His full name was Mamanowatum, which means, "O be joyful." He was a big
man, almost gigantic, and generally slow in his movements, except when
on the trail. When he arose to address an assembly, either in council,
or church, he got up by inches, and seemed to rest between. But when he
was up, and began to talk, he had something to say that was worthy of
attention.
Our first introduction to him was in 1868. He was the guide and
steersman of the Hudson Bay inland boat, in which my wife and I
travelled from Fort Garry, on the Red River of the North, to Norway
House, situated on Playgreen Lake, beyond the northern extremity of Lake
Winnipeg.
At this time Big Tom, as he was called by everybody, had been an earnest
Christian for several years. Earlier missionaries had preceded us, and
among the Indian converts was this godly man, about whom it is a
pleasure to write. We both took to him at once. He was one of nature's
noblemen. While pleased with his kindly considerate ways, we admired
the skill and ability with which he managed the little boat on such a
stormy lake.
The long and dangerous journey was of about four hundred miles and
occupied us for about fourteen days. Big Tom steered our boat with a
long oar, which he used as a rudder. The principal propelling power of
these boats, is the long strong oars, manned by the Indian crews. We
had in our boat eight good oarsmen, and the vigour and endurance of
these men was a matter of constant admiration. When head winds
prevailed, or we were in the midst of calm, hour sifter hour these
faithful men toiled on at their oars, as diligently as ever did any
galley slave. A favouring breeze, even if it turned into a dangerous
gale, was ever welcomed, as it gave the men a rest from their slavish
work.
As soon as the wind was favourable the cheery cry of:
"Meyoo-nootin," (Fair wind,) from the guide,--or as was the cry on this
trip, "Souway-nas," (South wind,)--gladdened every heart. At once there
was great activity. The oars were hauled in, and the mast which had
been lashed to the side of the boat, was quickly placed in position.
Ropes were speedily arranged, the big square sail was hoisted, and on we
sped before the favouring breeze.
With the rising of the wind, generally came the great waves; and the
most careful steering on the part of Big Tom was necessary to keep our
heavily laden boat from plunging her prow into foam-covered billows. It
was a pleasure to observe the watchful care of this cautious steersman,
as well as to see the strength and quickness with which he managed our
little boat when great waves seemed about to sweep over us. His
courteous ways won our respect, while his ability as a steersman
commanded our admiration.
He did all that he could to make our trip, which had many drawbacks, as
comfortable and as enjoyable as possible. It was not very comfortable
to have a great struggling ox on board, very close to the place where we
had to sit. Sometimes, as the boat was tossed on the waves, his head
was over one side of the little craft; and then shortly after, his tail
was over the other side.
Every night where we camped on the shore. Big Tom gathered bundles of
fragrant grass, part of which he gave the ox as provender, and with the
rest he endeavoured to make our surroundings more comfortable and
inviting. He regretted, perhaps as much as we did, our having to travel
so long a time with this great ox so close to us; and yet ere we reached
the end of our journey, it seemed almost a certainty, that what we had
considered an unmitigated nuisance, had been our salvation. One night,
in our anxiety to push on, the Indians decided not to go ashore and
camp, but to sail on all night as the wind was favourable. During the
small hours the wind increased almost to a gale, while dark clouds
obscured nearly every star. Big Tom--hero that he was--stuck to his
post and, nobly aided by his experienced Indians, under close-reefed
sail, sped rapidly on in the gloom. The missionary and his wife were
sleeping in their camp bed, which had been spread out at the feet of the
steersman; and just beyond us, lying down at our feet, was the great ox.
Suddenly the boat was thrown on its side, and came to a standstill.
For a time there was great excitement, and the shouting of orders by the
usually quiet Indians, about equalled the raging of the storm.
With great presence of mind. Big Tom instantly lowered the sail, thus
saving us from a complete upset. It was found that we had run on the
sloping side of a smooth submerged granite rock. Fortunate indeed was
it for us that our boat was well ballasted by its cargo, and that the
heaviest item was the ox. The unanimous opinion of the Indians was,
that his great weight saved us from a capsize. By careful management
the boat was released from its perilous position uninjured, and the
adventurous journey resumed.
After this exciting adventure. Big Tom decided that there must be no
more night travelling. So from early dawn until late at night we
hurried on, encamping each evening in some favourable spot upon the
shore.
The camp-fire, generously supplied with fuel from the great forests so
near, lit up the swarthy features of our stalwart men, some of whom were
engaged in preparing the evening meal, while others, in picturesque
groups, were otherwise occupied. This hearty evening meal was enjoyed
by all.
Shortly after, we all assembled for our evening devotions. Some
additional logs thrown upon our camp-fire so brightened it up, that all
who wished could easily follow the reading of the lesson in their own
Testaments and use their own hymn-books in the service of song. The
memories of some of those religious services are very precious. Still
can we hear Big Tom's deep rich voice reading in his musical Cree
language:
"Weya Muneto a ispeeche saketapun uske, ke niakew oo pauko-Koosisana,
piko una tapwatowayitche numaweya oo ga nissewunatissety, maka oo ga
ayaty kakeka pimatissewin." Which is the translation of that matchless
verse, the sixteenth of the third chapter of Saint John's Gospel.
Then after the chapter was read, an appropriate hymn would be sung. The
Indians have but little music of their own, and less poetry that can be
made available for religious worship. The result is, that the
missionaries and teachers have already translated over four hundred of
our choicest hymns into the Indian language, and use with them the tunes
with which they have been generally associated. Upon the occasion to
which we refer, it did seem sweet and appropriate to us to sing, even if
in another language, the favourite evening hymn:
"Glory to thee my God this night,
For all the blessings of the light;
Keep me, O keep me King of kings,
Beneath thine own almighty wings."
When our evening hymn had been sung, we knelt reverently upon the rocks,
while Big Tom, or some other godly Indian, led us in prayer, followed by
one or two others. Then sweet rest was ours, until the early dawn. A
sharp call, to which all promptly responded, was followed by a hasty
breakfast, and earnest prayers, and then the journey was resumed.
Two Sabbaths were spent on this journey. To our Christian Indians, the
Sabbath was indeed a much prized blessing. By scripturally using it as
a day of rest and religious worship, and not as a day of dissipation,
they were physically, as well as spiritually, invigorated; and thus able
to do much better work. We had, in addition to the morning and evening
prayers, two delightful religious services in both the Indian and
English languages. The intervals between were spent in reading the Book
and some sweet song services.
As the years rolled on, with their varied duties, we ever found in Big
Tom, a most valued and trusted assistant. His noble consistent life,
made him a benediction, to both whites and Indians. If disputes arose,
and arbitration was necessary, it was Big Tom who was first thought of
as an arbitrator; and we cannot recall an instance where his decision
was rejected.
He was a great hunter in his day, and many were the stories afloat of
his skill and prowess. For years he held the record of being the best
moose hunter in the village. The moose, although the largest of the
deer tribe, and of an ungainly appearance, can move through the forest
with great rapidity. It never gallops like other deer, but swings along
on a pacing trot, at a rate, and with an endurance that would soon leave
the swiftest horse behind. Its head is freighted with great broad horns
of enormous dimensions and weight, and yet among the dense trees, it
can, when alarmed, move so swiftly, that the fleetest hunter is soon
left far in the rear. Its sight is not equal to that of some other of
the deer species; but nature has given it the most acute powers of
hearing and of scent. From Big Tom and others we have heard it stated,
that even when a fierce November storm was raging in the woods, with
trees swaying to and fro, and branches crashing against each other and
breaking in the gale, if the incautious hunter, hundreds of yards away,
happened to step on a small dry twig that snapped under his foot, the
moose at once detected the sound and was off like an arrow, never
stopping for many miles.
Of Big Tom's skill as a hunter, we have nothing more to record at
present; but here we wish to put on record an instance of his
self-abnegation, which beautifully reveals the disinterested character
of the man, and shows what was the heart's ambition.
For many generations these American Indians have been divided into
tribes. Many and diverse are their languages; but numbers of their
customs and methods of government are similar. In all the tribes chiefs
governed who had more or less authority. In some, the honour was
hereditary; in others, not so; although in the latter the son of the
chief, if he were at all suitable, had the best chance of being
appointed in his father's place. When the Canadian government made
treaties with the Indians of the great north-west, it ever acknowledged
the authority of the chiefs; and through them, today still transacts all
business with the tribes. For some time before the treaty was made with
the northern Crees, the office of chieftainship had fallen into
abeyance. When word arrived that the government was about to enter into
treaty with them, and wished to know who was their chief, there was a
good deal of excitement. The Dominion government has been very
honourable in its treatment of the Indians, and in the respect which it
has paid to the chiefs of this naturally sensitive people, whose
allowances have been silver medals, fine clothes, and extra gratuities,
both in money and supplies. Of course there was excitement among the
Crees at the prospect of great political changes. Councils were
frequent, and many pipes were smoked in wigwams and beside camp-fires
over the matter. Various names were discussed, and sons and grandsons
were brought forward, only to be rejected one after another. Big Tom
took but little interest in these proceedings, and attended but few
councils. One day to his surprise, while at work in his garden, he was
waited upon by a deputation of Indians and informed that he was urgently
needed at the council house. Here in full council he was told that he
was the choice of the people, and that they wanted him to be their
chief--to wear the silver medal with the face of the Great Mother (the
Queen) upon it, and to be their voice to speak to the Queen's
representative, (the Governor), on all matters that referred to the
happiness and welfare of the tribe.
I had been informed of the decision of the people, and had accepted an
invitation to be present at the council when Big Tom was to be
appointed. In other days, I had attended conventions among my white
friends, and there had observed the readiness with which proffered
honours, political and ecclesiastical, were accepted. Here, however,
was a surprise in store for us; an exception to the general rule, so
marvellous that it is worth pondering.
When the office of chief was offered to him, the big man, who looked
every inch a chief, instead of accepting the position at once, became
deeply affected, and seemed utterly unable to make any suitable reply.
He tried, we thought, to express his thanks for the great honour; but
all he really did was in broken words to ask for an adjournment of the
council until the next day. While disappointed at the adjournment, I
was pleased at the thought that Big Tom, taken unawares, had felt that
he could not give the oration which the occasion demanded, and so had
asked for time to get his thoughts in order, when he would give us a
speech worthy of the great event; for Big Tom was a speaker of no mean
order, although rather slow until he warmed up to his subject.
On the reassembling of the council, we were all there, eager to hear an
Indian oration under the best auspices. It was a speech, calm,
eloquent, delightful; but how different from what had been expected.
What a chance was here for an ambitious, aspiring man! How he could
have talked about himself; what he had done, and what he was going to
do! But in Big Tom's address there was nothing of the kind. Quietly
and modestly he talked, warming up as he proceeded. The only brief
report I have of his address is the following, and it fails to do
justice to the occasion or to the man:
"Long ago when the missionaries came and preached to us, for a time we
refused to listen to them, and would not become Christians. Then, after
a while, many of us who had been in darkness, began to feel in our
hearts, that what they told us was for our good; and so we accepted
these things, and they have done us good. When I got the assurance in
my heart that I was a child of God, and had a soul that should live
forever, I found, that in working out this salvation, I had something
great to live for. To do this was the great object of my life. By and
by I married, and then, as my family increased and began to grow up
around me, I found I had another object for which to live--to help its
members along in the way to heaven, as well as to work for their comfort
here.
"Then, after a while, the missionary gave me the charge of a class. We
were to meet, and talk together about our souls, and God's love for us,
and to do all we could to help each other to the better land. To do my
duty as the leader was a great and an important work. While attending
to these duties, I found I had another object for which to live. These
three things,--my own soul's salvation; the salvation of my family; to
do all I can to help and encourage the members of my class to be true
and faithful to Him,--are uppermost in my heart.
"I am thankful for your confidence in me, in asking me to be your chief.
I know it is a great honour; but I see it will have many
responsibilities, and, that whoever has the position, will have to
attend to many other things than those which I have set my mind upon.
So you must appoint some one else; for, with those three things I cannot
let anything else interfere. I thank you, my brothers, and love you
all."
Noble, disinterested Big Tom! As I listened to him while he thus
talked, I was prouder of him than ever; and I thanked God for the
conversion of such men from paganism to Christianity, and for the
development in their hearts and lives of such noble qualities and
virtues.