Experience has shown that all the armies which have gone to any
distance from the Danube, in the wars of Hungary, have been
unfortunate, because, at the same time, they have left their means of
subsistence behind them. The thirst for command which tormented the
Austrian generals in 1739, made them forgetful of these old war maxims.
The Imperial army, scattered about in all directions, was formidable
nowhere. Multiplied contradictory orders augmented the uncertainty
of their generals, and, every day, gave rise to fresh errors among
them. General Oliver Wallis replaced, upon this dangerous theatre,
Kœningsheck, created grand master of the empress’s household. Very
little flattered by this command, General Wallis wrote to the king
of Prussia, upon his nomination: “The emperor has confided to me the
command of his army: the first who conducted it before me is in prison;
he whom I immediately succeed has been made eunuch of the seraglio;
my only chance is to lose my head at the end of the campaign.” The
Imperial army, sixty thousand strong, assembled near Belgrade. That
of the Turks was twice as numerous. Wallis marched against the enemy
without having made the least disposition. He attacked the Janissaries
with his cavalry, in a hollow way: whilst his horse defiled in this
passage, they could not defend themselves against the Janissaries
posted among the vines and in the hedges, near the village of Grotska;
his cavalry was beaten in this defile before his infantry could
come up. The latter were led to slaughter with the same imprudence,
the Turks firing upon them at their pleasure, and in safety. The
Imperialists retreated with the decline of day, having sustained a
loss of twenty thousand men. If the Turks had pursued them, Wallis and
his whole army must have been destroyed. Stupified with this disgrace,
Wallis continued to heap error upon error. Although joined by General
Neuperg, with a large detachment, he did not think himself in safety
till within the trenches of Belgrade. Pursued thither by the grand
vizier, he again abandoned this city to the Turks, and recrossed the
Danube. The emperor, discouraged by these losses, ordered Marshal
Neuperg to treat for peace. It cost the Austrian monarch the kingdom
of Servia, and Belgrade. Oliver Wallis was not much mistaken in his
prognostics: he was imprisoned in the fortress of Brünn, and Marshal
Neuperg, although much less culpable, in the fortress of Gratz.