VERSAILLES AND THE COMMUNE.
The Communists or Communards--The “Internationale”--Bismarck and the
National Guard--The Municipal Elections--The Insurrection--Thiers--Paris
During the Commune--Concluding Remarks.
[Illustration: PRINCE BISMARCK.
(_From a Photograph by Loescher and Petsch._)]
No sooner had peace been signed between France and Germany than a
desperate conflict took place in the streets of the capital, which led
to a two months’ war between the regular troops established at
Versailles and a mass of federated battalions of the National Guard in
Paris itself. The Communards are known in England as the “Communists”;
and, having after a time adopted certain theories on the subject of
labour and the division of property as part of their programme, they are
generally looked upon as Communists in the socialistic sense of the
word. The Communard movement of 1871 was, above all, a revolutionary
attempt to establish absolute municipal self-government in Paris. It
recalled, then, from the first the Commune of the great Revolution, when
Pétion was Mayor of Paris, with Robespierre and Danton among his
councillors and officials. The Paris Commune of the first Revolution
declared all other authorities suspended. It joined the extreme party
known as the Mountain (from occupying the highest benches in the
Assembly), organised the movement which resulted in the fall of the
moderate, well-intentioned Girondists, and remained faithful to
Robespierre throughout the Reign of Terror until the overthrow of the
revolutionary tyrant. The very name of Commune was then abolished, and
in lieu of a central municipal power, Paris was divided into twelve
distinct municipalities.
Count Bismarck at Versailles had recommended the disarming of the
National Guard. His well-meant advice was regarded with suspicion,
though, as he had foreseen, the revolutionary spirit of the force in
question soon asserted itself. Already on the 18th of March the National
Guard had resisted the action of some Line regiments. The Municipal
Elections of the 26th proved favourable to the projected Communal
Government, and, on the 29th, the Commune was formally proclaimed. The
Red Republicans, leaders in every revolutionary movement, had, since the
dethronement of Napoleon III. and the proclamation of the Republic in
September, 1870, never ceased to attack what they considered the
conservative character of the Government of National Defence; and in
demanding measures of a more democratic kind, they aimed in particular
at decentralisation, municipal independence, and the introduction of a
federated system made up of self-governing communes. These views were
supported in good faith by politicians of the extreme Republican side.
But they were adopted also, and spread abroad with many pernicious
additions, by political agitators, revolutionists, and adventurers of
the worst kind. The members of the “Internationale”--a society for the
promotion of revolution everywhere, of which but little has lately been
heard--did their best to fan the insurrectionary flame; and soon every
form of discontent had its representatives, and every impossible chimera
its supporters among the leaders of what was still called the Commune.
The vagabondism which gave to the Commune so many adherents had been
generated and developed during the siege, and there were numbers of men
in Paris, composing the worst portion of the National Guard, who saw in
the end of the war the end also of their living at Government expense,
and who looked forward with dismay to the return of regular work, the
enforcement of creditors’ claims, the collection of rents and taxes, and
a hundred other inconveniences which they had evaded during the war. On
the triumphal entry of the German army into Paris, March 1st, 1871,
detachments of the National Guard had, by express stipulation, though
contrary to Bismarck’s advice, been allowed to remain under arms for the
preservation of order in the streets, and a considerable quantity of
cannon having been entrusted to their care (in order to prevent its
falling into the hands of the Germans, who by the terms of the
armistice had every right to it), they afterwards, when summoned to do
so by General Aurelle de Paladines, refused to give it up. It was on
this occasion that the National Guard came into collision with the
regular troops, who had been instructed to receive the artillery from
them. Their determination not to part with the field-pieces placed
beneath their protection was at first attributed to an honourable
patriotic feeling. But the National Guard lost no time in seeking
ammunition for their artillery, and they took possession of several
magazines. They were attacked by some bodies of regular troops, but
succeeded in giving a good account of their opponents, some of whom were
induced to join them. A Central Committee of the National Guard was now
formed, and inflammatory proclamations were put forward demanding that
the National Guard should have the right to elect its own officers; that
the daily war pay of one franc and a half should be secured to each
National Guard until he could obtain work, and that General Aurelle de
Paladines should be displaced in order to make room for a commander of
their own choosing. In regard to general politics, they demanded
universal suffrage and the formal subjection of all military power to
the civil authority of the Paris municipality: Paris commune, that is to
say.
The chief of the new National Government, M. Thiers, saw that the time
for suppressing the movement in favour of the Commune had arrived. The
National Guard had carried their artillery to the heights of Montmartre,
and some ten thousand of the regular troops now took up positions of
attack at the base of the hill. They then pressed upwards to the summit,
overcame the guard placed outside the insurgents’ camp, took the cannon,
and made several hundred prisoners. Having once got possession of the
cannon, the regular troops do not seem to have known what to do with
their capture. News of the affair spread rapidly through the workmen’s
quarters of Montmartre and Belleville, and the alarm having been beaten,
several battalions of National Guards mustered and marched to the hill
on whose crest the cannon still remained. One of the regiments entrusted
with the custody of the guns fraternised with the assailants, and the
victory of the National Guards was thus made easy. The insurgents
remained in possession of the guns, and the few troops who remained
loyal to their colours were allowed to withdraw. Soon afterwards, on the
same day, a small body of regular troops was cut off from the main
column by a party of insurgents, and General Clément Thomas, former
commander of the National Guard of Paris, was taken prisoner and shot.
By mid-day on the 18th, the insurgents were in full possession of
Montmartre, and towards evening, the Government troops having been
driven from the field, they penetrated into other quarters, and now for
the first time established themselves in the Place Vendôme. Soon after
dark, they occupied the Hôtel de Ville without encountering any
resistance. By midnight they had made it their headquarters, the regular
troops having meanwhile returned to Versailles. On the morning of the
19th, the federated Guards held every point within their power, and the
Central Committee were the rulers of the city. The Government over which
M. Thiers presided was already established at Versailles.
Nothing could be stranger than the way in which the forts around Paris
were now occupied. Those on the eastern and north-eastern side were
still in the hands of the Germans. The regular Government held
Mont-Valérien, the most important of all the forts. The other forts had
fallen into the power of the federated battalions of the National Guard,
who now made preparations for defending the city against a second siege.
Elections were at this juncture made to a municipal assembly; the
Commune was declared to be the only true and legitimate Government of
the city; and a _Journal Officiel de la Commune de Paris_ was founded,
in which a series of decrees was immediately published. The old
revolutionary calendar was restored, March 29th being announced as “the
eighth of Germinal, year 79.” Laws were issued requiring every
able-bodied citizen, from nineteen to forty, to serve in the National
Guard; a partial remission of overdue rents was granted; three years’
time was given for payment in full of overdue notes and bills, and the
daily pay of the National Guards was raised to two and a half francs.
All articles, moreover, that had been pawned for a sum not exceeding
twenty francs were to be returned to their owners; pensions were to be
paid to the widows and orphans of those falling in the insurrection; and
all factories whose owners had left Paris were to become the property of
the workmen employed in them.
The Commune now proceeded to organisation, and, after many lively
debates in the Assembly, an executive committee was formed, when the
conduct of the Communal Government assumed a definite shape. Ministers
were appointed, and one of the leading members of the Commune--he
happened to be the best-dressed man amongst them--was named, at a time
when Paris was cut off from all communication with the outer world,
“Director of External Affairs”--“Directeur des Affaires Extérieures.”
“Ce monsieur,” said Rochefort, when he heard of the appointment, “a plus
d’extérieur que d’affaires.”
[Illustration: M. THIERS.
(_From a Photograph by Appert, Paris._)]
The general cry on the part of the Communal leaders was now to march
upon Versailles and “crush the Assembly.” The first encounter, however,
with regular troops undeceived the National Guard as to the kind of
reception they would encounter. They had expected fraternisation, but
met only with defeat. Their first repulse, however, had little effect
but to encourage the Communal Government to renewed efforts; and on the
day following the first check nearly 90,000 men, divided into three
columns, were sent towards Versailles. The centre column, under
Bergeret, an American, was to advance in the direction of Meudon,
covered by the southern forts in possession of the Commune; the left,
under Eudes, was to approach Versailles by way of Vaugirard, Montrouge,
and Chàtillon, while the right, under Duval, was to pass directly under
the guns of Mont-Valérien, which was believed to be evacuated, and
advance upon Nanterre and Rueil. Neither column, however, had marched
very far before it encountered disaster. Bergeret was met by a division
of regulars at Meudon, and at once driven back; the left, under Eudes,
was stopped by a corps of sailors and marines and, after a fierce
encounter, compelled to retreat. The worst fate of all was reserved for
Duval’s column, which, on approaching Mont-Valérien, was surprised at
close quarters by a terrible discharge of artillery from the fort
believed to be abandoned. The middle part of the column was annihilated,
and the leading regiments, equally with the rear, took to flight. Duval
himself was captured and shot.
Bergeret’s place in the army was now taken by a Pole, Ladislas
Dombrowski, who was also made Commandant of Paris. Another reign of
terror seemed at hand. Requisitions were made upon public institutions
of various kinds, including churches; and several rich men, accused of
disloyalty to the Commune, had their property seized and confiscated.
Numbers of Communist prisoners taken in action had been shot, and it was
now declared that in putting to death unarmed soldiers the Versailles
authorities had transgressed the rules of civilised warfare. The
Archbishop of Paris, Monseigneur Darboy, with other ecclesiastics and
civilians of eminence, were seized as hostages; and it was announced
that for every Communist prisoner put to death three hostages would be
executed. Monseigneur Darboy was one of the first victims under this
decree. Tragic, indeed, has been the fate of three archbishops of Paris
in succession: Monseigneur Affre, who perished on the barricades in the
days of June, 1848, as he was seeking to pacify the insurgents;
Monseigneur Sibour, assassinated by a fanatical priest; Monseigneur
Darboy, shot in cold blood by the Communists.
M. Thiers, who had erected the forts of Paris partly against foreign
invasion, partly, it was thought, against a possible insurrection in
Paris itself, enjoyed within a few months the opportunity of testing
their utility in both characters. As a protection against assault from
the outside they had proved ineffective, though they need not have done
so had Paris been approached within a reasonable time by a relieving
army strong enough to break through the lines of investment. Against the
forces of the Commune they were found very serviceable; and, when the
final advance was made from Versailles, the forts played an important
part in covering the attack. The Versailles troops were under the
command of Marshal MacMahon, who retained his popularity with the French
by reason of his being, as a matter of fact, the only prominent French
leader who had not signed a capitulation or in any way capitulated;
though, had he not been severely wounded on the morning of the battle of
Sedan, he would have had no choice but to surrender on the terms which
his successor in command, General de Wimpffen, was compelled to accept.
Nevertheless, while General de Wimpffen, Marshal Bazaine, and General
Uhrich, Commandant of Strasburg, were stigmatised, with all the
commandants of the numerous fortified towns which surrendered under
severe bombardment, as unworthy of the trust reposed in them, Marshal
MacMahon, by the mere accident of his having been incapacitated at the
beginning of the most critical battle of the whole war, was regarded as
a hero without fear and without reproach.
To return to Versailles--the regular troops occupied point after point,
until at last they were prepared for a final advance. Rossel, an
artillery officer of considerable talent, had now replaced Cluseret as
“delegate for war.” Dombrowski retained the chief command. But the
Commune was greatly in want of leaders, and numbers of battalions were
without chiefs, On the 10th of May M. Thiers’ private house was
demolished, and on May 16th the Vendôme column was overthrown. The
insurgents, under the pressure of the Versailles troops, became almost
as frantic as were the revolutionists of the Reign of Terror when they
feared the invasion of all Europe. The most bitter hatred was expressed
against the Versailles Government by popular orators haranguing crowds
in the streets and in the great republican clubs. Bands of women, as
during the revolution of 1789, marched through the public thoroughfares,
carrying arms and exciting the people against the “assassins of
Versailles.”
On the 14th of May several forts were captured from the Communists; and
on the 21st everything seemed ready for a general attack. Proclamations
were posted on the walls of Paris calling upon citizens to fight to the
last; and officers rode through the streets inciting all they met to
determined resistance. These appeals proved ineffective in the richer
quarters of Paris, where the arrival of the Versailles troops was looked
forward to with joy. But they met with the fullest response in the
workmen’s districts, where even women and children fought at the
barricades. Begun on Sunday, May 21st, the operations of the Versailles
army were continued on Monday and Tuesday. The troops had been divided
into five columns, which were to form a cordon round the city, and,
attacking vigorously at certain points in the circumference, were
gradually to concentrate so as to hem in the insurgents on all
sides--the plan, in short, of the battle of Sedan applied by Frenchmen
to other Frenchmen. On Tuesday morning, May 23rd, the attack was begun.
The Versailles troops were successful at all points; but one of the
columns met with a desperate resistance on the plateau of Montmartre,
which was not taken until after severe fighting. Close to Montmartre the
Place Pigalle, where Dombrowski had his headquarters, still held out. It
was surrounded by a barricade, which was defended with the utmost energy
for two hours, until the Communist leader fell mortally wounded. Then
the resistance did not cease; but before night the important stronghold
was in possession of the Versailles troops.
There was desperate fighting, too, in the Place Vendôme, which was at
last taken by an overwhelming assault made at the same time from the Rue
de la Paix on the one side and the Rue de Castiglione on the other. The
Place de l’Opéra was also the scene of a sanguinary struggle. It was not
until Wednesday morning that the Bourse was taken, and the only
important points left unoccupied were now the Hôtel de Ville and the
Château d’Eau.
Meanwhile the insurgents, gradually falling back, had, in their
powerlessness, gratified their rage by the most barbarous means.
Organised incendiarism had been resorted to, and fires now broke out in
every part of Paris. Fires which might possibly have been caused by
shells had been noticed on the Tuesday, and now, on Wednesday, the
Tuileries was in flames. Soon the Palais Royal, a whole side of the Rue
Royale, and then, in an easterly direction, the Hotel de Ville, were
found to be burning. A panic spread through the city, among the
Versailles troops as well as the people. It was repeated from mouth to
mouth that the Communists had sworn to burn all Paris by fire kindled
with petroleum; and a series of arrests and executions was now begun,
which soon amounted to the indiscriminate slaughter of all who chanced
to fall under the slightest suspicion. “It was only necessary,” says an
American writer, Dr. Edward L. Burlingame, “that a man or woman should
be pointed at as _pétroleur_ or _pétroleuse_; they were shot down
without inquiry or mercy. Houses were searched, and those hidden in them
were brought into the streets and killed. Many entirely innocent shared
the fate of the leaders, like Vermorel and Rigault, both of whom fell by
these summary executions. A court-martial was established in the centre
of the city, but even for those brought before it there was in most
cases only a hurried form of trial. New fires were continually lighted,
either by concealed incendiaries--of whom many were taken with the
implements for their work in their hands--or by petroleum bombs from the
barricades and the districts still in possession of the Communists.
During this week of conflagrations there were consumed or partially
burned, besides a great number of private houses, the Palais de Justice,
the Prefecture of Police, the Palace of the Legion of Honour, the Porte
St. Martin Theatre, the Grenier d’Abondance, several churches, many
mercantile establishments and minor public buildings: all this, besides
the more formidable conflagrations at the Hôtel de Ville, the Tuileries
and the Louvre.”
During the whole of Wednesday, in spite of the distraction caused by the
fires, the troops had steadily continued the manœuvres by which they
were gradually closing about the last insurgent strongholds. Around the
burning hotel the Communists contested every step of advance with
desperate bravery. It was late on Wednesday night before the building,
then in flames in four places, was at last abandoned. On the left bank
of the Seine the resistance was still more obstinate, and it was only on
Thursday afternoon that the Versailles troops succeeded in driving the
insurgents from their last strong position on the Buttes-aux-Cailles,
after the bloodiest contest since their entry into the city. Still
fighting, the Communists fell back to the manufactory of the Gobelins,
which they set on fire. Here was their last desperate defence on this
side of the river. Prisoners in their hands were forced to man the
barricades, and afterwards were shot down after freedom had been
scoffingly promised them. After a violent struggle the Versailles troops
gained possession of the whole district, and with it of the last
contested spot on the left bank.
On the right bank the troops were operating towards the Faubourg St.
Antoine, and especially the Place de la Bastille, which was taken on
Friday, when the insurgents retired to the cemetery of Père Lachaise.
The quarter of Belleville, inhabited almost exclusively by workmen,
resisted with the greatest ferocity, and on Friday night it was still
unconquered by the Versailles troops, who now formed a semicircle around
it. On Saturday, May 27th, there were still barricades to take in the
Faubourg du Temple; and the Communists had yet to be dislodged from the
cemetery of Père Lachaise. A fire, too, was kept up by a battery on the
Buttes Chaumont. On the evening of Saturday, May 27th, General Vinoy
took the cemetery by storm. The last defence of the Communists was made
at a barricade in the Faubourg du Temple, which, in spite of constant
attacks, held out until Sunday at noon. At five o’clock on Sunday
afternoon the firing had ceased throughout the city, and a notice from
Marshal MacMahon was posted on the walls announcing that the civil war
was at an end. The dead were scattered through half the streets of
Paris, the hospitals were crowded with the wounded on both sides, and
nearly twenty thousand prisoners were in the hands of the Government.
The great majority of the ordinary prisoners were set at liberty; but a
considerable number were shot on the plain of Satory, near Versailles.
Many more were transported to penal colonies.
[Illustration: MARSHAL MACMAHON.
(_From a Photograph by Appert, Paris._)]
Versailles now lost its military importance as headquarters for the
army. But the Assembly continued to sit there, and did not until some
time afterwards hold its deliberations within the walls of Paris.
“In five or ten years, as soon as you are strong enough,” said Count
Bismarck to General de Wimpffen, during the negotiations which followed
the battle and preceded the surrender of Sedan, “you will attack us
again, and we must be prepared for you.” This prediction, happily, has
not been fulfilled. The words “as soon as you are strong enough” are
somewhat oracular in character; but, as a matter of fact, France has
remained at peace far longer than was thought probable either by her
friends or by her enemies. The peace of 1815 lasted only fifteen years,
and it was first broken by the French themselves. The peace which
followed the Franco-German War has already endured for twenty-three
years.
Paris seemed to have escaped from the murderous grip of its foe only to
commit suicide. But the deeds of the Commune, however shocking, were not
altogether without precedent in the history of France; and, were it now
worth while to seek them, excuses might almost be found for the
desperation of those days.
The “pyromania” by which the fanatical incendiaries of the Commune may
well be said to have been inspired had shown itself before in French
history; so, too, had the panic by which the pyromania of 1871 was
naturally followed. In the sixteenth century, on the 23rd of May, 1524,
the town of Troyes was burnt down; men in disguise had, it was said,
excited children to kindle the flames. As soon as the news reached
Paris, people lost their heads. Some terrible plot was supposed to have
been formed, the object of which was to destroy the whole of Paris.
Accordingly, just as happened three centuries and a half later under the
Commune, the citizens came out to guard their own houses, and began by
stopping up the holes opening into their cellars. Under the Commune it
was said that slowly burning sulphur matches were thrown into all the
cellars, and every woman who was seen carrying a basket or a milk-can
was called a _pétroleuse_. In 1524 it was forbidden by public
proclamation to light the customary bonfires on the feast of St. John;
and during the Commune it was imprudent for several days to light a
lucifer in the streets.
During the reign of Louis XIV., an English traveller remarked that no
people were more industrious than the Parisians, nor gave less money,
because he said they hastened to spend all they earned in food, drink
and clothes. The vanity of dress, the love of ornaments, and, above all,
of decorations in the official sense of the word, has always tormented
the Parisians. The passion for equality still shows itself in France by
everyone wishing to wear a gold stripe on his trousers or a feather in
his cap. No such brilliant display of fantastic uniforms was ever seen
as during the Commune. The officers of Dombrowski’s and Bergeret’s
staff, bumping on their horses as they pranced along the boulevards, did
credit to the imagination of the costumiers; and after the suppression
of the Commune, one of the first orders issued by Marshal MacMahon dealt
with this strange abuse--indulgence in unauthorised uniforms--which were
condemned collectively as fancy dresses, _costumes de fantaisie_. At the
beginning of the First Revolution the same phenomenon had been seen.
The women were no less ridiculous than the men, as they preceded or
followed the battalions in military jackets laden with the most
grotesque ornaments. These viragoes were the lineal descendants of the
“tricoteuses” of the First Revolution, and of Théroigne de Méricourt.
“The wife of a colonel walks about with a red cap on her head,” writes
the author of a book on the events of the Reign of Terror, entitled “Un
Témoin de la Révolution.” “She carries pistols in her belt, and boasts
publicly of the number of persons she killed during the massacres of
August and September.” There was apparent novelty in the permission
given by the Commune to tenants not to pay their rent; but this
eminently popular measure had been anticipated by the Council of Union
in the days of the League.
If there was nothing new in the excesses of the Commune, neither is
there in the accusations, often groundless, made against the luxury and
immorality of the Parisians. Everything that has been said about the
demoralisation of France under the Second Empire had been said about the
demoralisation of France under Louis Philippe, not to speak of the 17th
and 18th centuries, whose morals and manners are only too abundantly
described in a whole series of memoirs.
“The industrial and commercial activity of this epoch, the stimulus it
gave to all material appetites, brought about,” says M. Lavallée in his
“History of Paris,” “a competition without limits, the most hideous
speculation, a more shameless, more barefaced love of money than in the
time of the Regency or of the Directory.” M. Lavallée, however, is here
writing not of the Paris of Napoleon III., but of the Paris of Louis
Philippe.
“The more civilisation is developed,” says M. Maxime Ducamp,[H] “the
more reproaches of this kind will be made, and apparently in all
sincerity. The discovery of the precious metals, which have gradually
become abundant, has given to the world excessive wealth; wealth has
created wants, and some of these wants have become habitual. Every
effort is made to satisfy them. To demand from a rich nation a life of
abnegation and poverty, is to demand from the human being more than his
nature permits. A man will without murmuring live on oatmeal and
horseflesh when he is constrained to do so by necessity, but in the
ordinary course of life he prefers wheaten bread and beef-steak. People
are said to have been very virtuous at Sparta. But the Spartans honoured
theft: a proof of extreme poverty or of inconceivable idleness.”
[H] “Paris, ses organes, ses fonctions et sa vie.”
This wealth and this luxury which moralists, severe upon other people,
condemn with violence, have not been without influence in softening
manners, and they have brought about, to take only a hygienic view, a
notable prolongation of human life. In lieu of rookeries in which whole
families used to rot, in hovels without sun or air, Paris now possesses
broad streets with healthy houses which are flooded with light and
oxygen, to say nothing of an abundant water supply. This wealth does not
afford immoral pleasures alone. It has trebled the productive power of
Parisian workmen by substituting for their black bread of other days a
substantial reinvigorating diet. The consumption of meat, unmistakable
sign of general prosperity, increases every year. Charitable
institutions provide attendance for indigent persons at their own homes,
and vast hospitals, at which the first physicians of the day think it an
honour to serve, receive the sick in numbers and under conditions never
dreamed of in the good old time.
The general health of Paris cannot but profit by the intelligent and
beneficent care of the indigent sick, and, were not Paris a wealthy
city, the ameliorations introduced into her hospitals would have been
impossible. Without the riches produced by so much solicitude for
material interests, could the Prefecture of the Seine have assigned
30,000,000 francs for primary education in Paris?
There have never been fewer assassinations or fewer robberies in Paris
than at present. The crimes committed to-day, in the midst of a
population of some two millions, are only one-tenth as numerous as those
which darkened the period when France counted no more than 600,000
inhabitants. Whether the moral character of the public has
proportionately improved is another question. Police vigilance and
preventives of all kinds serve doubtless as a check. The brilliant gas
which has been substituted for flickering oil-lamps, the spacious
thoroughfares which have replaced obscure lanes and alleys, have
contributed enormously to the safety of the citizen. Each year in Paris
the police effect thirty or forty thousand arrests--a fact which proves,
not indeed that the metropolis has grown eminently moral, but at least
that it is well protected. And it is in proportion as the wealth of the
nation increases, that the protective organisation of the city can be
maintained in greater perfection. In this sense the luxurious wealth
which certain moralists so deeply lament, is an inestimable boon even to
the poorest section of the community.
[Illustration]
INDEX.
Abailard, and his students, I., 355;
his house and his love story, II., 156
Abailard and Héloise, Monument to, II., 156
Abbey of Longchamp and its founder, I., 219
Abbey of Saint-Magloire, I., 314
Abd-el-Kader and the scene with General Bugeaud, I., 75, 76
Academicians, The, and the oyster-woman, II., 7, 8
Académie Française:
Mercier’s opinion, I., 37, 38;
and composers of operas, 118;
origin, II., 55;
constitution, 55, 56;
M. Arsène Houssaye’s “The Forty-first Chair,” 56;
celebrated men who were not members, 56, 57;
funds and prizes, 58
Académie Royale de Musique, I., 87;
Assassination of the Duke of Berri at the, 90
Achard, Amédée, fights a duel with Paolo Fiorentino, I., 61
Actors, Denial of the rites of burial to, I., 58, 111-113;
imprisoned, 176
Actresses, sent to prison, I., 56, 58, 176;
an excommunicated class, 58;
Voltaire on the public opinion of, 58;
their costumes, 322-324
Adrien de Valois, Burial-place of, I., 299
Adulteration of foods, II., 314
Affre, Monseigneur, his assassination, II., 66, 247, 249
Agricultural produce, II., 167
Agricultural proprietors, II., 167
Alaux, M., and the Folies Dramatiques Theatre, I., 85
Algeria as a training-ground for generals, I., 75
Altar of Patriotism, I., 232, 233
Alva, Duke of, and the massacre of St. Bartholomew, I., 22
Amaury, and his followers, I., 251, 252
Ambigu-Comique Theatre, I., 86
Americans in Paris, II., 13-16
Ancelot, librarian of the Arsenal Library, I., 290
Andelot, and the attack on the Guises, I., 22
André des Arts, St., Church of, II., 107
Anecdotes, of duellists, I., 353, 354;
of students, 359;
of Bohemians, 367, 368;
of cookery and dining, 374-376;
of coachmen, II., 1-3;
of oyster-women, 7;
of domestic servants, 22;
of Parisian gaiety and wit, 24-27;
of peasants, 169;
of Talleyrand, 241, 242;
of beggars, 324, 326, 327
Anglais, Café, I., 122, 123
Angoulême, Count of, I., 23;
and the Hôtel Lamoignon, 68
Angoulême, Duchess of, and Mme. de Lavalette, I., 318
Anisson family, The, and the Royal Printing Office, I., 307, 308
Anjou, Duke of, and the massacre of St. Bartholomew, I., 23
Anne of Austria and the Val de Grâce, II., 90
_Anti-Jacobin_, The, I., 162
Antoine, St., Rue, I., 2, 46, 282-28
Apprenticeship, I., 301
Aquinas, St. Thomas, Church of, II., 238
Archbishops of Paris, Tragic fates of three successive, II., 66, 358
Architecture, Gothic style proscribed by Louis XIV., I., 5
Archives, Palace of, I., 304
Archivists, I., 305
Armour in the Artillery Museum, II., 86, 87
Army, The, its uniformity, I., 65;
Algeria as the training-ground for generals, 75
Arnould, Sophie, birthplace, I., 3;
her description of herself, 29;
receives offer of marriage from Bélanger, 127, 129;
poverty and death, 129;
her wit, 354
Arsenal, The, and its library, I., 290
Artillery, Central depôt of, II., 238
Artillery, Museum of:
origin, history and growth, II., 83-88;
reorganisation, 83, 84;
sacked in 1830 and replenished by Duke of Reggio’s collection, 84;
specimens of the Stone Age, 85;
Roman and Mediæval specimens, 86;
fire-arms, 87, 88
Artistic and Literary Club. I., 140
Artists in the Rue d’Enfer, II., 106
Arts and crafts corporations, I., 300, 301
Arts Bridge, II., 34
Artus (or Arthur), King of Britain, and his duel with the Tribune Flollo, I., 277
Assembly of the States-General (1789), II., 232
_Assistance Publique_, I., 305
Astleys, The:
open a circus in Paris, I., 73;
the personal attractions of the son, 73, 74;
their circus taken over by Franconi, 74
Astrology, I., 16;
patronised by Catherine de Médicis, 42
Asylum:
of Bicêtre, I., 63; II., 211-214, 221, 222;
Children’s, II., 101, 102;
Saint-Jacques aux Pélerins, I., 314;
Salpêtrière, II., 209-211, 218
Auber, M., and the Conservatory of Music, I., 335
Aubriot, founder of the Bastille, I., 47
Austerlitz Bridge, II., 33, 34
Austerlitz, Column of, I., 155-158
Ave Maria Market, I., 290
Avenue Marigny, I., 223, 224
Aveugles, Café des, I., 110
Bac, Rue du, I., 10
Balloons as war vehicles, II., 236
Balls at the opera, I., 139
Baltazarini and his _Ballet Comique de la Reine_, I., 28
Balzac, and his tailor, I., 106;
as a printer, II., 175
Bank of France, I., 322
Banquet d’Anacréon Restaurant, I., 85
Barnave and the Breton Club, I., 162
Barracks, Napoleon, I., 283
Barère, proposes the destruction of royal tombs, I., 101, 102;
and the preservation of the Louvre and the Tuileries for the king, 207;
and the Breton Club, 162
Barriers, The:
and the octroi, II., 318;
designations and number, 319;
Clichy and De l’Étoile, 319;
scenes of executions and assassinations, 320
Barry, Mme. du, I., 302
Bartholomew, St., Church of, I., 269
Bastille, The, its destruction and the original intention of its builders, I., 46;
as a State prison, 46;
dungeons and internal regulations, 46;
some notable prisoners, 47;
and _lettres de cachet_, 50;
its fall, 51, 52;
release of prisoners, 51, 52;
pulled down and meetings held on the site, 52;
and the Encyclopædia, 55;
liberation of prisoners on the accession of Louis XV., 55; II., 95;
imprisonment of Mlle. Clairon, I., 56;
prisoners liberated by the Duke of Orleans, 99;
built by Étienne Marcel, 286
Bastille, Place de la, I., 43, 52, 59
Bath-house of the Romans, I., 73, 74
Batignolles, Les, I., 344
Baudelaire, Charles, his residence, I., 291
Bavoux, Nicholas, prosecuted for his lectures, I., 358
Bazaine, Marshal, II., 358
Béarn, Prince of. (See Henry IV.)
Beaufort, Duc de, his duel with the Duc de Nemours, I., 350
Beauharnais, Louise de, saves her husband from death, I., 318-320
Beaujolais Theatre, I. 183
Beaumarchais, and his _Marriage of Figaro_, I., 44-46, 67;
builds the Théâtre du Marais, 67;
his _Mère Coupable_, 67;
imprisoned at St. Lazare, II., 142
Beaumarchais, Boulevard, I., 43, 46, 47, 67
Beaumarchais Theatre, I., 43, 67
Beaupré, Mlle., on dramatic literature, I., 174
Beauvais, Hôtel de, I., 283
Beauvoir, Roger de, I., 291
Bedford, Duke of, and the funeral of Charles VI., I., 98; II., 94
Beggars:
on the Pont-Neuf, I., 38, 39;
organised into troops, II., 324;
penalties in the Middle Ages, 324;
and the General Hospital, 325;
and Louis XV., 326;
at the Revolution, 326;
as professionals, 326;
anecdotes, 327;
employment in prison, 330;
Homes and Retreats, 331;
“bureaux,” 333
Béjard, Armande, wife of Molière, I., 173; II., 291
Béjard, Madeleine, I., 173; II., 291
Bélanger, the architect, I., 84;
builds the Hôtel de Brancas and proposes marriage to Sophie Arnould, 127, 129;
appeals to the Government on Sophie Arnould’s behalf, 129
Belleville, I., 335
Belleyme, M. de, Prefect of Police, I., 275; II., 18
Beltard, the architect, I., 315
Benedictines, Church and Monastery of, I., 306; II., 90
Béranger, Statue of, I., 303;
Benjamin Constant’s opinion of his songs, 303
Bercy, Bridge de, II., 33
Bergeret, Communist leader, II., 357
Bernhardt, Sarah, I., 182
Bernini, and his designs for the completion of the Louvre, I., 198
Berri, Duke of, Assassination of, I., 70, 71, 76, 86, 90;
his widow inaugurates the Ambigu-Comique Theatre, 86;
his double marriage, 90;
his children born in England committed to the care of the Duchess, 91;
burial-place, 100; II., 97, 98;
alarmed at fireworks, I., 144, 145
Berry, Duchess of, II., 111
Berryer, lieutenant of police, I., 273, 275; II., 17
Berryer, Statue of, in the Palais de Justice, I., 258;
defends Louis Napoleon, II., 124
Berthe, Queen, I., 42
Béthisy, Rue de, I., 3
Beyle, Henri, Monument to, I., 324
Bèze, Theodore de, II., 39
Bicêtre Asylum, I., 63;
origin of name and its history, II., 211, 212;
approach, population, departments, and canteen, 212;
great well, workshops, library, and inmates, 213;
disturbances, 213, 214;
“Monsieur l’Abbé” and his painting, 214;
epileptics, idiots, and criminal lunatics, 214;
story of Latude, 214;
story of the four sergeants of La Rochelle, 218-221;
insurrections, 221;
massacre at the Reign of Terror, 222;
reforms of Pinel, 222
Bièvre, River, II., 225
Birds, Convent of the, II., 196
Biron, Duc de, and the belief in magic, I., 17;
and the arrest of the Young Pretender, 63
Biron, Marshal de, in the Bastille, I., 47
Bismarck, Count, and General de Wimpffen, II., 360
Blanc, Louis, and the death of Armand Carrel, I., 62;
his account of the Boulogne expedition, II., 117, 118
Blanche, Queen, II., 157
Blaze, M. Castil, on the proximity of the Salle Montansier to the National Library, I., 86
Blind Children, Institution for, II., 198
Blind men, Orchestra of, I., 110
Bohemians:
described by Béranger and Balzac, I., 365;
described by Montépin, 366;
two generations, 366, 367;
Henri Mürger’s “Vie de Bohème,” 367;
anecdote told by Grenville Murray, 368;
at the Café Momus, 110
Boieldieu, his residence, I., 111
Boiling of coiners, I., 3
Bois de Boulogne, I., 221-223; II., 287
Boisgerard effects the escape of Sir Sidney Smith from the Temple, I., 72, 73
Bologne, Jean de, and the statue of Henry IV., I., 31
Bonaparte, Lucien, and the Place des Vosges, I., 310
Bondi, Rue de, and its theatres, I., 85, 86
Bonne Nouvelle Bazaar, I., 103
Bonne Nouvelle Boulevard, I., 103
Bonvalet’s restaurant, and his supply of food during the siege of Paris, I., 85
Bookstalls, II., 255
Books, Burning, I., 40, 252;
proscription of, 40, 126, 187-189
Booksellers and the king’s library, I., 190
Bookselling, I., 124, 125
Bordeaux, Duke of. (See Chambord, Count of)
Bornier, Vicomte de, librarian at the Arsenal, I., 290
Bosc, Pastor du, II., 42
Bossuet preaching at La Salpêtrière, II., 211
Bouchardon, Edmé, Fountain by, II., 238
Bouffar, Mlle. Zulma, I., 93
Bouillé, M. de, and the flight of Louis XVI., I., 211, 214
Bouillon, Chevalier de, and masked balls, I., 139
Bouillon, Duchess of, and Adrienne Lecouvreur, I., 3, 182, 183
Boulanger, General, and the Naval and Military Club, I., 140
Boule and the inlaid furniture of the Louvre, I., 198, 199
Boulevard:
Beaumarchais, I., 43, 46, 47, 67;
Bonne Nouvelle, 43, 103;
Bourdon, 282, 290;
Capucines, 43, 130, 132;
St. Denis, 43, 93;
des Filles du Calvaire, 43;
des Italiens, 11, 43, 115, 126, 127;
Madeleine, 43, 142;
St. Martin, 43, 93;
Montmartre, 43, 104;
du Palais, 264, 269;
Poissonnière, 43, 103;
du Prince Eugène, 302;
Sebastopol, 95, 292, 293;
Strasbourg, 95;
du Temple, 43, 70, 85.
_Et passim._
Boulevards, Formation of, I., 7;
description of, 43;
reflecting the history of Paris, 166;
their restaurants and theatres, 43;
upper and lower, 43
Boulogne expedition, II., 116-124
Boundaries of Paris, I., 103
Bourbon, Duchess of, and the Élysée Palace, I., 218
Bourbons, Burial-places of, I., 100; II., 97
Bourdon, Boulevard, I., 282, 290
Bourdon, Colonel, I., 290
Bourg, Du, Execution of, I., 287; II., 38
Bourgeois, Nicholas, I., 139
Bourgogne, Marguerite, Blanche, and Jeanne de, punishments inflicted upon them, II., 62
Boursault-Malesherbes and the Théâtre des Sans-Culottes, I., 298
Bourse, The:
architecture, I., 191;
origin of word, 191;
its first location and subsequent history, 192;
taken from the Communists, 359
_Bourse, Petite_, The, I., 192
Boute-Feu, Jean, and his fireworks, I., 146
Bouteville, Count de, his duels and his execution, I., 349
Bouvet, Father, his presentation of Chinese books to the Royal Library, I., 190
Brandus, M., Outrage at residence of, I., 115
Bread collectors, II., 260
Breton Club, afterwards Society of the Friends of the Constitution, I., 162
_Breret de dame_ and the attendance of unmarried ladies at the opera, I., 89, 90
Bridge:
Arts, II., 34;
Austerlitz, 33, 34;
de Bercy, 33;
Jena, 33;
Latournelle, 34;
Louis Philippe, 34;
Saint-Louis, 34;
Marie, 34;
“Napoleon III.,” 33;
National, Solferino, De la Cour. Alma, &c., 34;
Neuf, 34
Brie, La, Sorcerers of, I., 42
Brissot and his library, II., 108
Brosse, Guy de la, and the Jardin des Plantes, II., 147
Brosse, Jacques de, and the Luxemburg Palace, II., 111
Bruce, Heart of, II., 93
Brun, Lesueur le, I., 291
Bruno, St., and the funeral of Raimond Diocre, I., 13, 14
Buffon, preservation of his heart and brain, II., 92, 93;
his administration of the Jardin des Plantes, 148, 149
Bugeaud, General, and his interview with Abd-el-Kader, I., 75, 76
Bull-fighting, I., 335
Bureau of Judicial Assistance, I., 260
“Bureaux of Beneficence,” II., 333
Burgundy, Duke of, Assassination of, I., 2
Burial of Kings, I., 98-102, 314; II., 94, 99
Burning, Jews, I., 3;
sorcerers, 3, 42;
magicians, 15, 42;
books, 40, 252;
witches, 40;
Waldenses, 42;
Protestants, 286; II., 71, 72;
lunatics, 207
Butchers, II., 308, 316
Butte Saint-Roch, The, and Joan of Arc I., 2, 159
“Cabochiens,” their attack on the Conciergerie, II., 134
Cadoudal, George, Vendean chief, his career, I., 313, 314
Cadran Bleu Restaurant, I., 85
Café:
Anglais, I., 123;
des Aveugles, I., 110;
“Cannon of the Bastille,” I., 46;
Cardinal, I., 115;
Foy, I., 109, 110;
Frascati, I., 106;
Leinblin, I., 110, 167;
Littéraire, I., 107, 108;
des Milles Colonnes, I., 115;
Momus, I., 110, 111;
d’Orsay, II., 236;
de Paris, I., 127;
Porte Montmartre, I., 103;
Procope, I., 10, 108, 109;
de la Régence, I., 109;
Riche, I., 122;
Tortoni, I., 126;
Turc, I., 80;
Valois, I., 110
Café concerts, I., 80
Cafés of Paris, I., 83;
indicative of political and other changes in French history, 107;
literary, 108, 109;
after the Revolution, 110;
in the days of the Restoration, 122;
disappearance of old specimens, 122;
originally wine-shops, 122
Calvin in Paris, I., 286;
as a student, 337; II., 36
Canal of Saint-Martin, II., 34
Cannon, fired by the sun, I., 47;
specimens in the Artillery Museum, II., 87, 88
“Cannon of the Bastille” Café, I., 46
Capet Dynasty, Advent of, I., 7
Capuchins, The, and Rue d’Enfer, or Hell Street, I., 4
Capucines, Boulevard, I., 130, 132
Carafa, his residence, I., 111
Cardinal, Café, I., 115
Carmelites, Shoeless, II., 247
Carmes, The Couvent des, II., 71
Carnavalet, Hôtel, I., 310; II., 160
Carrel, Armand, killed in a duel with De Girardin, I., 62, 352
Carriages, II., 30, 31
Castiglione, Rue, I., 158
Castle of Chambord, II., 303-305
Catacombs:
formerly quarries, II., 99;
removal of remains from cemeteries, 99, 100;
admission of visitors, 100;
number of human relics deposited, 101
Catherine II. and Diderot, II., 246
Catherine de Médicis, her credulity, I., 16, 42;
and Cosmo Ruggieri, 16;
and the massacre of St. Bartholomew, 22; II., 39;
her collection of books, I., 189;
and the Louvre, 195;
and the Palace of the Tuileries, 206;
and the Huguenots, II., 39
Catherine de la Rochelle, I., 160
Cavaignac, General, II., 248, 249
Cavaignac, Godefroi, his monument, I., 342
Cazotte, Jacques, his trial and execution, I., 259
Cecilia, St., Festival of, I., 315
Cemeteries, I., 333-335, 342; II., 250
Censorship of books, I., 126; II., 180;
and Francis I., I., 187;
opinion of Mercier, 188, 189
Censorship of the drama, II., 181-184;
under Louis XI, 181;
under Louis XIII. and Louis XIV., 182;
and _Athalie_, _Esther_, and the _Marriage of Figaro_, 182;
under the Republic and the Restoration, 183;
its abolition, 183;
re-established, 183, 184
Central Depôt of Artillery, II., 238
Central markets, I., 314-318; II., 166, 167
Central Paris, I., 281-326
“Cercle des Deux Mondes,” I., 126
Chamber of Deputies, II., 231, 232
Chamber of Peers, II., 112, 130
Chambord, Count of, Funeral of, I., 100;
discussion on his legitimacy, 222, 223;
and the Count of Paris, II., 305
Chamousset and l’Institution Sainte-Périne, II., 331
Champ de Mars:
its original use, I., 229;
historical events, 230, 231;
national celebration, 231, 232;
Altar of Patriotism, 232, 233;
massacre by troops and execution of Bailly, 234;
Festival of the Supreme Being, 234, 235;
military and other celebrations, 235;
as a racecourse, 235;
the annex of the exhibition of 1867, 235
Champfleury, I., 110
Champs Élysées, I., 11;
and the triumphal arch, 59, 218, 224, 225;
as a pleasure resort, 224;
amusements, 226, 229;
exhibitions, 229
Chapelle, Ste., The Church of:
its founder and its historical associations, I., 264;
upper and lower chapels, 265;
statue of Virgin and the painted windows, 266;
Saint Louis and Blanche de Castille, 267
Chapelain, author of “La Pucelle,” burial-place, I., 294
Charbonniers, II., 218
Charenton Asylum, I., 63:
date of foundation and history, II., 223, 224;
as a house of detention, and the administrations of M. de Coulmier and Roulhac du Maupas, 223;
rebuilt, 223;
surroundings, 223, 224;
internal system, number of inmates, and the patronage of Empress Eugénie, 224;
amusements, 225
Charlemagne, Statue of, I., 278
Charles V., speech against Charles the Mischievous, King of Navarre, I., 2;
and the Louvre, 194
Charles VI., Funeral of, I., 98; II., 94;
and the Louvre, I., 194;
and the municipality of Paris, 243;
and the Palais de Justice, 250;
his madness, II., 157
Charles VII. and Joan of Arc’s support, I., 2;
and Agnes Sorel, 64
Charles IX. firing upon the Huguenots, I., 2, 26, 196; II., 40;
his share in the massacre of St. Bartholomew, I., 22; II., 40;
misled by the queen, I., 23;
his avowal in Parliament after the massacre of Protestants, 27; II., 40
Charles X.:
suppression of newspapers, I., 2;
burial, 102;
preservation of his heart, II., 91
Charolais, Comte de, alarmed at fireworks, I., 145
Chartres, Duke of. (_See_ Égalité, Philippe)
Chasseurs, The, I., 59, 64, 75
Château:
de Madrid, I., 222;
de la Muette, 223;
Rouge, II., 72, 73
Château d’Eau, Theatre, I., 85;
Place du, 84
Châtelet Theatre, Du, I., 291, 292
Châtelet-Laumont, Marquis du, and the Hôtel Lambert, I., 291
Chateaubriand on the Duke of Berri’s English family, I., 91;
on the Jacobins, 163
Chaumette, M., and Notre Dame, I., 14;
and the Opéra under the Republic, 88;
his execution, 150
Chaussée d’Antin, The, at the end of the eighteenth century, I., 2
Chenier, André, imprisoned at St. Lazare, II., 142
Chermoye, Philippe, Assassination of, II., 89
Chérubini and the Conservatory of Music, I., 335
Chess-players at the Café de la Régence, I., 109
Cheval Blanc, Hôtel du, II., 108
Chevalier represents the Man of Destiny at Porte Saint-Martin Theatre, I., 92
Chevalier, Michel, I., 119;
his imprisonment, 120
Chevreuil, M., and the flowers in the Jardin des Plantes, II., 151;
and the Gobelins, 228
Children, Hospital for, II., 196;
institution for blind, 198;
imported to Paris from Italy, 328
Children’s Asylum, II., 101, 102
Chinese books in the Royal Library, I., 190
Choiseul, Hôtel, I., 126
Christmas, Saturnalia in churches at, I., 226-228
Christmas cards, I., 113
Church of, St. Bartholomew, I., 269;
the Benedictines, I., 306; II., 90;
St. Denis, I., 7; II., 94;
St. Éloi, I., 284;
St. Étienne-du-Mont, II., 66;
St. Eustace, I., 5, 314, 315;
Ste. Geneviève, I., 10; II., 59, 62;
St. Germain l’Auxerrois, I., 2, 22, 26, 27; II., 29;
St. Germain-des-Prés, I., 7; II., 170, 171;
St. Leu-Saint-Gilles, I., 312-314;
St. Louis, I., 291;
St. Louis and St. Paul, I., 284;
Madeleine, I., 11, 142, 143;
St. Méry, I., 93, 293, 294;
St. Nicholas-in-the-Fields, I., 299;
Notre-Dame, I., 3, 4-19;
Notre-Dame-de-Lorette, I., 340;
St. Roch, I., 158, 159;
Sacred Heart, I., 340;
St. Sulpice, II., 171-173;
Val de Grâce, II., 90, 91
Churches and chapels, English, II., 11, 43
Cigar-ends, Collectors of, II., 259, 260
Circus, opened by the Astleys, I., 73;
of the Faubourg du Temple, 74;
in the Boulevard des Filles de Calvaire, 76;
of the Prince Imperial, 85
Circus-women, II., 19, 20
Cirque d’Hiver opened under the title of Cirque Napoleon, I., 73
Civic tribunal. The, I., 261
Clairon, Mlle., imprisoned in the Bastille, I., 56;
her residence in the Marais, 67; II., 175;
passion of M. de S---- for her, I., 129, 130
Claque, The:
origination, II, 261;
at the Restoration, and its organisation, 262;
its utility, 264
Clausel, Marshal, I., 94
Clergy, their right to fight duels, I., 346;
their corruption in the thirteenth century, II., 61
Clichy, Prison of, I., 342, 343
Clock in the Arsenal Library, I., 290
Club:
Agricultural, II., 237;
des Armées, I., 140;
Artistique et Littéraire, I., 140;
Breton, I., 162;
des Deux Mondes, I., 126;
des Éclaireurs, I., 140;
Dramatic Critics’, I., 103;
Le Grand, I., 111, 126, 139;
Impérial, I., 140;
Jacobin, I., 162;
Jockey, I., 111, 139;
Mirlitons, I., 140;
de la Presse, I., 139;
Railway, I., 139;
de la Rue Royale, I., 140;
Sporting, I., 140;
de Terre et de Mer, I., 140;
Union, I., 140;
Washington, I., 140;
Workmen’s, II., 71;
Yacht, I., 139
Clubs, Management and facilities of, I., 141, 142
Cluny, Hôtel, origin and history, II., 74-82;
collection of curiosities and objects of art, 76-82
Cobblers, II., 266
Cocher, The, various types of, II., 1, 2
Cockneys, Parisian, II., 27
Coffee, its introduction into Europe, I., 82;
the rage in Parisian society, 83
Coiners, Boiling of, I., 3
Colbert appointed to complete the Louvre, I., 198;
his tomb in the church of Saint-Eustache, I., 315
Coligny, Admiral, place of death, I., 3;
plot for his assassination, 22;
flattered by the king and queen, and wounded by Maurevel, 23;
his murder, 24;
daughter married to the Prince of Orange, 27
Coligny and Guise, Quarrels between the houses of, I., 349
College of France, II., 44, 45, 47;
Du Plessis, 47;
of Clermont, 47;
of Dace, 71;
of Soissons, 71;
of the Lombards, 71
Colonne, M., I., 76
Column of Austerlitz, I., 155;
removal of the statue of Napoleon, 156;
erection of a new statue of Napoleon in 1833 and of another by Napoleon III., 156, 157;
pulled down by the Commune, 157;
re-established in 1875, 157, 158
Comédie Française, I., 103, 108, 109;
and the Richelieu Theatre, 167;
its history, 172-186; II., 110
Comédie Italienne, I., 175
Commercial Exchange, I., 318
Communards set fire to the Palais Royal, I., 168;
of 1871, II., 355-361
Commune, The, and the fortifications of Paris, I., 8
Concerts started by Pasdeloup, I., 76
Conciergerie, The: I., 263; II., 131;
its associations, 134;
custodians, 134;
attack of the “Cabochiens,” 134;
dungeons, 134, 135;
partly burned, 135;
massacre of September, 135;
inmates at the Revolution and tortures in the Bombec Tower, 136
Concorde, Place de la, extent and boundaries, I., 143;
history, 143-154;
Louis XV. and his statue, 143, 146;
accident
from fireworks in 1770, 146;
formerly the Place de la Révolution, 146;
and the execution of Louis XVI., 146-150;
executions of Marie Antoinette, Philippe Égalité, Charlotte Corday, Madame Élizabeth, the Girondists, and others, 150;
also formerly called Place Louis XVI., 152;
fountains, obelisk, &c., 154;
occupied by Russian and Prussian troops, 154
Condé, Prince de, Death of, I., 22;
his abjuration, 290;
fidelity to Protestantism, II., 39
Confessional, The, and the State, I., 33
_Congé de la Bataille_, I., 346, 347
Conservatoire de Musique, I., 90, 135, 335
Conservatoire des Arts et Métiers, I., 293, 300-302
Constant, Benjamin, Duel fought by, I., 351;
and the songs of Béranger, 303
Constitution, Signing of the, by Louis XVI., I., 87
Contat, Mlle., and Prince Henry of Prussia, I., 35, 36;
in the _Marriage of Figaro_, 45;
her love-affair with De Lubsac and the loss of her jewels, 104, 105
Continental, Hôtel, I., 158
Convent of the White Cloaks, I., 306;
of the Holy Sepulchre, 314;
of Penitent Girls, 318;
Des Carmes, II., 71;
of the Good Shepherd, 102;
of the Cordeliers, 106;
of Les Filles de la Mère-Dieu, 139;
in the street of Les Petits Augustins, 175;
of the Birds, 196
Convention, Learning under the, I., 90;
its procedure, II., 234
Convulsionnaires, The, I., 47
Cooks and cooking, I., 123;
in comedy, 372;
opinion of Brillat-Savarin, 372;
in the 17th century, 374;
schools, 374;
and a certain archbishop, 374;
in the reign of Louis XV., 374, 375;
and Mme. de Maintenon and Scarron, 375, 376;
the “epigram” dish and anecdote of Carême, 376;
and the “cordon bleu,” II., 22
Coqueley, M., and the _Marriage of Figaro_, I., 44
Corday, Charlotte, Execution of, I., 150
Cordeliers, I., 162;
Convent of the, II., 106
Corn supply, II., 313, 314
Corneille, Tomb of, I., 158;
estrangement with Molière, 174;
and the Comédie Française, 172-175
Corneille, Hôtel, II., 109
Council of Elders, II., 231
Council of the Five Hundred, II., 231
Cour des Miracles, I., 3
Courtyard of the Dragon, II., 247
Crébillon, II., 72
Crematorium in the Cemetery of Père-Lachaise, I., 335
Crémeries, I., 318
Criminal population, II., 320-323
Criminals, tortured, I., 4
Croissant, Jean Douet de Romp, his scheme for the abolition of mendicancy, II., 325
Cultelli, Procopio, founder of the Café Procope, I., 108
Cuvier and the Jardin des Plantes, II., 150
Czartoryski, Prince, and the Hôtel Lambert, I., 291
Dagobert, King, Tomb of, I., 102; II., 98
_Daily News_, Office of, I., 140
_Daily Telegraph_, Office of, I., 140
D’Aligre and Latude, II., 215, 216
D’Amboise, Jacques, and the Hôtel Cluny, II., 74
_Dame aux Camélias, La_, I., 131
Dames Augustines, The, I., 279
“Dames de la Halle,” II., 315
Damien, Father, I., 80
Damiens, Penance, torture and execution of, I., 17, 18, 39, 79
D’Ancre, Marshal, mutilation of his body before the statue of Henry IV., I., 31
D’Anglas, Boissy, and the Breton Club, I., 162
D’Anjou, Quai, I., 291
D’Antichamp, Marquis, and the Revolution of 1830, I., 170
Danton and the Opéra under the Republic, I., 88;
his execution, 150;
place of residence, II., 108
D’Antraigues, Count and Countess, their assassination, I., 325, 326
Darboy, Monseigneur, Archbishop of Paris, put to death by the Commune, II., 66, 358
D’Argenson, M., and the Arsenal Library, I., 290
D’Arlincourt, Viscount, his romances, II., 238, 239
D’Armagnac, Jacques, I., 47
D’Artois, Count, Tennis-ground of, I., 84
Daubenton, Monument to, II., 150
Daudet, M. Alphonse, and the Académie Française, I., 38
David, his picture of the coronation of Napoleon, I., 21;
and the Temple of Terpsichore, 128, 129;
and the Louvre Picture Gallery, 203
David, Félicien, composer, I., 119
Davison, Mr. J. W., I., 115
Day-bankers, II., 260
Dazincourt in the _Marriage of Figaro_, I., 45
Deaf and Dumb Institutions, II., 89, 90, 199-201
Deaf-mutes, number in France, II., 200;
ancient disregard for them and the work of Abbé de l’Épee, 202
Debtors, Imprisonment of, I., 342, 343; II., 139
Déjazet, Mlle., I., 84
Déjazet Theatre, I., 84
Delacroix, Eugène, his picture in the church of St. Louis and St. Paul, I., 284
Delaroche, Paul, Burial-place of, I., 342
Delavau, Prefect of Police, and the spy system, I., 274, 275; II., 18
Delille, Abbé, his lines on the Palais Royal, I., 167
D’Enfer, Rue, I., 4; II., 90;
and the
entrance to the Catacombs, 101;
and the residences of artists, 106
D’Enghien, Duc, Arrest and execution of, I., 59, 60
Denis, St., Boulevard, I., 93
Denis, St., Church of, I., 7; II., 94
Denis, St., Martyrdom of, I., 7
Denis, St., Necropolis of, I., 98-102
Denis, St., Porte, I., 98
Denis, St., Rue, I., 311, 312
D’Ennery, M. Adolphe, I., 93
D’Epernon, M., I., 34
D’Épinay, Mme., and Rousseau, II., 285
Désaugiers, his lines on the Palais Royal, I., 167
Desault, Dr., attends the “Dauphin” in the Temple, I., 71
Desmoulins, Camille, plucking leaves in the Palais Royal gardens, I., 2, 48;
his call to arms, 47;
and the attack on the Bastille, 51, 109;
his execution, 150;
as a student, 357;
his pamphlet, “La Lanterne,” II., 30
D’Étaples, Lefèvre, his Reformation doctrines, I., 286; II., 36
Deux Mondes, Club des, I., 126
Diana of France and the Hôtel Lamoignon, I., 68, 309
Diderot, burial-place, I., 159; II., 246;
early life in Paris, 242;
love affairs, 243;
imprisonment in the Château de Vincennes, 244;
and Rousseau, 244;
and the “Encyclopædia,” 245;
and Catherine II., 246
Diocre, Raimond, Funeral in Notre-Dame of, I., 13
Diplomatists as agents for operatic celebrities, I., 74
Dog-fighting, I., 335
Doge of Genoa, visit to Paris, I., 3
Domes of Paris, The, I., 5
Domestic servants, II., 20-23
Dominicans, Convent of, II., 238
Donizetti’s operas, I., 135
Dorval, Mme., at Porte Saint-Martin Theatre, I., 92, 182
Dramas, place where first acted, I., 2;
performed in Notre-Dame, 19;
under the Reign of Terror, 88
Dramatic censorship, II., 181-184
Dramatic Critics’ Club, I., 103
Drawing, School of, II., 106
Dress in Paris, I., 10
Druot, Hôtel, II., 256
Dubois, Cardinal, Anecdote of, I., 114; II., 22
Ducamp, M. Maxime, his statistics of prisons, II., 144
Duels:
at Vincennes, I., 59, 61-63;
in the Place Royale, 69, 349;
ancient compared with modern, 345;
ancient regulations, 346;
judicial, 346;
in the sixteenth century, 347, 348;
between ladies, 349;
causes, 349;
notable cases, 350, 351;
anecdotes, 353, 354;
of journalists, II., 272, 273
Dugazon in the _Marriage of Figaro_, I., 45
Dumas, the elder, Alexandre, fights a duel with Gaillardet, I., 63;
his answers to a judge, 63;
performance of his _Antony_, 181, 182
Dumouriez and the conspiracy against the life of the First Consul, I., 60
Dupin, M., farmer-general, and the Hôtel Lambert, I., 291
Duplessis, Marie, and the _Dame aux Camélias_, I., 130;
her death, 131
Dupuis, the actor, I., 84
Dupuytren, Dr., and the assassination of the Duke of Berri, I., 90, 91; II., 250
Duval, Alexander, I., 177
Duveyrier, dramatist, I., 119;
his imprisonment, 120
École Militaire, I., 230
Edgeworth, Abbé, his account of the last moments and execution of Louis XVI., I., 146-150;
his account of his flight from Paris, &c., II., 298-300;
letter from Louis XVIII., 301, 302;
fidelity to the royal family and his death, 302
Edict of Nantes, its concessions, II., 41;
its revocation, I., 3; II., 42
Education, II., 44-53
Égalité, Philippe, his execution, I., 150;
voting for the death of Louis XVI., 151; II., 234;
and the Palais Royal, I., 166;
and the Breton Club, I., 162
Eiffel Tower, The, I., 238, 239
Electric cafés, I., 108
Eloi, St., Church of, I., 284
Élysée Palace, I., 218, 219
Emigration, The, II., 295-303
Empereur Joseph, Hôtel, II., 109
“Encyclopædia,” The, consigned to the Bastille by Louis XV., I., 55, 125;
and Diderot, II., 245
Enfantin, Le Père, head of the Saint-Simonians, I., 119;
his prosecution and imprisonment, 120;
his memoirs, 290
English in Paris, The:
a picture in _Punch_, II., 9;
contrasted with the French in London, 10;
traits drawn by M. Lemoinne, 10, 11;
manners of ladies, 11;
interest in religious matters, 11;
dress of women, 12
English dining-places and hotels in Paris, I., 123
Epileptics, Treatment of, II., 214
Escapes of prisoners, II., 141, 142
Étienne, Robert, his editions of the Scriptures, II., 178, 179
Étienne-du-Mont, St., Church of, II., 66
Eugène III., Pope, and the dispute at the church of Saint-Geneviève, II., 59
Eugène, du Prince, Boulevard, I., 302
Eustace, St., Church of, I., 5, 314, 315
Executioner of Lyons, The, and the slaughter of Huguenots, I., 27
Executioner, Public: salary and dress, I., 39, 331;
at the theatre, 88;
in early times, 330;
perquisites, 330, 331;
“Monsieur de Paris,” 331;
beheading dummies, 331;
sometimes physicians, 332;
incident of Victor of Nîmes, 332
Executions outside La Roquette prison, II., 134
Exhibitions, Universal, I., 224, 236-239
Eyck, Van, Picture at the Palais de Justice by, I., 256
Fabroni, the magician, I., 17
Fagon, Dr., and his administration of the Jardin des Plantes, II., 147
Fairs, II., 308
Famines in Paris, I., 3; II., 311, 313
Fargeau, Lepelletier St., his assassination, II., 234
Farmers-General, The, I., 7
Favart, Charles Simon, and his performances before the army, I., 118
Favart, Mme., and the Salle Favart, I., 117;
and Marshal Saxe, 118
Feast of Reason, I., 15
Fencing schools, II., 257-259
Férier, Jean, a leader in the massacre of the Huguenots, I., 27
Ferrières, Château of Baron do Rothschild at, I., 339
Fersen, Count de, and the flight of Louis XVI., I., 211
Feuillants, I., 162
Fieschi, his attempt on the life of Louis Philippe, I., 76-78; II., 112-114;
guillotined, I., 79;
his mistress exhibited at a café, 83
Filles de la Mère-Dieu, Les, Convent of, II., 139
Fine Arts, School of, II., 175, 176
Fiorentino, Paolo, his duel with Achard, I., 61
Fire Brigade, its organisation, I., 270
Fire-arms in the Artillery Museum, II., 87, 88
Fireworks, Duke of Berri alarmed by, I., 144, 145;
accident at a display of, 146
Flamel, Nicholas, librarian to the University of Paris, I., 283;
his house, II., 158
Flesselles, De, Provost of Paris, I., 48, 243
Flollo and his duel with King Arthur, I., 277
Flower-girls, II., 7
Flower-market, in the Place de la République, I., 84;
in the Place de la Madeleine, 142;
in the Place Saint-Sulpice, 173
Folies Dramatiques Theatre, I., 85
Folies Saint-Germain Theatre, II., 89
Fontaine, La, and his mock duel, I., 354
Food, Supply of, II., 310-315
Footman, A speculative, I., 295
Force, Caumont de la, attempts to bribe assassins on St. Bartholomew’s Day, I., 26;
and the grocer’s shop, 295
Force, La, prison, and recalcitrant actresses, I., 56, 58; II., 210
Fort l’Évêque, I., 56
Fortifications of Paris, planned by M. Thiers, I., 7, 8;
their arming in 1870, II., 348
Fortress of John the Fearless, I., 318
Fortunatus, Venantius, and the glass windows of Notre-Dame, I., 14
Fouché and his spy system, I., 274; II., 18
Fould, M. Achille, I., 192
Foundlings, Home for, II., 102
Fountain, in the Place de la République, I., 84;
of the Innocents, 312
Fouquet, Superintendent of Finances, imprisoned in the Bastille, I., 47
Foy, Café, I., 109, 110
Fragonard, artist, decorates the Temple of Terpsichore, I., 128
Français, Théâtre, I., 11, 44-46, 111
Francis I., Cost of obsequies of, I., 98;
his dislike of printed books, 187;
his collection of MSS., 189;
and the Louvre, 195;
and the Château de Madrid, 222;
lays first stone of the Hôtel de Ville, 242;
and the burning of Protestants, 287;
secret rendezvous, II., 158
Francis II., and the Louvre, I., 195;
and the persecution of Protestants, II., 38
Franconi takes over Astley’s Circus in Paris, I., 74
Francs-tireurs, I., 66; II., 351, 352
Frascati’s gambling-house, I., 104-106
Frederick the Great, and the importance of Paris as a capital, I., 1;
and his knowledge of the French language, 36
French in London, The, II., 10
Fréron on the luxurious life of dramatic authors, I., 175
Frescoes in the church of Saint-Eustache, I., 315
Frogs, Eating, II., 167, 168
Fulton, Robert, and his panoramas, I., 103
Funerals, Royal, I., 98-102, 314; II., 94-99
Furniture in the Cluny Museum, II., 82
Gabriel, architect for the completion of the Louvre, I., 199
Gaillardet, M., fights a duel with Alexandre Dumas the elder, I., 63
Gaieté Theatre, I., 302, 303
Gaiety, National, II., 24;
anecdotes of, 24-27
Gambetta, his monument, I., 217
Gambling, at the gambling-house of Frascati, I., 104-106;
at the Palais Royal, 167
Garamond, Claude, II., 178
Gardens, of Frascati’s gambling-house, I., 106;
of the Luxemburg, II., 130
Garnier, Charles, architect of the New Opéra, I., 138
Gassendi, his burial-place, I., 299
Gautier, Théophile, his residence, I., 291
Gavaudin, Mlle., opera-singer, sent to prison, I., 58
General Post Office, and Lavalette, I., 318-321;
adoption and circulation of postcards, 322;
organisation, 321, 322
Geneviève, Ste., Church of, I., 10; II., 59, 62;
Hill of, I., 3, 10;
jest of the Abbé of, I., 99
Genius and madness, II., 211
Georges, Mlle., at Porte Saint-Martin Theatre, I., 92
Geoffroy Lasnier, Rue, I., 290
Gérard, the assassin of the Prince of Orange, I., 79
Germain, St., Market of, II., 171
Germain l’Auxerrois, St., Church of;
and the massacre of St. Bartholomew, I., 2, 22, 26;
and the marriage of the Duc de Joyeuse and Marguerite of Lorraine, 27;
and the excommunication of the Emperor Frederick, II., 29
Germain-des-Prés, St., Church of, I., 7;
antiquity and origin, II., 170;
history, 170, 171;
monastery attached to it, 171
Gibbet, The, II., 315
Girardin, De, kills Armand Carrel in a duel, I., 62;
visits Carrel’s grave, 63, 352
Girls corrupted at St. Lazare, II., 144
Girondists, Hall of the, I., 263
Gluck, his arrival in Paris, I., 135
Gobelins, The:
origin, II., 225;
articles produced, and the directors, 226;
tapestry, 226-228;
and M. Chevreuil, 228;
masterpieces, 228
Good Shepherd, Convent of the, II., 102
Gordon, Mme., and Louis Napoleon’s Strasburg expedition, I., 95
Güritz, Bourbons buried at, I., 100; II., 97
Goujon, Jean, sculptor of the Louvre, I., 195, 310, 312
Gounod’s operas, I., 138
Government offices, II., 237
Grand Cercle, The, I., 111
Grand Châtelet, The, I., 291, 292
Grand Prix, I., 226
Grandjean, surgeon to Louis XVI., I., 72
Granier, Mlle. Jeanne, I., 93
Graveron, Mme. de, her execution, I., 287
Greasy pole, Climbing the, I., 226
Grenier-sur-l’eau, Rue, I., 291
Gribeauval, General de, creator of modern artillery, II., 83
Grimm on the first performances of the _Marriage of Figaro_, I., 44;
and Diderot, II., 245, 246
Gros-Chenet, Rue du, place of burning for sorcerers, I., 3
“Guardian Angels,” II., 260
Guénégaud Theatre, I., 174
Guilds, I., 300, 301
Guillotine:
its introduction, I., 4, 327;
in the Place de la Revolution, 146;
its victims during the Reign of Terror, 150;
its inventor, 327;
subject of a song, 328;
and Dr. Louis, 328, 329;
its first victims, 329;
various sites, 329;
as a toy, 329;
improvements, 330;
the executioner, 330-332;
burial-place of victims, 333;
shed where first experiments were made, II., 108
Guimard, Madeleine, mass at Notre-Dame for her broken arm, I., 19;
and the fire at Porte Saint-Martin Opera House, 86;
her Temple of Terpsichore, 127
Guise, Duke of, and the massacre of St. Bartholomew, I., 22, 26;
and the murder of Coligny, 24
Guise and Coligny, Quarrels between the houses of, I., 349
Guttenberg, Statue of, I., 307
Gymnase Theatre:
opened under the patronage of the Duchess of Berri, I., 103;
notable productions, 103
Hackney coaches, I., 262; II., 1, 2, 30, 31
Halles, The, site of, I., 2
Handel and the overtures of De Maurepas for performances in Paris, I., 74
Hanging for felony, I., 327
Haussmann, Baron, restores the Musée Carnavalet, I., 67, 310
Hawkers of books, I., 125
Haye, M. de la, and the Hôtel Lambert, I., 291
Heart of St. Louis, The, I., 102
Hearts of Kings, Preservation of, I., 102; II., 91
Heaume, Hôtel du, I., 315
Hébert, M., and the Opéra under the Republic, I., 88
“Hedge Schools,” I., 287
Heine, Heinrich, I., 1;
his letters on Paris and other works, II., 292;
his satire, 293;
on Victor Hugo and Rothschild, 294
Henri, the historian, burial-place, I., 299
Henriot, M., and the Opéra under the Republic, I., 88
Henry II. mortally wounded in the Rue Saint-Antoine, I., 2, 68;
and his library, 190;
and the Louvre, 195;
his Protestant victims, 286; II., 38;
and duelling, I., 347
Henry III., name erased from the prayers of the Church, I., 16;
and the marriage of Duc de Joyeuse and Margaret of Lorraine, 27, 28;
lays first stone of Pont-Neuf, 30;
his murder by Jacques Clèment, 76
Henry IV., statue on the Pont-Neuf, I., 3, 31;
chief of the Protestant party when Prince of Béarn, 22;
and the Pont-Neuf, 31;
character and assassination of, 31, 34;
his monument destroyed and afterwards re-erected, 35;
his burial-place, 100;
and duelling, 349
Henry VI. of England crowned King of France in Notre-Dame, I., 15
Henry of Prussia, Prince, and Mlle. Contat, I., 36
Heralds, their proclamations in ancient times, I., 3
Hermits of Saint-William, I., 306
_Hernani_, its first production, I., 179-181
Hérouard, Dr., and the Jardin des Plantes, II., 147
Hilaire, Geoffroy St., and the Jardin des Plantes, II., 150
Holy Sepulchre, Convent of the, I., 314
Homes and Retreats for the indigent, II., 331
Horn, Count, I., 298
Horse-market in the park of the Hôtel des Tournelles, I., 69
Hospice de la Reconnaissance, II., 331
Hospital:
(Hôtel) Dieu, I., 278-280;
for incurables, II., 195;
for sick children, 196;
de la Charité, 204-206;
La Pitié, 206
Hospitals, their administration, I., 276;
system, II., 193-195;
funds, 204
Hôtel:
de Beauvais, I., 283;
Carnavalet, I., 310; II., 160;
du Cheval Blanc, II., 108;
Choiseul, I., 126;
Cluny, II., 73;
Continental, I., 158;
Corneille, II., 109;
Drouet, 256;
l’Empereur Joseph, II., 109;
du Heaume, I., 315;
Lambert, I., 291;
Lamoignon, I., 68, 309;
St. Lomenie de Brienne et Loutrec, II., 177, 237, 238;
St. Paul, II., 158;
de Ranes, II., 174;
du Rhin, I., 158;
de Rohan, I., 304;
de Salm, II., 236, 237;
de Sens, I., 35; II., 158;
de Soissons, I., 318;
de Soubise, I., 304;
de Torpane, II., 160
Hôtel-Dieu:
its founder, I., 278;
its rebuilding, cost, accommodation, &c., 278;
and the Dames Augustines, 279;
as described by Mercier, 279, 280
Hôtel des Invalides:
arms seized by insurgents, I., 50;
opinion of Montesquieu, II., 185;
history, 185, 186;
edict of Henry IV., 186;
the edict of 1870, 186;
and Louis XIV. and Mme. de Maintenon, 187;
visit of Peter the Great, 188;
jokes of the inmates, 188, 189;
Napoleon and the anniversary of the taking of the Bastille, 190;
characteristics of the pensioners, 190, 191;
triumphal battery and tomb of Napoleon, 192
Hôtel de Ville:
its history, I., 242-249;
destroyed by the Commune, 242; II., 359;
attack of 1830, I., 244;
balls and entertainments, 247;
reconstructed, 247;
and the administration of municipal affairs, 248, 249;
and the administration of hospitals, 276
Houssaye, Arsène, and the Académie Française, I., 38
Huberti, Mme. St., I., 135, 322-324;
her assassination, 325, 326
Hugo, Victor, and the tower of Saint-Jacques-de-la-Boucherie, I., 5;
and Marion de Lorme, 69;
first production of his _Hernani_, 179-181;
his dramatic works, 181;
recites his first poems at the Arsenal Library, 290;
and the Tower of Vertbois, 302;
his remains deposited in the Panthéon, II., 64;
childhood, 90;
and Lemaître at the Bonne Nouvelle Bazaar, I., 103
Huguenots:
fired upon by Charles IX., I., 2; II., 40;
number massacred throughout France, I., 27;
continued persecution, II., 41, 42.
(See also Protestants)
Hulio takes charge of De Launay, Governor of the Bastille, I., 51
“Hymen, Temple of,” I., 299
Hypnotism and the cure of madness, II., 211
Idiots, Treatment of, II., 214
Immorality, Laws against, II., 143
Imperial Club, I., 140
Imperial Theatre of the Châtelet, I., 76
Industrial Exhibitions, I., 236
Industrial system, I., 236
Infanta of Spain and her _fiancé_, I., 197
Inquisition, The, and the Waldenses, I., 42
Institute of Paris, I., 10;
its academies, 37, 38; II., 288;
opinion of Renan, 53, 54;
unique character and objects of its projectors, 53, 54;
constitution, 54, 55;
library, 55, 290;
reconstitution by the National Convention, 290
Institution Ste. Périne, II., 331
Insurrection against Julius Cæsar, I., 6;
of June, 1832, against Louis Philippe, 93, 94; II., 247-249
“Internationale,” The, II., 355
Isabelle, Princess, and the Abbey of Longchamp, I., 219
Island of Saint-Louis, I., 291
Italian actors invited to Paris by Henri III., and afterwards expelled, I., 115-117
Italian children, Trade in, II., 328-330
Italian prisoner declines to leave the Bastille, I., 99
Italiens, Boulevard des, I., 11, 43, 115-127
Italiens, Théâtre des, I., 117
Ivan the Terrible, and torturing criminals, I., 18
Ivories in the Hôtel Cluny, II., 77
Jacobin Club, I., 162-165
Jacobins:
monastery, I., 161;
their principles, 162;
Chateaubriand’s opinion of them, 163;
and M. l’Abbé Maury, 163, 164;
Michelet’s opinion, 162
Jacques-la-Boucherie, St., Tower of, I., 283
Jacques aux Pelerins, St., Asylum of, I., 314
Janin, Jules, I., 10;
at the Café Riche, 122;
his satirical novel, 335
Jansenists in the Bastille, I., 46
Jardin des Plantes:
popularity, originators, first design, and the administration of Fagon, II., 147;
under Buffon, 148, 149;
at the Revolution, 149;
extensions, 149, 150;
enthusiasm of travellers and professors, 150;
general arrangement, 150-154;
menagerie, 152;
wax-work collection, 153;
busts and masks of famous men, 154
Jarnac, his duel with Chateigneraie, I., 347
Jarnac, Battle of, I., 22
Jena Bridge, II., 33
Jensae, De, his duel with two adversaries, I., 347, 348
Jerome, Prince, and the Palais Royal, I., 168
Jesuits and prisoners in the Bastille, I., 99;
and the Church of St. Louis and St. Paul, 284;
and the University, II., 46
Jews, roasted at la Maubuée, I., 3;
during the Crusades, II., 62
Joan of Arc, unpopularity with Parisians, I., 2, 159;
at the siege of Paris, and her execution, 159;
denounced by a monk, 159, 160;
personated, 160;
and the Sorbonne, II., 50
Jockey Club, I., 111, 139
John the Fearless, and the assassination of the Duke of Orleans, II., 158
Jonathan, the Jew, Legend of, I., 304
Joseph, Father, and the spy system, I., 272
Josephine, Empress, her coronation at Notre-Dame, I., 21
Jouffroi Passage, I., 111
_Journal of Henry III._, and the talisman of Catherine de Médicis, I., 16
Journalists, Leading, II., 270-273
Joyeuse, Duc de, Marriage of, I., 27
Jugglers, II., 327
Julian, Emperor, and his enthusiasm for Lutetia, I., 7
Julien, Saint, Assassination of, I., 35
Julius Cæsar, Insurrection against, I., 6
Jullien at the Café Turc, I., 80
Just, Saint, his execution, I., 151
Kaufmann, Angelica, I., 298
Kings, Hearts of, their preservation, I., 102; II., 91
Kirburg, Prince Frederic John Otho von Salm, his palace and his execution, II., 236
Labienus, and the insurrection against Julius Cæsar, I., 6
Labour, Compulsory, in prisons, II., 146
Lacépède, and the Jardin des Plantes, II., 150
Lackeys, II., 20, 22
Lacroix, Paul, librarian at the Arsenal, I., 290
Ladies’-maids, II., 22
Lafayette, General, I., 94;
and the flight of Louis XVI., 211;
at the national celebration in the Champ de Mars, 232;
place of burial, 333;
and the mob at Versailles, II., 346, 347;
and the Breton Club, I., 162
Laffitte, M., I., 94;
and the story of the pin, 336;
and the story of his loan to a gamester, 336, 337;
Minister of Finance and President of the Council, 337
Lallemand, the student, Death of, I., 358, 359
Lally-Tollendal, Execution of, I., 47, 282
Lamalle, Execution of, I., 17
Lamarck, and the Jardin des Plantes, II., 150
Lamarque, General, Funeral of, and the Republican insurrection, I., 94
Lamartine and the mob, I., 244
Lamballe, Princesse de, I., 313
Lambert, Hôtel, I., 219
Lameth and the Breton Club, I., 162
Lamotte, Countess, and the “affair of the diamond necklace,” II., 345
Lamoignon Hôtel, its former and present occupants, I., 68
Lamoureux, M., I., 76
L’Arbre, Rue de, I., 4, 327
Larive, in the _Marriage of Figaro_, I., 45
Lasource condemned to death, I., 151
Lassay, Marchioness de, II., 210
Lassus, M., and Notre-Dame, I., 14
Latournelle Bridge, II., 34
Latude, Story of, II., 214-218;
his liberation from the Bastille, I., 50
Launay, M., and the statue of Napoleon on the Vendôme Column, I., 156
Launay, De, and his defence of the Bastille, I., 50, 51
Lavalette, M. de:
early life and connection with the post office, I., 318;
arrested for high treason, and saved from death by his wife, 318-320
Law, John Lauriston, his financial speculations in Paris, I., 294, 295;
his work for France, and his pictorial advertisements, 296, 297;
his emigration scheme, II., 325
Law, Changes in the, I., 253, 254
Lawlessness of Parisians in ancient times, I., 3; II., 60
Lazare, St., Prison, I., 64; II., 131;
formerly a leper hospital, 142;
under the canons of St. Victor and St. Vincent de Paul, 142;
becomes a house of correction, and is sacked during famine, 142;
and André Chenier, 142;
vastness, 142;
inmates, 143
Learning under the Convention, I., 90
Lebrun, the painter, and the Louvre, I., 198
Lecouvreur, Adrienne, Supposed poisoning of, I., 3, 182, 183;
burial of, 58, 183; II., 175
Legion of Honour, Palace of the, II., 237
Legislative Assembly of 1791, II., 233
Legouvé, M., on the art of fencing, II., 257, 258
Legris, Jacques, Case of, and judicial duels, I., 346
Legros, Mme., and her efforts on behalf of Latude, II., 214, 217, 218
Lemaître, Frédéric, in _Robert Macaire_, I., 85;
in the _Auberge des Adréts_, 86;
at Porte Saint-Martin Theatre, 92;
at the Théâtre des Variétés, 104;
and Victor Hugo at the Bonne Nouvelle Bazaar, 103
Lemoinne, M., on the English in Paris, II., 10-12
Lenclos, Ninon de, and her rooms in the Boulevard Beaumarchais, I., 67
Lenglet-Dufresnoy, Abbé, employed as a spy by Louis XIV. and Prince Eugène, I., 275
Léo, M. André, on Americans in Paris, II., 12-15
Leopold, M., and the Folies Dramatiques Theatre, I., 85
L’Épée, Abbé de, founder of the Deaf and Dumb Institution, II., 89, 90, 199, 202;
his monument in the church of St. Roch, 203
Lepers, Proclamation for extermination of, I., 3;
asylum for, 219;
shut off in churches, 267;
at St. Lazare, II., 142
Lescot, Pierre, architect of the Louvre, I., 195;
and the Fountain of the Innocents, 312
Lesueur, his picture of an incident in Notre-Dame, I., 14
L’Étoile, Arc de, I., 58
_Lettres de Cachet_, I., 50, 63;
and opera-singers, 89, 99;
and the spy system, 273; II., 17
Leu-Saint-Gilles, St., Church of, I., 312-314
L’Évêque, Fort, State prison, I., 56
Lézardière, Baron, and Abbé Edgeworth, II., 298
L’Hôpital, Marshal de, and his marriage, I., 322
Liancourt, Duc de, and Louis XVI. after the fall of the Bastille, I., 52
Librairie Nouvelle, I., 123, 124
Libraries, Circulating, I., 123;
public, 187-191
Library, National, I., 86, 87, 187, 189-191;
Arsenal, 290;
in the Hôtel de Pimodan, 291;
of the Institute, II., 55;
Sainte-Geneviève, 65, 66;
in the School of Mines, 167
Lighting of Paris, II., 28
_L’Île de la Cité_, I., 6, 249
L’illustre Theatre, II., 291
Littéraire, Café, I., 107, 108
Liszt, Abbé, I., 315
Locke interests himself in an opera-singer, I., 74
Lombards, College and chapel of the, II., 71
Lomenie de Brienne et Loutrec, Hôtel, II., 177, 237, 238
London contrasted with Paris, I., 9
Longchamp, Abbey of, I., 219-221;
promenade, 221
L’Opéra, Place de, I., 133
Loriquet, Father, as an historian, II., 250, 251
Lorme, Marion de, and her residence in the Place Royale, I., 69
L’Orme, Philibert de, and the church of Saint Eustace, I., 5
Lorraine, Cardinal de, and the massacre of St. Bartholomew, I., 22
Losme, De, major of the Bastille, I., 52
Louis VI. and the right of clergy to fight duels, I., 346
Louis VII., his offence against the Chapter of Notre Dame, I., 12, 13;
and the lepers, II., 142
Louis IX. and the Louvre, I., 194
Louis XI. borrowing a book from the Faculty of Medicine, I., 13;
his coronation, 314
Louis XII., his library, I., 187
Louis XIII., his statue erected by Richelieu, I., 69, 70;
his funeral, 99;
and the Palais Royal, 166;
and the Royal Printing Office, 307;
and the Jardin des Plantes, II., 147;
and Versailles, 338
Louis XIV., Statue of, I., 2;
proscribes Gothic architecture, 5;
and the burial of Molière, 58, 111;
and opera-singers, 89;
his funeral, 99; II., 94;
and the Italian actors, I., 117;
and the licence for masked balls, 139;
presents the Palais Royal to Philip of Orleans, 166;
and the Louvre, 197-199;
his collection of pictures, 201, 202;
and duelling, 350;
and disabled soldiers, II., 187;
and Versailles, 338
Louis XV. consigns the Encyclopædia to the Bastille, I., 55;
stabbed by Damiens, 76;
his conduct compared with that of the Duke of Berri, 91;
his funeral, 99; II., 95;
and the Madeleine, I., 142;
his statue, 143, 144;
and the Comédie Française, 175;
and the Royal Military School, 229;
founds the Church of Sainte-Geneviève, II., 62;
and the beggars, 326
Louis XVI. confined in the Rue du Temple, I., 2, 70;
after the capture of the Bastille, 52;
his mild government, 55;
flight from Paris, 87, 211;
reputed burial-place, 100;
his execution, 146, 147-150;
brought back to the Tuileries, 214;
and the celebration in the Champ de Mars, 231, 232;
his trial, II., 234;
and Versailles, 345
Louis XVII., his life in the Temple and death, I., 70;
the supposition that he escaped from the Temple and lived till 1872, 70, 71;
his reputed burial-place, 100
Louis XVIII. inaugurates the new statue of Henry IV., I., 35;
and the burial of Mlle. Raucourt, 58;
and the murder of the Duke of Berri, 90;
obsequies of, II., 96, 99;
and the Madeleine, I., 142;
and the pictures in the Louvre, 204;
and the dungeon of Marie Antoinette, 263;
and Lavalette, 318, 320;
and the Abbé Edgeworth, II., 302
Louis Napoleon, Prince, his two attempts to secure the throne, I., 95-97; II., 116-123;
his trial at the Luxemburg, 123, 124.
(See also Napoleon III.)
Louis-Philippe:
abdication and flight, I., 2, 3;
fortifications constructed under, 7;
lays first stone of the monument in the Place de la Bastille, 59;
military glories of his reign, 75;
Fieschi’s attempt upon his life, 76-79; II., 112-114;
his _sang-froid_, I., 78;
insurrection of June, 1832, against him, 93, 94;
his burial-place, 100;
unveils the new statue of Napoleon on the Vendôme Column, 156;
and the Palais Royal, 167, 168;
and the Élysée Palace, 218;
and the Arc de Triomphe, 225;
and Talleyrand, II., 241
Louis-Philippe Bridge, II., 34
Louis, Dr., and the guillotine, I., 328, 329
Louis le Gros and the Palais de Justice, I., 250
Louis, St.:
funeral, I., 98;
preservation of his heart, 102; II., 91;
effigy in the Palais de Justice, I., 260;
and Blanche de Castille, I., 267
Louis, St., Bridge, I., 34
Louis, St., Island of, II., 34
Louis, St., and St. Paul, Church of, and a picture by Eugène Delacroix, I., 284
Louvel, assassin of the Duke of Berri, I., 90, 91;
his trial, II., 114-116
Lovat, Lord, Decapitation of, and George Selwyn, I., 18
Louviers, Island of, II., 34
Louvre, The:
origin, I., 193;
reconstructed by Philip Augustus, 194;
the Tower, 194;
additions made by Louis IX. and Charles X., 194;
historical events, 194, 195;
its architect and alterations by Catherine de Médicis, 195;
royal residents, 196, 197;
extensions, under Louis XIV., 198;
its picture-gallery, 199, 201-206;
completed by Napoleon III., 200
Lucas, Hippolyte, librarian at the Arsenal, I., 290
Lulli’s operas, I., 127, 135
Lunatic asylums, II., 207-214, 223-225
Lunatics, Prison for, I., 63;
their treatment at various periods, 207, 208;
number in France, 209
Lunge, The brothers, I., 111
Lutetia, the Paris of the Romans, I., 3;
its position and development, 6;
rebuilt and governed as a Roman town, 6;
and the Emperor Julian, 7;
governed by bishops, besieged by Franks, and invaded by Normans, 7;
an island, 7;
its church and palace, 249;
and the hot baths, II., 73
Lutheran Church, I., 304
Luxemburg Palace, I., 10;
its originator and various owners, II., 111;
becomes the Senate or Chamber of Peers, 112;
celebrated trials, 112;
trial of Fieschi, 112-114;
trial of Louvel, 114-116;
trial of Louis Napoleon, 116-124;
and the case of Praslio, 124, 129;
the gardens and picture-gallery, 130
Luxor, Obelisk of, I., 154
Lyceum of Louis the Great, II., 59
Lyons, Number of Huguenots killed at, I., 27;
incidents of the massacre of Huguenots, 27
Machines, Exhibition of, I., 301, 302
MacMahon, Marshal, II., 358
Madeleine, The, its architecture, I., 11, 142;
its history, decorations, preachers, &c., 142, 143
Madeleine, Boulevard, I., 43, 142
Magic, Burning for the crime of, I., 15
Magicians in Paris, I., 16, 17;
patronised by Catherine de Médicis, 42
Magloire, St., Abbey of, I., 314
Magny Restaurant, II., 108
Maintenon, Mme. de, satirised by Italian actors, I., 116;
and disabled soldiers, II., 187;
and the Tsar, 344
Maison Dorée, La, I., 122, 123
Maison de Villas, II., 331
Malesherbes, M. de, and the execution of Louis XVI., I., 147;
his monument in the Palais de Justice, 258
Malle de Scudéry, novelist, I., 299
Man in the iron mask, I., 284
Mandelot, Governor of Lyons, and the massacre of Huguenots, I., 27
Maniaut, Du, and Porte Saint-Martin Theatre, I., 92
Mansard, the architect, I., 67;
and the Place Vendôme, 155;
and the Val de Grâce, II., 90
Manteuffel, Baron Ernest von, and _Les deux Pages_, I., 36
Maps, School of, I., 305
Maquet, Auguste, I., 303
Mara, Mme., I., 135
Marais, The, its illustrious residents, I., 67
Marais, Rue des, I., 3, 67
Marais, Théâtre du, I., 174; II., 110
Marat, I., 151;
disposal of his remains, II., 106;
editor of _Ami du Peuple_, 109
Marble Table, Theatre of the, I., 250, 252
Marcel, Étienne, Mayor of Paris, I., 242;
builds the Bastille, 286
Marcellus, Bishop, I., 14
Marchaud, Guillaume, architect and builder of Pont-Neuf, I., 31
Marché, Rue du, I., 161
Marché des Innocents, Rue du, Events associated with, I., 3
Margaret of Navarre, Queen, and the preaching of Protestants, I., 287; II., 38
Marguerite of Lorraine, Marriage of, I., 27
Marguerite de Valois and her lovers, I., 35; II., 159
Marie Antoinette confined in the Rue du Temple, I., 2, 70;
at a notable performance at the Académie Royale de Musique, 87;
insulted at the Opéra Comique, 87;
marriage, 144;
her execution, 150;
carries her son into the Assembly, 207;
in the Conciergerie, 263;
affair of the necklace, 307; II., 345
Marie de Médicis and her belief in magic, I., 17;
and the Luxemburg Palace, II., 111
Marie Bridge, II., 34
Marigny, Avenue, I., 223, 224
Market:
in the Place de la République, I., 84;
in the Place de la Madeleine, 142;
Temple, 303, 304;
Innocents, 312;
Corn, 314, 318;
Fish, 315; II., 316;
Ave Maria, I., 290;
of St. Germain, II., 171
Markets, Central, I., 314, 315-318; II., 166, 167, 315, 316
Marly, II., 339, 340
Marne, River, II., 287
Marot, Clément, his translation of the Psalms, I., 287; II., 38
Marriage of Duc de Joyeuse and Marguerite of Lorraine at the Church of St.-Germain-l’Auxerrois, I., 27
_Marriage of Figaro_, I., 44-46, 179;
its effect on the public mind, 67
Mars, Mlle., I., 103;
in _Hernani_, 181, 183;
and Mlle. Rachel, 298
Martin, St., Boulevard, I., 93
Martin, St., Porte, I., 93, 98
Masked balls, I., 139
Massacre of St. Bartholomew and the bell of St.-Germain-l’Auxerrois, I., 2, 9, 289;
its authors, 22, 289;
preparations, 23;
murder of Coligny, 24, 289
Massenet’s operas, I., 138
Maubuée, La, Jews roasted at, I., 3
Maurevel fires at Admiral Coligny, I., 23
Maury, M. l’Abbé, his oration in defence of the Parliament, I., 163, 164
Mazarin, and Count de Rochefort, I., 37;
and the introduction of opera into France, 74, 116;
his project for establishing a college, II., 289
Mazarin Library, I., 191
Mazarin Palais, II., 288
Mazas, Prison of, I., 261; II., 131;
construction, and riots of first inmates, 137;
and the cellular system, 137, 138;
sanitation, régime, and administration, 138
Medicine, School of, and practical school, II., 106, 107
Mendicancy, II., 324-330
Ménilmontant, I., 335
Mercier, his description of the Pont-Neuf, I., 36, 37;
on the Académie Française, 37, 38;
description of public executioner, 39;
on the political indifference of Parisians, and the mild government of Louis XVI., 54, 55;
on hackney coaches, 262;
on the spy system, 271, 272;
on the Hôtel-Dieu, 279-281;
on the Mont-de-Piété, 306;
views on the Sorbonne, II., 52, 53;
on the Panthéon, 64
Méry at the Café de la Régence, I., 109
Méry, St., Church of, I., 93, 293, 294
Meyerbeer, his _Robert le Diable_, I., 135
Michelet on the Jacobins, I., 162
Middle Ages:
curiosities of the period in the Cluny Museum, II., 78;
arms and armour in the Artillery Museum, 86, 87;
burning of lunatics, 207
Mignard, the painter, I., 159
Mignons, The, their contest with the partisans of the Duke of Guise, I., 69
Mignot, François Marie, I., 322
Military School, Site of old, I., 127
Military spectacles in circuses and theatres, I., 75
Mille, Laurent de, and the assassination of a banker in the Rue de Venise, I., 298
Mineralogy, Museum of, II., 130
Ministry of Justice, I., 158
Mirabeau:
his motion in the Assembly on July 8th, 1789, I., 47;
his death, 163;
place of burial, II., 63;
letters from the Bastille to “Sophie,” 139, 279;
early life, marriage, and imprisonment, 279;
captivity at Vincennes, and visit to Prussia, 280;
his “Secret History,” and “Prussian Monarchy,” 281;
political life, relations with the Court, and his death, 282;
and the Breton Club, I., 162
Miraille, Dominique, burnt for the crime of magic, I., 15
Miramion, Madame Beauharnais de, and her house of refuge for girls, II., 138
Mirlitons Club, I., 140
Miron, François, his offering of a silver lamp in Notre-Dame, I., 15
Molay, Jacques de, burned on the Pont-Neuf, I., 3, 276
Molé, in the _Marriage of Figaro_, I., 45
Molière, birthplace, I., 2, 322;
death and burial, 2, 58, 111, 112;
residence, 111;
benevolent act of his widow, 112;
his borrowing from the Italians, 117;
as represented by Scarron, 173, 174;
estrangement from Racine, 174;
joins a troop of wandering players, 174;
imprisoned for debt, 290;
his Scottish descent, 315;
and the Val de Grâce, II., 91
Molière Theatre, I., 296
Momus, Café, I., 110, 111
Monastery of the Jacobins, I., 161
Monceau, Parc, I., 344
Monks and duelling, I., 346
Montalivet, M. de, his interview with Napoleon, I., 291
Montansier, Mlle., I., 86, 183
Mont-de-Piété, I., 305, 306;
external appearance, II., 160;
internal arrangements, 161;
Alfred Delvau’s description of the borrowers, 162;
its founder, 163;
description by M. Blaize, 163-166
Montesquieu shoots the Prince of Condé, I., 22;
his interest in opera-singers, 74
Montgomery kills Henri II. in a tournament, I., 68
Montlhéry, Battle of, I., 43, 144
Montmartre, Boulevard, in former times, I., 2, 104, 113;
Butte, 340, 342;
Cemetery, 342;
observatory, 342;
and the church of St. Peter, 342;
and the Frascati gaming-house, 104-106
Montmorency, Constable de, Hotel built by, I., 290
Montparnasse, its associations and occupants, II., 250-253
Montparnasse Theatre, II., 250
Monument to the Republic, I., 84
Moralities, Performance of, at the Palais de Justice, I., 250
Moreau, Hégésippe, II., 250, 251
Morgue, The, II., 34, 35
Moulins, Assembly at, I., 22
Mun, Comte de, II., 71
Municipality of Paris, I., 243
Murat and the Élysée Palace, I., 218
Mürger, Henri, I., 110, 342;
his “Vie de Bohême,” 367
Murillo, his “Conception of the Virgin,” at the Louvre, I., 206
Museum, Artillery, II., 83-88;
Carnavalet, I., 67, 310;
Cluny, II., 76-82;
of French monuments, II., 175;
of mineralogy, II., 130;
des Thermes, I., 314
Musical Artists, Society of, I., 315
Musset, Alfred de, at the Café de la Régence, I., 109
Mysteries, Performance of, I., 19, 226, 314
Napoleon I. and his coronation in Notre-Dame, I., 12, 19-21;
and _The Man of Destiny_ at Porte Saint-Martin Theatre, 92;
his burial-place, 100;
and opera-singers, 135;
and the Madeleine, 142;
and the Column of Austerlitz, 155;
and the Comédie Française, 178;
at the Élysée Palace, 218;
and the Bois de Boulogne, 222;
and the Arc de Triomphe de l’Étoile, 224;
at the Royal Military School, 230;
and the Rue de Rivoli, 283;
and the Legislative Body, II., 232;
his nobility, 303
Napoleon III.:
his burial-place, I., 100; II., 97;
completes the Louvre, I., 200;
and the Rue de Rivoli, 283;
birthplace, 340;
and the monument to Marshal Ney, II., 106;
sends 500 citizens to Sainte-Pélagie, 141;
creation of nobles, 303.
(See also Louis Napoleon)
Napoleon III. Bridge, II., 33
Napoleon Barracks, I., 283
National Assembly:
its heroic behaviour during the revolution of 1789, I., 50;
decrees the destruction of royal tombs, 102; II., 98;
description of a debate, I., 163-165
National Guard, their behaviour at the insurrection of June, 1832, I., 94
National Library:
the danger of fire from the proximity of the Salle Montansier, I., 86, 87;
and Louis XI., 187;
sequestration of Scheffer and Hanequis’ books, 187;
its gradual growth, 189, 190;
regulations, 191
National Museum of French Monuments, II., 175
National School of Mines, II., 166
National workshops, II., 130, 247
Naundorff, pretender to the French throne, I., 70, 71
Naval and Military Club, I., 140
Navarre, Queen of, Death of the, I., 23
Necker, Dismissal of, I., 47;
bust, veiled with crape, carried through Paris, 48
Necklace, diamond, Affair of the, II., 345
Necropolis of Saint-Denis, Burial of kings at the, I., 98-102;
destruction of tombs and mausoleums by the National Assembly, 102
Nemours, Duc de, his duel with the Duke de Beaufort, I., 350
Nesle, Mme. de, principal in a duel, I., 350
Nesle, Tower of, II., 288
Neuf Bridge, II., 34
Nevers, Duke of, I., 23
New Opéra, The:
dimensions, I., 133;
opening, cost, and number of persons employed, 138;
masked ball, 139
New Year’s gifts, I., 113, 114; II., 22
_New York Herald_, Office of the, I., 140
Newspapers suppressed by Charles X., I., 2;
after the Revolution, II., 180;
prosecutions of 1835, 181;
the first paper, 270;
leading newspapers and their writers, 270-273
Ney, Marshal, and the fencing-master, I., 350;
espousal of the cause of Napoleon, II., 103, 104;
trial and execution, 105, 106;
monument to his memory, 106
Nicholas-in-the-Fields, St., Church of, I., 299
Nobility, Emigration of the, II., 295-298
Nodier, Charles, custodian of the Arsenal Library, I., 290
Normans, their burning of a part of Paris, I., 3;
invasion of Paris, 7
Notre-Dame, founding of, I., 3;
Paris seen from the towers of, 4;
on the site of a Temple to Jupiter, 6, 12, 14;
coronation of Napoleon in, 12, 19-21;
wand of Louis VII. deposited in, 12, 13;
funeral of Raimond Diocre, 13, 14;
formerly consisting of two edifices, 14;
known as the “New Church” in the twelfth century, 14;
embellishments under Louis XIII., 14;
mutilations and restoration, 14;
absolution of Raymond VII., 14;
put to various uses, 15;
coronation of Henry VI. of England as King of France, 15;
panic caused by robbers, 15;
celebration of the Feast of Reason, 15;
executions in front of, 15;
penance of Damiens in front of, 17;
mass for Madeleine Guimard’s broken arm, 19;
dramatic performances, 19
Notre-Dame-de-Lorette, Church of, I., 340
Novels, Price of, I., 124
Nursing Institution, II., 196
Obelisk of Luxor, I., 154
Observatory, founding and design, II., 102;
copper cupola, 102;
instruments, 102, 103;
execution of Marshal Ney in the Avenue, 103
Observatory of Montmartre, I., 342
O’Connell, his will that his heart should be sent to Rome, I., 102; II., 91
Octroi, The, I., 7, 48; II., 318
Odéon Theatre, I., 10; II., 110, 291, 292
Odo the Falconer, I., 293
Old-clothes dealers, II., 260, 261
Olivier, Mlle., in the _Marriage of Figaro_, I., 45
Omnibuses, II., 31
Opéra, The:
described by Rousseau, I., 134, 135;
Dr. Burney’s opinion, 134;
rehearsals, 136;
first performances, 138
Opéra Comique, The, Marie Antoinette insulted at, I., 87;
its establishment, 115, 117;
its operas, 118;
destroyed by fire, 118;
its history, 292
Opera, Grand, its dimensions and commodiousness, I., 133;
its inauguration, 138;
and masked balls, 139
Opera House in the Rue Le Pelletier, destroyed by fire, I., 127;
and _William Tell_, 138
Opera-singers, engaged through the agency of diplomatists, I., 74;
compelled to perform by _lettres de cachet_, 89;
their immunities, 89;
salaries, 134;
training, 135;
costumes, 322-324
Opéra, National, formerly Académie Royale de Musique, I., 87;
its direction under the Republic, 87, 88
Operas, Composers of, at the Opéra Comique and the Académie, I., 118
Orchestra of blind men, I., 110
Organ-grinders, II., 327
Orleans, brother of Charles VI., Duke of, assassinates the Duke of Burgundy, I., 2
Orleans, Louis Philippe Joseph, Duke of,
(See Égalité, Philippe)
Orleans, Philip II., Duke of, liberates prisoners from the Bastille, I., 99;
and the Palais Royal, 167
Oriental Languages, School, II., 177
Orsi, Count, and Boulogne expedition of Louis Napoleon, II., 117-124
Oyster-women, II., 7, 8
Paix, Rue de la, I., 158
Palace of Industry and the Exhibition of 1855, I., 223, 224
Palace of National Archives, I., 304
Palais:
Bourbon, I., 231, 236;
Cardinal, 306, 307;
de Justice, 250-260;
Mazarin, 288, 289;
Royal, 2, 166-170;
des Thermes, II., 73
Palais, du, Boulevard, I., 264, 269
Palais Bourbon:
inappropriateness of name, II., 231;
construction, history, and use, 231;
and the Legislative Body, 231, 236
Palais de Justice:
its Roman origin and early history, I., 250, 251;
fire of 1618, 252;
fire of 1776, 253;
reconstructed and enlarged, 253;
design, dimensions, tower and courts, 254;
stalls and booths, grand staircase, &c., 255;
picture by Van Eyck, 256;
Salle des Pas Perdus, 258;
monument to Malesherbes, 258;
the Golden Room, 258;
trials in the “Hall of Equity” and the case of Cazotte, 259;
Galerie Saint-Louis, 259, 260;
Bureau of Judicial Assistance, 260;
collection of articles taken from prisoners, 260
Palais Royal:
revolutionary scenes enacted there, I., 2, 169, 170;
its original name, 166;
presented to Louis XIII. by Richelieu, 166;
residence of Henrietta of France and of Philip of Orleans, 166;
burning and re-erection of theatre, 166;
galleries turned into shops, 167;
place of dissipation, 167;
various owners, 168;
fired by Communards, 168; II., 359
Palais Royal Theatre, I., 184
Palissy, Bernard, specimens of his work in the Cluny Museum, II., 79
Panoramas established by Robert Fulton, I., 103
Panoramas, Passage de, I., 103
Panthéon, I., 3, 10;
the site, II., 59;
founded as the Church of Sainte-Geneviève, 63;
decision of the Constituent Assembly, 63;
its illustrious dead, 63, 64
Panthéon Theatre, II., 89
Parc, Mlle. du, her lovers and her intrigues, I., 174
Paris, Count of, and his claim to the throne, II., 305, 306
“Parisians,” The, I., 103
Parvis of Notre-Dame, its historical associations, I., 276, 277
Pascal, Statue of, I., 283
Pasdeloup, Popular Concerts started by I., 76
Pasquier, Baron, and the spy system, II., 18
Passage des Panoramas, I., 103
Paul, Hotel St., II., 158
Paul, St. Vincent de, and his asylum for foundlings, II., 102;
and the lepers, 142;
and the inmates of La Salpêtrière, 211
Paulmy, M. de, and the sale of his books to the Count of Artois, I., 290
Pauvent, first Protestant put to death in France, I., 286
Pavilion of Hanover, I., 126
Peasants, II., 167-170, 310, 311
Pelagie, Ste., Prison: I., 170; II., 131;
origin and first uses, 138, 139;
at the Revolution and under the Second Empire, 139;
Duchess of Berri’s Chapel and employment of prisoners, 139;
class of inmates and official staff, 139, 140;
celebrated prisoners, 140;
during the Republic and under Napoleon III., 141;
famous escapes, 141, 142
Pelletan, Dr., and the heart of Louis XVII., II., 92
Pène, Henri de, fights a duel at Vincennes, I., 61
Père-Lachaise, Cemetery of:
origin of name, I., 333;
site and characteristics, 334;
monuments and graves of notable people, 334;
the slaughter of May, 1871, 335; II., 359;
the crematorium, I., 335;
demonstration of students in connection with the death of Lallemand, 359
Périne, Institution Sainte-, II., 331
Perrault, Claude, and the completion of the Louvre, I., 198
Peter the Great, his visit to Versailles, II., 343, 344
Pétion and the Breton Club, I., 162
Petty trades, II., 259-264, 265, 266
Philip II. of Spain and the massacre of St. Bartholomew, I., 22
Philip Augustus:
Burial at St. Denis of, I., 98;
reconstructs the Louvre, 194;
and the Palais de Justice, 250;
founds the Central Markets, 315;
his towers, II., 157
Philip the Fair and the Palais de Justice, I., 250
Philip the Long, and the church of Notre Dame de Boulogne, I., 221
Piccini’s operas, I., 135
Pichon, Baron, his collection of books and objects of art, I., 291
Picture-dealers, II., 255, 256
Picture-gallery at the Louvre, I., 201-206;
at the Cluny Museum, II., 79, 80;
at the Luxemburg Palace, 130
Pillory, II., 315
Pimodan, Lieut-General Count de, I., 291
Pinel, reformer of lunatic asylum system, II., 211, 222
Piron, and the Académie Française, I., 37, 38
Pius IV. and the massacre of St. Bartholomew, I., 22
Place, de la Bastille, I., 43, 52, 59;
du Château d’Eau, I., 84;
du Châtelet, I., 291, 292;
de la Concorde, II., 143-154;
de Grève, I., 2, 15, 39, 289;
de l’Hôtel-de-Ville, I., 39, 281;
St. Jacques, I., 282;
Maubert, II., 71, 72;
de l’Opéra, I., 133;
du Parvis, I., 276;
de la Roquette, I., 282;
Royale, I., 68, 69;
Vendôme, I., 133, 155-158; II., 359;
des Victoires, I., 2;
des Vosges, I., 68
Poissonnière, Boulevard, I., 103
Pol, St., Execution of the Constable of, I., 282
Police-courts, I., 261
Polignac, Mme. de, principal in a duel, I., 350
Political indifference of Parisians, I., 54
Polytechnic School, I., 358
Pompadour, Mme. de, and her treatment of Latude, II., 214-216
Pomponne, Marquis de, his burial-place, I., 294
Pont-Neuf, the, Statue of Henry IV. on, I., 3;
events occurring on, 3;
the oldest bridge in Paris, 30;
first stone laid by Henry III., 30;
restored, 35;
incident of Mlle. Contat and Prince Henry of Prussia, 35, 36;
Mercier’s account of, 36, 37;
robberies committed by gentlemen on, 37;
resort of beggars, 38, 39
Poor, The:
their treatment, II., 193;
institute for their nursing, 196, 197;
homes, retreats, “bureaux,” and Government aid, 331-337
Popular concerts started by Pasdeloup, I., 76
Poquelins, House of the, I., 315
Porcelain, Sèvres, II, 228-230
Portal, Bérenger de, I., 290
Porte Saint-Denis, Construction and design of, I., 98
Porte Saint-Martin, I., 93, 98
Porte Saint-Martin Theatre, I., 80;
closed at intervals and afterwards re-opened by Du Maniaut, 92;
burnt, and rebuilt, 93
Post-cards, Adoption and circulation of, I. 322
Potel and Chabot, Firm of, and the banquet to ten thousand mayors, I., 126
Poussin, Nicolas, and the Louvre, I., 198
Prado, The, I., 269
Praslin, Duc de, Crime and suicide of, II., 124-130
Press, The:
in 1728, II., 268;
under the Convention, the Directory, and the Consulate, 269;
at the second Restoration, 269;
“ordonnances” of 1830, 269;
abolition of censorship by Louis Philippe, 269;
after the revolution of 1848, 270;
leading newspapers and journalists, 270-273
Press Club, I., 139
Prefect of Police, I., 270
Preville in the _Marriage of Figaro_, I., 45
Prévôt, Rue de, I., 284
Printers, and the suppression of newspapers by Charles X., I., 2
Printing, its introduction, II., 178;
work of Garamond and Robert Étienne, 178;
restrictions and opposition, 179;
privileges granted by Henry IV., and the censorship of Louis XIII., 180;
in 1791, 180;
and the play of Gérard de Nerval, 181
Printing-office, Royal, I., 307-309;
of Honoré de Balsac, II., 175;
of Quantin, 178
Prisoners, and their cells, I., 261, 262; II., 137;
famous escapes, 141, 142
Prisons, II., 131-146;
hygiene, food, and general internal arrangements, 145, 146
Private warfare in France, I., 3
Procope, Café, I., 108, 109
Protestant Temple of the Oratory, I., 314
Protestants:
attempt to drive away the Guises, I., 22;
privileges granted to them after the battle of Jarnac, 22;
preparations for their massacre, 23;
suspected of plots, 23;
their massacre on St. Bartholomew’s Day, 26, 27;
in the Bastille, 47;
their burning by Henry II., 286;
persecution at the Reformation, 287; II., 38;
places of worship, I., 287; II., 38, 43;
under the Reign of Terror, 43;
schools, I., 287
Prussians, charges against them for conduct during the Franco-Prussian War, II., 353, 354
Public Aid Department, II., 335, 337
Public Writers, II., 3-7
Quai d’Anjou, I., 291
Quantin’s printing-office, II., 178
Quartier Latin, The, I., 10
Quinze-Vingts, The, II., 198, 199
Quincampoix, Rue, I., 294
Rabelais, his place of burial, I., 284;
place of his death, II., 157;
his allusions to Francis I., 158
Rachel, Mlle.:
parentage and early life, I., 298;
her performances at the Théâtre Molière, and admission into the Conservatoire, 298;
at the Gymnase, 298, 299;
at the Théâtre Français, 299
Racine, and “Bajazet” and “Britannicus,” I., 3;
estrangement with Molière, 174
Racing, at Longchamps, I., 226; II., 254;
at Champ de Mars, I., 235;
as a fête, II., 255;
at Chantilly, 254;
at Versailles and Fontainebleau, 255
Racing Club, I., 140
Rag-pickers, their occupation described, I., 360, 361;
commissioned to kill dogs, 362;
in literature and the drama, 362-365; II., 260