He should work until he begins to feel tired, but after he has become
master of the event--say in a year or so--he need practise but two or
three times a week, and he will find that his form and powers are thus
best retained.
In England the university athletes put the shot from a ten-foot square
instead of a seven-foot circle. This gives them a certain advantage over
American athletes, for they get a longer run, and thus more speed, and
hence a greater momentum at the end. Hickok can put the shot from two to
three feet farther from a ten-foot square than he can from a seven-foot
circle, and with practice he believes that he could do even better. If
an unlimited run, or series of hops, were allowed, the record for
putting the shot would certainly be much greater than it is at present;
but there is no doubt that the average form of athletes who take part in
this event would be very much lower than it is now with the present
scientific restrictions.
The first important indoor games of the season were held on Saturday,
February 8th, in the Eighth Battalion Armory by the Barnard School.
There were ten events on the programme, all of which were open, and a
cup was offered to the visiting school winning the greatest number of
points. This trophy went to Berkeley, who took two firsts and one
second, and still, no doubt, retained something up her sleeve.
The Barnard team captured six firsts and two seconds, and showed that
there is plenty of strong material in the school from which to develop a
promising team for out-door work in the spring. All the events were
interesting to watch, there being no handicaps, and the junior races
were especially good, being rather more "for blood," perhaps, than the
others, and being always a better field for surprises, as new material
of an unknown quantity is continually appearing there.
Four records were broken, and the little fellows did most of the
figure-smashing. W. S. Hipple, who made such a good showing against
Kilpatrick last fall, defeated Irwin-Martin in the quarter-mile run, and
then lowered the half-mile in-door record, made by Martin two years ago,
from 2 m. 14-2/5 sec. to 2 m. 5 sec.! The time of the man who finished
second to Hipple was 2 m. 19-4/5 sec. Beldford lowered the record for
the mile. He took the lead from the start, but had a sharp tussle with
Manuel of Pingry's toward the end, beating him in by only a few yards in
4 m. 54-2/5 sec.
Moore ran the first heat of the 60-yard dash in 7 seconds, and repeated
his performance when he won in the finals. He took another first in the
220, which was the only sprint run without heats. His time in this was
26-1/5 seconds, with Goetting of Brooklyn High second. The in-door
scholastic record for the Junior 60-yard dash was made by Moeller,
Columbia Grammar, in 1893, 7-2/5 seconds. At this Barnard meeting,
Wilson, Leech, Hewitt, Armstead, and Tebyrica each won his heat in 7-1/5
seconds, but Armstead came home first in the finals in 7-2/5 seconds.
The record for the Junior 220-yard dash went down likewise. The old mark
was 28 seconds, made by Wilson last year. Wilson ran his first heat this
year in 27-2/5 seconds, Millard got the next in 27-3/5 seconds, and
Wilson took the final in 26-4/5 seconds.
The high-jump mark only got up to 5 feet 6 inches, where Pell and Brown
tied. The hurdles looked like an easy thing for Beers, but in the final
heat he had a hot tussle with Herrick and Harris, winning on a close
margin. On account of a claimed foul the two latter had to race over
again, and Herrick won in 8-1/5 seconds. Beers had cleared the distance
in 8 seconds.
The summary of points made follows:
Name. Firsts. Seconds. Thirds. Total.
Barnard 6 2 .. 36
Berkeley 2 1 .. 13
Brooklyn High .. 2 1 7
Stevens Prep 1 .. .. 5
De La Salle 1 .. .. 5
Cutler .. 1 1 4
Colombia Grammar .. 1 1 4
Pingry .. 1 1 4
Adelphi .. 1 .. 3
Trinity .. 1 .. 3
Oxford .. .. 2 2
Alling's Art .. .. 1 1
Drisler .. .. 1 1
Dwight .. .. 1 1
At the meeting of the Long Island I.S.A.A. last week the protest entered
by Brooklyn High against Adelphi as a result of the League game of
handball, played between them the previous week, was decided. The
protest grew out of one of those inexplicable misunderstandings about
rules which seem to crop up every now and then in all kinds of sport. In
this case the High-school claimed the game on points, while Adelphi
wanted the game on actual wins, which were 5 out of 7, the points being
133 to 131 in favor of High-school. According to the Y.M.C.A. rules,
which were adopted by the League, Adelphi won; but both captains were
ignorant of the rules, and agreed on playing for points. Before the game
was well advanced Captain Forney of Adelphi found out his mistake, and
declared he was playing for games won.
The decision reached was the most natural and logical one. It was found
that both teams had violated the rules equally by agreeing to play for
points, and the game was awarded to Adelphi, because that team had won
in accordance with the Y.M.C.A., and consequently the L.I.I.S.A.A.,
rules. This case is somewhat similar to the one which cropped up on the
football field last fall in this same Brooklyn League. It looks as
though the captains did not keep very well posted on the rules. And yet
one of the first things a captain should do is to know these by heart.
Talk with the captain of a Yale or a Harvard university team, and there
is not a question of the most intricate nature covered by the rules of
his game that you can corner him on. It ought to be the same way with
school captains. Slipshod knowledge is worth nothing; absolute
familiarity with the law is vital.
The Long Island League has decided to hold annual in-door games
henceforth, and the first ones will be given in the new Fourteenth
Regiment Armory, Brooklyn, on Saturday, the 29th. The following events
will be open to members from any school that is a member of the National
Interscholastic Association: 75-yard dash, 75-yard dash (boys under
sixteen), 220-yard dash, 440-yard dash, 880-yard dash, 1-mile run,
putting 12-pound shot, running high jump, pole vault, and 75-yard
hurdle. The rules governing entries and competition will be those of the
Long Island Association and of the A.A.A. Entries close February 22d
with H. O. Pratt, 232 Clinton Avenue, Brooklyn.
The convention of New Jersey schools, held in Plainfield last week,
resulted in the formation of a New Jersey Interscholastic A. A. Its
members are Plainfield High-school; Newark Academy; Pingry's School, of
Elizabeth; Stevens Preparatory School, of Hoboken: Rutgers Preparatory
School, of New Brunswick; and the Montclair High-school. It was decided
that each school shall hold an athletic meeting every year. The State
athletic meet will be held on the first Saturday in June, and the annual
meeting of the association will take place on the same day. The
association will control track athletics, baseball, football, and
cricket.
It is encouraging to see so many associations starting up in various
parts of the country, and I cannot but feel that the formation of the
National Association has had much to do with it. The schools have
realized what a great advantage it will be to have an established and
recognized standard, and a central and controlling body; and knowing
that the only way for them to become members of such a central or parent
body is to first form an association, the result has been the
organization of interscholastic leagues in many sections where hitherto
there had been only a desultory sort of interest and activity in track
athletics.
Another new association recently established is the Hudson River
Interscholastic League. It is composed of the Mohegan Lake School, of
Peekskill; Riverview Academy, of Poughkeepsie; and Holbrook's, of Sing
Sing. Doubtless before long the many other institutions in the towns
along the Hudson will see the advantage of belonging to an association,
and will apply for admission. It looks now as if by the time the
officers of the National Association get ready to make their
announcement of the spring games there will be more than double the
number of associations to answer the call than there was a year ago at
this same period.
The ice-polo season has been a most successful one in Boston this year,
and many of the games have proved exciting and close. Lack of space has
prevented our giving any detailed account of the matches in this
Department, but I hope to be able to publish the result of the winter's
work and the scores of the League games, for the sake of the record, as
soon as the finals have been settled.
The suggestion made by Professor Atewell, of the Columbia Grammar
School, to hold an interscholastic gymnasium contest is an excellent
one, and one that this Department heartily endorses. Such a contest has
many advantages over an in-door track-athletic meeting, and now that
most of the schools in the city are provided with gymnasiums, it would
seem an easy matter to arrange one. Trinity School, at present, seems to
take the greatest interest in gymnasium work of any school in the city.
By gymnasium work I do not mean exercise in the gymnasium preparatory
for track athletics. I mean work on the rings, bars, etc., and
calisthenics.
THE GRADUATE.
[Illustration: THE CAMERA CLUB]
Any questions in regard to photograph matters will be willingly
answered by the Editor of this column, and we should be glad to
hear from any of our club who can make helpful suggestions.
PREPARATION OF TINTED SENSITIVE PAPERS.
NO. 2.--HOW TO MAKE VIOLET TONES.
To make violet tones the paper is first sensitized in the same way
described for making red prints. Make a solution of 96 grs. of nitrate
of uranium and 4 oz. of water. Put this solution in a shallow tray, such
as is used for toning, and float the prepared photographic paper on this
for twenty seconds; drain carefully, and pin up to dry in a dark room.
If dried by artificial heat the paper is made more sensitive and prints
more quickly.
As soon as the paper is dry wrap it in post-office paper, and then in
black needle-paper--such as sensitive papers are wrapped in--and lay it
away in a drawer or covered box till wanted. This paper may be prepared
several days before using, but should not be kept too long.
To print, place in the printing-frame and expose to light. If the
negative is thin, three minutes in bright sunlight or one hour in the
shade or a very dull day will be necessary for printing, and if a strong
negative, ten minutes in bright sunlight or two hours in the shade will
be necessary.
Have ready prepared a solution of 8 grs. of chloride of gold and 4 oz.
of water. As soon as the print is taken from the frame wash it for
twenty-five or thirty seconds in hot water (120° Fahr.), and place face
up in a toning-tray, and flood the print with the chloride-of-gold
solution. The print does not show when it is taken from the frame, but
is developed with the chloride-of-gold solution. When the detail is well
out, and the color a rich violet, take from the tray and wash in running
water or in several changes of water, till none of the coloring matter
shows in the water. Pin by the corners on a flat board, and set the
board in an upright position till the prints are dry.
These violet prints are very attractive for certain kinds of work.
Flower studies, especially those of single flowers, make novel prints. A
set of four different colored prints might be made and used as
decorations for a calendar. Mount the prints on square sheets of heavy
drawing or Bristol board, and on each sheet place a three months'
calendar. These calendars may be obtained at any stationery-store. The
cards may be further decorated by tracing fine gilt lines round the
picture and calendar leaves. An appropriate motto may also be added to
each sheet.
Of course the first of the year has already passed, and it may seem out
of season for suggestions as to making calendars, but one of the
prettiest birthday gifts to a friend is a calendar beginning with the
day of the month which marks his or her birthday. Such a calendar is
very convenient, for it laps over into the coming year, which is
sometimes a great advantage. Instead of mounting the prints directly on
the card, an opening may be cut in the card and the picture placed
behind it, as described in "Tinted Papers," No. 1. If this is done, a
thinner piece of card-board should be pasted on the back, not only as a
finish, but as a protection to the picture.
Blue prints may be toned to a dark violet by first printing, washing
them in clear water, and then flowing them with a solution of 1 part
potassium hydrate in 300 parts of water, and again with a solution of
4-1/2 oz. of alcohol (90 per cent.), 7-1/2 oz. distilled water, 1 oz.
gallic acid. This gives the prints a dark purple or violet color, not so
pleasing as that made by the process just given, but, if not printed a
too deep blue in the first place, look very well.
Tinted papers--with the exception of carbon papers and blue prints--are
not found in the market, but must be prepared by the amateur.
MR. EMIL DÆCHE, Patron, of Jersey City, New Jersey, gives the
formula which he uses for toning aristo paper whereby he obtains
fine chocolate tones, and asks if prints made by this process will
be permanent. The prints, if well washed, ought to be permanent,
and not turn yellow. The reason why prints turn yellow after having
been made some time is not so much the toning process as the fault
of the paper. Aristo prints are not as permanent as albumen,
bromide, or platinotype prints, or even those made on plain salted
paper. Improvements are being made in aristo papers, and they are
now of much better keeping quality than those first put on the
market. If Mr. Dæche will kindly send a more detailed account of
the process which he uses, we should be glad to publish it for the
benefit of the members of the Camera Club.
ADVERTISEMENTS.
[Illustration: Royal Baking Powder]
Arnold
Constable & Co
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Fabrics.
_D. & J. Anderson's Zephyrs,_
_Chene and Persian Effects,_
_Silk Mixtures,_
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Wash Fabrics.
_French Piqué,_
_Printed Dimity,_
_White Emb'd Nainsook._
Printed Linen Lawns.
_Frères Koechlin's Organdies._
NOVELTIES.
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Broadway & 19th st.
NEW YORK.
[Illustration]
No
you haven't seen it if you say it's like any other.
The CUPID Hair Pin never slips out.
It's in the TWIST.
Richardson & De Long Bros., makers of the famous DeLong Hook and Eye.
HARPER'S CATALOGUE thoroughly revised, classified, and indexed, will be
sent by mail to any address on receipt of ten cents.
[Illustration: Thompson's Eye Water]
[Illustration: BICYCLING]
This Department is conducted in the interest of Bicyclers, and the
Editor will be pleased to answer any question on the subject. Our
maps and tours contain much valuable data kindly supplied from the
official maps and road-books of the League of American Wheelmen.
Recognizing the value of the work being done by the L. A. W., the
Editor will be pleased to furnish subscribers with membership
blanks and information so far as possible.
It is practically impossible in this Department to give satisfactory
answers to inquiries in bicycle matters. The questions are in many cases
so similar, and yet just different enough to require separate answers,
that it would require a good portion of this periodical to answer them.
For example, many inquiries are received as to the best route from some
town or city in one State to another town or city in an adjoining State.
Of course these letters require separate answers in each case, which
would be impossible. It is, however, quite possible to give here some
general information as to the best methods of finding out such answers,
each man for himself. In the first place, it is wiser in the end to join
the L. A. W. You pay $2 per year for membership, which brings you free
the road-book of your State, if there is one, and the _L. A. W. Bulletin
and Good Roads_--a periodical that, among other things of value, gives
you all the addresses, up to date, of consuls, chief consuls, and other
State and central officers of the League. From these men all such
information can be obtained. If you do not belong to the L. A. W., you
have to pay $1.50 for the road-book and $2 for the _Bulletin_, which is
the only paper in which you can find all the officers and consuls of the
United States. The question then presenting itself to you, How can I
ride best from A in Pennsylvania to B in Ohio? your course in seeking
information is clear. Write to the chief consul of Pennsylvania and the
chief consul of Ohio--whose addresses are in the _Bulletin_--and ask
each to send you the road-book of his State. You will receive the
Pennsylvania book free if you live in Pennsylvania yourself, but you
must, of course, pay for the Ohio book. Having obtained these
road-books, or book of maps, or tour-books (for each State has a
different plan in getting up its books), pick out A, Pennsylvania, and
B, Ohio, on the maps of each book, and then follow the routes on the
maps which lead to some common point on the border. Here, then, is your
trip marked out carefully, well described, and in a form that you can
carry with you--and all at a cost of $3.50. If either State happens to
have no road-book of any kind, write to the chief consul, tell him your
proposed plan, and he will be glad to answer your questions to the best
of his ability. If there is no chief consul, then that State is indeed
benighted and behind the times--at least from a wheelman's point of
view.
Another general set of questions which can be classified in an
indefinite sort of way is the set which refers to training for long
distances or short distances either for racing or for pleasure trips.
General rules here can be laid down for training. In fact, the
Interscholastic Sport Department is constantly giving suggestions in
training for one particular event or another. Bicycle-training is
practically the same as the preparation gone through by a man who is to
run in the longer distances. Of course the principal part of the work is
wheeling constantly day after day for certain distances, depending on
the event for which we are training, gradually increasing speed or
distance as the event is a short distance or a long tour. Muscular
development and lung-power are required, and these must be practised by
constant gymnasium work. Running slowly on the toes, rising and falling
on one leg and then on the other many times, rising on the toes and
falling back slowly on the heels two or three or four hundred times in
succession without bending the knees--these exercise the proper leg
muscles. But when the lungs and heart come into the question more care
should be taken. Many strong men find that while their lungs and heart
are vigorous for ordinary games, bicycling puts too great a strain on
both, especially the latter. For instance, after riding steadily up hill
and down hill for twenty miles at fifteen miles an hour, you begin to
feel a stricture across the chest, you have that peculiar sensation as
if you were tasting blood, and it is impossible to take a long
satisfying breath which seems to "go" beyond a certain point down into
your lungs. When these facts become noticeable, especially if you are
not in the best of training, it is well to dismount and walk a little by
your wheel, until you can mount again and ride with the mouth closed and
the air entering your lungs through the nostrils. In fact, all riding
should stop when the wheelman cannot breathe most of the time through
his nose; otherwise the lungs are overtaxed, which may do no harm in
occasional instances, but will in the end, if kept up, be injurious.
A WONDERFUL VIOLIN.
Wandering through the Italian quarter of New York lately, I came across
a copy of Dante's _Inferno_. It was bound in very thick covers, and in
looking it over a few days ago, I was much surprised to find a sort of
pocket, partially disguised, in the under cover. It contained some
sheets of manuscript written in a fine Italian hand. I had the
manuscript translated, and found that it was a sort of diary of a young
lad whose whole life must have been wrapped up in violins, for the
records of his day-book are liberally interspersed with memorandums on
that instrument. After reading the pages through, I found a little story
among them, and for its curious interest, I give it herewith.
It seems the boy's family was of noble origin, and had grand designs for
the future of their son, whose name was Paolo. Paolo, however, was
averse to their ideas, as his only desire was violins, either to make
them or play them, and ofttimes, in defiance of his father's orders, he
would steal into a distant part of the house, and indulge in his love of
playing. This had happened so frequently, and Paolo was fast growing to
be a manly fellow, that his father rebuked him very strongly one day. He
touched the sensitive chords of the musician's soul too much, and Paolo
responded with hot words that led to his father's banishing him forever
from the house.
Paolo went forth with his valuable violin, his one friend, as he
thought, and passed on from town to town, city to city, playing for his
living. He changed his name, and as time went by, his father, who sat
brooding in sadness over his hasty action, never recognized in the name
of a new brilliant maestro his banished son. A violin hung in front of
his chair in the large hall, and he was accustomed to sitting there
before it and dreaming of Paolo. One day, as the light of the afternoon
was fast waning, he sat with eyes wandering over the instrument.
Suddenly, almost like fairy music, the low sweet melody of a favorite
piece of Paolo's came from the violin. He started back, fearing that he
was mad; but no, the music was certainly coming from the violin. What
could it mean? He seized it, and the moment he did so the music stopped.
He dropped down in his chair again, and waited. Softly the strains came
from the strings, and with a cry of grief the father called aloud for
his son, only to hear a voice, and, turning, he found Paolo standing
before him with outstretched arms. They were reconciled at last.
Paolo accounted for the wonderful music by leading his father to the
other end of the hall and pointing to a small alcove behind a pillar,
explained that everything spoken or played in that spot would cast the
sound directly over to where the violin hung, and that as a boy he had
discovered the wonderful echo, and experimented with it more than once.
He had driven the nail in the wall years ago, and when he entered the
hall upon his return, and saw his father sitting there before the
violin, he resolved to try his love by use of that boyish experiment.
It would be hard to credit this story, were it not for the fact that
such an echo is one of the show-cards of the guides in the Capitol at
Washington, and several others are more or less famous through the
world.
HUBERT EARL.
[Illustration: THE PUDDING STICK]
This Department is conducted in the interest of Girls and Young
Women, and the Editor will be pleased to answer any question on the
subject so far as possible. Correspondents should address Editor.