremedon, 1188, 2479; pret. subj. gefremede, 177; pret. part. gefremed,

476; fem, nū scealc hafað ... dǣd gefremede, 941; absolutely, þū þē self

hafast dǣdum gefremed, þæt ..., _hast brought it about by thy deeds that_,

955.

fretan, st. v., _to devour, to consume_: inf. þā (the precious things)

sceal brond fretan, 3015; nū sceal glēd fretan wigena strengel, 3115; pret.

sg. (Grendel) slǣpende fræt folces Denigea fȳftȳne men, 1582.

frēcne, adj., _dangerous, bold_: nom. sg. frēcne fȳr-draca, 2690;

feorh-bealo frēcne, 2251, 2538; acc. sg. frēcne dǣde, 890; frēcne fengelād,

1360; frēcne stōwe, 1379; instr. sg. frēcnan sprǣce (_through provoking

words_), 1105.

frēcne, adv., _boldly, audaciously_, 960, 1033, 1692.

frēa, w. m., _ruler, lord_, of a temporal ruler: nom. sg. frēa, 2286; acc.

sg. frēan, 351, 1320, 2538, 3003, 3108; gen. sg. frēan, 359, 500, 1167,

1681; dat. sg. frēan, 271, 291, 2663. Of a husband: dat. sg. ēode ... tō

hire frēan sittan, 642. Of God: dat. sg. frēan ealles, _the Lord of all_,

2795; gen. sg. frēan, 27.-- Comp.: āgend-, līf-, sin-frēa.

frēa-dryhten, st. m., _lord, ruling lord_: gen. sg. frēa-drihtnes, 797.

frēa-wine, st. m., _lord and friend, friendly ruler_: nom. sg. frēa-wine

folces (folca), 2358, 2430; acc. sg. his frēa-wine, 2439.

frēa-wrāsn, st. f., _encircling ornament like a diadem_: instr. pl. helm

... befongen frēawrāsnum, 1452; see wrāsn.

freoðu, friðu, f., _protection, asylum, peace_: acc. sg. wēl bið þǣm þe mōt

... tō fæder fæðmum freoðo wilnian, _who may obtain an asylum in God's

arms_, 188; nēan and feorran þū nū [friðu] hafast, 1175.--Comp. fen-freoðo.

freoðo-burh, st. f., _castle, city affording protection_: acc. sg.

freoðoburh fægere, 522.

freoðo-wong, st. m., _field of peace, field of protection_: acc. sg., 2960;

seems to have been the proper name of a field.

freoðo-wǣr, st. f., _peace-alliance, security of peace_: acc. sg. þā hīe

getruwedon on twā healfa fæste frioðu-wǣre, 1097; gen. sg. frioðowǣre bæd

hlāford sīnne, _entreated his lord for the protection of peace_ (i.e. full

pardon for his delinquency), 2283.

freoðo-webbe, w. f., _peace-weaver_, designation of the royal consort

(often one given in marriage as a confirmation of a peace between two

nations): nom. sg., 1943.

frēo-burh, st. f., = frēa-burg (?), _ruler's castle_ (?) (according to

Grein, arx ingenua): acc. sg. frēoburh, 694.

frēod, st. f., _friendship_: acc. sg. frēode ne woldon ofer heafo healdan,

2477; gen. sg. næs þǣr māra fyrst frēode tō friclan, _was no longer time to

seek for friendship_, 2557; --_favor, acknowledgement_: acc. sg. ic þē

sceal mīne gelǣstan frēode (_will show myself grateful_, with reference to

1381 ff.), 1708.

frēo-dryhten (= frēa-dryhten), st. m., _lord, ruler_; according to Grein,

dominus ingenuus vel nobilis: nom. sg. as voc. frēo-drihten min! 1170; dat.

sg. mid his frēo-dryhtne, 2628.

frēogan, w. v., _to love; to think of lovingly_: pres. subj. þæt mon his

wine-dryhten ... ferhðum frēoge, 3178; inf. nū ic þec ... mē for sunu wylle

frēogan on ferhðe, 949.

frēo-līc, adj., _free, free-born_ (here of the lawful wife in contrast with

the bond concubine): nom. sg. frēolīc wīf, 616; frēolīcu folc-cwēn, 642.

frēond, st. m., _friend_: acc. sg. frēond, 1386, 1865; dat. pl. frēondum,

916, 1019, 1127; gen. pl. frēonda, 1307, 1839.

frēond-laðu, st. f., _friendly invitation_: nom. sg. him wæs ful boren and

frēond-laðu (_friendly invitation to drink_) wordum bewægned, 1193.

frēond-lār, st. f., _friendly counsel_: dat. (instr.) pl. frēond-lārum,

2378.

frēond-līce, adv., _in a friendly manner, kindly_: compar. frēond-līcor,

1028.

frēond-scipe, st. m., _friendship_: acc. sg. frēond-scipe fæstne, 2070.

frēo-wine, st. m. (see frēawine), _lord and friend, friendly ruler_;

according to Grein, amicus nobilis, princeps amicus: nom. sg. as voc.

frēo-wine folca! 430.

fricgean, w. v., _to ask, to inquire into_: inf. ongan sīnne geseldan fægre

fricgean hwylce Sǣ-Gēata sīðas wǣron, 1986; pres. part, gomela Scilding

fela fricgende feorran rehte, _the old Scilding, asking many questions_

(having many things related to him), _told of old times_ (the conversation

was alternate), 2107.

ge-fricgean, _to learn, to learn by inquiry_: pres. pl. syððan hīe

ge-fricgeað frēan ūserne ealdorlēasne, _when they learn that our lord is

dead_, 3003; pres. subj. gif ic þæt gefricge, þæt..., 1827; pl. syððan

æðelingas feorran gefricgean flēam ēowerne, 2890.

friclan (see freca), w. v. w. gen., _to seek, to desire, to strive for_:

inf. næs þǣr māra fyrst frēode tō friclan, 2557.

friðo-sib, st. f., _kin for the confirming of peace_, designation of the

queen (see freoðo--webbe), _peace-bringer_: nom. sg. friðu-sibb folca,

2018.

frignan, fringan, frīnan, st. v., _to ask, to inquire_: imp. ne frīn þū

æfter sǣlum, _ask not after the well-being!_ 1323; inf. ic þæs wine Deniga

frīnan wille ... ymb þīnne sīð, 351; pret. sg. frægn, 236, 332; frægn gif

..., _asked whether_ ..., 1320.

ge-frignan, ge-fringan, ge-frīnan, _to find out by inquiry, to learn by

narration._ pret. sg. (w. acc.) þæt fram hām gefrægn Higelāces þegn

Grendles dǣda, 194; nō ic gefrægn heardran feohtan, 575; (w. acc. and inf.)

þā ic wīde gefrægn weorc gebannan, 74; similarly, 2485, 2753, 2774; ne

gefrægen ic þā mǣgðe māran weorode ymb hyra sincgyfan sēl gebǣran, _I never

heard that any people, richer in warriors, conducted itself better about

its chief_, 1012; similarly, 1028; pret. pl. (w. acc.) wē þēodcyninga þrym

gefrūnon, 2; (w. acc. and inf.) geongne gūðcyning gōdne gefrūnon hringas

dǣlan, 1970; (parenthetical) swā guman gefrungon, 667, (after þonne)

medo-ærn micel (_greater_) ... þone yldo bearn ǣfre gefrūnon, 70; pret.

part. hæfde Higelāces hilde gefrūnen, 2953; hæfdon gefrūnen þæt..., _had

learned that_ ..., 695; hæfde gefrūnen hwanan sīo fǣhð ārās, 2404;

healsbēaga mǣst þāra þe ic on foldan gefrægen hæbbe, 1197.

from, See fram.

frōd, adj.: 1) ǣtate provectus, _old, gray_: nom. sg. frōd, 2626, 2951;

frōd cyning, 1307, 2210; frōd folces weard, 2514; wintrum frōd, 1725, 2115,

2278; se frōda, 2929; ac. sg. frōde feorhlege (_the laying down of my old

life_), 2801; dat. sg. frōdan fyrnwitan (may also, from its meaning, belong

under No. 2), 2124.--2) mente excellentior, _intelligent, experienced,

wise_: nom. sg. frōd, 1367; frōd and gōd, 279; on mōde frōd, 1845.--Comp.:

in-, un-frōd.

frōfor, st. f., _consolation, compensation, help_: nom. sg. frōfor, 2942;

acc. sg. frōfre, 7, 974; fyrena frōfre, 629; frōfre and fultum, 1274;

frōfor and fultum, 699; dat. sg. tō frōfre, 14, 1708; gen. sg. frōfre, 185.

fruma (see forma), w. m., _the foremost_, hence: l) _beginning_: nom. sg.

wæs se fruma egeslīc lēodum on lande, swā hyt lungre wearð on hyra

sincgifan sāre geendod (_the beginning of the dragon-combat was terrible,

its end distressing through the death of Bēowulf_), 2310.--2) _he who

stands first, prince_; in comp. dǣd-, hild-, land-, lēod-, ord-, wīg-fruma.

frum-cyn, st. n., (genus primitivum), _descent, origin_: acc. sg. nū ic

ēower sceal frumcyn witan, 252.

frum-gār, st. m., primipilus, _duke, prince_: dat. sg. frumgāre (of

Bēowulf), 2857.

frum-sceaft, st. f., prima creatio, _beginning_: acc. sg. sē þe cūðe

frumsceaft fīra feorran reccan, _who could tell of the beginning of mankind

in old times_, 91; dat. sg. frum-sceafte, _in the beginning_, i.e at his

birth, 45.

fugol, st. m., _bird_: dat. sg. fugle gelīcost, 218; dat. pl. [fuglum] tō

gamene, 2942.

ful, adj., _full, filled_: nom. sg. w. gen. pl. sē wæs innan full wrǣtta

and wīra, 2413.--Comp.: eges-, sorh-, weorð-ful.

ful, adv., plene, _very_: ful oft, 480; ful-oft, 952.

ful, st. n., _cup, beaker_: nom. sg., 1193; acc. sg. ful, 616, 629, 1026;

ofer ȳða ful, _over the cup of the waves_ (the basin of the sea filled

with waves), 1209; dat. sg. onfōh þissum fulle, 1170.--Comp.: medo-,

sele-full.

fullǣstian, w. v. w. dat, _to give help_: pres. sg. ic þē fullǣstu, 2669.

fultum, st. m., _help, support, protection_: acc. sg. frōfor (frōfre) and

fultum, 699, 1274; mægenes fultum, 1836; on fultum, 2663.--Comp.

mægen-fultum.

fundian, w. v., _to strive, to have in view_: pres. pl. wē fundiað Higelāc

sēcan, 1820; pret. sg. fundode of geardum, 1138.

furðum, adv., primo, _just, exactly; then first_: þā ic furðum wēold folce

Deninga, _then first governed the people of the Danes_ (had just assumed

the government), 465; þā hīe tō sele furðum ... gangan cwōmon, 323; ic þǣr

furðum cwōm tō þām hringsele, 2010;--_before, previously_: ic þē sceal mīne

gelǣstan frēode, swā wit furðum sprǣcon, 1708.

furður, adv., _further, forward, more distant_, 254, 762, 3007.

fūs, adj., _inclined to, favorable, ready_: nom. sg. nū ic eom sīðes fūs,

1476; lēofra manna fūs, _prepared for the dear men_, i.e. expecting them,

1917; sigel sūðan fūs, _the sun inclined from the south_ (midday sun),

1967; se wonna hrefn fūs ofer fǣgum, _eager over the slain_, 3026; sceft

... feðer-gearwum fūs, 3120; nom. pl. wǣron ... eft to lēodum fūse tō

farenne, 1806.--Sometimes fūs means _ready for death_, moribundus: fūs and

fǣge, 1242.--Comp.: hin-, ūt-fūs.

fūs-līc, adj., _prepared, ready_: acc. sg. fūs-līc f[yrd]-lēoð, 1425;

fyrd-searo fūs-līc, 2619; acc. pl. fyrd-searu fūs-līcu, 232.

fyl, st. m., _fall_: nom. sg. fyll cyninges, _the fall of the king_ (in the

dragon-fight), 2913; dat. sg. þæt hē on fylle wearð, _that he came to a

fall, fell_, 1545.--Comp. hrā-fyl.

fylce (collective form from folc), st. n., _troop, band of warriors_: in

comp. æl-fylce.

ge-fyllan (see feal), w. v., _to fell, to slay in battle_: inf. fāne

gefyllan, _to slay the enemy_, 2656; pret. pl. fēond gefyldan, _they had

slain the enemy_, 2707.

ā-fyllan (see ful), w. v., _to fill_: pret. part. Heorot innan wæs frēondum

āfylled (_was filled with trusted men_), 1019.

fyllo, st. f. (_plenty, abundant meal_: dat. (instr.) sg. fylle gefrǣgnod,

1334; gen. sg. næs hīe þǣre fylle gefēan hæfdon, 562; fylle gefǣgon,

1015.--Comp.: wæl-, wist-fyllo.

fyl-wērig, adj., _weary enough to fall, faint to death_, moribundus: acc.

sg. fyl-wērigne, 963.

fyr. See feor.

fyrian, w. v. w. acc. (= ferian) _to bear, to bring, carry_: pret. pl. þā

þe gif-sceattas Gēata fyredon þyder tō þance, 378.

fȳras. See fīras.

fyren. See firen.

fyrde, adj., _movable, that can be moved_.--Comp. hard-fyrde.--Leo.

fyrd-gestealla, w. m., _comrade on an expedition, companion in battle_:

dat. pl. fyrd-gesteallum, 2874

fyrd-ham, st. m., _war-dress, coat of mail_: acc. sg. þone fyrd-hom, 1505.

fyrd-hrægl, st. n., _coat of mail, war-dress_: acc. sg. fyrd-hrægl, 1528.

fyrd-hwæt, adj., _sharp, good in war, warlike_: nom. pl. frome fyrd-hwate,

1642, 2477.

fyrd-lēoð, st. n., _war-song, warlike music_: acc. sg. horn stundum song

fūslīc f[yrd]leoð, 1425.

fyrd-searu, st. n., _equipment for an expedition_: acc. sg. fyrd-searu

fūslīc, 2619; acc. pl. fyrd-searu fūslīcu, 232.

fyrd-wyrðe, adj., _of worth in war, excellent in battle_: nom. sg.

fyrd-wyrðe man (Bēowulf), 1317.

ge-fyrðran (see forð), w. v., _to bring forward, to further_: pret. part.

ār wæs on ofoste, eftsīðes georn, frætwum gefyrðred, _he was hurried

forward by the treasure_ (i.e. after he had gathered up the treasure, he

hasted to return, so as to be able to show it to the mortally-wounded

Bēowulf), 2785.

fyrmest. See forma.

fyrn-dagas, st. m. pl., _by-gone days_: dat. pl. fyrndagum (_in old

times_), 1452.

fyrn-geweorc, st. n., _work, something done in old times_: acc. sg. fīra

fyrn-geweorc (the drinking-cup mentioned in 2283, 2287.

fyrn-gewin, st. n., _combat in ancient times_: gen. sg. ōr fyrn-gewinnes

(_the origin of the battles of the giants_), 1690.

fyrn-man, st. m., _man of ancient times_: gen. pl. fyrn-manna fatu, 2762.

fyrn-wita, w. m., _counsellor ever since ancient times, adviser for many

years_: dat. sg. frōdan fyrnwitan, of Æschere, 2124.

fyrst, st. m., _portion of time, definite time, time_: nom. sg. næs hit

lengra fyrst, ac ymb āne niht ..., 134; fyrst forð gewāt, _the time_ (of

going to the harbor) _was past_, 210; næs þǣr māra fyrst frēode tō friclan,

2556; acc. sg. niht-longne fyrst, 528; fīf nihta fyrst, 545; instr. sg. þȳ

fyrste, 2574; dat. sg. him on fyrste gelomp ..., _within the fixed time_,

76.

fyr-wit, -wet, -wyt, st. n., _prying spirit, curiosity_: nom. sg. fyrwyt,

232; fyrwet, 1986, 2785.

ge-fȳsan (fūs), w. v., _to make ready, to prepare_: part. winde gefȳsed

flota, _the ship provided with wind_ (for the voyage), 217; (wyrm) fȳre

gefȳsed, _provided with fire_, 2310; þā wæs hringbogan (of the drake)

heorte gefȳsed sæcce tō sēceanne, 2562; with gen., in answer to the

question, for what? gūðe gefȳsed, _ready for battle, determined to fight_,

631.

fȳr, st. n., _fire_: nom. sg., 1367, 2702, 2882; dat. sg. fȳre, 2220; as

instr. fȳre, 2275, 2596; gen. sg. fȳres fæðm, 185; fȳres feng, 1765.--

Comp.: ād-, bǣl-, heaðu-, wæl-fȳr.

fȳr-bend, st. m., _band forged in fire_: dat. pl. duru ... fȳr-bendum

fæst, 723.

fȳr-draca, w. m., _fire-drake, fire-spewing dragon_: nom. sg., 2690.

fȳr-heard, adj., _hard through fire, hardened in fire_: nom. pl.

(eoforlīc) fāh and fȳr-heard, 305.

fȳr-lēoht, st. n., _fire-light_: acc. sg., 1517.

fȳr-wylm, st. m., _wave of fire, flame-wave_: dat. pl. wyrm ... fȳrwylmum

fāh, 2672.

G

galan, st. v., _to sing, to sound_: pres. sg. sorh-lēoð gæleð, 2461; inf.

gryre-lēoð galan, 787; bearhtm ongeāton, gūðhorn galan, _heard the clang,

the battle-trumpet sound_, 1433.

ā-galan, _to sing, to sound_: pret. sg. þæt hire on hafelan hringmǣl āgōl

grǣdig gūðlēoð, _that the sword caused a greedy battle-song to sound upon

her head_, 1522.

gamban, or, according to Bout., gambe, w. f., _tribute, interest_: acc. sg.

gomban gyldan, 11.

gamen, st. n., _social pleasure, rejoicing, joyous doings_: nom. sg. gamen,

1161; gomen, 2460; gomen glēobēames, _the pleasure of the harp_, 2264; acc.

sg. gamen and glēodrēam, 3022; dat. sg. gamene, 2942; gomene, 1776.--Comp.

heal-gamen.

gamen-wāð, st. f., _way offering social enjoyment, journey in joyous

society_: dat. sg. of gomen-wāðe, 855.

gamen-wudu, st. m., _wood of social enjoyment_, i.e. harp: nom. sg. þǣr wæs

... gomenwudu grēted, 1066; acc. sg. gomenwudu grētte, 2109.

gamol, gomol, gomel, adj., _old_; of persons, _having lived many years,

gray_: gamol, 58, 265; gomol, 3096; gomel, 2113, 2794; se gomela, 1398;

gamela (gomela) Scylding, 1793, 2106; gomela, 2932; acc. sg. þone gomelan,

2422; dat. sg. gamelum rince, 1678; gomelum ceorle, 2445; þām gomelan,

2818; nom. pl. blondenfeaxe gomele, 1596.--Also, _late, belonging to former

time_: gen. pl. gomelra lāfe (_legacy_), 2037.--Of things, _old, from old

times_: nom. sg. sweord ... gomol, 2683; acc. sg. gomele lāfe, 2564; gomel

swyrd, 2611; gamol is a more respectful word than eald.

gamol-feax, adj., _with gray hair_: nom. sg., 609.

gang, st. m.: 1) _gait, way_: dat. sg. on gange, 1885; gen. sg. ic hine ne

mihte ... ganges ge-twǣman, _could not keep him from going_, 969.--2)

_step, foot-step_: nom. sg. gang (the foot-print of the mother of Grendel),

1405; acc. sg. uton hraðe fēran Grendles māgan gang scēawigan, 1392.--Comp.

in-gang.

be-gang, bi-gang, st. m., (_so far as something goes_), _extent_: acc. sg.

ofer geofenes begang, _over the extent of the sea_, 362; ofer flōda begang,

1827; under swegles begong, 861, 1774; flōda begong, 1498; sioleða bigong,

2368.

gangan. See under gān.

ganot, st. m., _diver_, fulica marina: gen. sg. ofer ganotes bæð (i.e. the

sea), 1862.

gād, st. n., _lack_: nom. sg. ne bið þē wilna gād (_thou shalt have no lack

of desirable_ [valuable] _things_), 661; similarly, 950.

gān, _expanded_ = gangan, st. v., _to go_: pres. sg. III. gǣð ā Wyrd swā

hīo scel, 455; gǣð eft ... tō medo, 605; þonne hē ... on flett gǣð, 2035;

similarly, 2055; pres. subj. III. sg. gā þǣr hē wille, _let him go whither

he will_, 1395; imp. sg. II. gā nū tō setle, 1783; nū þū lungre geong, hord

scēawian, under hārne stān, 2744; inf. in gān, _to go in_, 386, 1645 'forð

gān, _to go forth, to go thither_, 1164; þat hīe him tō mihton gegnum

gangan, _to go towards, to go to_, 314; tō sele ... gangan cwōmon, 324; in

a similar construction, gongan, 1643; nū gē mōton gangan ... Hrōðgār

gesēon, 395; þā cōm of mōre ... Grendel gongan, _there came Grendel (going)

from the fen_, 712; ongēan gramum gangan, _to go to meet the enemy, to go

to the war_, 1035; cwōm ... tō hofe gongan, 1975; wutun gangan tō, _let us

go thither_, 2649.--As preterite, serve, 1) gēong or gīong: hē tō healle

gēong, 926; similarly, 2019; sē þe on orde gēong, _who went at the head,

went in front, _3126; on innan gīong, _went in_, 2215; hē ... gīong tō þæs

þe hē eorðsele ānne wisse, _went thither, where he knew of that earth-hall,

_2410; þā se æðeling, gīong, þæt hē bī wealle gesæt, _then went the prince_

(Bēowulf) _that he might sit down by the wall_, 2716.--2) gang: tō healle

gang Healfdenes sunu, 1010; similarly, 1296; gang þā æfter flōre, _went

along the floor, along the hall_, 1317.--3) gengde (Goth. gaggida): hē ...

beforan gengde ..., wong scēawian, _went in front to inspect the fields_,

1413; gengde, also of riding, 1402.--4) from another stem, ēode (Goth.

iddja): ēode ellenrōf, þæt hē for eaxlum gestōd Deniga frēan, 358;

similarly, 403; [wið duru healle Wulfgār ēode], _went towards the door of

the hall_, 390; ēode Wealhþēow forð, _went forth_, 613; ēode tō hire frēan

sittan, 641; ēode yrremōd, _went with angry feeling_, 727; ēode ... tō

sele, 919; similarly, 1233; ēode ... þǣr se snottra bād, 1313; ēode weorð

Denum æðeling tō yppan, _the prince_ (Bēowulf), _honored by the Danes, went

to the high seat_, 1815; ēode ... under inwit-hrōf, 3124; pl. þǣr

swīðferhðe sittan ēodon, 493; ēodon him þā tōgēanes, _went to meet him_,

1627; ēodon under Earna næs, 3032.

ā-gangan, _to go out, to go forth, to befall_: pret. part. swā bit āgangen

wearð eorla manegum (_as it befell many a one of the earls_), 1235.

full-gangan, _to emulate, to follow after_: pret. sg. þonne ... sceft nytte

hēold, feðer-gearwum fūs flāne full-ēode, _when the shaft had employment,

furnished with feathers it followed the arrow, did as the arrow_, 3120.

ge-gān, ge-gangan: 1) _to go, to approach_: inf. (w. acc.) his mōdor ...

gegān wolde sorhfulne sīð, 1278; sē þe gryre-sīðas gegān dorste, _who dared

to go the ways of terror_ (to go into the combat), 1463; pret. sg. se maga

geonga under his mǣges scyld elne geēode, _went quickly under his kinsman's

shield_, 2677; pl. elne geēodon tō þæs þe ..., _went quickly thither where_

..., 1968; pret. part. syððan hīe tō-gædre gegān hæfdon, _when they_

(Wīglāf and the drake) _had come together_, 2631; þæt his aldres wæs ende

gegongen, _that the end of his life had come_, 823; þā wæs endedæg gōdum

gegongen, þæt se gūðcyning ... swealt, 3037.--2) _to obtain, to reach_:

inf. (w. acc.) þonne hē æt gūðe gegān þenceð longsumne lof, 1536; ic mid

elne sceall gold gegangan, 2537; gerund, næs þæt ȳðe cēap tō gegangenne

gumena ǣnigum, 2417; pret. pl. elne geēodon ... þæt se byrnwīga būgan

sceolde, 2918; pret. part. hæfde ... gegongen þæt, _had attained it, that_

..., 894; hord ys gescēawod, grimme gegongen, 3086.--3) _to occur, to

happen_: pres. sg. III. gif þæt gegangeð þæt ..., _if that happen, that_

..., 1847; pret. sg. þæt geīode ufaran dōgrum hilde-hlæmmum, _it happened

in later times to the warriors_ (the Gēatas), 2201; pret. part. þā wæs

gegongen guman unfrōdum earfoðlīce þæt, _then it had happened to the young

man in sorrowful wise that_ ..., 2822.

oð-gangan, _to-go thither_: pret. pl. oð þæt hī oðēodon ... in Hrefnesholt,

2935.

ofer-gangan, w. acc., _to go over_: pret. sg. oferēode þā æðelinga bearn

stēap stān-hliðo, _went over steep, rocky precipices_, 1409; pl.

freoðo-wong þone forð oferēodon, 2960.

ymb-gangan, w. acc., _to go around_: pret. ymb-ēode þā ides Helminga duguðe

and geogoðe dǣl ǣghwylcne, _went around in every part, among the superior

and the inferior warriors_, 621.

gār, st. m., _spear, javelin, missile_: nom. sg., 1847, 3022; instr. sg.

gāre, 1076; blōdigan gāre, 2441; gen. sg. gāres fliht, 1766; nom. pl.

gāras, 328; gen. pl., 161(?).--Comp.: bon-, frum-gār.

gār-cēne, adj., _spear-bold_: nom. sg., 1959.

gār-cwealm, st. m., _murder, death by the spear_: acc. sg. gār-cwealm

gumena, 2044.

gār-holt, st. n., _forest of spears_, i.e. crowd of spears: acc. sg., 1835.

gār-secg, st. m. (cf. Grimm, in Haupt l. 578), _sea, ocean_: acc. sg. on

gār-secg, 49, 537; ofer gār-secg, 515.

gār-wiga, w. m., _one who fights with the spear_: dat. sg. geongum

gār-wigan, of Wīglāf, 2675, 2812.

gār-wīgend, pres. part., _fighting with spear, spear-fighter_: acc. pl.

gār-wīgend, 2642.

gāst, gǣst, st. m., _ghost, demon_: acc. sg. helle gāst (Grendel), 1275;

gen. sg. wergan gāstes (of Grendel), 133; (of the tempter), 1748; gen. pl.

dyrnra gāsta (Grendel's race), 1358; gǣsta gīfrost (_flames consuming

corpses_), 1124.--Comp.: ellor-, geō-sceaft-gāst; ellen-, wæl-gǣst.

gāst-bana, w. m., _slayer of the spirit_, i.e. the devil: nom. sg.

gāst-bona, 177.

gædeling, st. m., _he who is connected with another, relation, companion_:

gen. sg. gædelinges, 2618; dat. pl. mid his gædelingum, 2950.

æt-gædere, adv., _together, united_: 321, 1165, 1191; samod ætgædere, 329,

387, 730, 1064.

tō-gadere, adv., _together_, 2631.

gæst, gist, gyst, st. m., _stranger, guest_: nom. sg. gæst, 1801; se gæst

(the drake), 2313; se grimma gæst (Grendel), 102; gist, 1139, 1523; acc.

sg. gryre-līcne gist (the nixy slain by Bēowulf), 1442; dat. sg. gyste,

2229; nom. pl. gistas, 1603; acc. pl. gæs[tas], 1894.--Comp.: fēðe-,

gryre-, inwit-, nīð-, sele-gæst (-gyst).

gæst-sele, st. m., _hall in which the guests spend their time, guest-hall_:

acc. sg., 995.

gē, conj., _and_, 1341; gē ... gē ..., _as well ... as ..._, 1865; gē ...

gē ..., gē ..., 1249; gē swylce, _and likewise, and moreover_, 2259.

gē, pron., _ye, you_, plur. of þū, 237, 245, etc.

gegn-cwide, st. m., _reply_: gen. pl. þīnra gegn-cwida, 367.

gegnum, adv., _thither, towards, away_, with the prep, tō, ofer, giving the

direction: þæt hīe him tō mihton gegnum gangan (_that they might go

thither_), 314; gegnum fōr [þā] ofer myrcan mōr, _away over the dark moor_,

1405.

gehðu, geohðu, st. f., _sorrow, care_: instr. sg. giohðo mǣnde, 2268; dat.

sg. on gehðo, 3096; on giohðe, 2794.

gēn (from gegn), adv., _yet, again_. ne wæs hit lenge þā gēn, þæt ..., _it

was not then long before_ ..., 83; ic sceal forð sprecan gēn ymb Grendel,

_shall from now on speak again of Grendel_, 2071; nō þȳ ǣr ūt þā gēn ...

gongan wolde (_still he would not yet go out_), 2082; gēn is eall æt þē

lissa gelong (_yet all my favor belongs to thee_), 2150; þā gēn, _then

again_, 2678, 2703; swā hē nū gēn dēð, _as he still does_, 2860; furður

gēn, _further still, besides_, 3007; nū gēn, _now again_, 3169; ne gēn, _no

more, no farther_: ne wæs þæt wyrd þā gēn, _that was no more fate_ (fate no

longer willed that), 735.

gēna, _still_: cwico wæs þā gēna, _was still living_, 3094.

genga, w. m., _goer_; in comp. in-, sǣ-, sceadu-genga.

gengde. See gān(3).

genge. See ūð-genge.

gēnunga (from gegnunga), adv., _precisely, completely_, 2872.

gerwan, gyrwan, w. v.: 1) _to prepare, to make ready, to put in condition_:

pret. pl. gestsele gyredon, 995.--2) _to equip, to arm for battle_: pret.

sg. gyrede hine Bēowulf eorl-gewǣdum (_dressed himself in the armor_),

1442.

ge-gyrwan: 1) _to make, to prepare_: pret. pl. him þā gegiredan Gēata lēode

ād ... unwāclīcne, 3138; pret. part. glōf ... eall gegyrwed dēofles cræftum

and dracan fellum, 2088.--2) _to fit out, to make ready_: inf. cēol

gegyrwan hilde-wǣpnum and heaðowǣdum, 38; hēt him ȳðlidan gōdne gegyrwan,

_had (his) good ship fitted up for him_, 199. Also, _to provide warlike

equipment_: pret. part. syððan hē hine tō gūðe gegyred hæfde, 1473.--3) _to

endow, to provide, to adorn_: pret. part. nom. sg. beado-hrægl ... golde

gegyrwed, 553; acc. sg. lāfe ... golde gegyrede, 2193; acc. pl. mādmas ...

golde gegyrede, 1029.

gētan, w. v., _to injure, to slay_: inf., 2941.

be-gēte, adj., _attainable_; in comp. ēð-begēte.

geador, adv., _unitedly, together, jointly_, 836; geador ætsomne, 491.

on-geador, adv., _unitedly, together_, 1596.

gealdor, st. n.: 1) _sound_: acc. sg. bȳman gealdor, 2944.--2) _magic

song, incantation, spell_: instr. sg. þonne wæs þæt yrfe ... galdre

bewunden (_placed under a spell_), 3053.

gealga, w. m., _gallows_: dat. sg. þæt his byre rīde giong on galgan, 2447.

gealg-mōd, adj., _gloomy_: nom. sg. gīfre and galgmōd, 1278.

gealg-trēow, st. n., _gallows_: dat. pl. on galg-trēowu[m], 2941.

geard, st. m., _residence_; in Bēowulf corresponding to the house-complex

of a prince's residence, used only in the plur.: acc. in geardas (_in

Finn's castle_), 1135; dat. in geardum, 13, 2460; of geardum, 1139; ǣr hē

on weg hwurfe ... of geardum, _before he went away from his

dwelling-place_, i.e. died, 265.--Comp. middan-geard.

gearo, adj., properly, _made, prepared_; hence, _ready, finished,

equipped_: nom. sg. þæt hit wearð eal gearo, heal-ærna mǣst, 77; wiht

unhǣlo ... gearo sōna wæs, _the demon of destruction was quickly ready, did

not delay long_, 121; Here-Scyldinga betst beadorinca wæs on bǣl gearu,

_was ready for the funeral-pile_ (for the solemn burning), 1110; þēod (is)

eal gearo, _the warriors are altogether ready, always prepared_, 1231;

hraðe wæs æt holme hȳð-weard gearo (geara, MS.), 1915; gearo gūð-freca,

2415; sīe sīo bǣr gearo ǣdre geæfned, _let the bier be made ready at once_,

3106. With gen.: gearo gyrnwræce, _ready for revenge for harm done_, 2119,

acc. sg. gearwe stōwe, 1007; nom. pl. beornas gearwe, 211; similarly, 1814.

gearwe, gearo, geare, adv., _completely, entirely_: nē gē ... gearwe ne

wisson, _you do not know at all_ ..., 246; similarly, 879; hine gearwe

geman witena welhwyle (_remembers him very well_), 265; wisse hē gearwe þæt

..., _he knew very well that_ ..., 2340, 2726; þæt ic ... gearo scēawige

swegle searogimmas (_that I may see the treasures altogether, as many as

they are_), 2749; ic wāt geare þæt ..., 2657.--Comp. gearwor, _more

readily, rather_, 3077.--Superl. gearwost, 716.

gearo-folm, adj., _with ready hand_, 2086.

gearwe, st. f., _equipment, dress_; in comp. feðer-gearwe.

geat, st. n., _opening, door_; in comp. ben-, hilde-geat.

geato-līc, adj., _well prepared, handsome, splendid_: of sword and armor,

215, 1563, 2155; of Heorot, 308. Adv.: wīsa fengel geatolīc gengde, _passed

on in a stately manner_, 1402.

geatwe, st. f. pl., _equipment, adornment_: acc. recedes geatwa, _the

ornaments of the dragon's cave_ (its treasures), 3089.--Comp.: ēored-,

gryre-, gūð-, hilde-, wīg-geatwe.

gēan (from gegn), adv. in

on-gēan, adv. and prep., _against, towards_: þæt hē mē ongēan slēa, 682;

rǣhte ongēan fēond mid folme, 748; foran ongēan, _forward towards_, 2365.

With dat.: ongēan gramum, _against the enemy_, 1035.

tō-gēanes, tō-genes, prep, _against, towards_: Grendle tōgēanes, _towards

Grendel, against Grendel_, 667; grāp þā tōgēanes, _she grasped at_

(Bēowulf), 1502; similarly, him tōgēanes fēng, 1543; ēodon him þā tōgēanes,

_went towards him_, 1627; hēt þā gebēodan ... þæt hīe bǣl-wudu feorran

feredon gōdum tōgēnes, _had it ordered that they should bring the wood from

far for the funeral-pyre towards the good man_ (i.e. to the place where the

dead Bēowulf lay), 3115.

gēap, adj., _roomy, extensive, wide_: nom. sg. reced ... gēap, _the roomy

hall_, 1801; acc. sg. under gēapne hrōf, 837.--Comp.: horn-, sǣ-gēap.

geār, st. n., _year_: nom. sg., 1135; gen. pl. geāra, in adverbial sense,

olim, _in former times_, 2665. See un-geāra.

geār-dagas, st. m. pl., _former days_: dat. pl. in (on) geār-dagum, 1,

1355.

geofe. See gifu.

geofon, gifen, gyfen (see Kuhn Zeitschr. I. 137), st. n., _sea, flood_:

nom. sg. geofon, 515; gifen gēotende, _the streaming flood_, 1691; gen. sg.

geofenes begang, 362; gyfenes, 1395.

geogoð, st. f.: 1) _youth, time of youth_: dat. sg. on geogoðe, 409, 466,

2513; on giogoðe, 2427; gen. gioguðe, 2113.--2) contrasted with duguð, _the

younger warriors of lower rank_ (about as in the Middle Ages, the squires

with the knights): nom. sg. geogoð, 66; giogoð, 1191; acc. sg. geogoðe,

1182; gen. duguðe and geogoðe, 160; duguðe and iogoðe (geogoðe), 1675, 622.

geoguð-feorh, st. n., _age of youth_, i.e. age in which one still belongs

in the ranks of the geogoð: on geogoð- (geoguð-) fēore, 537, 2665.

geohðo. See gehðo.

geolo, adj., _yellow_: acc. sg. geolwe linde (_the shield of yellow linden

bark_), 2611.

geolo-rand, st. m., _yellow shield_ (shield with a covering of interlaced

yellow linden bark): acc. sg., 438.

geond, prep. w. acc., _through, throughout, along, over_: geond þisne

middangeard, _through the earth, over the earth_, 75; wide geond eorðan,

266, 3100; fērdon folctogan ... geond wīd-wegas, _went along the ways

coming from afar_, 841; similarly, 1705; geond þæt sæld, _through the hall,

through the extent of the hall_, 1281; similarly, 1982, 2265.

geong, adj., _young, youthful_: nom. sg., 13, 20, 855, etc.; giong, 2447;

w. m. se maga geonga, 2676; acc. sg. geongne gūðcyning, 1970; dat. sg.

geongum, 1949, 2045, 2675, etc.; on swā geongum feore, _at a so youthful

age_, 1844; geongan cempan, 2627; acc. pl. geonge, 2019; dat. pl. geongum

and ealdum, 72.--Superl. gingest, _the last_: nom. sg. w. f. gingeste word,

2818.

georn, adj., _striving, eager_, w. gen. of the thing striven for: eft sīðes

georn, 2784.--Comp. lof-georn.

georne, adv., _readily, willingly_: þæt him wine-māgas georne hȳrdon, 66;

georne truwode, 670.--_zealously, eagerly_: sōhte georne æfter grunde,

_eagerly searched over the ground_, 2295.--_carefully, industriously_: nō

ic him þæs georne ætfealh (_held him not fast enough_), 969.--_completely,

exactly_: comp. wiste þē geornor, 822.

geō, iū, adv., _once, formerly, earlier_, 1477; giō, 2522; iū, 2460.

gēoc, st. f., _help, support_: acc. sg. gēoce gefremman, 2675; þæt him

gāst-bona gēoce gefremede wið þēod-þrēaum, 177; gēoce gelȳfde, _believed

in the help_ (of Bēowulf), 609; dat. sg. tō gēoce, 1835.

gēocor, adj., _ill, bad_: nom. sg., 766.--See Haupt's Zeitschrift 8, p. 7.

geō-man, iū-man, st. m., _man of former times_: gen. pl. iū-manna, 3053.

geō-meowle, w. f., (_formerly a virgin), wife_: acc. sg. īo-meowlan, 2932.

geōmor, adj., _with depressed feelings, sad, troubled_: nom. sg. him wæs

geōmor sefa, 49, 2420, 2633, 2951; mōdes geōmor, 2101; fem. þæt wæs geōmuru

ides, 1076.

geōmore, adv., _sadly_, 151.

geōmor-gid, st. n., _dirge_: acc. sg. giōmor-gyd, 3151.

geōmor-līc, adj., _sad, painful_: swā bið geōmorlīc gomelum ceorle tō

gebīdanne þæt..., _it is painful to an old man to experience it, that ..._,

2445.

geōmor-mōd, adj., _sad, sorrowful_: nom. sg., 2045, 3019; giōmor-mōd, 2268.

geōmrian, w. v., _to complain, to lament_: pret. sg. geōmrode giddum, 1119.

geō-sceaft, st. f., (_fixed in past times), fate_: acc. sg. geōsceaft

grimme, 1235.

geōsceaft-gāst, st. m., _demon sent by fate_: gen. pl. fela

geōsceaft-gāsta, of Grendel and his race, 1267.

gēotan, st. v. intrans., _to pour, to flow, to stream_: pres. part. gifen

gēotende, 1691.

gicel, st. m., _icicle_: in comp. hilde-gicel.

gid, gyd, st. n., _speech, solemn alliterative song_: nom. sg. þǣr wæs ...

gid oft wrecen, 1066; lēoð wæs āsungen, glēomannes gyd, _the song was sung,

the gleeman's lay_, 1161; þǣr wæs gidd and glēo, 2106; acc. sg. ic þis gid

āwræc, 1724; gyd āwræc, 2109; gyd æfter wræc, 2155; þonne hē gyd wrece,

2447; dat. pl. giddum, 151, 1119; gen. pl. gidda gemyndig, 869.--Comp.:

geōmor-, word-gid.

giddian, w. v., _to speak, to speak in alliteration_: pret. gyddode, 631.

gif, conj.: 1) _if_, w. ind., 442, 447, 527, 662, etc.; gyf, 945, etc. With

subj., 452, 594, 1482, etc.; gyf, 280, 1105, etc.--2) _whether_, w. ind.,

272; w. subj., 1141, 1320.

gifa, geofa, w. m., _giver_; in comp. gold-, sinc-, wil-gifa (-geofa).

gifan, st. v., _to give_: inf. giofan, 2973; pret. sg. nallas bēagas geaf

Denum, 1720; hē mē [māðmas] geaf, 2147; and similarly, 2174, 2432, 2624,

etc.; pret. pl. gēafon (hyne) on gārsecg, 49; pret. part. þā wæs Hrōðgāre

here-spēd gyfen, 64; þā wæs gylden hilt gamelum rince ... on hand gyfen,

1679; syððan ǣrest wearð gyfen ... geongum cempan (_given in marriage_),

1949.

ā-gifan, _to give, to impart_: inf. andsware ... āgifan, _to give an

answer_, 355; pret. sg. sōna him se frōda fæder Ōhtheres ... ondslyht āgeaf

(_gave him a counter-blow_), (_hand-blow_?), 2930.

for-gyfan, _to give, to grant_: pret. sg. him þæs līf-frēa ... worold-āre

forgeaf, 17; þǣm tō hām forgeaf Hrēðel Gēata āngan dōhtor (_gave in

marriage_), 374; similarly, 2998; hē mē lond forgeaf, _granted me land_,

2493; similarly, 697, 1021, 2607, 2617; mægen-rǣs forgeaf hilde-bille, _he

gave with his battle-sword a mighty blow_, i.e. he struck with full force,

1520.

of-gifan, (_to give up_), _to leave_: inf. þæt se mǣra maga Ecgþēowes

grund-wong þone ofgyfan wolde (_was fated to leave the earth-plain_), 2589;

pret. sg. þās worold ofgeaf gromheort guma, 1682; similarly, gumdrēam

ofgeaf, 2470; Dena land ofgeaf, 1905; pret. pl. næs ofgēafon hwate

Scyldingas, _left the promontory_, 1601; þæt þā hildlatan holt ofgēfan,

_that the cowards left the wood_ (into which they had fled), 2847; sg.

pret. for pl. þāra þe þis [līf] ofgeaf, 2252.

gifeðe, adj., _given, granted_: Gūðfremmendra swylcum gifeðe bið þæt...,

_to such a warrior is it granted that_..., 299; similarly, 2682; swā mē

gifeðe wæs, 2492; þǣr mē gifeðe swā ǣnig yrfeweard æfter wurde, _if an

heir_, (living) _after me, had been given me_, 2731.--Neut. as subst.: wæs

þæt gifeðe tō swīð, þē þone [þēoden] þyder ontyhte, _the fate was too harsh

that has drawn hither the king_, 3086; gyfeðe, 555, 820.--Comp. un-gifeðe.

gif-heal, st. f., _hall in which fiefs were bestowed, throne-hall_: acc.

sg. ymb þā gifhealle, 839.

gif-sceat, st. m., _gift of value_: acc. pl. gif-sceattas, 378.

gif-stōl, st. m., _seat from which fiefs are granted, throne_: nom. sg.,

2328; acc. sg., 168.

gift, st. f., _gift, present_: in comp. feoh-gift.

gifu, geofu, st. f., _gift, present, grant; fief_: nom. sg. gifu, 1885 acc.

sg. gimfæste gife þē him god sealde, _the great gift that God had granted

him_ (i.e. the enormous strength), 1272; ginfæstan gife þē him god sealde,

2183; dat. pl. (as instr.) geofum, 1959; gen. pl. gifa, 1931; geofena,

1174.--Comp.: māððum-, sinc-gifu.

gīgant, st. m., _giant_: nom. pl. gīgantas, 113; gen. pl. gīganta, 1563,

1691.

gild, gyld, st. n., _reparation_: in comp. wiðer-gyld(?).

gildan, gyldan, st. v., _to do something in return, to repay, to reward, to

pay_: inf. gomban gyldan, _pay tribute_, 11; hē mid gōde gyldan wille

uncran eaferan, 1185; wē him þā gūðgeatwa gyldan woldon, 2637; pret. sg.

heaðorǣsas geald mēarum and māðmum, _repaid the battles with horses and

treasures_, 1048; similarly, 2492; geald þone gūðrǣs ... Jofore and Wulfe

mid ofermāðmum, _repaid Eofor and Wulf the battle with exceedingly great

treasures_, 2992.

an-gildan, _to pay for_: pret. sg. sum sāre angeald ǣfenræste, _one_

(Æschere) _paid for the evening-rest with death's pain_, 1252.

ā-gildan, _to offer one's self_: pret. sg. þā mē sǣl āgeald, _when the

favorable opportunity offered itself_, 1666; similarly, þā him rūm āgeald,

2691.

for-gildan, _to repay, to do something in return, to reward_: pres. subj.

sg. III. alwalda þec gōde forgylde, _may the ruler of all reward thee with

good_, 957; inf. þone ǣnne heht golde forgyldan, _he ordered that the one_

(killed by Grendel) _be paid for_ (atoned for) _with gold_, 1055; hē ...

wolde Grendle for-gyldan gūðrǣsa fela, _wished to pay Grendel for many

attacks_, 1578; wolde se lāða līge forgyldan drinc-fæt dȳre, _the enemy

wished to repay with fire the costly drinking vessel_ (the theft of it),

2306; pret. sg. hē him þæs lēan forgeald, _he gave them the reward

therefore_, 114; similarly, 1542, 1585, 2095; forgeald hraðe wyrsan wrixle

wælhlem þone, _repaid the murderous blow with a worse exchange_, 2969.

gilp, gylp, st. m., _speech in which one promises great things for himself

in a coming combat, defiant speech, boasting speech_: acc. sg. hæfde ...

Gēat-mecga lēod gilp gelǣsted (_had fulfilled what he had claimed for

himself before the battle_), 830; nallas on gylp seleð fǣtte bēagas, _gives

no chased gold rings for a boastful speech_, 1750; þæt ic wið þone

gūðflogan gylp ofersitte, _restrain myself from the speech of defiance_,

2529; dat. sg. gylpe wiðgrīpan (_fulfil my promise of battle_),

2522.--Comp. dol-gilp.

gilpan, gylpan, st. v. w. gen., acc., and dat., _to make a defiant speech,

to boast, to exult insolently_: pres. sg. I. nō ic þæs gilpe (after a break

in the text), 587; sg. III. morðres gylpeð, _boasts of the murder_, 2056;

inf. swā ne gylpan þearf Grendles maga ǣnig ... ūhthlem þone, 2007; nealles

folc-cyning fyrdgesteallum gylpan þorfte, _had no need to boast of his

fellow-warrior_, 2875; pret. sg. hrēðsigora ne gealp goldwine Gēata, _did

not exult at the glorious victory_ (could not gain the victory over the

drake), 2584.

gilp-cwide, st. m., _speech in which a man promises much for himself for a

coming combat, speech of defiance_: nom. sg., 641.

gilp-hlæden, pret. part., _laden with boasts of defiance_ (i.e. he who has

made many such boasts, and consequently has been victorious in many

combats), _covered with glory_: nom. sg. guma gilp-hlæden, 869.

gilp-sprǣc, same as gilp-cwide, _speech of defiance, boastful speech_: dat.

sg. on gylp-sprǣce, 982.

gilp-word, st. n., _defiant word before the coming combat, vaunting word_:

gen. pl. gespræc ... gylp-worda sum, 676.

gim, st. m., _gem, precious stone, jewel_: nom. sg. heofones gim, _heaven's

jewel_, i.e. the sun, 2073. Comp. searo-gim.

gimme-rīce, adj., _rich in jewels_: acc. sg. gimme-rīce hord-burh hæleða,

466.

gin (according to Bout., ginne), adj., properly _gaping_, hence, _wide,

extended_: acc. sg. gynne grund (_the bottom of the sea_), 1552.

gin-fæst, adj., _extensive, rich_: acc. sg. gim-fæste gife (gim-, on

account of the following _f_), 1272; in weak form, gin-fæstan gife, 2183.

ginnan, st. v., original meaning, _to be open, ready_; in

on-ginnan, _to begin, to undertake_: pret. oð þæt ān ongan fyrene fremman

fēond on helle, 100; secg eft ongan sīð Bēowulfes snyttrum styrian, 872; þā

þæt sweord ongan ... wanian, _the sword began to diminish_, 1606; Higelāc

ongan sīnne geseldan ... fægre fricgean, _began with propriety to question

his companion_, 1984, etc.; ongon, 2791; pret. pl. nō hēr cūðlīcor cuman

ongunnon lindhæbbende, _no shield-bearing men e'er undertook more openly to

come hither_, 244; pret. part. hæbbe ic mǣrða fela ongunnen on geogoðe,

_have in my youth undertaken many deeds of renown_, 409.

gist. See gæst.

gistran, adv., _yesterday_: gystran niht, _yesterday night_, 1335.

git, pron., _ye two_, dual of þū, 508, 512, 513, etc.

gīt, gȳt, adv., _yet; then still_, 536, 1128, 1165, 2142; _hitherto_, 957;

nǣfre gīt, _never yet_, 583; _still_, 945, 1059, 1135; _once more_, 2513;

_moreover_, 47, 1051, 1867.

gitan (original meaning, _to take hold of, to seize, to attain_), in

be-gitan, w. acc., _to grasp, to seize, to reach_: pret. sg. begeat, 1147,

2231; þā hine wīg beget, _when war seized him, came upon him_, 2873;

similarly, begeat, 1069; pret. pl. hit ǣr on þē gōde be-geāton, _good men

received it formerly from thee_, 2250; subj. sg. for pl. þæt wæs Hrōðgāre

hrēowa tornost þāra þe lēodfruman lange begeāte, _the bitterest of the

troubles that for a long time had befallen the people's chief_, 2131.

for-gitan, w. acc., _to forget_: pres. sg. III. hē þā forðgesceaft forgyteð

and forgȳmeð, 1752.

an-gitan, on-gitan, w. acc.: 1) _to take hold of, to grasp_: imp. sg.

gumcyste ongit, _lay hold of manly virtue, of what becomes the man_, 1724;

pret. sg. þē hine se brōga angeat, _whom terror seized_, 1292.--2) _to

grasp intellectually, to comprehend, to perceive, to distinguish, to

behold_: pres. subj. I. þæt ic ǣrwelan ... ongite, _that I may behold the

ancient wealth_ (the treasures of the drake's cave), 2749; inf. sæl timbred

... ongytan, 308, 1497; Gēata clifu ongitan, 1912; pret. sg. fyren-þearfe

ongeat, _had perceived their distress from hostile snares_, 14; ongeat ...

grund-wyrgenne, _beheld the she-wolf of the bottom_, 1519; pret. pl.

bearhtm ongeāton, gūðhorn galan, _perceived the noise_, (heard) _the

battle-trumpet sound_, 1432; syððan hīe Hygelāces horn and bȳman gealdor

ongeāton, 2945.

gīfre, adj., _greedy, eager_: nom. sg. gīfre and galgmōd, of Grendel's

mother, 1278.--Superl.: līg..., gǣsta gīfrost, 1124.--Comp. heoro-gīfre.

gītsian, w. v., _to be greedy_: pres. sg. III. gȳtsað, 1750.

gio-, giō-. see geo-, geō-.

gladian, w. v., _to gleam, to shimmer_: pres. pl. III. on him gladiað

gomelra lāfe, _upon him gleams the legacy of the men of ancient times_

(armor), 2037.

glæd, adj., _gracious, friendly_ (as a form of address for princes): nom.

sg. bēo wið Gēatas glæd, 1174; acc. sg. glædne Hrōðgār, 864; glædne

Hrōðulf, 1182; dat. sg. gladum suna Frōdan, 2026.

glæde, adv., _in a gracious, friendly way_, 58.

glædnian, w. v., _to rejoice_: inf. w. gen., 367.

glæd-mōd, adj., _joyous, glad_, 1786.

glēd, st. f., _fire, flame_: nom. sg., 2653, 3115; dat. (instr.) pl.

glēdum, 2313, 2336, 2678, 3042.

glēd-egesa, w. m., _terror on account of fire, fire-terror_: nom. sg.

glēd-egesa grim (_the fire-spewing of the drake_), 2651.

glēaw (Goth, glaggwu-s), adj., _considerate, well-bred_, of social conduct;

in comp. un-glēaw.

glēo, st. n., _social entertainment_, (especially by music, play, and

jest): nom. sg. þǣr wæs gidd and glēo, 2106.

glēo-bēam, st. m., _(tree of social entertainment, of music), harp._ gen.

sg. glēo-bēames, 2264.

glēo-drēam, st. _m., joyous carrying-on in social entertainment, mirth,

social gaiety_: acc. sg. gamen and glēo-drēam, 3022.

glēo-man, m., _(gleeman, who enlivens the social entertainment, especially

with music), harper_: gen. sg. glēomannes gyd, 1161.

glitinian (O.H.G. glizinōn), w. v., _to gleam, to light, to glitter_: inf.

geseah þā ... gold glitinian, 2759.

glīdan, st. v., _to glide_: pret. sg. syððan heofones gim glād ofer

grundas, _after heaven's gem had glided over the fields_ (after the sun had

set), 2074; pret. pl. glidon ofer gārsecg, _you glided over the ocean_

(swimming), 515.

tō-glīdan _(to glide asunder), to separate, to fall asunder_: pret.

gūð-helm tō-glād (Ongenþēow's helmet was split asunder by the blow of

Eofor), 2488.