Me-xique; é-légant. In a narrow measure a syllable of two letters
may stand at the end of a line: ce-pendant, in-décis; but a syllable
of two letters must not be taken over to the next line; therefore
élégan-ce, adversi-té, are not permissible; but élégan-ces, mar-que,
abri-cot, are tolerated.
Avoid terminating a paragraph with only the final syllable of a word
in the last line.
Verbs taking the so-called euphonic _t_ should always be divided
before the latter, thus: Viendra- | t-il?
Avoid dividing abbreviated words.
Etymological division finds no favour in French, unless it is in
accord with épellation, or syllabication, as in trans-porter,
trans-poser. But divide transi-tion, transi-ger.
Mute syllables may be turned over to the next line, thus: ils
mar-quent, les hom-mes.
8. _Abbreviations._—Such words as article, chapitre, scène, titre,
figure, are abbreviated only when in parentheses, as references; in
the text they are put in full. If, in works divided into articles,
the first article is put in full (thus: Article premier), those that
follow may be in figures and abbreviated (as Art. 2).
Saint, sainte, when they occur very often, as in religious works,
may be abbreviated, taking a capital letter: S. Louis, Ste
Marie. But not when they form part of the name of a place, e.g.
Saint-Germain-des-Prés; in which case Saint- and Sainte- take a
capital and are followed by a hyphen.[83] (See also p. 75.)
The words monsieur, madame, monseigneur, messeigneurs, messieurs,
mesdames, mademoiselle, mesdemoiselles, are written in full and all
in lower-case when addressing a person: Oui, madame; Non, monsieur
le duc. Also in the following instances: J’espère que monseigneur
viendra; j’ai vu monsieur votre père. In most other cases M. (for
monsieur), M^{me} (for madame), Mgr. or M^{gr} (for monseigneur), and
so on, are used. The words Sa Majesté, Son Éminence, Leurs Altesses,
when followed by another title, are put as initials, thus S. M.
l’Empereur; but not otherwise.
The name Jésus-Christ is abbreviated only when in parentheses after
a date, thus: (337 avant J.-C.). This is more frequently printed 337
A.J.C.
Other examples of abbreviations:
liv. (livre)
ch. (chapitre)
t. (tome)
d^o (ditto)
f^o (folio)
in-f^o (in-folio)
in-8^o (in-octavo)
in-4^o (in-quarto)
ms. (manuscrit)
mss. (manuscrits)
n^o (numéro)
P.-S. (post-scriptum)
I^{er} } (premier)
1^{er} }
II, 2^e (deuxième)
etc. (et cætera)
c.-à-d. (c’est-à-dire)
C^{ie} (compagnie)
D^r (docteur)
M^e (maître)
M^{lle} (mademoiselle)
N.-S. J.-C. (Notre-Seigneur Jésus-Christ)
C^{te} (comte)
M^{is} (marquis)
V^{ve} (veuve)
S.A. (Son Altesse)
LL. AA. II. (Leurs Altesses Impériales)
Abbreviations of metric signs:
[84]Mm. (myriamètre)
{84}Km. (kilomètre)
{84}Hm. (hectomètre)
dam. (décamètre)
m. (mètre)
dm. (décimètre)
cm. (centimètre)
mq. (mètre carré)
mm. (millimètre)
mmq. (millimètre carré)
mmc. (millimètre cube)
ha. (hectare)
a. (are)
ca. or m^2. (centiare)
das. (décastère)
s. or m^3. (stère)
ds. (décistère)
t. (tonne)
q. (quintal métrique)
kg. (kilogramme)
hg. (hectogramme)
dag. (décagramme)
g. (gramme)
dg. (décigramme)
cg. (centigramme)
mg. (milligramme)
kl. (kilolitre)
hl. (hectolitre)
dal. (décalitre)
l. (litre)
dl. (décilitre)
cl. (centilitre)
ml. (millilitre)
Put: 20 francs, 20 mètres, 20 litres, 20 milligrammes. If, however,
followed by fractions, then put—20 fr. 50, or 20^{fr},50; 20 m. 50,
or 20^m,50; 20 l. 50, or 20^l,50; 20 kilog. 5, or 20^{kilo},5.
In works crowded with figures, one can even put—0^m,5 for 5
décimètres; 0^m,15 for 15 centimètres; 0^m,008 for 8 millimètres.
The cubic metre followed by a fraction is given thus: 4^{mc},005 or
4^{m3},005 (= 4 mètres cubes 5 millimètres cubes); the square metre
thus: 4^{mq},05 or 4^{m2},05 (= 4 mètres carrés 5 décimètres carrés).
The French use a decimal comma instead of a decimal point—2,3 = 2·3.
The words kilogrammes, kilomètres, and kilogrammètres, followed
by fractions, are given thus: 50 kg. 3 or 50^{kg},3; 5 km. 3 or
5^{km},3; 2 kgm. 4 or 2^{kgm},4.
Per cent. is generally put 0/0, but pour 100, p. 100, and % are also
used. In business letters pour cent is always pour %, e.g. A trente
jours, 3 pour % d’escompte.
9. _Numerals._—When cardinal numbers are expressed in Roman
lower-case letters, the final unit should be expressed by a j, not an
i, thus: ij, iij, vj, viij.
Numbers are put in full if only occasionally occurring in the text.
If used statistically, figures are used.
Degrees of temperature are generally given thus: 15°, 15 (in English
15° 15′).
Age or the time of day must be given in full: huit ans, six heures
(eight years, six o’clock).
Dates, figures, &c., are put in full in legal documents: l’an mil
neuf cent quatre (the year one thousand nine hundred and four).
One should not put ‘de 5 à 6,000 hommes’, but ‘de 5,000 à 6,000
hommes’.
Commas in figures are used as in English, thus: 20,250 fr. 25 or
20,250^{fr},25. But dates, and numbers in general, are always put
without a comma: l’année 1466; page 1250; Code civil, art. 2000.
Fractions with a horizontal stroke are preferred in mathematical and
scientific works; but in ordinary works the diagonal stroke is used,
thus: 1/2, 2/3 (½, ⅔).
In logarithm tables the fractional part of a logarithm is printed
with spaces, thus: Log. 2670 = 3, 426 5113; and also: Log. 2670 = 3,
4 265 113.
10. _Roman and italic._—In algebraical formulae the capital letters
are always put in roman and the small letters in italic. If, however,
the text is in italic, the small letters are put in roman type.
The titles of works, of plays, of journals, names of ships, of
statues, and titles of tables mentioned in the text, are put in
italic; thus: La pièce _La Chatte blanche_; J’ai vu _Les Rois en
exil_; On lit dans _Le Figaro_; le journal _Le Temps_; le transport
_Bien-Hoa_.
Foreign words[85] and quotations are, as in English, italicized: Agir
_ab irato_; _Cave canem!_ lisait-on....
Superior letters in words italicized should be in italic, thus:
_Histoire de Napoléon I^{er}_.
11. _Reference figures._—References to notes are generally rendered
thus: (1), or thus: ^1. Sometimes an asterisk between parentheses (*)
or standing alone *, or italic superior letters (^_a_), are used. The
second example (^1) is the best from the English point of view.
The figure in the note itself is put either 1. or (1) or ^1. In many
works the reference figure is put ^1, and the note-figure 1.
12. _Metal-rules._—These serve in French to denote conversational
matter, and take a thick space (or more, if necessary) after them. In
fact, metal-rules, as in German, always have a space before or after,
and are never put close to a word as in English. They are likewise
never put after colons.
They are also used to give more force to a point: Il avait un cœur
d’or, — mais une tête folle; et vraiment, — je puis le dire, — il
était d’un caractère très agréable.
They are likewise used, as in English, for intercalations: Cette
femme — étrangère sans doute — était très âgée.
13. _Quotation marks._—The French use special quotation marks « »
(called guillemets). A guillemet is repeated at the head of every
subsequent paragraph belonging to the quotation.
In conversational matter, guillemets are sometimes put at the
commencement and end of the remarks, and the individual utterances
are denoted by a metal-rule (with a space after). But it is more
common to dispense with guillemets altogether, and to denote the
commencement of the conversation by only a metal-rule. This is an
important variation from the English method.
If the » comes after points de suspension, a middle space is put
before and after it:
La cour a décrété qu’ « attendu l’urgence... » .
If, in dialogues, a passage is quoted, the « is put before the
metal-rule:
« — Demain, à minuit, nous sortirons enfin! »
In tables and workings the » is used to denote an absent quantity:
125 . 15 130 »
10 » 15 . 25
If a sentence contains a citation, the point at the end of the latter
is put before the », and the point belonging to the sentence after:
« Prenez garde au chien! » , lisait-on à l’entrée des maisons
romaines.
If the matter quoted ends with a full stop, and a comma follows in
the sentence, the full stop is suppressed:
« C’est par le sang et par le fer que les États grandissent » , a
dit Bismarck.
Also, if the point at the end of the citation is a full stop, and the
sentence ends with a note of interrogation or exclamation, the full
stop is suppressed:
A-t-il dit: « Je reviendrai » ?
If citation and sentence end with the same point, or if the sentence
ends with a full stop, only the citation is pointed:
Quel bonheur d’entendre: « Je vous aime! »
A-t-il dit: « Qui est ici? »
Il a dit: « Je viendrai. »
But if the punctuation of the citation differs from that of the
sentence, both points are put:—
A-t-il dit: « Quel grand malheur! » ?
Guillemets should have before and after them the same space as
between words.
In the case of a citation within a citation, the « must stand at the
commencement of each line of the enclosed citation:
On lit dans _Le Radical_: « Une malheureuse erreur a été commise
par un de nos artistes du boulevard. Ayant à dire: « Mademoiselle,
je ne « veux qu’un mot de vous! » , il a fait entendre ces paroles:
« Mademoiselle, je ne veux qu’un mou de « veau! »
In passages quoted down the side put an en quad after the «
commencing each line.
Only one » is put at the end of two citations ending simultaneously.
FOOTNOTES:
[76] I am greatly indebted to M. Désiré Greffier, author of _Les
Règles de la composition typographique, à l’usage des compositeurs,
des correcteurs et des imprimeurs_, and to his publisher, M. Arnold
Muller, of the Imprimerie des Beaux-Arts, 36 Rue de Seine, Paris,
for permission to translate and make extracts from this useful
brochure.—H. H.
[77] M. Greffier carefully explains that in putting capitals to the
articles in the case of these and similar names he differs from the
Académie française.—H. H.
[78] Many now write ‘Dante’ for ‘le Dante’; ‘Tasse’ is also met with
for ‘le Tasse’.—H. H.
[79] M. Reyne, proof-reader in the National Government
Printing-Office, Paris, tells me that there is no uniformity of
practice in French printing-offices in regard to the accentuation of
capital letters generally, although there is a consensus of opinion
as to retaining accents for the letter E. As to the grave accent on
the capital letter A, the two extracts which follow are sufficient
authority:
‘The letter A, when a capital, standing for à, is never accented by
French printers. This, I know, is a rule without exception; and one
of the reasons given is that the accented capital is “ugly”. A better
reason is that the accent often “breaks off”.’—Mr. LÉON DELBOS,
M.A., _late Instructor in French to Royal Naval Cadets in H.M.S.
‘Britannia’_.
‘The practice of omitting the grave accent on the preposition A
(whatever the reason of it may be) is all but universal.’—Mr. E. G.
W. BRAUNHOLTZ, M.A., Ph.D., _Reader in the Romance Languages in the
University of Cambridge_. [H. H.]
[80] ‘The rule about è instead of é, as in collège instead of
collége, should be strictly adhered to, as it now is by most French
people. However, é cannot be changed into è unless it have that
sound; hence it is not right to say Liègeois, for the sound is that
of é; but Liège is correct. Note that Liégeois takes an e after the
g.’—Mr. LÉON DELBOS.
[81] The list is from Gasc’s _Dictionary of the French and English
Languages_: G. Bell & Sons, 1889.
[82] The English practice, never to put a space before a comma, is
regarded by the best French printers as bad. ‘This vicious practice’
(i.e. putting no space before a comma), says M. Théotiste Lefevre,
‘which appears to us to have no other motive than the negligence of
the compositor, tends unhappily, from day to day, to get introduced
also into French composition.’—_Guide pratique du compositeur et
de l’imprimeur typographes_ (p. 196 _n_.) par T. Lefevre. Paris,
Firmin-Didot, 1883.—H. H.
[83] St-Germain, Ste-Catherine, l’église de St-Sulpice, St-Hilaire,
la St-Jean, are however met with in railway time-tables, &c.
[84] Mm. Km. Hm. These capitals and all the metric contractions are
authorized by the French Minister of Public Instruction.—H. H.
[85] That is, words foreign to French.—H. H.
APPENDIX III
WORKS IN THE GERMAN LANGUAGE[86]
English compositors called upon to set up German should have clear
directions beforehand as to the founts to be used, whether English
or German. If the manuscript is in well-written German script, and
the compositor is acquainted with the German characters, he will find
little difficulty in setting this up in German type. It is otherwise
if he has to set German in its own characters from manuscript in
Roman characters. This is owing principally to the numerous digraphs
and the long and short s’s used. The following rules will be found of
use in both cases:
1. _Capitals and lower-case._—All German substantives are written
with capital initial letters; and capital letters are also used for
adjectives in geographical designations, e.g. =das Kaspische Meer=
(the Caspian Sea), or in adjectives derived from proper names, e.g.
=die Grimmschen Märchen= (_Grimm’s Fairy Tales_); but as a rule
adjectives, even when relating to nationality, have lower-case
initials, not excepting titles of books, &c., thus: =das deutsche
Vaterland, die französische Revolution= (the German Fatherland, the
French Revolution).
The =von= in German names of persons begins with a small letter
(unless of course when it commences a sentence), e.g. =Herr von
Bülow=.
The =von= in such cases requires only a thin space after it:
=Geschrieben von von Richter= (written by von Richter).
2. _The Reformed German Spelling of 1902._—All words of German
origin ending in =th=, as =Muth=, =Rath=, now drop the =h= and
become =Mut=, =Rat=, &c. =That= has become =Tat=, =Thor= is now
=Tor=. =Willkühr= has become =Willkür=. =Thee= is now spelt =Tee=.
But =Thron=, =Theater=, &c., being derived from Greek, keep =th=.
Also =ph= in words of German origin is now supplemented by =f=, thus
=Efeu= (for =Epheu=); =Adolf=, =Rudolf=, =Westfalen= (for =Adolph=,
=Rudolph=, =Westphalen=). Likewise =Elefant=, =Fasan=, =Sofa=. But
=Phonograph=, =Philosoph=, =Symphonie=, being learned words of Greek
origin. =Z= is more and more used for =C=, thus: =Zentrum= for
=Centrum=; =Zentner=, =Zirkus=. =Ae=, =Oe=, Ue, are always rendered
=Ä=, =Ö=, =Ü=.
Three identical letters should not come together before a vowel.
Consequently print =Schiffahrt=, not =Schifffahrt= (but in dividing
print =Schiff~fahrt=). =Mittag=, =dennoch= (from =Mitt~tag=,
=denn~noch=), are invariable. The plural of =See= is no longer
=Seeen=, but =Seen=; in narrow measure divide =See~en=.
The suffix =niſz= is now =nis=: =Hindernis=.
The verbal suffix =iren= is now uniformly written =ieren=, thus:
=addieren=, =subtrahieren=, =multiplizieren=, =dividieren=,
=marschieren=.
A detailed list of the new German, Austrian, and Swiss
orthographies[87] may be obtained through any bookseller. A few
German writers still object to the modern spelling; in such cases, of
course, copy should be followed.
3. _Hyphens in German._—If two or more words follow one another,
relating to a common part of speech with which they form a
compound, all except the last take a hyphen, thus: =Hut- und
Krawattenfabrikant= (hat and tie manufacturer). Compound words in
German are now printed as one word.
4. _Division of words in German._—Prefixes should of course remain
intact, such as =an=, =auf=, =ent=, =emp=, =er=, =ver=, =vor=,
=über=, =zer=. Thus: =an~fangen=, =auf~fahren=, =ent~zweien=,
=emp~finden=, =er~fahren=, =ver~ändern=, =vor~rücken=, =über~reden=,
=zer~ſtoſzen=. In narrow measure divide =ge~ben=, =tra~gen=,
=he~bung=, =le~bend=, =mä~hen=, =ſa~gen=, =Tü~cher=, =lö~ſchen=. (See
under paragraph 2 of this Appendix, ‘Reformed Spelling’, for three
identical letters coming together. See also under 7, 11, 14.)
5. _Spaced words._—In these the following compound letters should
never be spaced: =ch=, =ck=, =ſt=, =ſz=, =tz=. The following are
spaced: =ff=, =fi=, =fl=, =ll=, =ſi=, =ſſ=. That is, two different
consonants coming together (except =f= and =l=) are not spaced; but a
consonant and vowel, and double consonants, are to be spaced.
6. _Prepositional and other prefixes in German._—When =auf= precedes
a part of speech commencing with =f=, the two =f=’s should not form
one letter. Print =auffahren=, not =auffahren=.
So also, when =aus= is prefix to a part of speech beginning with
an =ſ=, it should not form with the latter an =ſz= or =ſſ= if
German type is used. Print =ausſprechen=, not =ausſzprechen= or
=auſſprechen=.
If =ent= precedes a part of speech beginning with =z=, the =t= and
=z= do not form one letter, but remain separate: =entzweien=, not
=entzweien=.
7. _Suffixes_ =lich=, =zig=.—The letter =l= in the former should not
be joined to a preceding =f=, nor the letter =z= in the latter to a
preceding =t=. Print =verwerflich=, not =verwerflich=; =achtzehn=,
=achtzig=, not =achtzehn=, =achttzig=. So also, in dividing, put
=verwerf~lich= (or =ver~werflich=) and =acht~zehn=, =acht~zig=.
8. _German in Roman type._—In Roman type =ſz= is now rendered =ß=
(better than ſs)[88]; =ſſ= becomes ss; and in spaced words all
letters (except =ß=) are separated. When Roman capital letters are
used, =ſz= becomes SZ. Thus MASZE (=Maſze=, measures) (with long
_a_), not MASSE (=Maſſe=, substance) (with short _a_).
9. _Metal-rules in German._—Spaces are always put before and after a
rule in a sentence, wide spaces in a widely spaced line, thin spaces
in a narrowly spaced one, exactly as with words, thus: =Er sagte —
nicht ohne Zaudern —, daſz er gehen müſſe=.[89]
Rules are not put after colons.
10. _Quotation marks in German._—The commencement of a quotation is
indicated by commas followed by a thin space; the close by turned
commas. A quotation within a quotation is usually rendered by a
single Roman comma at commencement, and by a turned Roman comma at
the end[90]; thus: =Er ſagte mir: „Gehe nicht hin, denn es heiſzt,
daſz es dort von ,Geistern‛ spukt.‟=[91]
11. =ll=.—This is always printed as one letter at the end of a
syllable or word, as also in the body of a word if the latter is not
a compound, thus: =Schaliloch= (now, however, written =Schalloch=,
but divided =Schall~loch=); =will, ſoll=; =wollen, ſollen=. But in
compound words, in which the first =l= ends a syllable and the second
=l= commences the next one, the two =l=’s must be separated, thus:
=vielleicht= (divided =viel~leicht=).
12. =ſſ=, =sſ=.—Both in Roman type = ss. The first (=ſſ=) is used
after short vowels, thus: =eſſen=, =müſſen=.
The second (=sſ=) is employed when the first s ends one syllable
and the second commences the next, each syllable giving sense
taken singly, i. e. in compounds, thus: =Eisſcholle= (ice-block),
=dasſelbe=, =desſelben=.
13. =ſz=.—After long vowels or diphthongs and if followed by e or
i of a less strongly accented syllable[92]: =ſpaſzen=, =grüſzen=,
=heiſzen=, =Süſzigkeit=; also after short or long vowels or
diphthongs if followed by =t=: =haſzt=, =ſpaſzt=, =küſzt=, =grüſzt=,
=iſzt=, =genieſzt=, =heiſzt=; and also at the end of words or first
part of compounds, whether the preceding vowel be long or short:
=Schloſz=, =groſz=, =eſzbar=, =faſzlich=.
14. _Double letters._—=ch=, =ck=, =ff=, =fi=, =fl=, =ll=, =ſi=,
=ſſ=, =ſt=, =fz=, =tz=. No triple letters, like the English ffi, ffl,
are used in German.—ffi, ssi, are usually printed =ffi=, =ſſi=, as
=pfiffig=, =biſſig=; ffl is printed =ffl=, as =trefflich=.
As regards =fl=, the =f= and =l= must be separated if the latter
belongs to a suffix, thus: =ſchlaflos=, not =ſchlaflos=.
15. =ſ, s.=—The long _s_ is used at the beginning, the short _s_ at
the end of syllables (=ſagen=, =laſen=, =las=, =das=, =Häuschen=).
16. _Abbreviations in German._—The most common are: =uſw=. (= =und
so weiter=, and so on, et cetera); =z. B.= (= =zum Beiſpiel=, for
example); =d. h.= (= =das heiſzt=, that is to say); =d. i.= (= =das
iſt=, that is); =dgl.= (= =dergleichen=, such like, similar cases);
=u. a. m.= (= =und andere mehr=, and others); =ſ.= (= =ſiehe=, see);
=ſ. o.= (= =ſiehe oben=, see above); =ſ. u.= (= =ſiehe unten=, see
below); =u. ö.= (= =und öfter=, _passim_); =ſog.= (= =ſogenannt=,
so-called); =bzw.= (= =beziehungsweiſe=, respectively); =Aufl.=
(= =Auflage=, unaltered edition); =Ausg.= (= =Ausgabe=, revised
edition); =Abt.= (= =Abteilung=, division); =Abſchn.= (= =Abſchnitt=,
section); =a. a. O.= (= =am angeführten Orte=, in the place cited);
=Bb.= (= =Band=, volume); =Hs.= (= =Handſchrift=, manuscript);
=hss.= (= =Handſchriften=, manuscripts)[93].
After ordinal numbers a full point is put where we put ‘1st, 2nd’,
&c., thus: 1. =Heft= (or 1. =H.=, = =erſtes Heft=, first number);
2. =Band= (or 2. =Bd.=, = =zweiter Band=, second volume). This full
point is often mistaken by compositors and readers for a full stop.
For & in ‘&c.’ the Germans have a special character _&_, thus: _&c_.;
but =uſw.= now generally takes its place.
17. _The Apostrophe._—Print =iſt’s=, =geht’s= (for =iſt es=, =geht
es=); but where a preposition and the article =das= are merged, omit
the apostrophe; thus =ans= (for =an das=), =ins= (for =in das=),
=durchs= (for =durch das=), =fürs= (for =für das=), (_not_ =an’s=,
=in’s=, =durch’s=, =für’s=).
After proper names ending in =s=, =ſs=, =z=, used possessively, put
an apostrophe, omitting the apostrophal _s_; thus =Voſs’ Luiſe=,
=Demoſthenes’ Reden=, =Horaz’ Oden= (Voss’s _Louise_, Demosthenes’
_Speeches_, Horace’s _Odes_). But put =Schillers Gedichte=
(Schiller’s Poems).
18. _The Comma._—In German, commas must invariably be put before
=daſs= and before relative clauses (beginning with =der=, =die=,
=das=, =welcher=, =welche=, =welches=, =womit=, =wodurch=, =woran=,
=woraus=, &c. &c.). This is frequently forgotten by English
compositors.
19. §.—This mark (in English, ‘section’) is called in German
‘Paragraph’.
FOOTNOTES:
[86] For many useful suggestions in this section, bringing these
rules up to date, I am much indebted to Karl Breul, M.A., Litt.D.,
Ph.D., Reader in Germanic at Cambridge University.—H. H.
[87] A very useful book is that by K. Duden, _Orthographisches
Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache_, 8th ed., Leipzig, 1906. Price
2_s._—H. H.
[88] Where these founts are not yet available, ss must, as hitherto,
be put for =ſz=.
[89] He said—not without hesitation—that he must depart.
[90] Single German commas are, however, also used.
[91] He said to me, ‘Do not go there, for they say that “ghosts” are
haunting that place’.
[92] After short vowels and before =e= and =i= of less strongly
accented syllables print =ſſ=: =eſſen=, =wiſſen=, =laſſen=, =küſſen=,
=Flüſſigkeit=.
[93] A very full list of German abbreviations, with explanations, is
given in Dr. Breul’s _New German Dictionary_ (Cassell & Co., London,
1906).
APPENDIX IV
DIVISION OF LATIN WORDS
The general rules are practically Priscian’s. They are well
summarized in Gildersleeve’s _Latin Grammar_.
1. ‘In dividing a word into syllables, a consonant between two vowels
belongs to the second: _a-mo_, _li-xa_.
2. ‘Any combination of consonants that can begin a word (including
_mn_, under Greek influence) belongs to the following vowel; in other
combinations the first consonant belongs to the preceding vowel:
_a-sper_, _fau-stus_, _li-bri_, _a-mnis_.
3. ‘The combinations incapable of beginning a word are (_a_) doubled
consonants: _sic-cus_; (_b_) a liquid and a consonant: _al-mus_,
_am-bo_, _an-guis_, _ar-bor_.
4. ‘Compounds are treated by the best grammarians as if their parts
were separate words: _ab-igo_, _res-publica_.’
To take a page of Cicero:
_con-sequi so-lent ex-ponimus a-criter cri-mi-no-se diligen-ter a-gi
re-rum conse-quentium miseri-cor-dia com-movebitur au-di-to-ris
a-ni-mus osten-demus com-modis cu-ius cu-i quo-rum qui-bus-que_ (not
_qui-bu-sque_) _us-que_ (because the parts are separate) _ca-ptabimus
pote-statem sub-i-ci-e-mus pa-renti-bus neces-sariis cle-men-tia_.
Again: